Think Script Manual PDF

swimlessons@thinkorswim.
com
ThinkScript
In this document you will find information on the thinkScript
language. Using the price data in conjunction with functions,
variables, and operators allows you to build up a whole system
of your own studies and strategies. Being integrated into
various features of the thinkorswim platform, thinkScript
can be used for issuing alerts, scanning the market,
customizing quotes, and submitting orders automatically.
The Getting Started section will help you get acquainted with
thinkScript and start writing your first scripts.
The Reference section provides you with information on
constants, data types, declarations, functions, operators, and
reserved words, explaining how to use them when writing
scripts with thinkScript.
The thinkScript Integration section contains articles
demonstrating usage of thinkScript integration features.
ThinkScript
• Getting Started 4
o Writing Your First Script 5
o Advanced Topics 19
• Reference 35
o Reserved Words 37
o Declarations 68
o Functions 78
o Constants 256
o Data Types 312
o Operators 315
• thinkScript Integration 324

o Conditional Orders 325
o Custom Quotes 327
o Study Alerts 329
o Study Filters 331
Getting Started
This section contains tutorials that will help you get
acquainted with thinkscript and start writing your first scripts.
• Getting Started
 Defining Plots 5
 Defining Variables 6
 Def Variables 7
 Rec Variables 8
 Rec Enumerations 10
 Using Functions 12
 Formatting Plots 13
 Adjusting Parameters Using Inputs 16
 Accessing Data 17
 Using Strategies 18
 Concatenating Strings 20
 Creating Local Alerts 22
 Referencing Data 23
 Referencing Secondary Aggregation 24
 Referencing Historical Data 27
 Referencing Other Price Type Data 28
 Referencing Other Studies 29
 Referencing Other Symbol's Data 31
 Past Offset 32
 Using Profiles 34
o Writing Your First Script
This section contains tutorials that will help you write your
first thinkscript study or strategy.
o Defining Plots
In order to visualize data calculated by studies, you can use
plots.
plot SMA = Average(close, 10);
This example script plots a 10 period simple moving average of

the Close price.
When working with charts, you might need to use several
plots. The following example script plots two moving averages
of the Close price: the 10 period simple moving average and
the 10 period exponential moving average.

plot EMA = ExpAverage(close, 10);
In case you only need one plot and don't need any inputs or
intermediate variables, you can use short syntax:
Average(close, 10)
This example script plots a 10 period simple moving average of

the Close price. Note that if you use the short syntax, your
script must be a single expression.
See also: Reserved Words: plot; Formatting Plots.

o Defining Variables
Thinkscript provides different types of variables to work with.
This section contains tutorials that will teach you to work with
these variables.
• Def Variables 7
• Rec Variables 8
• Rec Enumerations 10
Def Variables
The def reserved word defines a variable you'd like to
work with. For example, you can define something called
MyClosingPrice as:
def MyClosingPrice = Close;
By using the def reserved word, you can create a variable

that can be used in another formula in the study. This let's
you construct complex formulas from simpler elements.
For example, if you want to divide the range of a stock
price by the closing price, you can create a variable for the
range:
def range = high - low;
then create another variable:
def percentrange = range / close;
Doing it this way lets you re-use variables and gives you
the power to combine complex variables in your formulas
more easily. By defining a variable such as:
def SMA = average(close, 20);
You can use that variable sma in your code as part of

another calculation. For instance,
plot doubleSMA = SMA * 2;
plot tripleSMA = SMA * 3;
Rec Variables
Rec variables are used to store floating point data. Values
of such variables are calculated one after another in a
chronological manner. When you assign a value to the rec
variable you can use its values calculated for the previous
bars. If you use data related to the period prior to the
beginning of the time period then the rec variable is also
calculated for the period. Before the calculation, the rec
value is set to 0 for all moments of time.
rec x = x[1] + (random() - 0.5);

plot RandomWalk = x;
Shows random walk.
input drop = 5.0;

rec x = if close >= (1 - drop / 100) * x[1] then Max(close,
x[1]) else close;
plot MaxPrice = x;
plot Drops = close < (1 - drop / 100) * x[1];
Drops.SetPaintingStrategy(PaintingStrategy.BOOLEAN_
ARROW_UP);
In this example the rec variable holds the maximum close

value starting from the moment of the last fall. When the
price reduces on the defined percentage from the
maximum, the maximum value resets.
declare lower;
rec x = x[1] + x[10] * 0 + 1;
plot line = x;
This script takes data for the previous 10 bars. Thus, the
rec calculation starts 10 bars prior to the beginning of the
time period. As a result, the first drawn value of the plot
line is 11.
declare lower;
rec x = x[1] + 1;
plot line = x;
Similarly, in this example the calculation starts 1 bar prior

to the beginning of the time period. This is why the first
visible value equals 2.
rec x = x[-1] + close;

plot data = x;
This script refers to data that has not been calculated yet.
Thus, it will produce an error. This applies to any
calculation of a rec variable which attempts to use its
current or future value.
Rec Enumerations
You can use rec enumeration constructions to create
something like a usual rec in thinkScript but with limited
possible values.
Note that rec enumerations can contain only string values.
rec a = {default neutral, up, down};

a = if (close == close[1]) then a.neutral else if (close >
close[1]) then a.up else a.down;
plot q;
switch(a)
{
case up: q = low;
case down: q = high;
case neutral: q = close;
}
The first line of the script is a declaration of a rec

enumeration a having neutral, up, and down values. The
default keyword indicates the default value of the rec
enumeration. If you do not assign a value to a, it will
always be equal to its default neutral value .
rec a = {default neutral, up, down};
The second line of this script is the assignment statement.

Note that a rec enumeration can have only one assignment
statement.
a = if (close == close[1]) then a.neutral else if (close >

close[1]) then a.up else a.down;
The third line is just a plot declaration.
plot q;
The rest of the script is a switch statement having the rec
enumeration as a parameter. It is similar to the switch
having an input enumeration as a parameter.
switch(a)
{
case up: q = low;
case down: q = high;
case neutral: q = close;
}
Note that rec enumerations are independent. This means

that you cannot assign the same values to two different
enumerations like in the following example.
rec a = {q, w, e, default r, t, y};

rec b = {q, w, e, default r, t, y};
rec c = {q, w, e, default r, t, y};
a = a.q;
b = a.q; ### error in this line
c = a; ### error in this line
plot z = 1;
Both sides of statements in the enumeration assignment

should be of the same type:
rec a = {q, w, e, default r, t, y};

rec b = {q, w, e, default r, t, y};
a = a.q;
b = b.q;
plot z = a[1] == a.q;
plot x = a == z; ### error in this line
plot y = a != if (1==2) then a else a.q;
plot w = if (1==2) then a else a.q != if (1==2) then b else
b.q; ### error in this line
o Using Functions
The thinkScript has a number of functions that can be
performed on the price data to generate the desired study or
strategy. For example,
plot CloseAvg = average(close, 12);
displays the average of the last 12 days' closing prices.

Each function has required parameters. Average, for example,
requires data (open, close, etc.) and length (number of bars).
You can specify these parameters in any order. For example,
plot SMA = average(data = close, length = 50);

and
plot SMA = average(length = 50, data = close);
will show the same result on the chart.

o Formatting Plots
The thinkscript contains lots of Look & Feel functions used to
format a plot: define a plot type (histogram, line, point, etc.),
color, line style and other.
Here is the common syntax for that:
<plot_name>.<L&F_function_name>(L&F_function_parameters
)
In order to specify a plot type, use the SetPaintingStrategy

function. Note that you can use this function only in
combination with Painting Strategy constants. In case this
function is not called, then the Line Painting Strategy is used.
Note that plots from the following "signal" painting strategy
category are drawn above plots from the common category:
• PaintingStrategy.ARROW_DOWN
• PaintingStrategy.ARROW_UP
• PaintingStrategy.POINTS
• PaintingStrategy.BOOLEAN_ARROW_DOWN
• PaintingStrategy.BOOLEAN_ARROW_UP
• PaintingStrategy.BOOLEAN_POINTS
• PaintingStrategy.DASHES
• PaintingStrategy.HORIZONTAL
• PaintingStrategy.SQUARES
• PaintingStrategy.TRIANGLES
Plots defined first are drawn above plots defined later in the
same painting strategy category.
declare lower;
plot AvgVolume = Average(volume, 7);
AvgVolume.SetPaintingStrategy(PaintingStrategy.HISTOGRAM
);
In this example the average volume plot is represented by a
histogram.
In order to define a plot line style and its width use the SetStyle
and SetLineWeight functions. This function can only be used in
combination with the curve style constants. Line width ranges
from 1 to 5 pixels. If this function is not called, then a solid line
with 1 pixel width is used.

SMA.SetStyle(Curve.LONG_DASH);
SMA.SetLineWeight(3);
You can set plot color with the help of the SetDefaultColor,
AssignValueColor, or AssignNormGradientColor functions.
• SetDefaultColor is used to color the whole plot in a

specific color.
• AssignValueColor is used to color a plot in different
colors depending on specified conditions.
• AssignNormGradientColor is used to color a plot in a
gradient color depending on values.
In order to specify a color you can:

• Use Color constants, e.g, Color.RED.
• Use the Color function to reference named a plot color
previously defined using defineColor
• Use the GetColor function.
• Use the CreateColor function.
• Use the TakeValueColor function to reference color for
anohter plot
Example
plot LowerBand = Lowest(low[1], 7);
plot UpperBand = Highest(high[1], 7);
plot Middle = (LowerBand + UpperBand) / 2;
Middle.DefineColor("Highest", Color.RED);
Middle.DefineColor("Lowest", CreateColor(250, 150, 25));
LowerBand.SetDefaultColor(GetColor(5));
UpperBand.AssignValueColor(LowerBand.TakeValueColor());
Middle.AssignNormGradientColor(14, Middle.color("Highest"),
Middle.color("Lowest"));
This example defined two named colors for the Middle plot.
The "Highest" color is defined using a constant, "Lowest" is
defined using the CreateColor function by defining the RGB
components of the color. For the LowerBand the example uses
a color from the dynamic color palette. The TakeValueColors
function is used to indicate that the UpperBand should be
colored in the same color as the LowerBand. The Middle plot
will be colored in a gradient depending on 14 last bar values
and colors selected for "Highest" and "Lowest". If you want to
hide the a plot you can use the hide and setHiding functions.
The setHiding function is diffenent from hide because it can
hide/show a plot dynamically depending on certain conditions.
plot SMA5 = Average(close, 5);

SMA10.hide();
SMA15.setHiding(getAggregationPeriod() <
AggregationPeriod.DAY);
In this example the SMA10 plot is hidden by default and the

SMA15 is hidden only on intraday charts by default. You can
also hide the last plot value bubble and title in the status string
with the current plot value using the HideBubble and HideTitle
functions.
plot PastPrice = close[5];

PastPrice.HideBubble();
PastPrice.HideTitle();
o Adjusting Parameters Using Inputs
Most studies and strategies are adjustable in terms of length,
bounds or levels. You can create an adjustable parameter for
your thinkScript study using the input reserved word. An input
is like a def that can be adjusted in the Edit Studies and
Strategies window.
Example
input length = 12;
input price = close;
plot SMA = average(data = price, length = length);
Here 12 and close are default values which you can override
on the preferences panel the way you adjust any pre-defined
studies.
o Accessing Data
In order to access data from another symbol, data period, or
price type in your code, append the name of the symbol in
quotes and parentheses to the data type you want to use. Note
that you can use the price type data for Forex symbols only.
Example
plot data = close - close("GOOG");
The code will give you a line that is the difference between the
closing price for the symbol that you have in the chart and the
closing price for Google (GOOG).
For example on accessing another data periods or price types,
see the open function desctiption in the Fundamental
Functions section.
o Using Strategies
You can use thinkScript for fine-tuning pre-defined strategies
or creating strategies of your own in the TOS Charts charting
package. When strategies are drawn on a chart, Buy and Sell
triggers appear in response to the conditions defined in the
strategy. You can open a performance report by right clicking a
signal and choosing "Show Report" from the pop-up menu in
order to backtest selected strategies.
Note that currently you cannot send real orders using
strategies.
You can add the following types of orders defined by the

corresponding constants using addOrder function:
• BUY_AUTO
• BUY_TO_CLOSE
• SELL_AUTO
• SELL_TO_CLOSE
•
Note that to be able to close and open positions, you must add
strategies with both buying and selling orders. After defining
the order type, you should define a condition upon which the
strategy should trigger. You can also specify trade price,
number of contracts, and color of signals.
Example
addOrder(OrderType.BUY_AUTO, close < 50);
addOrder(OrderType.SELL_TO_CLOSE, close > 70);
This strategy comprises orders of both buying and selling

sides. It adds a Buy (Entry) signal when the Close price drops
below 50 and a Sell (Exit) trigger when the price exceeds 70.
o Advanced Topics
This section contains tutorials that will help you write your
first thinkscript study or strategy.
Here is a list of the tutorials:
• Concatenating Strings
• Creating Local Alerts
• Referencing Data
• Using Profiles
o Concatenating Strings
You can concatenate two strings using the concat function.
This may be useful when you want to pass the resulting string
as a parameter to one of the following functions:
• AddChartLabel
• AddVerticalLine
• alert
• AddChartBubble
Note that the concat function preliminarily converts values of

different types to a string. For this reason you can use any
numeric values as the function's parameters.
Example 1
AddVerticalLine(getMonth() <> getMonth()[1], concat("Open:
", open));
This example draws a vertical line with the open value for the
beginning of each month.
Example 2 (Concatenating more than two values)

input threshold = 100;
alert(price > threshold, concat("Current price ", concat(price,
concat(" is greater than ", threshold))), Alert.TICK);
This example defines a local alert that is triggered once a new

quotation arrives in case the current price is higher that the
specified price. In order to concatenate more than two values
the example uses nested concat function calls:
concat(value1, concat(value2, value3))
Example 3 (Converting numerical value to a string)
input isVerbose = yes;
AddChartLabel(yes, concat(if isVerbose then "Close: " else "",
close));
This example draws a chart label and a note depending on the

isVerbose parameter. As you can see from the example, in
order to pass a numeric value as a string you need to
preliminarily concatenate it with an empty string using the
concat function:
concat(numerical_value, "")
o Creating Local Alerts
In thinkscript you have the ability to create local alerts. In
general, alerts are signals that are triggered when a condition
is satisfied.
The common syntax for thinkscript alerts is the following:
alert(condition, text, alert type, sound);
The condition parameter defines a condition on which you
want this alert to be triggered. The text parameter places a
specified text next to the alert. The alert type parameter
defines a type of the alert.
Available alert type values are:

• Alert.ONCE – alert can be triggered only once after
adding a study.
• Alert.BAR – alert can be triggered only once per bar.
• Alert.TICK – alert can be triggered after each tick
The sound parameter plays a sound when the alert is

triggered.
Valid sound values are:

• Sound.Bell
• Sound.Chimes
• Sound.Ding
• Sound.NoSound
• Sound.Ring
Example
alert(open > 400, concat("Open is greater than 400! Current
value is", open), alert.ONCE, Sound.Ring);
This example tiggers an alert when the open price becomes

higher than 400. The alert is triggered once and it plays the
ring sound.
o Referencing Data
In this section you will find tutorials that describe ways of
referencing data in the thinkscript.
Here is a list of the tutorials:

• Referencing Secondary Aggregation 24
• Referencing Historical Data 27
• Referencing Other Price Type Data 28
• Referencing Other Studies 29
• Referencing Other Symbol's Data 31
• Past Offset 32
Referencing Secondary Aggregation
In order to access data of a different aggregation period in
your code, specify the period parameter using the
corresponding Aggregation Period constant. You can also
use a pre-defined string value for this purpose: 1 min, 2
min, 3 min, 4 min, 5 min, 10 min, 15 min, 20 min, 30 min, 1
hour, 2 hours, 4 hours, Day, 2 Days, 3 Days, 4 Days, Week,
Month, Opt Exp, and <current period>.
Example
plot dailyOpen = open(period = AggregationPeriod.DAY);
This code plots daily Open price for the current symbol.
plot weeklyClose = close("IBM", period =
AggregationPeriod.WEEK);
This code plots weekly Close price for IBM.
plot yesterdayHigh = High(period =

AggregationPeriod.DAY)[1];
This code plots the High price reached on the previous

day.
All indexers with such price functions use secondary
aggregation period until you save it in some variable.
Example
plot Data = Average(close(period =
AggregationPeriod.DAY), 10);
This code returns a 10 day average of the Close price.
However,
plot dailyClose = close(period = AggregationPeriod.DAY);
plot Data = Average(dailyClose, 10);
will return an average of the Close price calculated for the

last ten bars (the aggregation period used in calculation
will depend on the current chart settings).
Note that two different secondary aggregation periods
cannot be used within a single variable. In addition, the
secondary aggregation period cannot be less than the
primary aggregation period defined by chart settings.
Example
plot Data = close(period = AggregationPeriod.MONTH) +
close(period = AggregationPeriod.WEEK);
This code will not work on a daily chart. The correct script
is:
def a = close(period = AggregationPeriod.MONTH);

def b = close(period = AggregationPeriod.WEEK);
plot Data = a + b;
Example
declare lower;
input KPeriod = 10;

input DPeriod = 10;
input slowing_period = 3;
plot FullK = Average((close(period =

AggregationPeriod.WEEK) - Lowest(low(period =
AggregationPeriod.WEEK), KPeriod)) /
(Highest(high(period = AggregationPeriod.WEEK),
KPeriod) - Lowest(low(period =
AggregationPeriod.WEEK), KPeriod)) * 100,
slowing_period);
plot FullD = Average(Average((close(period =
AggregationPeriod.WEEK) - Lowest(low(period =
AggregationPeriod.WEEK), KPeriod)) /
(Highest(high(period = AggregationPeriod.WEEK),
KPeriod) - Lowest(low(period =
AggregationPeriod.WEEK), KPeriod)) * 100,
slowing_period), DPeriod);
Example shows the Stochastic Full study using weekly
price regardless of the current chart aggregation period.
See the Stochastic Full for a detailed study description.
Referencing Historical Data
To access data in the past and in the future, you can use
each of the two possible ways.
Indexing
Positive indexes are used to refer to data in the past and
negative indexes to refer to data in the future. For
example, close[1] returns the Close price from one bar ago,
close[2] returns the Close price 2 bars ago, etc. At the same
time, close[-1] returns the Close price 1 bar forward,
close[-2] returns the Close price 2 bars forward, etc.
Example
plot momentum = close - close[5];
The example will plot a line that is the difference between

the current Close price and the Close price 5 bars ago.
Verbal Syntax
Verbal syntax allows using reserved human-readable
sentences in the script. For example, close from 2 bars ago
returns the Close price from two bars ago, close from 1 bar
ago returns the Close price one bar ago, etc. Negative
numbers refer to data in the future. For example, close
from -1 bar ago returns the Close price one bar forward,
low from -2 bars ago returns the Low price two bars
forward, etc.
Example
plot scan = close from 4 bars ago + high from 1 bar ago;
The example will plot a line that is the sum of the Close
price 5 bars ago and the High price 1 bar ago.
Referencing Other Price Type Data
In order to access data from another price type in your
code, put the priceType parameter with the name of the
aggregation period in parentheses to the Fundamentals
you want to use. Note that only Forex symbols support
different price type data, all other symbols support only
data based on the "LAST" price.
Example
plot ask = close(priceType = "ASK");
plot bid = close(priceType = "BID");
On the "MARK" price type chart for some Forex symbol

this code will give you a ask and bid plots.
Referencing Other Studies
The thinkScript allows you to reference pre-defined
studies or defined using the script reserved word in your
code. Note that currently you cannot reference user-
defined studies.
Example 1 (Using the reference reserved word)

plot SMA = reference SimpleMovingAvg;
The code will plot a simple moving average with the

default parameters of that study. For details see the
reference reserved word article.
Example 2 (Referencing a pre-defined study with

given parameters)
plot SMA = simplemovingavg(volume, 20);
This code will plot the 20 bar moving average of the

volume. To see the input parameters of a particular study,
click that study in the Edit Studies and Strategies
window. You will see available parameters listed in the
study properties section.
Example 3 (Referencing another plot in the embedded

script)
script avg {
input length = 10;
plot SMA = Average(close, length);
plot EMA = ExpAverage(close, length);
}
declare lower;
plot SMAOsc = avg(10) - avg(20);

plot EMAOsc = avg(10).EMA - avg(20).EMA;
The code will produce two moving average oscillators in a
separate subgraph. The SMA plot is omitted in the
reference because the first study plot is referenced by
default. For details see the script reserved word article.
Example 4 (Two ways of referencing studies with

constant inputs)
declare lower;
script study {
input direction = CrossingDirection.Any;
plot a = crosses(close, Average(close, 20), direction);
}
plot test1 = Study("Above");
plot test2 = Study(CrossingDirection.Below);
This script exemplifies two methods of referencing

constant inputs of the embedded study. The first plot uses
the short syntax ("Above"), while the second one uses the
full syntax (CrossingDirection.Below) by specifying the full
name of the CrossingDirection constant.
Referencing Other Symbol's Data
In order to access data from another symbol in your code,
append the name of the symbol in quotes and parentheses
to the Fundamentals you want to use.
Example
plot spread = close - close("GOOG");
The code will give you a line that is the difference between
the closing price for the symbol that you have in the chart
and the closing price for Google (GOOG).
Past Offset
When referencing historical data, one should mind a
feature called past offset. Let us study the following
example.
plot CloseOffset = close[5];
This example script will plot the Close price five bars prior
to the current bar. This calculation mechanism is obvious
for bars from the sixth through the last one, but how this
plot will be calculated for the first five bars?
Past offset is a number of additional bars from the past,
necessary for calculating a study. In this very example,
past offset is equal to five; it means that calculation will
start with the sixth bar using price data obtained from the
first five bars. However, if additional historical data is
available for the chart you are currently using, it will be
used for calculating the plot for the first five bars.
When writing a study, you might need to use several
different past offsets for expressions in your script. Let us
study the following example:
declare lower;
rec x = x[1] + 1;
plot Average11 = Average(close, 11);
plot myline = x;
In this example, variable x uses past offset equal to 1,

while function average uses past offset equal to 10. In
thinkScript, the highest past offset overrides lower offsets
in the same study, which means that all expressions in a
single study will have the same (highest) past offset. In the
example script, this offset is equal to 10 and is assigned to
both expressions. This is why the myline plot will return
11 for the first bar, not 2 as one might have expected.
Note that past offset might affect calculation mechanism of
some studies due to setting a single intialization point for
all expressions. However, if for some reason you need an
independent initialization point for an expression, you can
use the compoundValue function:
declare lower;
rec x = compoundValue(1, x[1]+1, 1);
plot ATR = average(TrueRange(high, close, low), 10);
plot myline = x;
This would explicitly set the value for the myline plot for
the first bar, and all the other values of this plot will be
calculated corresponding to it.
o Using Profiles
The TPO, Volume, and Monkey Bars profiles can be created in
thinkScript using corresponding Profile functions. You can find
the detailed description of these functions in the Profiles
section.
In order to demonstrate the use of the functions, let's create a
TPO profile study (colored blue) that aggregates all chart data
on the right expansion.
Here is the code:
def allchart = 0;
profile tpo = timeProfile("startnewprofile" = allchart);
tpo.show("color" = Color.BLUE);
Reference
The reference describes thinkscript elements (functions,
constants, declarations, etc.) required to create studies and
strategies. The items are distributed alphabetically among the
following sections: Constants, Declarations, Functions, and
Reserved Words. Each article provides the syntax, description,
and an example of use of the selected item.
All interrelated thinkscript items are cross-linked to ensure
you have the fullest information about the relations inside the
thinkscript.
Here is the list of the reference sections:
• Reserved Words 37
• Declarations 68
• Functions 78
• Constants 256
• Data Types 312
• Operators 315
• Reference
o Reserved Words 37
o Declarations 68
o Functions 78
 Fundamentals 79
 Option Related 92
 Technical Analysis 104
 Mathematical and Trigonometrical 132
 Statistical 156
 Date and Time 170
 Corporate Actions 185
 Look and Feel 191
 Profiles 220
 Others 234
o Constants 256
 Aggregation Period 257
 Alert 268
 ChartType 269
 Color 273
 CrossingDirection 283
 Curve 285
 Double 289
 EarningTime 291
 FundamentalType 293
 OrderType 297
 PaintingStrategy 299
 PricePerRow 309
 Sound 310
o Data Types 312
o Operators 315
o Reserved Words
The thinkScript supports a number of simple commands such
as for example: declare, plot, and input. These commands
control the basic behavior of your thinkScript study.
Choose your command from the list:
o above
Syntax
See the crosses reserved word article.
Description
The above reserved word is used with the crosses operator to
test if a value gets higher than another value.
o ago
Syntax
<value> from 1 bar ago
<value> from <length> bars ago
Description
This reserved word is used to specify a time offset in a human-
friendly syntax. For more information, see the Referencing
Historical Data article.
o and
Syntax
<condition1> and <condition2>
Description
The and logical operator is used to define complex conditions.
For a complex condition to be true it is required that each
condition from it is true. In order to define the operator you
can also use &&. This reserved word is also used to define an
interval in the between expression.
Example
plot InsideBar = high <high[1] and low > low[1];
InsideBar.SetPaintingStrategy(PaintingStrategy.BOOLEAN
_POINTS);
Draws a dot near each inside price bar.
o bar
Syntax
Description
Note that bar and bars reserved words can be used
interchangeably.
o bars
Syntax
Description
Note that bar and bars reserved words can be used
interchangeably.
o below
Syntax
See the crosses reserved word article.
Description
The below reserved word is used with the crosses operator to
test if a value becomes less than another value.
o between
Syntax
<parameter> between <value1> and <value2>
Description
This reserved word is used in the between logical expression.
It tests if the specified parameter is within the range of value1
and value2 (inclusive). The thinkscript also has the between
function with a different syntax and usage.
Example
declare lower;
def isIn = close between close[1] * 0.9 and close[1] * 1.1;
plot isOut = !isIn;
In this example between is used to check whether the current

closing price hits the 10% channel of the previous closing
price. The isOut plot reflects the opposite condition.
o case
Syntax
See the switch statement.
Description
The reserved word is used in combination with the switch
statement to define a condition.
o crosses
Syntax
<value1> crosses above <value2>
<value1> crosses below <value2>
<value1> crosses <value2>
Description
This reserved word is used as a human-readable version of the
Crosses function. It tests if value1 gets higher or lower than
value2.
Example
plot Avg = Average(close, 10);
plot ArrowUp = close crosses above Avg;
plot ArrowDown = close crosses below Avg;
plot Cross = close crosses Avg;
ArrowUp.SetPaintingStrategy(PaintingStrategy.BOOLEAN_ARR
OW_UP);
ArrowDown.SetPaintingStrategy(PaintingStrategy.BOOLEAN_
ARROW_DOWN);
Cross.SetPaintingStrategy(PaintingStrategy.BOOLEAN_POINTS
);
This code plots up arrows indicating the bars at which the

Close price gets higher than its 10 period average, and down
arrows at which the Close price gets lower than its 10 period
average.
The same result can be achieved by using the Crosses function:

plot ArrowUp = Crosses(close, Avg, CrossingDirection.Above);
plot ArrowDown = Crosses(close, Avg,
CrossingDirection.Below);
plot Cross = Crosses(close, Avg, CrossingDirection.Any);
ArrowUp.SetPaintingStrategy(PaintingStrategy.BOOLEAN_ARR
OW_UP);
ArrowDown.SetPaintingStrategy(PaintingStrategy.BOOLEAN_
ARROW_DOWN);
);
Example
plot Cross = close crosses Avg;
);
This code plots arrows indicating the bars at which the Close
price gets higher or lower than its 10 period average. The
equivalent code is:

plot Cross = close crosses above Avg or close crosses below
Avg;
);
o declare
Syntax
declare <supported_declaration_name>
Description
The declare keyword is a method for telling the chart
something basic about the appearance of the study or strategy
you are creating. You can find the list of supported
declarations in the Declarations section.
Example
declare lower;
plot PriceOsc = Average(close, 9) - Average(close, 18);
The example shows how to use one of the most commonly

used declations called lower. For other examples on
declarations, see the Declarations section.
o def
Syntax
def <variable_name>=<expression>;
or
def <variable_name>;
<variable_name>=<expression>;
Description
Defines a variable you would like to work with.
Example
def base = Average(close, 12);
plot UpperBand = base * 1.1;
plot LowerBand = base * 0.9;
This example shows a simplified SMAEnvelope study, where

the def reserved word is used to define the base. The rational
of defining this variable is to avoid double calculations
(increase performance) in UppderBand and LowerBand plots,
because def variable values are cached (by means of increasing
memory usage).
You can separate the variable definition from its value
assignment as shown in the following example where a
variable value is assigned depending on the selected
averageType input value.
See the Defining Variables section for more details.
input averageType = {default SMA, EMA};
def base;
switch (averageType) {
case SMA:
base = Average(close, 12);
case EMA:
base = ExpAverage(close, 12);
}
plot UpperBand = base * 1.1;
plot LowerBand = base * 0.9;
o default
Syntax
See the enum rec, enum input, and switch statements.
Description
The default reserved word is used in combination with the
enum rec, enum input, and switch statements to specify a
default value.
o do
Syntax
def <result> = fold <index> = <start> to <end> with <variable>
[ = <init> ] [ while <condition> ] do <expression>;
Description
This reserved word defines an action to be performed when
calculating the fold function. For more information, see the fold
reserved word article.
o else
Syntax
See the if reserved word article.
Description
The else reserved word is used to specify an additional
condition in the if-expression and if-statement.
o equals
Syntax
equals
Description
The reserved word is used as a logic operator to test equality
of values. In order to define this operator you can also use the
double equals sign ==.
Example
plot Doji = open equals close;
Doji.SetPaintingStrategy(PaintingStrategy.BOOLEAN_POINTS);
The code draws points on bars having the Doji pattern (equal
close and open).
o fold
Syntax
Description
The fold operator allows you to perform iterated calculations
similarly to the for loop. It uses variable to store the result of
the calculation. The initial value of variable is defined by init; if
it is omitted, variable is initialized to zero.
The index is iterated from start (inclusive) to end (exclusive)
with step 1. At each iteration, expression is calculated and
assigned to variable. Value of index and previous value of
variable can be used in expression. The value of variable after
the last iteration is returned and can be used in assignments
and expressions.
You can also specify a condition upon violation of which the
loop is terminated.
Example 1
input n = 10;
plot factorial = fold index = 1 to n + 1 with p = 1 do p * index;
Calculates the factorial of a number.
Example 2
input length = 9;
plot SMA = (fold n = 0 to length with s do s + getValue(price, n,
length - 1)) / length;
Calculates the simple moving average using fold.
Example 3
plot NextHigh = fold i = 0 to 100 with price = Double.NaN while
IsNaN(price) do if getValue(high, -i) > 40 then getValue(high, -
i) else Double.NaN;
Finds the next High price value greater than 40 among the
following 100 bars.
o from
Syntax
Description
o if
Syntax (if-expression)
plot <plot_name> = if <condition>
then <expression1>
else <expression2>;
plot <plot_name> = if <condition1>

then <expression1>
else if <condition2>
then <expression2>
else <expression3>;
Syntax (if-statement)
plot <plot_name>;
if <condition> [then] {
<plot_name> = <expression1>;
} else {
}
plot <plot_name>;
if <condition1> [then] {
<plot_name > = <expression1>;
} else {
if <condition2> [then] {
} else {
}
}
Description
As a reserved word, if is used in if-expressions and if-
statements to specify a condition. If-expression always
calculates both then and else branches, while if-statement
calculates either of these, depending on the condition. In
thinkScript, there is also if-function having syntax and usage
different from those of the reserved word. The if-expression
can also be used in other functions such as, for example,
AssignValueColor, AssignPriceColor, etc. Note that you can also
use the def and rec instead of plot in the syntax provided
above.
Example
input long_average = yes;
plot SimpleAvg = Average(price, if long_average then 26 else

12);
plot ExpAvg;
if long_average {
ExpAvg = ExpAverage(price, 26);
} else {
ExpAvg = ExpAverage(price, 12);
}
In this example, if-expression and if-statement are used to

control the length parameter of moving averages.
o input
Most studies are adjustable in terms of length, bounds, or
levels. You can create an adjustable parameter for your
thinkScript study using the input reserved word.
When defining inputs take the following notes into
consideration:
• Inputs are displayed on the GUI in the same order as they
appear in the source code.
• Inputs titles are always displayed on the GUI in the
lowercase. The following two definitions are similar on the
GUI.
Code snippet 1
input test = "test in lowercase";
Code snippet 2
input TEST = "test in uppercase";
• Inputs can't have empty spaces in their definitions. The
following code will result in compilation error.
input "input name with spaces" = "ERROR";
In order to have titles displayed on the GUI with spaces
you can do one of the following:
Code snippet 3
input inputNameWithSpaces = "OK";
Code snippet 4
input input_name_with_spaces = "OK";
Find the full list of inputs in the following list:

• boolean
• constant
• enum
• float
• integer
• price
• string
boolean
Profile: Studies and Strategies
Syntax
input <input name>=<boolean_value_used_by_default>;
Description
Defines a boolean input. The default value of the input can
either be "yes" or "no".
Example
input useHighLow = yes;
plot HighPrice = if useHighLow then Highest(high, 10) else

Highest(close, 10);
plot LowPrice = if useHighLow then Lowest(low, 10) else
Lowest(close, 10);
Draws the channel based on the highest and lowest price

for the length equal to 10. Whether to use or not the high
and low prices instead of the closing price can be defined
using the correspondent input, which is set to "yes" by
default.
constant
Syntax
input <input name>=<constant_used_by_default>;
Description
Defines an input expressed by a constant of particular
type. For the full list of supported constants, see the
Constants section.
Note that color constants cannot be used for input
definition.
Example
input secondaryPeriod = AggregationPeriod.DAY;
plot SecondaryPeriodOpen = open(period =
secondaryPeriod);
This example script draws the Open price plot with

specified aggregation period.
enum
Syntax
input <input name>={default
<enum_value_used_by_default>, <enum_value_1>, ...
<enum_value_N>};
Description
Defines an enum input of string values. In order to define
the input it is required to:
• have all values specified in braces;
• avoid equal values;
• have one value (not necessarily first) specified with
the default reserved word which defines the default
value for the input;
• place a value in double quotes if it contains a space
symbol.
Example
input averageType = {default SMA, EMA, "Wilder's
Average"};
plot Avg;
case SMA:
Avg = Average(close, 10);
case EMA:
Avg = ExpAverage(close, 10);
case "Wilder's Average":
Avg = WildersAverage(close, 10);
}
Draws the moving average based on the closing price with

length equal to 10. The type of the moving average can be
changed using the correspondent input, which is set to
"SMA" by default. See other examples on inputs in the
Fundamentals section.
float
Syntax
input <input name>=<float_number_used_by_default>;
Description
Defines a float input. Note that in order to define this input
you need to use a fullstop as a delimiter in its default
value.
Example
input percentShift = 10.0;
plot UpperBand = close * (1 + percentShift / 100);

plot LowerBand = close * (1 - percentShift / 100);
Draws the envelope based on the closing price. The
percent shift value can be adjusted using the
correspondent input, which is set to 10.0 by default.
integer
Syntax
input <input name>=<integer_number_used_by_default>;
Description
Defines an integer input.
Example
input length = 10;
plot SMA = Average(close, length);

Draws the SMA using the close price data. The length value
can be adjusted using the correspondent input, which is
set to 10 by default
price
Syntax
input <input name>=<price_value_used_by_default>;
Description
Defines a price input.
Valid parameters for the price type are:

• open
• high
• low
• close
• hl2
• hlc3
• ohlc4
• volume
Example
plot EMA = ExpAverage(price, 10);

Draws the EMA with the length equal to 10. The type of
price data can be adjusted using the correspondent input,
which is set to "close" by default.
string
Syntax
input <input name>="<string_value_used_by_default>";
Description
Defines a string input. Note that in order to have this input
defined you need to specify double quotes in its default
value.
Example
input symbol = "SPX";
plot Comparison = close(symbol);

Draws the comparison plot based on the closing price. The
symbol for the comparison plot can be adjusted using the
correspondent input, which is set to "SPX" by default.
o no
Syntax
no
Description
The no reserved word is used as a value for the boolean input
or as the false condition. In order to define the false condition,
you can also use the 0 value.
Example
plot Price = if no then high else low;
Since the condition is always false, the low plot is always
displayed.
o or
Syntax
or
Description
The reserved word is used to define complex conditions. For a
complex condition to be true it is required that at least one
condition from it is true.
Example
input NumberOfBars = 3;
rec barsUp = if close > close[1] then barsUp[1] + 1 else 0;
rec barsDown = if close < close[1] then barsDown[1] + 1 else 0;
plot ConsecutiveBars = barsUp >= NumberOfBars or barsDown
>= NumberOfBars;
ConsecutiveBars.SetPaintingStrategy(PaintingStrategy.BOOLE
AN_POINTS);
This example highlights bars having the closing price lower

than the closing price of the specified number of previous bars
with a dot.
o plot
Syntax
plot <plot_name>=<expression>;
or
plot <plot_name>;
<plot_name>=<expression>;
Description
Renders the data you are working with on the chart. For more
information about the reserved word, see the Formatting Plots
tutorial.
Example
This example draws a simple moving average study plot.

You can separate the plot definition from its value assignment
as shown in the following example where a plot value is
assigned depending on the selected averageType input value.
input averageType = {default SMA, EMA};
plot MA;
case SMA:
MA = Average(close, 12);
case EMA:
MA = ExpAverage(close, 12);
}
o profile
Syntax
profile <variable_name>=<expression>;
or
profile <variable_name>;
<variable_name>=<expression>;
Description
Defines a profile to be displayed on the chart.
o rec
Syntax
rec
Description
Enables you to reference a historical value of a variable that
you are calculating in the study or strategy itself. Rec is short
for "recursion".
See the Defining Variables section for more details.
Example
rec C = C[1] + volume;
plot CumulativeVolume = C;
This example plots the cumulative volume starting from the

beginning of the time period.
o reference
Syntax
reference <StudyName>(parameter1=value1,..,
parameterN=valueN).<PlotName>
Description
References a plot from another script. Note that the reference
reserved word can be dropped but in this case parenthesis are
necessary.
Full form:
plot MyMACD = reference MACDHistogram;
Compressed form:
plot MyMACD = MACDHistogram();
The reference reserved work is required to distinguish the
VWAP study from the vwap function, MoneyFlow study from
the moneyflow function.
Calling the vwap function:
plot MyVWAP1 = vwap;
Referenicing the VWAP study:
plot MyVWAP1 = reference VWAP;
If the plot name is not defined, study's main plot should be
referenced (main is the first declared in the source code). If
parameters values are not defined, default values should be
used. Inputs' names can be dropped only for ThinkScript
studies, because they have fixed order of inputs in the code:
Full form:
plot MyBB2 = BollingerBandsSMA(price = open, displace = 0,

length = 30);
Compact form:
plot MyBB = BollingerBandsSMA(open, 0, 30);
Example
The following example references def and rec instead of the
plot as shown at the top of the article.
def st = ATRTrailingStop().state;
AssignPriceColor(if st == 1
then GetColor(1)
else if st == 2
then GetColor(0)
else Color.CURRENT);
def bs = !IsNaN(close) and ATRTrailingStop().BuySignal ==
yes;
def ss = !IsNaN(close) and ATRTrailingStop().SellSignal == yes;
AddVerticalLine(bs or ss, if bs then "Buy!" else "Sell!", if bs then
GetColor(0) else GetColor(1));
st is the reference to the state enum rec from the

ATRTrailingStop study, bs and ss are references to the
BuySignal and SellSignal def from the same study.
o script
Syntax
script <script_name> { <script_code>; }
Description
This reserved word is used to define new scripts you may need
to reference later within a certain study or strategy.
Example
script MyEMA {
input data = close;
input length = 12;
rec EMA = compoundValue(1, 2 / (length + 1) * data +
(length - 1) / (length + 1) * EMA[1], Average(data, length));
plot MyEma = EMA;
}
declare lower;
plot Osc = MyEMA(close, 25) - MyEMA(close, 50);
This code defines the MyEma script where the first EMA value
is calculated as SMA in contrast to the ExpAverage function
whose first value is assigned the closing price. The main
section of the code creates an oscillator based on the MyEMA
difference for different lenghts.
o switch
Syntax
plot <plot_name>;
switch (<enum input or enum_rec>) {
case <enum value1>:
...
default:
<plot_name> = <expression>;
}
Description
The switch statement is used to control the flow of program
execution via a multiway branch using the enum rec, and enum
input. In the switch statement you either need to define the
case with all values from the enum. Or you can use the default
statement to define actions for all enums that are not defined
using the case. Note that in this approach you cannot use case
with equal enums.
Example
input plot_type = {default SMA, "Red EMA", "Green EMA",
WMA};
plot Avg;
switch (plot_type) {
case SMA:
Avg = Average(price);
case WMA:
Avg = wma(price);
default:
Avg = ExpAverage(price);
}
Avg.SetDefaultColor(
if plot_type == plot_type."Red EMA" then color.RED else
if plot_type == plot_type."Green EMA" then color.GREEN else
color.BLUE);
This example illustrates the usage of the switch reserved word
to assign different values to plots. The default keyword must
be used unless all possible values of variable are explicitly
listed.
o then
Syntax
See the if reserved word article.
Description
The reserved word is used to specify an action to be performed
when the if condition is satisfied. This reserved word is used
only in combination with the if statement.
o to
Syntax
Description
The reserved word is used to define an interval to be used
when calculating the fold function. For more information, see
the fold reserved word article.
o while
Syntax
Description
This reserved word defines a condition upon violation of
which the loop is terminated when calculating the fold
function. For more information, see the fold reserved word
article.
o with
Syntax
Description
The reserved word is used to define an iteration step value in
the fold function. For more information, see the fold reserved
word article.
o yes
Syntax
yes
Description
The yes reserved word is used as a value for the boolean input
or as the true condition. In order to define the true condition,
you can also use 1 or any non-zero number.
Example
input DisplayPlot = yes;
plot Data = close;
Data.SetHiding(!DisplayPlot);
In this study, DisplayPlot input controls visibility of plot. Its
default value is yes.
o Declarations
Declarations are responsible for basic operations performed
with charts such as changing the recalculation mode or setting
the minimal chart value to zero. An important difference of
declarations from other thinkscript items is that in order to
define a declaration you need to use the declare reserved
word.
The section contains the following declarations:
• all_for_one
• hide_on_daily
• hide_on_intraday
• lower
• on_volume
• once_per_bar
• real_size
• upper
• weak_volume_dependency
• zerobase
o all_for_one
Syntax
declare all_for_one;
Description
Keeps the volume value either in all price inputs or in none of
them. This function is used to prevent visualizing irrelevant
data in case the volume value does not combine with other
price input values.
Example (Price Envelopes)

declare all_for_one;
input HighPrice = high;

input LowPrice = low;
plot UpperBand = Average(HighPrice) * 1.1;

plot LowerBand = Average(LowPrice) * 0.9;
This example plots the high and low price envelopes at 10

percent above and below for the 12 day simple moving
average. If you change the inputs to close and volume, the
all_for_one declaration will automatically change the HighPrice
and LowPrice inputs to the two volumes because the close and
volume in combination lead to irrelevant data. As a result, the
two volume values will be plotted.
Usage in:
SMAEnvelope; StochasticFast; StochasticFull; StochasticSlow.
o hide_on_daily
Syntax
declare hide_on_daily;
Description
Hides a study on charts with aggregation periods equal to or
greater than 1 day.
Example
declare hide_on_daily;
plot SMA = average(close);

SMA.AssignValueColor(GetColor(secondsFromTime(0) /
3600));
This study plots SMA of Close price and assigns a different

color to the plot each hour. Due to declaration, this study will
be hidden on daily charts.
o hide_on_intraday
Syntax
declare hide_on_intraday;
Description
Hides a study on intraday charts (time charts with aggregation
period less than 1 day and tick charts).
Example (Implied Volatility)

declare lower;
plot ImpVol = IMP_VOLATILITY();
By definition, data for implied volatility is not available for

intraday charts. Therefore, you can use the declaration to
automatically hide studies on this type of charts.
Usage in:
ImpVolatility; OpenInterest.
o lower
Syntax
declare lower;
Description
Places a study on the lower subgraph. This declaration is used
when your study uses values that are considerably lower or
higher than price history or volume values.
Example (Price Oscillator)

declare lower;
input fastLength = 9;
input slowLength = 18;
plot PriceOsc = Average(price, fastLength) - Average(price,
slowLength);
The example plots the difference between the two average

values calculated on 9 and 18-bar intervals. The result value is
lower compared to the price value. Therefore, it is reasonable
to put the plot on the lower subgraph to avoid scaling the main
chart.
Usage in:
Multiple
o on_volume
Syntax
declare on_volume;
Description
Places a plot on the volume subgraph.
General Information
By default, the application automatically defines where to
place a study. If the study contains volume values and values
not related to the base subgraph, then this study is displayed
on the volume subgraph, otherwise it is displayed on the base
subgraph.
However, it may be required to forcibly place the study on the
volume subgraph regardless of the values you are using.
Example (Volume Accumulation on the Volume Subgraph)

declare on_volume;
plot VolumeAccumulation = (close - (high + low) / 2) * volume;
The code in the example contains both volume and base

subgraph related values. In order to place the study on the
volume subgraph, the code uses the on_volume declaration. To
study an example that uses only non-volume values, see the
real_size function article.
Usage in:
OpenInterest.
o once_per_bar
Syntax
declare once_per_bar;
Description
Changes the recalculation mode of a study. By default, last
study values are recalculated after each tick. If this declaration
is applied, the study is forced to recalculate the last values only
once per bar. This declaration can be used to reduce CPU usage
for studies which do not need to be recalculated per each tick.
Example
declare once_per_bar;
input time = 0930;
AddVerticalLine(secondsFromTime(time)[1] < 0 &&
secondsFromTime(time) >= 0, concat("", time));
This study plots a verical line at the specified time point in EST
time zone for each day. Since the time value is fixed, there is no
need to recalculate the study after each tick.
o real_size
Syntax
declare real_size;
Description
Forces a study to use axis of either base subgraph or volume
subgraph. Note that the axis of the volume subgraph can be
used in case you use only volume values in your study.
General Information
Studies always use the axis of the subgraph where you plot
them except for the following two cases when the native plot
axis are used:
• Study that is created for a separate subgraph (using the
lower declaration) is moved to the base or volume
subgraph using the On base subgraph check box;
• Study that is placed on the base subgraph by default is
forcibly moved to the volume subgraph (using the
on_volume declaration).
For the described two cases it may be required to use the axis
of the volume or base subgraph, instead of the native plot axis.
Example
declare real_size;
declare on_volume;
plot Data = open_interest();
In the code above, in order to use the axis of the volume

subgraph, you specify the real_size declaration.
Usage in:
OpenInterest; ProbabilityOfExpiringCone.
o upper
Syntax
declare upper;
Description
Enables you to place a study either on the base subgraph or on
the volume subgraph. Note that a study is placed on the
volume subgraph in case only volume values are used in the
study. This declaration is applied by default to all studies not
containing the lower and on_volume declarations.

declare upper;
input length = 9;
plot AvgWtd = wma(price, length);
In this example, the upper declaration places the weighted

moving average plot on the main chart.
o weak_volume_dependency
Syntax
declare weak_volume_dependency;
Description
Places a study on the volume subgraph when at least one
volume value is used.
Example (Keltner Channels)

declare weak_volume_dependency;
input factor = 1.5;
input length = 20;
def shift = factor * AvgTrueRange(high, close, low, length);

def average = Average(price, length);
plot Avg = average;

plot Upper_Band = average + shift;
plot Lower_Band = average - shift;
Consider you are analyzing data that contains both volume and
base subgraph related values using the code provided above.
You want to display the plot on the base subgraph except for
cases when you use at least one volume value. For the latter
case, you would like to use the volume subgraph. In order to
implement the logics, you use the weak_volume_declaration. If
you use the close price input in the code, the study will be
displayed on the base subgraph. If you use the volume price
input, then there is a weak volume dependency and the study
will be displayed on the volume subgraph.
Usage in:
KeltnerChannels; STARCBands.
o zerobase
Syntax
declare zerobase;
Description
Sets the minimal value on a study axis to zero if there are no
negative values in the study.

declare zerobase;
declare lower;
plot Vol = Volume;
In this example, the Vol plot contains no negative values. It is
reasonable to set the minimum value on the study axis to zero
using the zerobase declaration.
Usage in:
AwesomeOscillator; SpectrumBars; Volume; VolumeAvg.
o Functions
Similar to functions in programming languages, each
thinkscript function receives input parameters and produces a
result. In thinkscript the parameters can be specified in any
order. For example plot SMA = average(data = close, length =
50) and plot SMA = average(length = 50, data = close) produce
the same result.
All the functions are spread among the following sections:
• Fundamentals 79
• Option Related 92
• Technical Analysis 104
• Mathematical and Trigonometrical 132
• Statistical 156
• Date and Time 170
• Corporate Actions 185
• Look and Feel 191
• Profiles 220
• Others 234
o Fundamentals
Trading analysis tightly relates to close, open, low, or high
values. The thinkscript contains functions to work with these
values. In addition, there are functions to work with data such
as implied volatility, open interest, volume weighted average,
and volume. All of them are collected in this section.
Here is the full list:

• ask
• bid
• close
• high
• hl2
• hlc3
• imp_volatility
• low
• ohlc4
• open
• open_interest
• volume
• vwap
ask
Syntax
ask
Description
Returns current value of ask price for current symbol. This
function is only available in thinkScript integration
features: Custom Quotes, Study Alerts, and Conditional
Orders.
Example
plot spread = ask - bid;
AssignBackgroundColor(if spread < 0.05 then
Color.GREEN else if spread < 0.25 then Color.YELLOW else
Color.RED);
This example script is used as a custom quote. It calculates

a bid-ask spread and assigns different colors according to
its value.
Note that you cannot reference historical data using this
function, e.g. ask[1] is an invalid expression.
bid
Syntax
bid
Description
Returns current value of bid price for current symbol. This
function is only available in thinkScript integration
features: Custom Quotes, Study Alerts, and Conditional
Orders.
Example
plot "Diff, %" = round(100 * ((bid + ask) / 2 - close) /
close, 2);
AssignBackgroundColor(if "Diff, %" > 0 then Color.UPTICK
else if "Diff, %" < 0 then Color.DOWNTICK else
Color.GRAY);
This example script is used as a custom quote. It calculates

percentage difference between mark and last prices and
assigns colors according to its sign.
Note that you cannot reference historical data using this
function, e.g. bid[1] is an invalid expression.
close
Syntax
close(String symbol, Any period, String priceType);
Default values:
• symbol: "<currently selected symbol>"
• period: "<current period>"
• priceType: "<current type>"
Description
Returns the Close price for the specific symbol,
aggregation period and price type. You can use both
Aggregation Period constants and pre-defined string
values (e.g. Day, 2 Days, Week, Month, etc.) as valid
parameters for the aggregation period. The full list of the
pre-defined string values can be found in the Referencing
Secondary Aggregation article.
• LAST
• MARK, ASK, BID (for Forex symbols only)
Example
declare lower;
input symbol = {default "IBM", "GOOG/3", "(2*IBM -

GOOG/6 + GE)/2"} ;
plot PriceClose = close(symbol);
Draws the close plot of either IBM, GOOG divided by three,

or a composite price consisting of IBM, GOOG, and GE.
Each of the symbols can be selected in the Edit Studies
dialog.
Usage in:
AdvanceDecline; Alpha2; AlphaJensen; Beta; Beta2; Correlation;
CumulativeVolumeIndex; DailyHighLow; McClellanOscillator;
McClellanSummationIndex; PairCorrelation; PairRatio; PersonsPivots;
RelativeStrength; Spreads; WoodiesPivots.
high
Syntax
high(String symbol, Any period, String priceType);
Default values:
Description
Returns the High price for the specific symbol, aggregation
period and price type. You can use both Aggregation
Period constants and pre-defined string values (e.g. Day, 2
Days, Week, Month, etc.) as valid parameters for the
aggregation period. The full list of the pre-defined string
values can be found in the Referencing Secondary
Aggregation article.
• LAST
Example
declare lower;
input symbol = "IBM";

plot PriceHigh = high(symbol);
This example script plots High price for IBM.
Usage in:
DailyHighLow; PersonsPivots; WoodiesPivots.
hl2
Syntax
hl2(String symbol, Any period, String priceType);
Default values:
Description
Returns (High + Low)/2. You can use both Aggregation
Example
declare lower;

input period = AggregationPeriod.WEEK;
plot MedianPrice = hl2(symbol, period);
This example script plots weekly median price for IBM.

hlc3
Syntax
hlc3(String symbol, Any period, String priceType);
Default values:
Description
Returns the typical price (arithmetical mean of High, Low,
and Close price values) for the specific symbol, aggregation
• LAST
Example
plot TypicalPrice = hlc3;
This example script draws the typical price plot.

imp_volatility
Syntax
imp_volatility(String symbol, Any period, String
priceType);
Default values:
Description
Returns the implied volatility for the specific symbol,
• LAST
Example
declare lower;
plot ImpliedVolatility = imp_volatility();
Draws the implied volatility plot for the current symbol.
Usage in:
ImpVolatility.
low
Syntax
low(String symbol, Any period, String priceType);
Default values:
Description
Returns the Low price for the specific symbol, aggregation
• LAST
Example
plot LowDaily = low(period = AggregationPeriod.DAY);
plot LowWeekly = low(period =
plot LowMonthly = low(period =
AggregationPeriod.MONTH);
This example script draws daily, weekly, and monthly Low

price plots for the current symbol.
Usage in:
DailyHighLow; PersonsPivots; WoodiesPivots.
ohlc4
Syntax
ohlc4(String symbol, Any period, String priceType);
Default values:
Description
Returns the (Open + High + Low + Close)/4 value for the
specific symbol, aggregation period and price type. You can
use both Aggregation Period constants and pre-defined
string values (e.g. Day, 2 Days, Week, Month, etc.) as valid
Example
plot OHLCMean = ohlc4;
This example script plots the arithmetical mean of Open,
High, Low and Close price values.
open
Syntax
open(String symbol, Any period, String priceType);
Default values:
Description
Returns the Open price for the specific symbol, aggregation
• LAST
Example
input symbol = "EUR/USD";
input period = AggregationPeriod.MONTH;
input price_type = {default "LAST", "BID", "ASK", "MARK"};
plot Data = open(symbol, period, price_type);
This example script plots daily Open price plot for

EUR/USD with LAST price type.
Usage in:
DailyOpen; WoodiesPivots.
open_interest
Syntax
open_interest(String symbol, Any period, String
priceType);
Default values:
Description
Returns the open interest value for the specific symbol,
• LAST
Example
declare lower;
plot OpenInterest = open_interest();
This example script draws the open interest plot for the
current symbol.
Usage in:
OpenInterest.
volume
Syntax
volume(String symbol, Any period, String priceType);
Default values:
Description
Returns the volume value for the specific symbol,
• LAST
Example
declare lower;
input divider = 1000000;

plot VolumeDivided = volume / divider;
VolumeDivided.SetPaintingStrategy(PaintingStrategy.
HISTOGRAM);
This example script plots the histogram of volume value

divided by a specified number. By default, the divider is
equal to 1000000.
vwap
Syntax
vwap(String symbol, Any period, String priceType);
Default values:
Description
Returns the volume weighted average price value for the
specific symbol, aggregation period and price type. You can
use both Aggregation Period constants and pre-defined
string values (e.g. Day, 2 Days, Week, Month, etc.) as valid
• LAST
Example
plot DailyVWAP = vwap(period = AggregationPeriod.DAY);
plot WeeklyVWAP = vwap(period =
plot MonthlyVWAP = vwap(period =
This example script plots daily, weekly, and monthly

VolumeWeightedAveragePrice values for the current
symbol.
o Option Related
This section contains functions to work with options.
• delta
• gamma
• getDaysToExpiration
• getStrike
• getUnderlyingSymbol
• isEuropean
• isOptionable
• isPut
• optionPrice
• rho
• theta
• vega
delta
Syntax
delta(IDataHolder Underlying Price, IDataHolder
Volatility);
Default values:
• Underlying Price: close(getUnderlyingSymbol())
• Volatility: imp_volatility(getUnderlyingSymbol())
Description
Calculates the delta option greek.
Example
declare lower;
def epsilon = 0.01 * close(getUnderlyingSymbol());
plot approxDelta = (optionPrice(underlyingPrice =
close(getUnderlyingSymbol()) + epsilon) - optionPrice()) /
epsilon;
plot Delta = delta();
This example illustrates the approximate calculation of

delta by dividing a change in the theoretical option price
by a change in the underlying symbol price.
Usage in:
OptionDelta.
gamma
Syntax
gamma(IDataHolder Underlying Price, IDataHolder
Volatility);
Default values:
Description
Calculates the gamma option greek.
Example
def shift = 0.1*close(getUnderlyingSymbol());
plot theoreticalprice = optionPrice(underlyingPrice =
close(getUnderlyingSymbol()) + shift);
plot firstorder = optionPrice() + shift * delta();
plot secondorder = firstorder + shift*shift/2 * gamma();
This example illustrates the use of the gamma function to

calculate changes in the theoretical option price when the
underlying symbol price changes significantly. While the
expression using delta is only a rough estimate of the
resulting price, taking gamma into account results in much
better approximation.
Usage in:
OptionGamma.
getDaysToExpiration
Syntax
getDaysToExpiration();
Description
Returns the number of days till the expiration of the
current option.
Example
input weeks = 4;
AddChartBubble(
getDaysToExpiration() == 7 * weeks + 1,
high,
concat("Weeks till expiration: ", weeks),
color.YELLOW,
yes
);
AddChartBubble(
getDaysToExpiration() == 1,
high,
"Expiration Friday",
color.RED,
yes
);
This script shows two bubbles on the option chart: the red
one indicating the Expiration Friday and the yellow one
indicating a bar four weeks prior to the Expiration Friday.
getStrike
Syntax
getStrike();
Description
Returns the strike price for the current option.
Example
input strike_price_interval = 5;
input steps = 1;
plot OtherPrice = optionPrice(getStrike() + steps *
strike_price_interval);
This example plots the theoretical price of an option with a

different strike.
getUnderlyingSymbol
Syntax
getUnderlyingSymbol();
Description
Returns the underlying symbol for the current option.
Example
AddChartLabel(yes, concat(concat(getSymbolPart(), " is an
option for "), getUnderlyingSymbol()));
This script adds a chart label showing the underlying

symbol for the current option.
isEuropean
Syntax
isEuropean();
Description
Returns true if the current option is European, false if
American.
Example
AddChartLabel(yes, concat(concat("This is ", if
isEuropean() then "a European" else "an American"), "
style option."));
For option symbols, this example displays a label

informing whether it is an American or a European style
option.
isOptionable
Syntax
isOptionable();
Description
Returns true if the current symbol is optionable, false -
otherwise.
Example
AddChartLabel(isOptionable(), concat("IV: ",
concat(imp_volatility() * 100, "%")));
Displays a label for optionable symbols showing the

implied volatility in percentage.
isPut
Syntax
isPut();
Description
Returns true if the current option is PUT, false if CALL.
Example
plot Opposite = optionPrice(isPut = !isPut());
This example plots theoretical price of an option with the

same underlying, strike price, and expiration but the
opposite right.
optionPrice
Syntax
optionPrice(IDataHolder strike, IDataHolder isPut,
IDataHolder daysToExpiration, IDataHolder
underlyingPrice, IDataHolder Volatility, double
isEuropean, double yield, double interestRate);
Default values:
• strike: getStrike()
• isPut: isPut()
• daysToExpiration: getDaysToExpiration()
• underlyingPrice: close(getUnderlyingSymbol())
• isEuropean: isEuropean()
• yield: getYield()
• interestRate: getInterestRate()
Description
Calculates the theoretical option price. By default, this
function uses implied volatility averaged over different
options for the underlying, so the returned result is
approximate.
Example
input underlying = "ORCL";
input strike = 21.0;
input expiration_date = 20101220;
input is_put = no;
input interest_rate = 0.06;
input yield = 0.0;
input is_european = no;
plot TheoOptPrice = optionPrice(strike, is_put,

daysTillDate(expiration_date), close(underlying),
imp_volatility(underlying), is_european, yield,
interest_rate);
This script plots the theoretical price of Oracle December
2010 call option with $21 strike and interest rate of 6%.
Usage in:
TheoreticalOptionPrice.
rho
Syntax
rho(IDataHolder Underlying Price, IDataHolder Volatility);
Default values:
Description
Calculates the rho option greek.
Example
declare lower;
def epsilon = 0.0001;
plot approxRho = (optionPrice(interestRate =
getInterestRate() + epsilon) - optionPrice()) / epsilon /
100;
plot Rho = rho();

rho by dividing a change in the theoretical option price by
a change in the risk-free interest rate.
Usage in:
OptionRho.
theta
Syntax
theta(IDataHolder Underlying Price, IDataHolder
Volatility);
Default values:
Description
Calculates the theta option greek.
Example
declare lower;
plot approxTheta = (optionPrice() -
optionPrice(daysToExpiration = getDaysToExpiration() +
1));
plot Theta = theta();
theta by finding a change in the theoretical option price
produced by increasing the time to expiration by one day.
Usage in:
OptionTheta.
vega
Syntax
vega(IDataHolder Underlying Price, IDataHolder
Volatility);
Default values:
Description
Calculates the vega option greek.
Example
declare lower;
def epsilon = 0.01 *
imp_volatility(getUnderlyingSymbol());
plot approxVega = (optionPrice(Volatility =
imp_volatility(getUnderlyingSymbol()) + epsilon) -
optionPrice()) / epsilon / 100;
plot Vega = vega();

vega by dividing a change in the theoretical option price by
a change in implied volatility of the underlying.
Usage in:
OptionVega.
o Technical Analysis
Functions featured in the adjacent sections relate to analysis
indirectly. For example, the look and feel functions help you
paint a chart to achieve better visualization, fundamentals
provide functions to work with data and so on. However, these
functions cannot solve direct technical analysis tasks.
Technical analysis functions address this task.
Here is the full list of the functions:

• AccumDist
• Average
• AvgTrueRange
• BodyHeight
• Ema2
• ExpAverage
• FastKCustom
• GetMaxValueOffset
• GetMinValueOffset
• Highest
• HighestAll
• HighestWeighted
• IsAscending
• IsDescending
• IsDoji
• IsLongBlack
• IsLongWhite
• Lowest
• LowestAll
• LowestWeighted
• MidBodyVal
• moneyflow
• TrueRange
• Ulcer
• WildersAverage
• wma
AccumDist
Syntax
AccumDist(IDataHolder high, IDataHolder close,
IDataHolder low, IDataHolder open, IDataHolder volume);
Description
Returns the Accumulation/Distribution value.
General Information
Some studies, for example the AccDist, use the simplified
formula to calculate the Accumulation/Distribution. The
formula does not contain open prices.
Example
script AccumDistTS {
input high = high;
input close = close;
input low = low;
input open = open;
input volume = volume;
plot AccumDistTS = TotalSum(if high - low > 0 then
(close - open) / (high - low) * volume else 0);
}
declare lower;
plot AccumDist1 = AccumDist(high, close, low, open,
volume);
plot AccumDist2 = AccumDistTS(high, close, low, open,
volume);
The example calculates the Accumulation/Distribution

with the help of the AccumDist and AccumDistTS
functions. The AccumDistTS function is implemented using
the thinkScript and the AccumDist is a regular built-in
function. Both the functions provide equal results that are
represented by a single plot.
Usage in:
AccumDistPrVol; ChaikinOsc.
Average
Syntax
Average(IDataHolder data, int length);
Default values:
• length: 12
Description
Returns the average value of a set of data for the last
length bars. If the length of the data set is not specified, the
default value is used. See the following example to learn
how the average is calculated.
Example 1
script AverageTS {
input data = close;
input length = 12;
plot AverageTS = sum(data, length) / length;
}

input length = 12;
plot SMA1 = Average(price, length);
plot SMA2 = AverageTS(price, length);
The example plots an average value using the thinkScript

implementation called AverageTS and the built-in function.
Since both the implementations produce the same result
the plots coincide with each other forming a single curve.
Example 2
plot SMA = average(close, 20);
The example displays the moving average for the last 20

closing prices.
Usage in:
Multiple
AvgTrueRange
Syntax
AvgTrueRange(IDataHolder high, IDataHolder close,
IDataHolder low, int length);
Default values:
• length: 12
Description
Returns the average of the TrueRange function.
General Information
Some studies (e.g. ATRWilder) use Wilder's smoothing
instead of simple moving average to calculate the
TrueRange average.
Example 1
script AvgTrueRangeTS {
input high = high;
input low = low;
input length = 15;
plot AvgTrueRangeTS = Average(TrueRange(high, close,
low), length);
}
input length = 14;

plot AvgTrueRange1 = AvgTrueRange(high, close, low,
length);
plot AvgTrueRange2 = AvgTrueRangeTS(high, close, low,
length);
The code provides two approaches to calculate and plot

the average of the true range. The first approach is
implemented through the built-in AvgTrueRange function.
The second approach uses a manual implementation. The
results of the approaches are equal which means that both
the calculations result in equal plots that coincide with
each other.
Usage in:
ATRTrailingStop; KeltnerChannels; LBR_PaintBars;
VoltyExpanCloseLX.
BodyHeight
Syntax
BodyHeight();
Description
Returns the height of the candlestick body. It is equal to
the absolute value of the difference between the open and
close values.
Sample
Example
declare lower;
input length = 12;
plot AverageBodyHeight = Average(BodyHeight(), length);
This script plots the 12 period average body height on the

lower subgraph.
Usage in:
AdvanceBlock; BeltHold; ConcealingBabySwallow; Deliberation;
EveningStar; FallingThreeMethods; Hammer; HangingMan; Harami;
HighPriceGappingPlay; HomingPigeon; IdenticalThreeCrows; InNeck;
InvertedHammer; Kicking; LongLeggedDoji; LowPriceGappingPlay;
Marubozu; MatHold; MatchingLow; MeetingLines; MorningStar; OnNeck;
RisingThreeMethods; SeparatingLines; ShootingStar;
SideBySideWhiteLines; StickSandwich; ThreeStarsInTheSouth;
UniqueThreeRiverBottom.
Ema2
initialization, so adding more initialization data by
increasing additionalBars input has little impact on the
study.
Syntax
Ema2(IDataHolder data, int prefetch, double smoothing
factor, int First Bar);
Default values:
• prefetch: 0
• First Bar: 0
Description
Returns the Exponential Moving Average (EMA) of data
with smoothing factor. The prefetch parameter controls
the number of historical data points used to initialize EMA
for the first bar. The First Bar parameter is deprecated and
should not be used.
Example
input additionalBars = 0;
plot ExpAvg = Ema2(close, additionalBars, 0.2);
The code plots the exponential average of a security Close

price with a smoothing factor of 0.2. Note that studies
using ema2 fetch a necessary number of additional bars for
correct
ExpAverage
Syntax
ExpAverage(IDataHolder data, int length);
Default values:
• length: 12
Description
Returns the Exponential Moving Average (EMA) of data
with length.
Example
input length = 12;
plot ExpAvg = ExpAverage(price, length);
The example plots an exponential moving average of a

security's Close price.
Usage in:
ATRTrailingStop; BalanceOfMarketPower; BollingerBandsEMA;
ChaikinOsc; ChaikinOscillator; DEMA; DisparityIndex; DisplacedEMA;
DoubleSmoothedStochastics; EMAEnvelope; ElderRay;
ElderRayBearPower; ElderRayBullPower; ForceIndex; KeltnerChannels;
KlingerOscillator; MACD; MassIndex; MovAvgExpRibbon;
MovAvgExponential; MovAvgTwoLines; MovingAvgCrossover;
PolarizedFractalEfficiency; PriceAverageCrossover; PriceZoneOscillator;
PriceZoneOscillatorLE; PriceZoneOscillatorLX; PriceZoneOscillatorSE;
PriceZoneOscillatorSX; RSI_EMA; RangeIndicator;
RelativeMomentumIndex; RelativeVolatilityIndex;
ReverseEngineeringRSI; StochasticFull; StochasticMomentumIndex;
TEMA; TRIX; TrendPeriods; TrueStrengthIndex; VolumeFlowIndicator;
VolumeWeightedMACD; VolumeZoneOscillator; WoodiesCCI.
FastKCustom
Syntax
FastKCustom(IDataHolder data, int length);
Default values:
• length: 14
Description
Returns values from 0 through 100 depending on a price. If
the price is the lowest for the last length bars then 0 is
returned. If the price is the highest for the last length bars
then 100 is returned.
The function is calculated according to the following
algorithm:
FastKCustom = if highest(close, 12) - lowest(close, 12) > 0
then (close - lowest(close, 12)) / (highest(close, 12) -
lowest(close, 12))*100 else 0
Example
declare lower;
input colorNormLength = 14;
plot Price = close;
def abs = AbsValue(Price);
def normVal = FastKCustom(abs, colorNormLength);
Price.AssignValueColor( CreateColor(255, 2.55 * normVal,
0) );
The example plots the EMA using the manual thinkScript

implementation and the built-in function. The resulting
plots coincide forming a single curve.
The FastKCustom function is used to assign a normVal
value to each bar depending on its price. Zero value is
assigned if the current closing price is the lowest on the
last 14 bars, 100 is assigned if the current closing price is
the highest on the last 14 bars. The normVal is used in the
AssignValueColor function to paint a plot with colors
ranging from red (255, 0,0) to yellow (255, 255, 0). The
green component of the color varies depending on the
current value of normVal.
GetMaxValueOffset
Syntax
GetMaxValueOffset(IDataHolder data, int length);
Default values:
• length: 25
Description
Returns the offset of the highest value of data for the last
length bars.
Example
declare lower;
input length = 25;
def upIndex = GetMaxValueOffset(high, length);

def downIndex = GetMinValueOffset(low, length);
plot AroonUp = (length - upIndex) * 100.0 / length;

plot AroonDown = (length - downIndex) * 100.0 / length;
The example calculates the Aroon Indicator. The

GetMaxValueOffset is used to calculate the upIndex
variable that defines the number of bars appeared starting
from the maximum value for the last length bars. When
drawing the AroonUp, the upIndex is recorded as a
percentage from the overall number of length bars.
Usage in:
AroonIndicator; AroonOscillator; LookUpHighest.
GetMinValueOffset
Syntax
GetMinValueOffset(IDataHolder data, int length);
Default values:
• length: 25
Description
Returns the offset of the lowest value of data for the last
length bars.
Example
declare lower;
input length = 25;
def upIndex = GetMaxValueOffset(high, length);

def downIndex = GetMinValueOffset(low, length);
plot AroonOsc = (downIndex - upIndex) * 100.0 / length;
The example calculates the Aroon Oscillator. The

GetMinValueOffset is used to calculate the downIndex
variable that defines the number of bars appeared starting
from the minimum value for the last length bars. Then the
downIndex value and the upIndex values are used to draw
the resulting AroonOsc plot.
Usage in:
AroonIndicator; AroonOscillator; LookUpLowest.
Highest
Syntax
Highest(IDataHolder data, int length);
Default values:
• length: 12
Description
Returns the highest value of data for the last length bars.
Example
input length = 20;
plot LowerBand = Lowest(low[1], length);

plot UpperBand = Highest(high[1], length);
plot MiddleBand = (LowerBand + UpperBand) / 2;
The plots in the example illustrate the Donchian Channels

system where the Lower Band and the Upper Band are
calculated as the minimum low and maximum high for the
previous length bars. Note that the low and high for the
current bar are left out of account. In order to implement
this approach the [1] index is applied to the corresponding
parameters.
Usage in:
BollingerBandwidth; DailyHighLow; DemandIndex;
FisherTransform; HighPriceGappingPlay; Ichimoku;
KeyRevLX; LBR_PaintBars; LowPriceGappingPlay;
PercentR; PriceChannel; RangeIndicator; StochasticFull;
StochasticMomentumIndex; VerticalHorizontalFilter;
WilliamsPercentR.
HighestAll
Syntax
HighestAll(IDataHolder data);
Description
Returns the highest value of data for all bars in the chart.
Example
plot MiddleLR = InertiaAll(price);

def dist = HighestAll(AbsValue(MiddleLR - price));
plot UpperLR = MiddleLR + dist;
plot LowerLR = MiddleLR - dist;
The code draws a regression channel where the highest

and the lowest borders are defined with the help of the
maximum deviation between the price and regression line.
The deviation is calculated for all bars using the HighestAll
function.
Usage in:
DarvasBox; LinearRegCh100; LinearRegCh50;
LinearRegChVar; MajorGannLevels; SemiCupFormation;
ZigZagPercent; ZigZagSign.
HighestWeighted
Syntax
HighestWeighted(IDataHolder data, int length,
IDataHolder coefficient);
Default values:
• length: 14
Description
Returns the highest value of data weighted with the
coefficient for the last length bars.
Example
declare lower;
input price1 = close;
input price2 = open;
def delta = price2 - price1;
plot HWBuiltin = HighestWeighted(price1, 3, delta);

plot HW = Max(Max(price1, price1[1] + delta), price1[2] +
2 * delta);
This example shows how the HighestWeighted is

constructed by taking maximum of several values. The two
plots coincide.
Usage in:
ProjectionBands; ProjectionOscillator.
IsAscending
Syntax
IsAscending(IDataHolder value, int length);
Default values:
• length: 3
Description
Tests if the trend is ascending by calculating the average
slope coefficient of trendlines whose start points are
MidBodyVal for a specified number of bars and end points
are value for current bar. If the slope is positive then the
trend is considered ascending.
Example
AssignPriceColor(if IsAscending(close, 10) then
Color.GREEN else Color.RED);
This example paints price bars in green color if the closing

price in comparison to the MidBodyVal for the last 10 bars
is considered ascending and in red color otherwise.
Usage in:
AbandonedBaby; AdvanceBlock; BeltHold; Breakaway; DarkCloudCover;
Deliberation; Engulfing; EveningDojiStar; EveningStar; HangingMan;
Harami; HaramiCross; HighPriceGappingPlay; IdenticalThreeCrows;
LongLeggedDoji; MatHold; MeetingLines; RisingThreeMethods;
SeparatingLines; ShootingStar; SideBySideWhiteLines; ThreeBlackCrows;
ThreeLineStrike; TriStar; TwoCrows; UpsideGapThreeMethods;
UpsideGapTwoCrows; UpsideTasukiGap.
IsDescending
Syntax
IsDescending(IDataHolder value, int length);
Default values:
• length: 3
Description
Tests if the trend is descending by calculating the average
slope coefficient of trendlines whose start points are
MidBodyVal for a specified number of bars and end points
are value for current bar. If the slope is negative then the
trend is considered descending.
Example
plot DescBar = IsDescending(close, 10);
DescBar.SetPaintingStrategy(PaintingStrategy.BOOLEAN_P
OINTS);
This example draws points at the closing prices for all bars
considered as descending in comparison to the
MidBodyValfor the last 10 bars.
Usage in:
AbandonedBaby; BeltHold; Breakaway; ConcealingBabySwallow;
DownsideGapThreeMethods; DownsideTasukiGap; Engulfing;
FallingThreeMethods; Hammer; Harami; HaramiCross; HomingPigeon;
InNeck; InvertedHammer; LongLeggedDoji; LowPriceGappingPlay;
MatchingLow; MeetingLines; MorningDojiStar; MorningStar; OnNeck;
PiercingLine; SeparatingLines; SideBySideWhiteLines; StickSandwich;
ThreeLineStrike; ThreeStarsInTheSouth; ThreeWhiteSoldiers; Thrusting;
TriStar.
IsDoji
Syntax
IsDoji(int length, double bodyFactor);
Default values:
• length: 20
• bodyFactor: 0.05
Description
Returns true if the current candle is Doji (i.e. its Close price
and Open price are equal or almost the same) and false
otherwise. Note that a candle is considered Doji if its body
height does not exceed average body height multiplied by
the specified factor. The average body height is calculated
for a specified number of preceding candles.
Example
input length = 25;
def IsDoji = IsDoji(length);

plot ThreeDoji = IsDoji[2] and
IsDoji[1] and
IsDoji;
ThreeDoji.SetPaintingStrategy(PaintingStrategy.BOOLEAN
_POINTS);
This example marks the last of three consecutive Doji

candles. In this case, a candle will be considered Doji if its
body height does not exceed 5% (default value) of the
average body height calculated for last 25 candles.
Usage in:
AbandonedBaby; Doji; Engulfing; EveningDojiStar;
HaramiCross; LongLeggedDoji; MorningDojiStar; TriStar.
IsLongBlack
Syntax
IsLongBlack(int length);
Default values:
• length: 20
Description
Returns true for the current candle if:
• Its Close price is lower than the Open price;
• Its body is longer than each shadow;
• Its body is longer than the average body size
calculated for the specified number of preceding
candles.
Example
input length = 20;
def IsLongBlack = isLongBlack(length);
plot TwoLongBlack = IsLongBlack[1] and
IsLongBlack;
TwoLongBlack.SetPaintingStrategy(PaintingStrategy.BOOL
EAN_ARROW_DOWN);
This example draws an arrow marking the last of two

consecutive long bearish candles.
Usage in:
AbandonedBaby; BeltHold; Breakaway; DownsideGapThreeMethods;
FallingThreeMethods; Harami; HaramiCross; HomingPigeon;
IdenticalThreeCrows; InNeck; LowPriceGappingPlay; Marubozu;
MatchingLow; MeetingLines; MorningDojiStar; MorningStar; OnNeck;
PiercingLine; SeparatingLines; ThreeBlackCrows; ThreeLineStrike;
ThreeStarsInTheSouth.
IsLongWhite
Syntax
IsLongWhite(int length);
Default values:
• length: 20
Description
Returns true for the current candle if:
• Its Close price is higher than the Open price;
• Its body is longer than each shadow;
• Its body is longer than the average body size
calculated for the specified number of preceding
candles.
Example
input length = 20;
def IsLongWhite = isLongWhite(length);

plot TwoLongWhite = IsLongWhite[1] and
IsLongWhite;
TwoLongWhite.SetPaintingStrategy(PaintingStrategy.BOO
LEAN_ARROW_UP);
This example draws an arrow marking the last of two

consecutive long bullish candles.
Usage in:
AbandonedBaby; BeltHold; Breakaway; DarkCloudCover; Deliberation;
EveningDojiStar; EveningStar; Harami; HaramiCross;
HighPriceGappingPlay; Marubozu; MatHold; MeetingLines;
RisingThreeMethods; SeparatingLines; ThreeLineStrike;
ThreeWhiteSoldiers; TwoCrows; UpsideGapThreeMethods;
UpsideGapTwoCrows.
Lowest
Syntax
Lowest(IDataHolder data, int length);
Default values:
• length: 12
Description
Returns the lowest value of data for the last length bars.
Example
declare lower;
input length = 10;
def HH = Highest(high, length);

def LL = Lowest(low, length);
plot "Williams %R" = if HH == LL then -100 else (HH -

close) / (HH - LL) * (-100);
The example shows the Williams %R calculation. In

particular, it is required to define the minimum low for the
last length bars including the current bar. Therefore, to
define the minimum, the example uses the Lowest
function.
Usage in:
BollingerBandwidth; DailyHighLow; DemandIndex; FisherTransform;
HighPriceGappingPlay; Ichimoku; KeyRevLE; LBR_PaintBars;
LowPriceGappingPlay; PercentR; PriceChannel; RangeIndicator;
StochasticFull; StochasticMomentumIndex; VerticalHorizontalFilter;
WilliamsPercentR.
LowestAll
Syntax
LowestAll(IDataHolder data);
Description
Returns the lowest value of data for all bars in the chart.
Example
def HH = HighestAll(high);
def LL = LowestAll(low);
plot G1 = HH / 2;
plot G2 = (HH + LL) / 2;
plot G3 = HH / 4;
plot G4 = (HH - LL) / 4 + LL;
The example shows the Major Gann Levels which uses all
chart bars to calculate the maximum high and minimum
low values.
Usage in:
MajorGannLevels; ZigZagPercent; ZigZagSign.
LowestWeighted
Syntax
LowestWeighted(IDataHolder data, int length, IDataHolder
coefficient);
Default values:
• length: 14
Description
Returns the lowest value of data weighted with the
coefficient for the last length bars.
Example
declare lower;
input price1 = close;
input price2 = open;
def delta = price2 - price1;
plot LWBuiltin = LowestWeighted(price1, 3, delta);

plot LW = Min(Min(price1, price1[1] + delta), price1[2] + 2
* delta);
This example shows how the LowestWeighted is

constructed by taking minimum of several values. The two
plots coincide.
Usage in:
ProjectionBands; ProjectionOscillator.
MidBodyVal
Syntax
MidBodyVal();
Description
Returns the price corresponding to the middle of the
candelstick body. This price can be calculated as (open +
close)/2.
Sample
Example
plot CandleBodyTop = MidBodyVal() + 0.5 * BodyHeight();
plot CandleBodyBottom = MidBodyVal() - 0.5 *
BodyHeight();
This script plots two lines: the first one connecting all the
candle body tops and the second one connecting all the
candle body bottoms.
Usage in:
DarkCloudCover; EveningDojiStar; EveningStar;
LongLeggedDoji; MorningDojiStar; MorningStar;
PiercingLine; Thrusting.
moneyflow
Syntax
moneyflow(IDataHolder high, IDataHolder close,
IDataHolder low, IDataHolder volume, int length);
Default values:
• length: 12
Description
Returns the money flow value.
Example
script moneyflowTS {
input high = high;
input low = low;
input volume = volume;
input length = 14;
def price = high + close + low;
def moneyFlow = price * volume;
def positiveMoneyFlow = sum(if price >price[1] then
moneyFlow else 0, length);
def totalMoneyFlow = sum(moneyFlow, length);
plot moneyflowTS = if totalMoneyFlow != 0 then 100 *
positiveMoneyFlow / totalMoneyFlow else 0;
}
declare lower;
input length = 14;
plot moneyflow1 = moneyflow(high, close, low, volume,
length);
plot moneyflow2 = moneyflowTS(high, close, low, volume,
length);
In this example the money flow is calculated and plotted
based on two different implementations that have equal
results. The first implementation is based on the
moneflowTS function, the second one is based on the built-
in moneyflow function.
Usage in:
MoneyFlowIndex.
TrueRange
Syntax
TrueRange(IDataHolder high, IDataHolder close,
IDataHolder low);
Description
Returns the true range (TR).
TR is the greatest of the following:
• the difference between the current high and current
low
• the difference between the current high and previous
close
• the difference between the previous close and current
low
Example
script TrueRangeTS {
input high = high;
input low = low;
plot TrueRangeTS = max(close[1], high) - min(close[1],
low);
}
plot TrueRange1 = TrueRange(high, close, low);

plot TrueRange2 = TrueRangeTS(high, close, low);
The example plots the TR using the manual thinkScript

implementation and the built-in function. The resulting
plots coincide forming a single curve.
Usage in:
ATRWilder; AverageTrueRange; CSI; DMI;
RandomWalkIndex; RangeIndicator; STARCBands;
TrueRangeIndicator; TrueRangeSpecifiedVolume;
UltimateOscillator; VortexIndicator.
Ulcer
Syntax
Ulcer(IDataHolder data, int length);
Default values:
• length: 14
Description
Returns the Ulcer Index of data for the last length bars.
Example
declare lower;
input length = 100;
input risk_free_rate = 0.01;
def somedate = 20000101;

def growth = close - close[length];
def days = daysFromDate(somedate) -
daysFromDate(somedate)[length];
def annualreturn = growth / close[length] * 365 / days;
plot MartinRatio = (annualreturn - risk_free_rate) * 100 /

Ulcer(close, length);
This example calculates the Martin Ratio for an

instrument.
Usage in:
UlcerIndex.
WildersAverage
Syntax
WildersAverage(IDataHolder data, int length);
Default values:
• length: 12
Description
Returns the Wilder's Moving Average of data with
smoothing factor that equals 1 / length. The first value is
calculated as the simple moving average and then all
values are calculated as the exponential moving average.
Example
input length = 10;
plot WildersAvg = WildersAverage(close, length);
plot ExpAvg = Ema2(close, 0, 1 / length);
This code draws two plots: the first is a Wilder's average of

the Close price, and the second is the exponential moving
average with the corresponding smoothing factor. The two
plots differ to a certain extent due to variance in
initialization.
Usage in:
ATRWilder; BalanceOfMarketPower; CSI; DMI;
MovingAvgCrossover; PriceAverageCrossover; RSIWilder;
ReverseEngineeringRSI; WildersSmoothing.
wma
Syntax
wma(IDataHolder data, int length);
Default values:
• length: 9
Description
Returns the Weighted Moving Average value. The
Weighted Moving Average is calculated by multiplying
each of the previous days' data by a weight factor. That
factor is equal to the number of days past the first day. The
total is then divided by the sum of the factors.
Example
plot WMA = wma(close, 20);
The example displays the weighted moving average for the

last 20 closing prices.
Usage in:
BalanceOfMarketPower; HullMovingAvg;
LinearRegressionSlope; MovAvgWeighted;
MovingAvgCrossover; PriceAverageCrossover; RSquared;
TrueStrengthIndex.
o Mathematical and Trigonometrical
As appears from the section title, this section collects
mathematical and trigonometrical functions. Besides
traditional functions such as sine, cosine, or logarithm the
section also contains some more specific ones. For example, it
has the isNaN function that defines if a parameter is a number,
or the round function that rounds a value to a certain number
of digits.
• AbsValue
• ACos
• ASin
• ATan
• Ceil
• Cos
• Crosses
• exp
• Floor
• isInfinite
• IsNaN
• lg
• log
• Max
• Min
• Power
• Random
• round
• roundDown
• roundUp
• Sign
• Sin
• Sqr
• Sqrt
• sum
• Tan
• TotalSum
AbsValue
Syntax
AbsValue(double value);
Description
Returns the absolute value of an argument. If the
argument is positive, the argument is returned. If the
argument is negative, the negation of the argument is
returned.
Example
declare lower;
plot Absolute = AbsValue(open - close);
The example plots the absolute value of difference

between the open and close price which can be either
positive, or negative.
Usage in:
AdvanceDecline; BeltHold; DMI; DemandIndex;
DynamicMomentumIndex; IdenticalThreeCrows; KlingerOscillator;
LinearRegCh100; LinearRegCh50; LinearRegChVar; MESASineWave;
MatchingLow; MeetingLines; MovAvgAdaptive; OnNeck; RSIWilder;
RSI_EMA; RangeExpansionIndex; SemiCupFormation; SeparatingLines;
SideBySideWhiteLines; StickSandwich; SwingIndex; TrendNoiseBalance;
TrendQuality; TrueStrengthIndex; VariableMA; VerticalHorizontalFilter;
VortexIndicator; WoodiesCCI; ZigZagPercent; ZigZagSign.
ACos
Syntax
ACos(double value);
Description
Returns the arc cosine of an angle in the range from 0
through pi.
Example
declare lower;
plot Data = Acos(0.5) == Double.Pi / 3;
The expression in the second line of code compares two

values and draws a plot. If the two values are equal, it
draws the unit (true) plot . Otherwise, it draws the zero
(false) plot. The arc cosine of 0.5 equals pi/3. So the
example draws the unit plot.
ASin
Syntax
ASin(double value);
Description
Returns the arc sine of an angle in the range from -pi/2
through pi/2.
Example 1
declare lower;
plot Data = Asin(0.5) == Double.Pi / 3;
Similar to the ACos example, the code above compares two

values and draws the unit (true) plot if they are equal. In
case the values are not equal, the zero (false) plot is
drawn. The arc sine of 0.5 is not equal pi/3. The example
draws the zero plot.
Example 2
declare lower;
input length = 3;
def height = close - close[length];
def hypotenuse = sqrt( sqr(length) + sqr(height) );
plot "Angle, deg" = Asin(height/hypotenuse) * 180 /
Double.Pi;
The code draws a line that connects the current close

value with the close value on the desired bar in the past.
The Asin function is used to calculate the angle of slope of
the line.
ATan
Syntax
ATan(double value);
Description
Returns the arc tangent of an angle in the range of -pi/2
through pi/2.
Example
declare lower;
input length = 3;
def avg = Average(close, length);
def height = avg - avg[length];
plot "Angle, deg" = Atan(height/length) * 180 / Double.Pi;
The code calculates the angle of slope of the simple moving

average with the given length. The angle itself is calculated
using the ATan function.
Usage in:
MESASineWave; WoodiesCCI.
Ceil
Syntax
Ceil(double value);
Description
Rounds a value up to the nearest integer (which is not less
than the value).
Example
plot data = ceil(close);
The example returns the integer that is equal to or next

higher than the close price.
Usage in:
DynamicMomentumIndex; HullMovingAvg;
MovAvgTriangular.
Cos
Syntax
Cos(double angle);
Description
Returns the trigonometric cosine of an angle.
Example
declare lower;
input a = 0;
input b = 10;
input periodBars = 20;
def w = 2 * Double.Pi / periodBars;
rec x = compoundValue(1, x[1] + 1, 0);
plot F = a + b * Cos(w * x);
The code draws the cosine function depending on a

variable which starts from one and increments by one on
each bar. The cyclic frequency(w) is calculated based on
the periodBars input.
Usage in:
MESASineWave.
Crosses
Syntax
Crosses(IDataHolder data1, IDataHolder data2, double
direction);
Default values:
• direction: CrossingDirection.Any
Description
The Crosses function tests if data1 gets higher or lower
than data2. It returns true when data1 becomes greater
than data2 if the direction parameter is
CrossingDirection.Above. Conversely, the function returns
true when data1 becomes less than data2 if the direction
parameter is CrossingDirection.Below. The function can
also indicate a crossover irrespective of its direction if the
direction parameter is CrossingDirection.Any.
Example 1
plot avg = Average(close, 10);
plot crossing1 = close > avg and close[1] <= avg[1];
plot crossing2 = Crosses(close, avg,
CrossingDirection.Above);
crossing1.SetPaintingStrategy(PaintingStrategy.BOOLEAN
_ARROW_UP);
crossing2.SetPaintingStrategy(PaintingStrategy.BOOLEAN
_ARROW_DOWN);
The crossing1 and crossing2 variables are equal

definitions of a condition when the Close price crosses the
simple moving average with the length equal to 10. In
other words, the Crosses function serves as a more
compact and flexible way of defining intersections.
Example 2
input crossingType = {default above, below};
def avg = Average(close, 10);
plot Crossing = Crosses(close, avg, crossingType ==
CrossingType.above);
Crossing.SetPaintingStrategy(if crossingType ==
CrossingType.above
then PaintingStrategy.BOOLEAN_ARROW_UP
else PaintingStrategy.BOOLEAN_ARROW_DOWN, yes);
The example first determines the crossing type of the

Close price and the simple moving average for the last 10
bars. Depending on whether the crossing is up or down,
the code draws either the arrow up or arrow down mark
below and above the corresponding bars. Note that above
and below here are enumeration constants.
Usage in:
ADXCrossover; ATRTrailingStop; BollingerBandsCrossover;
MACDHistogramCrossover; MomentumCrossover;
MoneyFlowIndexCrossover; MovingAvgCrossover;
ParabolicSARCrossover; PriceAverageCrossover; RSIWilderCrossover;
RateOfChangeCrossover; StochasticCrossover; WoodiesCCI.
exp
Syntax
exp(double number);
Description
Returns the exponential value of a number.
Example 1
declare lower;
input x = 3;
plot Calculate1 = exp(x);
plot Calculate2 = power(Double.E, x);
The example calculates the value of the exponent raised to

the power of x using two different approaches. The results
of the calculations are equal.
Example 2
declare lower;
def temp = 0.1 * (RSIWilder() - 50);
def x = wma(temp, 9);
plot IFT_RSI = (exp(2 * x) - 1) / (exp(2 * x) + 1);
The code plots the Inversed Fisher Transform indicator

based on the smoothed RSI value. Initially, the code
subtracts the standart RSIWilder by 50 and multiplies the
result by 0.1 to get values starting from -5 and through 5.
Then it smoothes the values using the wma function.
Finally, it calculates the IFT for the values.
Usage in:
DemandIndex; SemiCupFormation.
Floor
Syntax
Floor(double value);
Description
Rounds a value down to the nearest integer (which is not
greater than the value).
Example
plot Lower = Floor(low);
plot Upper = Ceil(high);
This example draws a channel at integer levels which fits

high and low prices.
Usage in:
DynamicMomentumIndex; MonkeyBars;
MonkeyBarsExpanded; SeriesCount; TPOProfile; VWAP;
VolumeProfile.
isInfinite
Syntax
isInfinite(double value);
Description
Returns true if the specified number is infinitely large in
magnitude.
Example 1
declare lower;
input dividend = 10;

input divisor = 0;
def tempResult = dividend / divisor;

plot Result = if isInfinite(tempResult) then 0 else
tempResult;
The example draws the result of division the dividend by

the divisor on a separate subgraph. If the divisor is equal
to zero then the division produces the infine number. The
isInfinite returns true as a result of verifying the infinite
number and the result is assigned 0.
Example 2
declare lower;
input dividend = 10;

input divisor = 0;
plot Result = if divisor == 0 then 0 else dividend / divisor;
This example is similar to the previous one. But here the

validation is performed before the division which makes
the code simplier.
IsNaN
Syntax
IsNaN(double value);
Description
Returns true if the specified parameter is not a number,
returns false otherwise.
Example 1
def onExpansion = if IsNaN(close) then yes else no;
plot HighestClose = if onExpansion then HighestAll(close)
else double.NaN;
plot LowestClose = if onExpansion then LowestAll(close)
else double.NaN;
The example draws the highest close and open on the right
expansion of the subgraph. For more information about
the expansion chart, see thinkDesktop User Manual.
Example 2
declare lower;
def closeSymbol = close(symbol);
rec closeSymbolWithOutNaN = CompoundValue(1, if
IsNaN(closeSymbol) then closeSymbolWithOutNan[1] else
closeSymbol, closeSymbol);
plot Data = closeSymbolWithOutNaN;
The code draws the comparison close chart replacing gaps

containing no data with lines. If the plot contains the NaN
value then the last available non-NaN value is used.
Usage in:
ATRTrailingStop; AdvanceDecline; CumulativeVolumeIndex; DailyHighLow; DailyOpen;
DailySMA; DarvasBox; DemandIndex; DynamicMomentumIndex; FisherTransform;
McClellanOscillator; McClellanSummationIndex; MonkeyBars; Next3rdFriday; PersonsPivots;
RelativeStrength; SemiCupFormation; SpectrumBarsLE; TPOProfile; ThreeBarInsideBarLE;
ThreeBarInsideBarSE; TrailingStopLX; TrailingStopSX; TrendNoiseBalance; TrendQuality;
VariableMA; VolumeProfile; WoodiesCCI; WoodiesPivots; ZigZagPercent; ZigZagSign;
ZigZagTrendPercent; ZigZagTrendSign.
lg
Syntax
lg(double number);
Description
Returns the base-10 logarithm of an argument.
Example
declare lower;
plot data = lg(close);
The example draws the base-10 logarithm plot of the close

values.
Usage in:
DynamicMomentumIndex.
log
Syntax
log(double number);
Description
Returns the natural logarithm of an argument.
Example
declare lower;
plot data = log(close);
The code draws the plot of the logarithm of the closing
price of a stock.
Usage in:
FisherTransform; HistoricalVolatility; SemiCupFormation;
SeriesCount; TRIX; VolatilityStdDev;
VolumeFlowIndicator.
Max
Syntax
Max(double value1, double value2);
Description
Returns the greater of two values.
Example
def SMA = SimpleMovingAvg();
plot data = Max(close, SMA);
This example displays the higher value of either the

closing price or the simple moving average.
Usage in:
ATRTrailingStop; AccumDistBuyPr; BeltHold; BollingerBandsLE; DynamicMomentumIndex;
Engulfing; Hammer; HangingMan; Harami; HaramiCross; InvertedHammer; LongLeggedDoji;
MarkerIndicator; MomentumLE; ParabolicSAR; RandomWalkIndex; RangeExpansionIndex;
RelativeMomentumIndex; ReverseEngineeringRSI; SemiCupFormation; ShootingStar;
SwingIndex; TrailingStopLX; VWAP; ZigZagPercent; ZigZagSign; ZigZagTrendPercent;
ZigZagTrendSign.
Min
Syntax
Min(double value1, double value2);
Description
Returns the smaller of two values.
Example
plot data = Min(close, open);
The code draws the smaller value of the close and open
values.
Usage in:
ATRTrailingStop; AccumDistBuyPr; BeltHold; BollingerBandsSE; Deliberation; DemandIndex;
Engulfing; Hammer; HangingMan; Harami; HaramiCross; InvertedHammer; LongLeggedDoji;
MonkeyBars; MonkeyBarsExpanded; ParabolicSAR; RangeExpansionIndex; SemiCupFormation;
ShootingStar; SwingIndex; TPOProfile; TrailingStopSX; UltimateOscillator; VoltyExpanCloseLX;
VolumeFlowIndicator; VolumeProfile; ZigZagPercent; ZigZagSign; ZigZagTrendPercent;
ZigZagTrendSign.
Power
Syntax
Power(double number, double power);
Description
Returns the value of the first argument raised to the power
of the second argument.
Example
declare lower;
plot Close1_5 = power(close, 1.5);
The example draws the plot of the close value raised to the
power of 1.5.
Usage in:
MovAvgExpRibbon; SemiCupFormation.
Random
Syntax
Random();
Description
Returns a value with a positive sign, greater than or equal
to 0.0 and less than 1.0
Example
declare lower;
input limit = 10;
plot Noise = Random() * limit;
The code draws a plot of random values ranging from 0. to

10.
round
Syntax
round(double number, int numberOfDigits);
Default values:
• numberOfDigits: 2
Description
Rounds a number to a certain number of digits.
Example
plot SMA = round(Average(close, 12) / tickSize(), 0) *
tickSize();
This example script plots 12 period SMA rounded to the

nearest tick size value.
Usage in:
AdvanceDecline; SemiCupFormation; WoodiesCCI.
roundDown
Syntax
roundDown(double number, int numberOfDigits);
Default values:
Description
Rounds a number towards zero to a certain number of
digits.
Example
See the roundUp function example.
Usage in:
VWAP.
roundUp
Syntax
roundUp(double number, int numberOfDigits);
Default values:
Description
Rounds a number up to a certain number of digits.
Example
input digits = 0;
plot ceiling = roundup(price, digits);
plot floor = rounddown(price, digits);
This example plots bands representing a price of the

instrument rounded up and down to a certain number of
digits.
Sign
Syntax
Sign(double number);
Description
Returns the algebraic sign of a number: 1 if the number is
positive, 0 if zero and -1 if negative.
Example 1
declare lower;
plot Trend = sign( ExpAverage(close, 15) -
ExpAverage(close, 30) );
The example draws a plot showing the current trend as

1(bullish), 0(neutral), or -1(bearish) values depending on
the difference between two EMAs.
Example 2
declare lower;
plot Data = Average(Sign(close - close[1]) * (high - low),
15);
The example draws the average range for 15 bars

considering the closing price change as compared to the
previous bar.
Usage in:
MESASineWave; PriceZoneOscillator; TrendPeriods;
VolumeZoneOscillator.
Sin
Syntax
Sin(double angle);
Description
Returns the trigonometric sine of an angle.
Example
declare lower;
input a = 0;
input b = 10;
input periodBars = 20;
def w = 2 * Double.Pi / periodBars;
rec x = compoundValue(1, x[1] + 1, 0);
plot F = a + b * Sin(w * x);
The code draws the sine function depending on the

variable which starts from one and increments by one on
each bar. The cyclic frequency(w) is calculated based on
the periodBars constant.
Usage in:
MESASineWave.
Sqr
Syntax
Sqr(double value);
Description
Calculates the square of an argument.
Example
declare lower;
plot Data = Sqr(stdev(close, 10));
The example draws the variance of close for the last 10

bars. Variance by definition is a square of the standard
deviation.
Usage in:
Beta; Beta2; CyberCyclesOscillator; MovAvgAdaptive;
PolarizedFractalEfficiency; RSquared; VWAP.
Sqrt
Syntax
Sqrt(double value);
Description
Calculates the square root of an argument.
Example
declare lower;
plot data = Sqrt(close);
The draws the plot of the square root of the closing price
of a stock.
Usage in:
CSI; HistoricalVolatility; HullMovingAvg; PolarizedFractalEfficiency;
PolychromMtm; RandomWalkIndex; SeriesCount; TrendNoiseBalance;
TrendQuality; VWAP; VolatilityStdDev; WoodiesCCI.
sum
Syntax
sum(IDataHolder data, int length);
Default values:
• length: 12
Description
Returns the sum of values for the specified number of bars.
The default value of length is 12.
Example 1
declare lower;
plot data = sum(close, 20);
The example displays a line that is the sum of the last 20

days' closing prices.
Example 2
plot data = sum(close, 20)/20;
This example returns the sum of the last 20 days' closing

prices divided by 20. This value is called 20 day moving
average.
Usage in:
Alpha2; AlphaJensen; ChaikinMoneyFlow; ChandeMomentumOscillator;
EhlersDistantCoefficientFilter; MassIndex; MovAvgAdaptive;
PolarizedFractalEfficiency; RangeExpansionIndex; UltimateOscillator;
VariableMA; VerticalHorizontalFilter; VolumeFlowIndicator;
VolumeWeightedMACD; VortexIndicator.
Tan
Syntax
Tan(double angle);
Description
Returns the trigonometric tangent of an angle.
Example
declare lower;
input length = 5;
input min = 30;
input max = 90;
plot CheckingTangentHit = between((close - close[length])
/ length, Tan(min * double.Pi / 180), Tan(max * double.Pi
/ 180));
The code checks if the tangle of the closing price angle of

slope is within the defined limits.
TotalSum
Syntax
TotalSum(IDataHolder data);
Description
Returns the sum of all values from the first bar to the
current.
Example
declare lower;
plot data = TotalSum(volume);
The example returns the total accumulated volume for the

time frame of the current chart.
Usage in:
AccDist; AccumDistBuyPr; AccumulationSwingIndex;
CumulativeVolumeIndex; DarvasBox;
McClellanSummationIndex; MoneyFlow;
OnBalanceVolume; PriceAndVolumeTrend;
TradeVolumeIndex.
o Statistical
Statistics is the area that closely relates to trading analysis. For
this reason the thinkscript also includes statistical functions. If
you lack for the general understanding of functions from the
section, refer to the General Information sub-section featured
in the articles. In order to provide a better understanding, the
section also contains formulas for the functions.
Here is the full list of the statistical functions:
• correlation
• covariance
• Inertia
• InertiaAll
• lindev
• stdev
• stdevAll
• sterr
• sterrAll
correlation
Syntax
correlation(IDataHolder data1, IDataHolder data2, int
length);
Default values:
• length: 10
Description
Returns the correlation coefficient between the data1 and
data2 variables for the last length bars.
General Information
Correlation defines the relation between two variables.
See the following example to learn how the coefficient is
calculated.
Example
script correlationTS {
input data1 = close;
input length = 12;
plot CorrelationTS = covariance(data1, data2, length) / (
stdev(data1, length) * stdev(data2, length) );
}
declare lower;
input length = 10;
input secondSymbol = "SPX";
plot Correlation1 = correlation(close,
close(secondSymbol), length);
plot Correlation2 = correlationTS(close,
The example draws two plots that show the correlation for
the close price of the current and the specified symbol on
the defined period. The first plot is drawn based on the
built-in correlation function, the second plot is based on
it's thinkScript implementation. Both plots are equal on
the entire interval. For more information about the
covariance function, see the covariance function in this
section.
Usage in:
Correlation; PairCorrelation.
covariance
Syntax
covariance(IDataHolder data1, IDataHolder data2, int
length);
Default values:
• length: 10
Description
Returns the covariance coefficient between the data1 and
data2 variables for the last length bars.
General Information
Covariance defines whether two variables have the same
trend or not. If the covariance is positive, then the two
values move in the same direction, if negative the two
values move inversely. The covariance formula is provided
in the following example.
Example
script covarianceTS {
input length = 12;
plot CovarianceTS = Average(data1 * data2, length) -
Average(data1, length) * Average(data2, length);
}
declare lower;
input length = 10;
input secondSymbol = "SPX";
plot Covariance1 = covariance(close,
plot Covariance2 = covarianceTS(close,
The code draws two plots that show the covariance for the
close price of the current and the specified symbol on the
defined period. The Covariance1 plot is based on the built-
in function, the Covariance2 plot is based on it's
thinkScript implementation. Both the plots coincide with
each other forming a single plot. For more information
about the Average function, see the Average function in
the Tech Analysis section.
Usage in:
Beta; Beta2.
Inertia
Syntax
Inertia(IDataHolder data, int length);
Description
Draws the linear regression curve using the least-squares
method to approximate data for each set of bars defined
by the length parameter. The resulting interpolation
function for each set of bars is defined by the y = a *
current_bar + b equation. See the following example for
details.
Example
script inertiaTS {
input y = close;
input n = 20;
rec x = x[1] + 1;
def a = (n * sum(x * y, n) - sum(x, n) * sum(y, n) ) / ( n *
sum(Sqr(x), n) - Sqr(sum(x, n)));
def b = (sum(Sqr(x), n) * sum(y, n) - sum(x, n) * sum(x *
y, n) ) / ( n * sum(Sqr(x), n) - Sqr(sum(x, n)));
plot InertiaTS = a * x + b;
}
input length = 20;

plot LinReg1 = Inertia(close, length);
plot LinReg2 = InertiaTS(close, length);
Draws the linear regression plot for the close value for the
defined set of bars.
Usage in:
ForecastOscillator; Inertia; LinearRegCurve;
LinearRegrIndicator; LinearRegrReversal;
StandardErrorBands; TimeSeriesForecast; WoodiesCCI.
InertiaAll
Syntax
InertiaAll(IDataHolder data, int length, int startDate, int
startTime, double extendToLeft, double extendToRight);
Default values:
• length: all chart
• startDate: 0
• startTime: 0
• extendToLeft: no
• extendToRight: no
Description
Draws the linear regression function either for the entire
plot or for the interval defined by the length parameter. If
you specify length, the approximation is applied only for
the last length bars of the plot, otherwise the
approximation is applied for the entire plot and it is
calculated based on all bars from the plot. See the Inertia
function for more information.
The startDate (specified in the YYYYMMDD format) and
startTime (specified in the HHMM format) define the date
and time for the starting point of linear regression. These
parameters override any value of the length if the
startDate is non-zero.
By default, the function will return Double.NaN at any
moment in time outside the interval used for calculation of
linear regression. This behavior can be changed by using
non-zero values of extendToLeft and extendToRight
parameters.
Example
input length = 20;
plot MiddleLR = InertiaAll(close, length);
The example draws the linear recession for the close value
for the defined number of last bars.
Usage in:
LinearRegCh100; LinearRegCh50; LinearRegChVar; LinearRegTrendline; StandardDevChannel;
StandardErrorChannel.
lindev
Syntax
lindev(IDataHolder data, int length);
Default values:
• length: 12
Description
Returns the linear deviation of data for the last length
bars.
General Information
Linear deviation measures difference between the mean
value and the current value.
Example
declare lower;
input length = 10;
plot LinearDev = lindev(close, length);
The code draws the linear deviation plot for the current
symbol for the defined number of bars.
Usage in:
CCI.
stdev
Syntax
stdev(IDataHolder data, int length);
Default values:
• length: 12
Description
Returns the standard deviation of data for the last length
bars.
General Information
Standart deviation measures how widely values range
from the average value. Standard deviation is calculated as
a square root of variance, which is the average of the
squared deviations from the mean.
Example
declare lower;
input length = 10;
plot StdDev = stdev(close, length);
The code draws the plot of the standard deviation for the
close value for the defined number of bars.
Usage in:
Beta; Beta2; BollingerBandsEMA; BollingerBandsLE; BollingerBandsSE; BollingerBandsSMA;
DynamicMomentumIndex; HistoricalVolatility; RelativeVolatilityIndex; StandardDeviation;
VolatilityStdDev; VolumeFlowIndicator.
stdevAll
Syntax
stdevAll(IDataHolder data, int length, int startDate, int
Default values:
• startDate: 0
• startTime: 0
Description
Returns the standard deviation of data for the entire plot
or for the interval of the last bars defined by the length
parameter. The difference of the function from the stdev
function is that the output result for the last bar is used for
the whole calculated interval.
If the length parameter is not specified, the function is
calculated for the entire plot.
parameters.
Example
def regression = InertiaAll(price, 30);

def stdDeviation = stdevAll(price, 30);
plot UpperLine = regression + stdDeviation;

plot LowerLine = regression - stdDeviation;
The example draws the Standard Deviation Channel,
which is the linear regression channel spaced by standard
deviation. The deviation channel is based on price data for
the last 30 bars.
Usage in:
StandardDevChannel.
sterr
Syntax
sterr(IDataHolder data, int length);
Default values:
• length: 12
Description
Returns the standard error calculated for the last length
bars from current bar. Returns the standard deviation
between data and linear regression of data.
Example
declare lower;
input length = 10;
plot StdError = sterr(close, length);
The example calculates the standard error of close values

for the defined number of bars.
Usage in:
StandardError; StandardErrorBands.
sterrAll
Syntax
sterrAll(IDataHolder data, int length, int startDate, int
Default values:
• startDate: 0
• startTime: 0
Description
Returns the standard error of data around the regression
line for the entire plot or for the interval of last bars
defined by the length parameter. The difference of the
function from the sterr function is that the output result
for the last bar is used for the whole calculated interval.
If the length parameter is not specified, the function is
calculated for the entire plot.
parameters.
Example
def regression = InertiaAll(price);

def stdError = sterrAll(price);
plot UpperLine = regression + stdError;

plot LowerLine = regression - stdError;
The example draws the Standard Error Channel which is
the linear regression channel spaced by a standard error.
The error channel is based on the price data for the last 30
bars.
Usage in:
StandardErrorChannel.
 Date and Time
During analysis you often work with quote historical data. For
this reason you will find useful the date and time functions
featured in this section. For example, with the help of the
functions you can draw the close plot for the last three years or
draw the open plot for the first half of each year.
Here is the full list of the functions:

• countTradingDays
• daysFromDate
• daysTillDate
• getDay
• getDayOfMonth
• getDayOfWeek
• getLastDay
• getLastMonth
• getLastWeek
• getLastYear
• getMonth
• getWeek
• getYear
• getYyyyMmDd
• regularTradingEnd
• regularTradingStart
• secondsFromTime
• secondsTillTime
countTradingDays
Syntax
countTradingDays(int fromDate, int toDate);
Description
Returns the number of trading days in the specified time
period (including both starting and ending dates) for the
current symbol. Note that fromDate and toDate
parameters should be specified in the YYYYMMDD format.
Example
def yearstart = getYear() * 10000 + 101;
AddChartLabel(yes, concat(countTradingDays(yearstart,
getYyyyMmDd()), " trading days since year start"));
This script displays a chart label indicating the number of

trading days from the first day of the year to the current
day for the chosen symbol.
Usage in:
MonkeyBars; MonkeyBarsExpanded; TPOProfile;
VolumeProfile.
daysFromDate
Syntax
daysFromDate(IDataHolder fromDate);
Description
Returns the number of days from the specified date. Note
that the fromDate argument is specified in the EST
timezone and has the YYYYMMDD format.
Example
input BeginDate = 20090101;
plot Price = if daysFromDate(BeginDate) >= 0 and

daysFromDate(BeginDate) <= 50 then close else
double.NaN;
This example script draws the close plot for bars in the 50
days interval starting from BeginDate.
Usage in:
MonkeyBars; MonkeyBarsExpanded; SeriesCount;
TPOProfile; VWAP; VolumeProfile.
daysTillDate
Syntax
daysTillDate(IDataHolder tillDate);
Description
Returns the number of days till the specified date. Note
that the tillDate argument is specified in the EST timezone
and has the YYYYMMDD format.
Example
input EndDate = 20090101;
plot price = if daysTillDate(EndDate) >= 0 and

daysTillDate(EndDate) <= 50 then close else double.NaN;
The example draws the close plot for bars in the 50 days
interval ending on EndDate.
Usage in:
Next3rdFriday.
getDay
Syntax
getDay();
Description
Returns the number of the current bar day in the CST
timezone. The output is returned in the range from 1
through 365 (366 for leap years).
Example
plot Price = if getDay() <= 100 then close else Double.NaN;
The code draws the close plot for the first 100 days of each
year.
getDayOfMonth
Syntax
getDayOfMonth(int yyyyMmDd);
Description
Returns the day of a month based on the given
YYYYMMDD parameter.
Example
input first_day = 10;
input last_day = 20;
plot Data = if getDayofMonth(getYyyyMmDd()) between
first_day and last_day then close else double.NaN;
Displays the close price only for days of month falling into
a specified interval.
Usage in:
MonkeyBars; MonkeyBarsExpanded; Next3rdFriday;
TPOProfile; VolumeProfile.
getDayOfWeek
Syntax
getDayOfWeek(int yyyyMmDd);
Description
Returns the day of week based on the given YYYYMMDD
parameter. The return value ranges from from 1 (Monday)
to 7 (Sunday).
Example
input day_of_week = {default Monday, Tuesday,
Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday, Sunday};
AddChartBubble(getDayofWeek(getYyyyMmDd()) ==
day_of_week + 1, high, "Here it is");
Displays bubbles with text for a certain day of week.
Usage in:
TPOProfile; VWAP; VolumeProfile.
getLastDay
Syntax
getLastDay();
Description
Returns the number of the last bar day in the CST
through 365 (366 for leap years).
Example
plot Price = if getLastDay() == getDay() and getLastYear()
== getYear() then close else Double.NaN;
This example draws the close plot for the last bar day of
the current year.
getLastMonth
Syntax
getLastMonth();
Description
Returns the number of the last bar month in the CST
through 12.
Example 1
plot Price = if getLastMonth() == getMonth() and
getLastYear() == getYear() then close else Double.NaN;
The example draws the close plot for the last month of the
current year.
Example 2
plot Price = if getLastMonth() == getMonth() then open
else Double.NaN;
This code draws the open plot for the last month of each
year.
getLastWeek
Syntax
getLastWeek();
Description
Returns the number of the last bar week in the CST
through 53.
Example
plot Price = if getLastWeek() == getWeek() and
getLastYear() == getYear() then high else Double.NaN;
This example draws the high plot for the last week of the
current year.
getLastYear
Syntax
getLastYear();
Description
Returns the number of the last bar year in the CST
timezone.
Example
plot Price = if getLastYear() == getYear() then close else
Double.NaN;
The code draws the close plot for the current year.
getMonth
Syntax
getMonth();
Description
Returns the number of the current bar month in the CST
through 12.
Example
plot Price = if getMonth() <= 6 then close else Double.NaN;
The example draws the close plot for the first half of each
year.
Usage in:
getWeek
Syntax
getWeek();
Description
Returns the number of the current bar week in the CST
through 53.
Example
plot Price = if getWeek() % 2 == 1 then close else
Double.NaN;
The example draws the close plot for odd weeks of each
year.
getYear
Syntax
getYear();
Description
Returns the number of the current bar year in the CST
timezone.
Example
plot Price = if getYear() > getLastYear() - 3 then open else
Double.NaN;
The example draws the close plot for the last three years.
Usage in:
getYyyyMmDd
Syntax
getYyyyMmDd();
Description
Returns the date of the current bar in the YYYYMMDD
format. This date corresponds to the day whose trading
session contains the current bar. Note that on intraday
charts, this date and the actual date might not be the same
for Forex and Futures symbols.
Example
declare lower;
input endDate = 20100101;
def cond = getYyyyMmDd() < endDate;
plot Price = if cond then close else Double.NaN;
This example plots closing price only when the date of the
current bar is less than the one specified in the endDate
input.
Usage in:
TPOProfile; VWAP; VolumeProfile; WoodiesCCI.
regularTradingEnd
Syntax
regularTradingEnd(int yyyyMmDd);
Description
Returns the end of the regular trading hours for the
current symbol on the trading day specified in the
YYYYDDMM format. This value is the number of
milliseconds since the epoch (January 1, 1970, 00:00:00
GMT).
Example
See the regularTradingStart function example.
Usage in:
WoodiesCCI.
regularTradingStart
Syntax
regularTradingStart(int yyyyMmDd);
Description
Returns the start of the regular trading hours for the
current symbol on the trading day specified in the
YYYYDDMM format. This value is the number of
milliseconds since the epoch (January 1, 1970, 00:00:00
GMT).
Example
AddChartLabel(yes, concat("RTH duration (hrs): ",
(regularTradingEnd(getYyyyMmDd()) -
regularTradingStart(getYyyyMmDd())) /
AggregationPeriod.HOUR));
This example script displays a chart label with duration of

a regular trading session in hours.
Usage in:
WoodiesCCI.
secondsFromTime
Syntax
secondsFromTime(int fromTime);
Description
Returns the number of seconds from the specified time
(24-hour clock notation) in the EST timezone. Note that
this function always returns zero when chart's aggregation
period is greater than or equal to 1 day.
Example
input OpenTime = 0930;
input DurationHours = 1;
def durationSec = DurationHours * 60 * 60;

def secondsPassed = secondsFromTime(OpenTime);
plot Price = if secondsPassed >= 0 and secondsPassed <=

durationSec then close else double.NaN;
The plot displays the close value based on the specified

duration and the beginning in the EST timezone format.
Usage in:
MonkeyBars; MonkeyBarsExpanded; SeriesCount;
secondsTillTime
Syntax
secondsTillTime(int tillTime);
Description
Returns the number of seconds till the specified time (24-
hour clock notation) in the EST timezone. Note that this
function always returns zero when chart's aggregation
period is greater than or equal to 1 day.
Example
input CloseTime = 1600;
input DurationHours = 1;
def durationSec = DurationHours * 60 * 60;

def secondsRemained = secondsTillTime(closeTime);
plot Price = if secondsRemained >= 0 and

secondsRemained <= durationSec then close else
double.NaN;
This example draws the close plot based on the defined

duration and through the specified time in EST.
o Corporate Actions
This section contains functions related to corporate actions.

• getActualEarnings
• getDividend
• getEstimatedEarnings
• getSplitDenominator
• getSplitNumerator
• hasConferenceCall
• hasEarnings
getActualEarnings
Syntax
getActualEarnings();
Description
Returns actual earnings for the current symbol.
Example 1
declare lower;
rec AECont = if IsNaN(getActualEarnings()) then AECont
[1] else getActualEarnings();
plot DilutedEarnings = if AECont <> 0 then AECont else
Double.NaN;
The example draws values of diluted earnings for the

current symbol. Values between earnings are saved using
the AECont rec.
Example 2
declare lower;
rec AE = if IsNaN(getActualEarnings()) then 0 else
getActualEarnings();
plot EPS_TTM = sum(AE, 252);
AddChartLabel(yes, concat("P/E Ratio: ", close /
EPS_TTM));
The code draws values of diluted earnings for

approximately twelve months. Also it shows the current
Price-Earnings Ratio in the chart label. Note that this
example works only for daily charts because it uses an
assumption that there are 252 daily bars in a year.
getDividend
Syntax
getDividend();
Description
Returns a dividend amount for the current symbol.
Example 1
declare lower;
rec DCont = if IsNaN(getDividend()) then DCont[1] else
getDividend();
plot Dividend = if DCont <> 0 then DCont else Double.NaN;

The example plots dividends for the current symbol on a
separate subgraph. Values between different Ex-Dividend
dates are saved using the DCont rec.
Example 2
declare lower;
rec DCont = if IsNaN(getDividend()) then DCont[1] else
getDividend();
plot DivA = if DCont <> 0 then DCont * 4 else Double.NaN;
AddChartLabel(yes, concat(DivA / close * 100, "% Yield"),
DivA.takeValueColor());
The example draws the annual dividend plot (considering

that dividends are quarterly and they remain on the same
level through the year). Also the code in this example
defines a chart label that indicates the calculated dividend
yield value in percentage and draws it using the same
color as the main plot.
getEstimatedEarnings
Syntax
getEstimatedEarnings();
Description
Returns estimate earnings for the current symbol.
Example
declare lower;
plot EstEarning = getEstimatedEarnings();
EstEarning.SetPaintingStrategy(PaintingStrategy.POINTS);
The example draws estimated earnings for the current

symbol as points on a separate subgraph.
getSplitDenominator
Syntax
getSplitDenominator();
Description
Returns the split denominator for the current symbol.
Example
AddVerticalLine(!IsNaN(getSplitDenominator()), if
getSplitNumerator() > getSplitDenominator()
then "Split!"
else "Reverse Split!", Color.GRAY);
The code draws a gray vertical line with the "Split!" or

"Reverse Split!" label for days when a corresponding split
took place. For more information, see the AddVerticalLine
function.
getSplitNumerator
Syntax
getSplitNumerator();
Description
Returns a split numerator for the current symbol.
Example
declare lower;
input initialPosition = 100;
rec position = CompoundValue(1, if
!IsNaN(getSplitDenominator())
then position[1] * getSplitNumerator() /
getSplitDenominator()
else position[1], initialPosition);
plot CurrentPosition = position;
This example shows trader position changes taking into

account the splits presented on the chart.
hasConferenceCall
Syntax
hasConferenceCall();
Description
Returns true if there is an earnings conference call, false -
otherwise.
Example
plot ConfCall = hasConferenceCall();
ConfCall.SetPaintingStrategy(PaintingStrategy.BOOLEAN_
POINTS);
The code draws a dot based on the close price when the
current symbol has a conference call. For more
information, see the PaintingStrategy.BOOLEAN_POINTS
constant.
hasEarnings
Syntax
hasEarnings(int type);
Default values:
• type: EarningTime.ANY
Description
Returns true if there are announced earnings, and false
otherwise. Use an EarningTime constant to specify the
time of announcement.
Example
plot isBefore =
hasEarnings(EarningTime.BEFORE_MARKET);
plot isAfter = hasEarnings(EarningTime.AFTER_MARKET);
plot isDuringOrUnspecified = hasEarnings() and !isBefore
and !isAfter;
isBefore.SetPaintingStrategy(PaintingStrategy.BOOLEAN_
ARROW_UP);
isAfter.SetPaintingStrategy(PaintingStrategy.BOOLEAN_A
RROW_DOWN);
isDuringOrUnspecified.SetPaintingStrategy(PaintingStrate
gy.BOOLEAN_POINTS);
This example script marks announced earnings with an up

arrow if they are expected before market open, down
arrow if they are expected after market close, and a dot if
they are expected during market trading hours or the time
is not specified.
o Look and Feel
The thinkscript enables you to adjust the look and feel of
charts you analyse. Although the majority of these settings can
be made through the application GUI, some of them can be
done only with the help of the thinkscript. One of these
functions is AddCloud that highlights the area between charts,
or AssignNormGradientColor that paints a chart with a
gradient.
The full set of the functions is provided in the following list:

• AddChartBubble
• AddChartLabel
• AddCloud
• AddVerticalLine
• AssignBackgroundColor
• AssignNormGradientColor
• AssignPriceColor
• AssignValueColor
• color
• CreateColor
• DefineColor
• DefineGlobalColor
• EnableApproximation
• GetColor
• globalColor
• hide
• HideBubble
• hidePricePlot
• HideTitle
• setChartType
• SetDefaultColor
• setHiding
• SetLineWeight
• SetPaintingStrategy
• SetStyle
• TakeValueColor
AddChartBubble
Syntax
AddChartBubble(boolean time condition, double price
location, Any text, CustomColor color, boolean up);
Default values:
• color: Color.RED
• up: yes
Description
Adds a bubble with a text to the specified location.
Bubbles are displayed next to bars for which the time
condition is true.
The tip of the bubble is at the point specified by the price
location parameter.
The text parameter defines the text to be displayed in the
bubble.
The color parameter defines the color of the bubble.
The bubble will be displayed above the specified point if
the up parameter is true and below the specified point if it
is false.
Example
input timeFrame = {default DAY, "2 DAYS", "3 DAYS", "4
DAYS", WEEK, MONTH, "OPT EXP"};
AddChartBubble(high == high(period = timeFrame), high,

concat("High of ", concat(timeFrame, concat(": ", high))),
color.green, yes);
AddChartBubble(low == low(period = timeFrame), low,
concat("Low of ", concat(timeFrame, concat(": ", low))),
color.red, no);
This example shows bubbles with values and a description

on the selected time frame extremums.
AddChartLabel
Profile: Studies
Syntax
AddChartLabel(boolean visible, Any text, CustomColor
color);
Default values:
Description
Adds a label with a text to the top-left graph corner.
Example
AddChartLabel(yes, concat("Last price is ", close));
Displays a label with the last price.
Usage in:
AdvanceDecline; Next3rdFriday; SemiCupFormation;
WoodiesCCI.
AddCloud
Profile: Studies
Syntax
AddCloud(IDataHolder data1, IDataHolder data2,
CustomColor color1, CustomColor color2);
Default values:
• color1: Color.YELLOW
• color2: Color.RED
Description
Visualizes the difference between two values by filling the
intermediate area with a translucent background. The
sections where data1 value exceeds data2 value are
assigned color1, otherwise color2 is used. The AddCloud
function can use both defined variables and plots as
parameters.
Example 1
def OpenPrice = open;
def ClosePrice = close;
AddCloud(OpenPrice, ClosePrice, color.RED,
color.GREEN);
In this example, the AddCloud function draws a

translucent "cloud" that highlights the difference between
the OpenPrice and ClosePrice values. Green cloud
corresponds to bull candles, while red cloud corresponds
to bear candles.
Example 2
plot CurrentPrice = close;
AddCloud(CurrentPrice, PastPrice, Color.VIOLET,
Color.PINK);
In this example, the AddCloud draws the translucent

"cloud" and paints it according to the following rule:
• if CurrentPrice > PastPrice then the cloud is violet;
• if CurrentPrice < PastPrice then the cloud is pink.
Note that the order in which the arguments appear in the
AddCloud function affects the logics. For example, if you
swap over the PastPrice and the CurrentPrice:
plot CurrentPrice = close;

AddCloud(PastPrice, CurrentPrice, Color.VIOLET,
Color.PINK);
the rule will be:

• if PastPrice > CurrentPrice then the cloud is violet;
• if PastPrice < CurrentPrice then the cloud is pink.
Usage in:
Ichimoku.
AddVerticalLine
Profile: Studies
Syntax
AddVerticalLine(boolean visible, Any text, CustomColor
color, int stroke);
Default values:
• stroke: 3
Description
Adds a vertical line with specified text.
Parameters
Specify the following parameters for this function:
• visible: defines a condition controlling line visibility.
Lines are only displayed before bars for which this
parameter is true.
• text: defines a text to be shown with the line. This text
is displayed vertically to the left from the line.
• color: defines the color of the line.
• stroke: defines the style of the line. Any of the Curve
constants can be used for this parameter.
Example
input period = {WEEK, default MONTH};
AddVerticalLine((period == period.WEEK and getWeek()
<> getWeek()[1]) or (period == period.MONTH and
getMonth() <> getMonth()[1]), "", Color.ORANGE,
curve.SHORT_DASH);
The code draws orange short-dashed vertical lines with a

defined frequency.
Usage in:
SeriesCount.
AssignBackgroundColor
Profile: Studies
Syntax
AssignBackgroundColor(CustomColor color);
Description
Sets a background color. Note that when used in script for
a custom quote, this function sets the background color of
the quote cell.
Example
AssignBackgroundColor(color.DARK_RED);
Sets the background color to dark red.
AssignNormGradientColor
Profile: Studies
Syntax
AssignNormGradientColor(int length, CustomColor
lowestColor, CustomColor highestColor);
Description
Fills a plot with a gradient using the current, the lowest,
and the highest values of the last length bars to define a
specific color. If the current plot value is positive and the
highest, then it is painted with the highestColor. If the
current plot value is negative and the lowest, then it is
painted with the lowestColor. The center color of the
gradient is always situated on the zero level which means
that the positive part of the plot uses the higher colors of
the gradient, and the negative part uses the lower colors.
Example
declare lower;
input colorNormLength = 14;
input fastLength = 9;
input slowLength = 18;
plot PriceOsc = Average(close, fastLength) - Average(close,
slowLength);
PriceOsc.AssignNormGradientColor(colorNormLength,
Color.LIGHT_RED, Color.YELLOW);
The example shows the Price Oscillator study which is a

momentum study calculated as the difference between
two moving averages. The biggest positive difference for
the last colorNormLength is painted yellow, the smallest is
painted light red. The rest of the values are painted using
intermediate colors depending on how far they are located
from the two extreme points.
Usage in:
ChaikinOsc; DetrendedPriceOsc; EaseOfMovement; PriceOsc; RateOfChange; TRIX; VolumeOsc;
VolumeRateOfChange.
AssignPriceColor
Profile: Studies
Syntax
AssignPriceColor(CustomColor color);
Description
Sets a color of the price bar.
Example
declare lower;
plot MFI = MoneyFlowIndex();
plot OverBought = 80;
plot OverSold = 20;
MFI.DefineColor("OverBought", Color.ORANGE);
MFI.DefineColor("OverSold", Color.BLUE);
OverBought.SetDefaultColor(Color.GRAY);
OverSold.SetDefaultColor(Color.GRAY);
AssignPriceColor(if MFI >= OverBought then

MFI.color("OverBought") else if MFI <= OverSold then
MFI.color("OverSold") else Color.CURRENT);
In this example price bars are colored depending on the

MFI plot which refers to the MoneyFlowIndex study. If the
MFI is greater or equals 80 then the price plot is colored
orange, if the MFI is lower or equals 20 then it is colored
blue. In the rest of cases the color will not change and will
remain grey which is defined by the Color.CURRENT
constant. In order to be able to change colors for the
AssignPriceColor function without actually changing the
code, the example refers to colors of the MFI plot.
Note that you cannot paint the same price bar using
multiple studies simultaneously.
Usage in:
LBR_PaintBars; SpectrumBars; TTM_Trend.
AssignValueColor
Profile: Studies
Syntax
AssignValueColor(CustomColor color);
Description
Paints intervals of a plot with desired colors depending on
a condition. The specified colors override the default color
set for the plot. Note that when used in script for a custom
quote, this function sets the color of the quote value.
Example
plot Diff = close - close[1];
Diff.AssignValueColor(if Diff >= 0 then Color.UPTICK else
Color.DOWNTICK);
In this example, if the difference between the current

closing value and the closing value for the previous bar is
positive, the Diff plot is painted green, otherwise it is
painted red.
Colors can be specified in the following ways:

• Explicitly, for example Color.RED.
• Using the Color.UPTICK and the Color.DOWNTICK
constants. Color.UPTICK is a green color,
Color.DOWNTICK is red. For more information about
the color constants, see the Color constant in the
Constants section.
• Using the color function.
• Using the GetColor function.
• Using the CreateColor function.
•
Note that you can change colors of a plot in the Edit
Studies dialog only if you use the color function to define
these colors. In the rest of cases you can change the colors
only by editing the source code of a study.
Usage in:
ADXCrossover; ATRTrailingStop; AccelerationDecelerationOsc;
AdvanceDecline; AwesomeOscillator; BalanceOfMarketPower;
BollingerBandsCrossover; ElliotOscillator; ErgodicOsc; HullMovingAvg;
KlingerHistogram; LBR_SmartADX; LBR_ThreeTenOscillator; MACD;
MACDHistogram; MACDHistogramCrossover; MomentumCrossover;
MoneyFlowIndex; MoneyFlowIndexCrossover; MovingAvgCrossover;
ParabolicSARCrossover; PercentChg; PercentR; PersonsPivots;
PriceAverageCrossover; RSIWilder; RSIWilderCrossover;
RateOfChangeCrossover; SpectrumBars; StochasticCrossover;
TrendQuality; VolumeAvg; VolumeWeightedMACD; WoodiesCCI.
color
Profile: Studies
Syntax
color(String name);
Description
Gets a plot color using the title of the color. Note that the
color should be defined using the DefineColor function.
Example
declare lower;
plot Price = close;
Price.DefineColor("Up", Color.UPTICK);
Price.DefineColor("Down", Color.DOWNTICK);
Price.AssignValueColor(if Price >= Price[1] then
Price.color("Up") else Price.color("Down"));
The code paints the closing plot with "Up" and "Down"
colors depending on the price change as compared to the
previous bar.
Usage in:
ADXCrossover; ATRTrailingStop; AccelerationDecelerationOsc;
AdvanceDecline; AwesomeOscillator; BollingerBandsCrossover;
ChaikinOsc; DetrendedPriceOsc; EaseOfMovement; ElliotOscillator;
ErgodicOsc; HullMovingAvg; KlingerHistogram; LBR_SmartADX;
LBR_ThreeTenOscillator; MACD; MACDHistogram;
MACDHistogramCrossover; MomentumCrossover; MoneyFlowIndex;
MoneyFlowIndexCrossover; MovingAvgCrossover;
ParabolicSARCrossover; PercentChg; PercentR; PersonsPivots;
PriceAverageCrossover; PriceOsc; RSIWilder; RSIWilderCrossover;
RateOfChange; RateOfChangeCrossover; SpectrumBars;
StochasticCrossover; TRIX; TrendQuality; VolumeAvg; VolumeOsc;
VolumeRateOfChange; VolumeWeightedMACD; WoodiesCCI.
CreateColor
Profile: Studies
Syntax
CreateColor(double red, double green, double blue);
Description
Generates a color based on its rgb code.
Example
plot Price = close;
Price.SetDefaultColor(CreateColor(255, 220, 210));
This example paints the Price chart in color that has the
255, 220, 210 rgb code.
Usage in:
BeltHold; DarvasBox; Doji; MovAvgExpRibbon;
RibbonStudy.
DefineColor
Profile: Studies
Syntax
DefineColor(String name, CustomColor color);
Description
Defines a named color for a plot with the default color
value. This color can be changed in the Edit Studies
dialog.
Example
declare lower;
input length = 12;
plot Momentum = close - close[length];
Momentum.DefineColor("Positive", Color.UPTICK);
Momentum.DefineColor("Negative", Color.DOWNTICK);
Momentum.AssignValueColor(if Momentum >= 0 then
Momentum.color("Positive") else
Momentum.color("Negative"));
This example paints the Momentum plot in different colors

according to its trend. The DefineColor function defines
Positive and Negative color names as aliases for
Color.UPTICK and Color.DOWNTICK constants. You can
change the colors in the Edit Studies dialog and their
order is the same as in the source code. If the trend of the
plot is positive then it is painted in Positive (Uptick) color.
If the trend is negative, the plot is painted in Negative
(Downtick) color.
Note that in order to refer to a specific color the code uses
the color function.
Usage in:
Multiple
DefineGlobalColor
Profile: Studies
Syntax
DefineGlobalColor(String name, CustomColor color);
Description
Defines a named color for a plot with a default color value.
This color can be changed in the menu.
Example
DefineGlobalColor("Global1", CreateColor(128, 0, 128));
plot signal = high > highest(high[1]);
plot NinetyPercent = 0.9*close;
signal.SetPaintingStrategy(PaintingStrategy.BOOLEAN_AR
ROW_DOWN);
signal.SetDefaultColor(globalColor("Global1"));
NinetyPercent.SetDefaultColor(globalColor("Global1"));
This example defines and uses a global color. This color

can be changed in the Globals sub-tab of the Study
Properties.
Usage in:
Ichimoku; LBR_PaintBars; MonkeyBars; MonkeyBarsExpanded;
SeriesCount; SpectrumBars; TPOProfile; VolumeProfile.
EnableApproximation
Profile: Studies
Syntax
EnableApproximation();
Description
Connects adjacent non-NaN values.
Example
plot ZZ = ZigZagSign();
ZZ.EnableApproximation();
The first line of the code defines the ZZ plot as a reference

to the ZigZagSign plot. The second line enables the
approximation for the plot in order to connect separate
reversal points with lines.
Usage in:
FourPercentModel; ZigZagPercent; ZigZagSign.
GetColor
Syntax
GetColor(int index);
Default values:
• index: 0
Description
Gets a color from the color palette. Note that colors in
color palettes vary depending on the current Look and
Feel you are using. Despite different Look and Feels, the
colors in the color palettes are chosen in a way that your
data is visualized in an optimal way.
The following table lists the available colors for different
look and feel settings.
Index Black White and Metal
Calling GetColor with any index outside of this range is

equal to calling GetColor(AbsValue(index) % 10), that is,
the same 10 colors are repeated in a cycle.
Example
input length = 12;
plot SMA = SimpleMovingAvg(close, length);
plot EMA = MovAvgExponential(close, length);
SMA.SetDefaultColor(GetColor(1));
EMA.SetDefaultColor(GetColor(5));
This script plots two lines: the 12 period simple moving

average and exponential moving average of the Close price
using colors 1 and 5 from the predefined palette
respectively.
Usage in:
Multiple
globalColor
Profile: Studies
Syntax
globalColor(String name);
Description
Gets a plot color by name. The color should be defined by
the plot.DefineColor(name, color) statement.
Example
See the DefineGlobalColor function example.
Usage in:
Ichimoku; LBR_PaintBars; MonkeyBars;
MonkeyBarsExpanded; SeriesCount; SpectrumBars;
hide
Profile: Studies
Syntax
hide();
Description
Makes a plot hidden by default. This function may be
required to hide plot data that is not used in the analysis at
the moment.
Example
plot PriceClose = close;
plot PriceOpen = open;
PriceOpen.hide();
This example makes the PriceOpen plot invisible by

default.
Usage in:
BalanceOfMarketPower; LBR_PaintBars; MonkeyBars;
MonkeyBarsExpanded; PersonsPivots; TPOProfile;
TrueStrengthIndex; VolumeProfile.
HideBubble
Profile: Studies
Syntax
HideBubble();
Description
Makes the last value bubble of a plot invisible.
Example
plot Data = volume;
Data.HideBubble();
The example hides the last value bubble of the Data plot.
Usage in:
WoodiesCCI.
hidePricePlot
Profile: Studies
Syntax
hidePricePlot(double hide price);
Default values:
• hide price: yes
Description
Hides the price plot for the current symbol if the Boolean
condition value is yes.
Example
plot closeOnly = close;
hidePricePlot(yes);
The example code solely displays the Close price plot.

HideTitle
Profile: Studies
Syntax
HideTitle();
Description
Removes the plot value from the graph title.
Example
declare lower;
plot PriceOsc = Average(close, 9) - Average(close, 18);

plot PriceOscLine = PriceOsc;
plot ZeroLine = 0;
PriceOsc.SetDefaultColor(Color.VIOLET);
PriceOsc.SetPaintingStrategy(PaintingStrategy.HISTOGRA
M);
PriceOscLine.SetDefaultColor(Color.LIGHT_GRAY);
PriceOscLine.HideTitle();
ZeroLine.SetDefaultColor(Color.PINK);
ZeroLine.HideTitle();
The example draws the Price Oscillator study consisting of

two plots - a histogram and line. The HideTitle function is
used to deallocate equal values of PriceOsc and
PriceOscLine plots and a permanent zero value for the
ZeroLine plot from the status string.
Usage in:
LBR_ThreeTenOscillator; WoodiesCCI.
setChartType
Profile: Studies
Syntax
setChartType(double chart type);
Description
Sets a desirable non-Monkey chart type directly from the
script. Note that you can also set the chart type along with
its color settings within the Chart Settings window, for
more information on that, see the Appearance Settings
article.
Valid parameters are:

• ChartType.AREA
• ChartType.BAR
• ChartType.CANDLE
• ChartType.CANDLE_TREND
• ChartType.HEIKIN_ASHI
• ChartType.LINE
For more information about the constants, see the
ChartType constants section.
Example
plot price = close;
setChartType(ChartType.AREA);
This code sets the Area chart type and outlines it with the
Close price plot.
SetDefaultColor
Profile: Studies
Syntax
SetDefaultColor(CustomColor color);
Description
Sets the default color of a plot. This setting affects the color
of the plot when the study is first initialized or added to
the chart.
Example
plot Data = close;
Data.SetDefaultColor(color.RED);
The example sets the default color of the Data plot to red.
Usage in:
Multiple
setHiding
Profile: Studies
Syntax
setHiding(double condition);
Description
Controls visibility of a plot depending on a condition. If
this condition is true, the plot is hidden; otherwise the plot
is visible.
Example
plot DailyClose = close(period = AggregationPeriod.DAY);
plot WeeklyClose = close(period =
plot MonthlyClose = close(period =
DailyClose.SetHiding(getAggregationPeriod() >=
AggregationPeriod.DAY);
WeeklyClose.SetHiding(getAggregationPeriod() >=
MonthlyClose.SetHiding(getAggregationPeriod() >=
In this example, the daily plot is hidden if the aggregation

period is greater than or equal to one day. The weekly plot
is hidden if the aggregation period is not less than one
week week. The monthly plot is hidden if the aggregation
period is greater than or equal to one month. For more
information about the aggregation period, see the
AggregationPeriod article in the Constants section.
Usage in:
PersonsPivots.
SetLineWeight
Profile: Studies
Syntax
SetLineWeight(int lineWeight);
Description
Sets a weight of a line.
Example
plot Price = close;
Price.SetLineWeight(5);
This code sets the weight of a line to 5. The value is

measured in pixels and ranges from 1 to 5 inclusively.
Usage in:
Multiple
SetPaintingStrategy
Profile: Studies
Syntax
SetPaintingStrategy(int paintingStrategy);
Description
Controls a painting style of a line. For a list of valid style
parameters, see the PaintingStrategy constant in the
Constants section.
Example
plot Data = open;
Data.setPaintingStrategy(PaintingStrategy.HISTOGRAM);
In this example, the painting style of the Data plot is a

histogram.
Usage in:
Multiple
SetStyle
Profile: Studies
Syntax
SetStyle(int curve);
Description
Controls a style of a curve.
Valid parameters are:

• Curve.FIRM
• Curve.LONG_DASH
• Curve.MEDIUM_DASH
• Curve.SHORT_DASH
• Curve.POINTS
For more information about the constants, see the Curve

constant in the Constants section.
Example
plot Data = low;
Data.setStyle(Curve.SHORT_DASH);
This example script draws the Low price plot using a

short-dashed curve.
Usage in:
BollingerBandwidth; PersonsPivots; WoodiesPivots.
TakeValueColor
Profile: Studies
Syntax
TakeValueColor();
Description
Returns the color of the current bar.
Example
input length = 12;
plot Avg = Average(price, length);
AddChartBubble(Avg == HighestAll(Avg), Avg, "Max.
Average", Avg.TakeValueColor());
In this example, the TakeValueColor is called to ensure

that the bubble is the same color as the SMA plot.
Usage in:
Next3rdFriday; WoodiesCCI.
o Profiles
This section contains articles on profile functions used in
thinkScript.
The list of functions:

• getHighest
• getHighestValueArea
• getLowest
• getLowestValueArea
• getPointOfControl
• monkeyBars
• show
• timeProfile
• volumeProfile
getHighest
Profile: Studies
Syntax
getHighest();
Description
Returns the highest price value reached by the instrument
within the time period for which the profile is
accumulated.
Example
def yyyymmdd = getYyyyMmDd();
def day_number = daysFromDate(first(yyyymmdd)) +
getDayOfWeek(first(yyyymmdd));
def period = Floor(day_number / 7);
def cond = 0 < period - period[1];
profile vol = volumeProfile("startNewProfile" = cond,
"onExpansion" = no);
vol.show();
plot b = vol.getHighest();
This script plots the High price for each weekly Volume
profile.
Usage in:
VolumeProfile.
getHighestValueArea
Profile: Studies
Syntax
getHighestValueArea();
Description
Returns the highest price of the profile's Value Area.
Example
vol.show("va color" = Color.YELLOW);
plot b = vol.getHighestValueArea();
This script plots the highest price of each weekly Volume

profile's Value Area.
Usage in:
VolumeProfile.
getLowest
Profile: Studies
Syntax
getLowest();
Description
Returns the lowest price value reached by the instrument
within the time period for which the profile is
accumulated.
Example
vol.show();
plot b = vol.getLowest();
This script plots the Low price for each weekly Volume
profile.
Usage in:
VolumeProfile.
getLowestValueArea
Profile: Studies
Syntax
getLowestValueArea();
Description
Returns the lowest price of the profile's Value Area.
Example
plot b = vol.getLowestValueArea();
This script plots the lowest price of each weekly Volume

profile's Value Area.
Usage in:
VolumeProfile.
getPointOfControl
Profile: Studies
Syntax
getPointOfControl();
Description
Returns the price value of the Point of Control level closest
to the middle of profile's price range.
Example
def period = floor(day_number / 7);
profile tpo = timeProfile("startNewProfile" = cond,
tpo.show();
plot b = tpo.getPointOfControl();
This script displays the Point of Control plot for weekly

TPO profiles.
Usage in:
VolumeProfile.
monkeyBars
Profile: Studies
Syntax
monkeyBars(IDataHolder timeInterval, String symbol,
double pricePerRow, IDataHolder startNewProfile, int
onExpansion, int numberOfProfiles, double the playground
percent, boolean emphasize first digit);
Default values:
• pricePerRow: PricePerRow.AUTOMATIC
• startNewProfile: all chart
• onExpansion: yes
• numberOfProfiles: "all"
• the playground percent: 70.0
• emphasize first digit: 0
Description
Calculates the Monkey Bars profile with user-defined
paramaters.
The timeInterval parameter defines an ordinal number of
aggregation period. The first decade is displayed as digits
0-9 in the first palette color, the second decade is
displayed as digits 0-9 in the second palette color, and so
on. Note that a named variable must be used for this
parameter.
The symbol parameter defines a symbol to calculate
Monkey Bars for.
The pricePerRow parameter defines the "height" (price
range) of each row of Monkey Bars. This value can be
defined by an actual price range or a PricePerRow
constant.
The startNewProfile parameter defines a condition; when
it is true, the monkeyBars function is given a trigger signal
to calculate the new profile. Note that a named variable
must be used for this parameter.
The onExpansion parameter defines whether or not to
show Monkey Bars on the expansion area of the chart.
The numberOfProfiles parameter defines the number of
profiles to be displayed if onExpansion is set to no. If
onExpansion is set to yes then this parameter is ignored
and only one profile is shown.
The the playground percent parameter sets the percentage
of the trading activity for which The Playground is
determined.
The emphasize first digit parameter defines whether or
not to highlight the opening digit of each period in bold.
Example
def timeInterval = getDayOfMonth(yyyymmdd);
def allchart = 0;
profile monkey = monkeyBars(timeInterval,
"startNewprofile"=allchart);
monkey.show();
This script displays Monkey Bars with 1 day aggregation

period for the whole chart.
Usage in:
MonkeyBars.
show
Profile: Studies
Syntax
show(CustomColor color, CustomColor poc color,
CustomColor va color, double opacity, CustomColor open
color, CustomColor close color);
Default values:
• color: Color.PLUM
• poc color: Color.CURRENT
• va color: Color.CURRENT
• opacity: 50.0
• open color: Color.CURRENT
• close color: Color.CURRENT
Description
Controls visibility and color scheme of Time, Volume, and
Monkey Bars profiles. Note that profiles calculated by the
corresponding functions will only be visible if the show
function is applied to them.
The color parameter defines the main color of Time and
Volume profile bars.
The poc color parameter defines the color of the Point of
Control.
The va color parameter defines the color of the Value Area.
The opacity parameter sets the degree of histogram
opacity, in percent.
The open color parameter defines the color of the square
marking the Monkey Bars' Open price.
The close color parameter defines the color of the arrow
marking the Monkey Bars' Close price.
Note that when Color.CURRENT is used for any of the
elements (profile itself, point of control, value area), that
element is not displayed.
Example
This script displays weekly Volume profiles with Value

Area highlighted in yellow.
Usage in:
VolumeProfile.
timeProfile
Profile: Studies
Syntax
timeProfile(String symbol, double pricePerRow,
IDataHolder startNewProfile, int onExpansion, int
numberOfProfiles, double value area percent);
Default values:
• value area percent: 70.0
Description
Displays the time price opportunity (TPO) profile with
user-defined calculation parameters.
The symbol parameter defines a symbol to calculate the
TPO profile for.
range) of each row of the profile. This value can be defined
by an actual price range or a PricePerRow constant.
it is true, the function is given a trigger signal to calculate
the new TPO profile. Note that a named variable must be
used for this parameter.
The onExpansion parameter defines whether or not the
profile is shown on the expansion area of the chart.
The value area percent parameter sets the percentage of
the trading activity for which the Value Area is
determined.
Example
def allchart = 0;
profile tpo = timeProfile("startnewprofile"=allchart);
tpo.show("color"=Color.BLUE);
This script plots TPO profile study (colored blue) that

aggregates all chart data on the right expansion.
Usage in:
TPOProfile.
volumeProfile
Profile: Studies
Syntax
volumeProfile(String symbol, double pricePerRow,
IDataHolder startNewProfile, int onExpansion, int
numberOfProfiles, double value area percent);
Default values:
• value area percent: 70.0
Description
Displays the volume profile with user-defined calculation
parameters.
The symbol parameter defines a symbol to calculate the
volume profile for.
range) of each row of the profile. This value can be defined
by an actual price range or a PricePerRow constant.
it is true, the function is given a trigger signal to calculate
the new volume profile. Note that a named variable must
be used for this parameter.
The onExpansion parameter defines whether or not the
profile is shown on the expansion area of the chart.
The value area percent parameter sets the percentage of
the trading activity for which the Value Area is
determined.
Example
def allchart = 0;
profile vol = volumeProfile("startnewprofile"=allchart);
vol.show("color"=Color.YELLOW);
This script plots Volume profile study (colored yellow)

that aggregates all chart data on the right expansion.
Usage in:
VolumeProfile.
o Others
This section contains functions not fitting the rest of the
sections. Each of the functions is used as a supplement for
technical analysis.

• addOrder
• alert
• barNumber
• between
• compoundValue
• concat
• entryPrice
• first
• fundamental
• getAggregationPeriod
• getInterestRate
• getSymbolPart
• getValue
• getYield
• if
• tickSize
• tickValue
addOrder
Profile: Strategies
Syntax
addOrder(int type, IDataHolder condition, IDataHolder
price, IDataHolder tradeSize, CustomColor tickColor,
CustomColor arrowColor);
Default values:
• type: OrderType.CONDITIONAL
• price: open[-1]
• tradeSize: specified by strategy settings
• tickColor: Color.MAGENTA
• arrowColor: Color.MAGENTA
Description
Adds an order of specified side and position effect for the
next bar when the condition is true.
The type parameter defines order side and position effect
using the OrderType constants.
The condition parameter defines the condition upon which
the order is added.
The price parameter defines the price at which the order is
added. Note that the default value of this parameter is
open[-1], which means that the order will be added at the
Open price of the next bar.
The tradeSize parameter defines the number of contracts
traded. Note that this value overrides the trade size
specified in Strategy Global Settings.
The tickColor parameter defines the color of tick marking
the trade price.
The arrowColor parameter defines the color of arrow,
strategy name and current position.
Example
addOrder(OrderType.BUY_AUTO, close > close[1], open[-
2], 50, Color.ORANGE, Color.ORANGE);
If the current Close price is higher than the previous, the

code opens the long position or closes the short one at the
Open price of the second bar from the current. The trade
size will be equal to 50, and the signals will be colored
orange.
Usage in:
ATRTrailingStopLE; ATRTrailingStopSE; BollingerBandsLE;
BollingerBandsSE; ConsBarsDownSE; ConsBarsUpLE; GapDownSE;
GapUpLE; InsideBarLE; InsideBarSE; KeyRevLE; KeyRevLX;
MomentumLE; PriceZoneOscillatorLE; PriceZoneOscillatorLX;
PriceZoneOscillatorSE; PriceZoneOscillatorSX; ProfitTargetLX;
ProfitTargetSX; SpectrumBarsLE; StopLossLX; StopLossSX;
ThreeBarInsideBarLE; ThreeBarInsideBarSE; TrailingStopLX;
TrailingStopSX; VoltyExpanCloseLX.
alert
Syntax
alert(IDataHolder condition, String text, int alert type,
String sound);
Default values:
• alert type: Alert.ONCE
• sound: Sound.NoSound
Description
Shows an alert message with the text and plays the sound
when the condition is true. Note that you can create
studies containing only alert function call without defining
any plots.
Take the following limitation into consideration:
If the chart is inactive (detached window with the chart is
minimized or subtab with the chart is not on focus in main
window), then it is not refreshed and thinkScript functions
are not recalculated. As a result, the condition for the alert
function is not checked and the local alert cannot be
triggered.
Valid alert type parameters are:

• Alert.ONCE
• Alert.BAR
• Alert.TICK
Valid sound parameters are:

• Sound.Bell
• Sound.Chimes
• Sound.Ding
• Sound.NoSound
• Sound.Ring
Example 1
alert(Crosses(close, average(close, 15),
CrossingDirection.Above), "Closing price crosses over
SMA!");
This alert is triggered on the first cross of the closing price

over the SMA with the length equal to 15. It can be
triggered only once and does not play any sound, because
it uses default values Alert.ONCE and Sound.NoSound for
the alert type and sound.
Example 2
def condition = Crosses(Average(close, 15), Average(close,
30), CrossingDirection.Above);
alert(condition, "Bullish!", Alert.BAR);
This alert is triggered when the fast average crosses the

slow average and shows the corresponding text message.
It can be triggered once per bar and does not play any
sound, because it uses Alert.BAR value for the alert type
and default Sound.NoSound value for the sound.
Example 3
alert(close >= 100 and close < 200, "100 <= Tick < 200!",
Alert.TICK, Sound.Ding);
alert(close >= 200, "Tick > 200!", Alert.TICK,
Sound.Chimes);
First alert is triggered for each tick greater than 100, but
less than 200 and the second alert - for each tick greater
than 200. Both alerts also display a text and play sound
other than default.
Usage in:
LBR_SmartADX.
barNumber
Syntax
barNumber();
Description
Returns the current bar number.
Example 1
declare lower;
input length = 14;
plot RSquared = Sqr(correlation(barNumber(), close,
length));
The output value of barNumber increments by one on each

new bar and represents a linear dependency. For this
reason it can be used to calculate values for the RSquared
plot that approximates the price with the linear regression
trendline.
Example 2
declare lower;
plot Data = if barNumber() <= 5 then 100 else if
barNumber() == 6 or barNumber() == 7 then 150 else
200;
The examples draws the Data plot depending on the bar

number. If the number is less or equal to 5 then its value is
100, if the number is 5 or 6 then 150, in the rest of the
cases its value is 200.
Usage in:
DarvasBox; DynamicMomentumIndex; MonkeyBars;
MonkeyBarsExpanded; SemiCupFormation; TPOProfile;
VolumeProfile; ZigZagPercent; ZigZagSign.
between
Syntax
between(double parameter, double value1, double
value2);
Description
Tests if the specified parameter is within the range of
value1 and value2 inclusively. The function returns 1
(true) if the data is between the two parameter values, and
0 (false) if the data is outside of the two parameter values.
Example
declare lower;
input lowLimit = 140.0;
input highLimit = 160.0;
plot Between1 = between(close, lowLimit, highLimit);
plot Between2 = close >= lowLimit and close <= highLimit;
The code will return 1 if the closing price is between

lowLimit and highLimit, and 0 if the closing price is below
lowLimit or above highLimit. The example also shows the
alternative solution to the between function implemented
using the double inequality.
compoundValue
Syntax
compoundValue(int length, IDataHolder visible data,
IDataHolder historical data);
Default values:
• length: 1
Description
Calculates a compound value according to following rule: if
a bar number is bigger than length then the visible data
value is returned, otherwise the historical data value is
returned. This function is used to initialize studies with
recursion.
Example
declare lower;
rec x = compoundValue(2, x[1] + x[2], 1);
plot FibonacciNumbers = x;
The example calculates the Fibonacci sequence. Starting

from the third bar each following number is calculated as
the sum of the previous two numbers while the numbers
for the first two bars are equal to one. As a result you will
get a plot containing values 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, etc.
Usage in:
CyberCyclesOscillator; DarvasBox; HeikinAshiDiff;
LegacyEMA; MonkeyBars; MonkeyBarsExpanded;
MovAvgAdaptive; NegativeVolumeIndex;
PositiveVolumeIndex; RelativeStrength;
ReverseEngineeringRSI; TPOProfile; VWAP; VariableMA;
VolumeProfile.
concat
Syntax
concat(Any value1, Any value2);
Description
Concatenates two string values. If the values' type is not
string it is first converted to a string (for doubles it saves
four decimal places)
Example
AddChartLabel(yes, concat("SMA (", concat(symbol,
concat(", 10): ", round(Average(close(symbol), 10), 1)))));
This example displays a constantly visible chart label with

the SMA of the given symbol with the length equal to 10
rounded to one decimal place.
Usage in:
AdvanceDecline; Next3rdFriday; SemiCupFormation;
WoodiesCCI.
entryPrice
Profile: Strategies
Syntax
entryPrice();
Description
Returns the price of the entry order. For several entry
orders in the same direction as the currently held position
the function returns the average price for all of them.
Example
declare LONG_EXIT;
addOrder(close > entryPrice() + 3 or close < entryPrice() -
9);
Defines a selling strategy for closing a long position when

either the closing price is greater than the entry price by 3
for taking profits or less by 9 for safety.
Usage in:
ProfitTargetLX; ProfitTargetSX; SpectrumBarsLE; StopLossLX; StopLossSX; ThreeBarInsideBarLE;
ThreeBarInsideBarSE; TrailingStopLX; TrailingStopSX.
first
Syntax
first(IDataHolder data);
Description
Returns the value of the parameter expression in the first
bar.
Example
declare lower;
def close1 = first(close);
plot Data = (close - close1) / close1 * 100;
The code calculates the close price percentage move on

the analogy of the Percentage View mode for charts. In this
example the parameter expression for the first function is
close. This means that the close1 variable always holds
close for the first bar.
Usage in:
MonkeyBars; MonkeyBarsExpanded; TPOProfile; VWAP;
VolumeProfile.
fundamental
Syntax
fundamental(int fundamentalType, String symbol, Any
period, String priceType);
Default values:
Description
This function is generalization of fundamental functions,
i.e. it returns the specified price for the chosen symbol,
aggregation period, and price type.
This function should be used with one of the Fundamental
Type constants to perform as the corresponding
fundamental function. For more information about these
constants, see the Fundamental Type constants section.
You can use both Aggregation Period constants and pre-
defined string values (e.g. Day, 2 Days, Week, Month, etc.)
as valid parameters for the aggregation period. The full list
of the pre-defined string values can be found in the
Referencing Secondary Aggregation article.

• LAST
Example
declare lower;
input price = FundamentalType.CLOSE;

input relationWithSecurity = "SPX";
def price1 = fundamental(price);

def price2 = fundamental(price, relationWithSecurity);
plot Relation = if price2 == 0 then Double.NaN else price1
/ price2;
Relation.SetDefaultColor(GetColor(1));
This script exemplifies usage of the fundamental function

in the Symbol Relation study.
Usage in:
DailySMA; SymbolRelation.
getAggregationPeriod
Syntax
getAggregationPeriod();
Description
Returns the current aggregation period in milliseconds for
time charts and in ticks for tick charts. The aggregation
period is the number of milliseconds (ticks) required to
complete a candle on the current chart time frame. You
can use this function in combination with aggregation
period constants. For more information about the
constants see the Constants section.
Example
input lengthIntraday = 20;
input lengthDaily = 10;
plot data;
if getAggregationPeriod() < AggregationPeriod.DAY {
data = Average(close, lengthIntraday);
} else {
data = Average(close, lengthDaily);
}
The example plots the simple moving average depending

on an aggregation period. If the aggregation period is
shorter than day, then it calculates the average on the
lengthIntraday period. For daily and longer aggregations it
calculates the average on the lengthDaily period.
Usage in:
VWAP; WoodiesCCI.
getInterestRate
Syntax
getInterestRate();
Description
Returns the global interest rate.
Example
declare lower;
input loan = 1000;
plot Charge = loan * getInterestRate();
AddChartLabel(yes, concat("Interest Rate: ",
getInterestRate() * 100));
This example draws a charge for the loan at the current

interest rate displayed in the chart label.
getSymbolPart
Syntax
getSymbolPart(int position);
Default values:
• position: 1
Description
Returns a part of the composite symbol.
Example
declare lower;
plot Spreads = close(getSymbolPart(1)) -

close(getSymbolPart(2));
The code calculates the spread between the first and

second parts of the composite symbol. Note that the
normalized form of representation is used when defining
parts a composite index. The form implies the sorting in
the ascending order. For example, if you specify the
"KO+GE" composite then it will be represented as
"GE+KO" and it's first part will be "GE", not "KO", as it was
during the input.
Usage in:
PairCorrelation; PairRatio.
getValue
Syntax
getValue(IDataHolder data, IDataHolder dynamic offset,
int max offset);
Default values:
• max offset: 0
Description
Returns the value of data with the specified dynamic
offset. AbsValue('dynamic offset') should be less or equal
than max offset.
Example
plot ClosingPriceForHighestHigh = getValue(close,
GetMaxValueOffset(high, 12), 12);
The example draws a closing price plot for a bar where the
high price was at its maximum for the last 12 bars.
Usage in:
DarvasBox; DynamicMomentumIndex; LookUpHighest;
LookUpLowest; MESASineWave; PolychromMtm;
RandomWalkIndex; SemiCupFormation; ZigZagPercent;
ZigZagSign.
getYield
Syntax
getYield();
Description
Returns the yield of the current stock or the underlying
symbol for the current option.
Example
declare lower;
plot CurrentYield = getYield() * 100;
AddChartLabel(yes, concat("Annual Dividends: ",
getYield() * close));
This script plots the current yield line and places a chart
label indicating annual dividends.
if
Syntax
if(double condition, double true value, double false value);
Description
Returns true value if condition is true and false value
otherwise. There are two ways to use the function. First,
you can use it as the right side of an equation with 3
parameters: a condition, a true value and a false value.
Secondly, you can use it in a conjunction with else to
create more complex conditions.
Note that input arguments can only be numerical of type
double. If other values are needed (e.g. Color constants),
use the if-expression. E.g. for CustomColor arguments, the
following code is valid:
AssignPriceColor(if close > open then Color.UPTICK else

Color.DOWNTICK);
The following script will result in compilation error as

type CustomColor is not compatible with type double:
AssignPriceColor(if(close > open, Color.UPTICK,

Color.DOWNTICK));
Example
plot Maximum1 = if(close > open, close, open);
plot Maximum2 = if close > open then close else open;
plot Maximum3;
if close > open {
Maximum3 = close;
} else {
Maximum3 = open;
}
The code draws either close or open value depending on

the condition in the if-statement. If close is higher than
open, then close is drawn, otherwise open is drawn.
Maximum2 and Maximum3 plots use alternative solutions
such as if-expression and if-statement correspondingly.
Usage in:
DarvasBox.
tickSize
Syntax
tickSize(String symbol);
Default values:
Description
Returns the minimum possible tick size for the current
symbol.
Example
input numberOfTicks = 3;
plot OverBought = Highest(high)[1] + numberOfTicks *
tickSize();
plot OverSold = Lowest(low)[1] - numberOfTicks *
tickSize();
plot BreakOut = if Close >= OverBought then Close else if
Close <= OverSold then Close else Double.NaN;
Breakout.SetPaintingStrategy(PaintingStrategy.POINTS);
Breakout.SetLineWeight(3);
Breakout.HideBubble();
Initially the example draws the OverBought and OverSold

plots. The OverBought plot is calculated by adding the
given number of ticks to the highest price for the last 12
bars starting from previous bar. The OverSold plot is
calculated the same way but by subtracting the ticks from
the lowest price. If the close price is out of the area of the
first two plots the code displays the BreakOut plot.
Usage in:
ProfitTargetLX; ProfitTargetSX; StopLossLX; StopLossSX;
TrailingStopLX; TrailingStopSX; WoodiesCCI.
tickValue
Syntax
tickValue(String symbol);
Default values:
Description
Returns the dollar value of a symbol tick.
Example
AddChartLabel(yes, concat("Contract size is ",
tickValue()/tickSize()));
In this example the contract size is calculated using the

tick size and value.
o Constants
The thinkscript provides constants in order to be able to use
the script more efficiently. For example, you can use
aggregation period constants to pick an aggregation for your
study. Or you can paint your chart using different color
constants.
Choose your constant from the list:

• AggregationPeriod 257
• Alert 268
• ChartType 269
• Color 273
• CrossingDirection 283
• Curve 285
• Double 289
• EarningTime 291
• FundamentalType 293
• OrderType 297
• PaintingStrategy 299
• PricePerRow 309
• Sound 310
o AggregationPeriod
Aggregation period constants define a specific aggregation
period for your studies and strategies. The period length varies
from one minute to option expiration.
Choose an aggregation period from the list:

• MIN
• TWO_MIN
• THREE_MIN
• FOUR_MIN
• FIVE_MIN
• TEN_MIN
• FIFTEEN_MIN
• TWENTY_MIN
• THIRTY_MIN
• HOUR
• TWO_HOURS
• FOUR_HOURS
• DAY
• TWO_DAYS
• THREE_DAYS
• FOUR_DAYS
• WEEK
• MONTH
• OPT_EXP
MIN
Syntax
AggregationPeriod.MIN
Description
Defines the aggregation period equal to one minute
(60,000 milliseconds).
Example
def agg = AggregationPeriod.MIN;
plot data = close(period = agg);
This example script draws the Close price plot with

aggregation period equal to one minute. Note that
aggregation period used in this example cannot be less
than chart aggregation period.
See also getAggregationPeriod function in the Others
section.
TWO_MIN
Syntax
AggregationPeriod.TWO_MIN
Description
Defines the aggregation period equal to two minutes
Example
def agg = AggregationPeriod.TWO_MIN;

aggregation period equal to two minutes. Note that
section.
THREE_MIN
Syntax
AggregationPeriod.THREE_MIN
Description
Defines the aggregation period equal to three minutes
Example
def agg = AggregationPeriod.THREE_MIN;

aggregation period equal to three minutes. Note that
section.
FOUR_MIN
Syntax
AggregationPeriod.FOUR_MIN
Description
Defines the aggregation period equal to four minutes
Example
def agg = AggregationPeriod.FOUR_MIN;

aggregation period equal to four minutes. Note that
section.
FIVE_MIN
Syntax
AggregationPeriod.FIVE_MIN
Description
Defines the aggregation period equal to five minutes
Example
def agg = AggregationPeriod.FIVE_MIN;

aggregation period equal to five minutes. Note that
section.
TEN_MIN
Syntax
AggregationPeriod.TEN_MIN
Description
Defines the aggregation period equal to ten minutes
Example
def agg = AggregationPeriod.TEN_MIN;

aggregation period equal to ten minutes. Note that
section.
FIFTEEN_MIN
Syntax
AggregationPeriod.FIFTEEN_MIN
Description
Defines the aggregation period equal to fifteen minutes
Example
def agg = AggregationPeriod.FIFTEEN_MIN;

aggregation period equal to fifteen minutes. Note that
section.
TWENTY_MIN
Syntax
AggregationPeriod.TWENTY_MIN
Description
Defines the aggregation period equal to twenty minutes
(1,200,000 milliseconds).
Example
def agg = AggregationPeriod.TWENTY_MIN;

aggregation period equal to twenty minutes. Note that
section.
THIRTY_MIN
Syntax
AggregationPeriod.THIRTY_MIN
Description
Defines the aggregation period equal to thirty minutes
Example
def agg = AggregationPeriod.THIRTY_MIN;

aggregation period equal to thirty minutes. Note that
See the getAggregationPeriod function in the Others
section.
HOUR
Syntax
AggregationPeriod.HOUR
Description
Defines the aggregation period equal to one hour
Example
def agg = AggregationPeriod.HOUR;

aggregation period equal to one hour. Note that
section.
TWO_HOURS
Syntax
AggregationPeriod.TWO_HOURS
Description
Defines the aggregation period equal to two hours
Example
def agg = AggregationPeriod.TWO_HOURS;

aggregation period equal to two hours. Note that
section.
FOUR_HOURS
Syntax
AggregationPeriod.FOUR_HOURS
Description
Defines the aggregation period equal to four hours
Example
def agg = AggregationPeriod.FOUR_HOURS;

aggregation period equal to four hours. Note that
section.
DAY
Syntax
AggregationPeriod.DAY
Description
Defines the aggregation period equal to one day
Example
def agg = AggregationPeriod.DAY;
This example script draws the daily Close price plot. Note
that aggregation period used in this example cannot be
less than chart aggregation period.
section.
TWO_DAYS
Syntax
AggregationPeriod.TWO_DAYS
Description
Defines the aggregation period equal to two days
Example
def agg = AggregationPeriod.TWO_DAYS;

aggregation period equal to two days. Note that
section.
THREE_DAYS
Syntax
AggregationPeriod.THREE_DAYS
Description
Defines the aggregation period equal to three days
(259,200,000 milliseconds)
Example
def agg = AggregationPeriod.THREE_DAYS;

aggregation period equal to three days. Note that
section.
FOUR_DAYS
Syntax
AggregationPeriod.FOUR_DAYS
Description
Defines the aggregation period equal to four days
Example
def agg = AggregationPeriod.FOUR_DAYS;

aggregation period equal to four days. Note that
section.
WEEK
Syntax
AggregationPeriod.WEEK
Description
Defines the aggregation period equal to one week
(604,800,000 milliseconds)
Example
def agg = AggregationPeriod.WEEK;
This example script draws the weekly Close price plot.

Note that aggregation period used in this example cannot
be less than chart aggregation period.
section.
MONTH
Syntax
AggregationPeriod.MONTH
Description
Defines the aggregation period equal to one month
(2,592,000,000 milliseconds).
Example
def agg = AggregationPeriod.MONTH;

aggregation period equal to one month. Note that
section.
OPT_EXP
Syntax
AggregationPeriod.OPT_EXP
Description
Defines the aggregation period equal to option expiration
(2,678,400,000 milliseconds).
Example
def agg = AggregationPeriod.OPT_EXP;

aggregation period equal to option expiration. Note that
section.
o Alert
Alert constants represent different types of alerts for the alert
function.
Choose an alert constant from the list:

• BAR
• ONCE
• TICK
BAR
Syntax
Alert.BAR
Description
Defines the alert that can be triggered only once per bar.
Example
See the alert function in the Others section.
ONCE
Syntax
Alert.ONCE
Description
Defines the alert that can be triggered only once after
adding a study.
Example
TICK
Syntax
Alert.TICK
Description
Defines the alert that can be triggered after each tick.
Example
o ChartType
In this section you will find information on the constants used
in setChartType function.
• BAR
• CANDLE
• CANDLE_TREND
• HEIKIN_ASHI
• LINE
• AREA
BAR
Syntax
ChartType.BAR
Description
Used in setChartType function to set the Bar chart type.
Example
See the setChartType article in the Look and Feel functions
section.
CANDLE
Syntax
ChartType.CANDLE
Description
Used in setChartType function to set the Candle chart type.
Example
section.
CANDLE_TREND
Syntax
ChartType.CANDLE_TREND
Description
Used in setChartType function to set the Candle Trend
chart type.
Example
section.
HEIKIN_ASHI
Syntax
ChartType.HEIKIN_ASHI
Description
Used in setChartType function to set the Heikin Ashi chart
type.
Example
section.
LINE
Syntax
ChartType.LINE
Description
Used in setChartType function to set the Line chart type.
Example
section.
AREA
Syntax
ChartType.AREA
Description
Used in setChartType function to set the Area chart type.
Example
section.
o Color
The thinkScript provides the set of constants for colors.
Here is the full list of the colors:

• BLACK
• BLUE
• CURRENT
• CYAN
• DARK_GRAY
• DARK_GREEN
• DARK_ORANGE
• DARK_RED
• DOWNTICK
• GRAY
• GREEN
• LIGHT_GRAY
• LIGHT_GREEN
• LIGHT_ORANGE
• LIGHT_RED
• LIME
• MAGENTA
• ORANGE
• PINK
• PLUM
• RED
• UPTICK
• VIOLET
• WHITE
• YELLOW
Example
See the SetDefaultColor function in the Look and Feel functions
section.
BLACK
Syntax
Color.BLACK
Description
Defines the black color. Its RGB representation is (0, 0, 0).
Sample
BLUE
Syntax
Color.BLUE
Description
Defines the blue color. Its RGB representation is (0, 0,
255).
Sample
CURRENT
Syntax
Color.CURRENT
Description
Refers to the default plot color (or redefined color in case
it was changed on the UI). When using the
AssignPriceColor function the constant is responsible for
price bars color. In combintaion with the
AssignBackgroundColor function the constant defines the
corresponding background color.
CYAN
Syntax
Color.CYAN
Description
Defines the cyan color. Its RGB representation is (0, 255,
255).
Sample
DARK_GRAY
Syntax
Color.DARK_GRAY
Description
Defines the dark gray color. Its RGB representation is (64,
64, 64).
Sample
DARK_GREEN
Syntax
Color.DARK_GREEN
Description
Defines the dark green color. Its RGB representation is (0,
100, 0).
Sample
DARK_ORANGE
Syntax
Color.DARK_ORANGE
Description
Defines the dark orange color. Its RGB representation is
(255, 127, 0).
Sample
DARK_RED
Syntax
Color.DARK_RED
Description
Defines the dark red color. Its RGB representation is (128,
0, 0).
Sample
DOWNTICK
Syntax
Color.DOWNTICK
Description
Defines the downtick color. Its RGB representation is (204,
0, 0).
Sample
GRAY
Syntax
Color.GRAY
Description
Defines the gray color. Its RGB representation is (128, 128,
128).
Sample
GREEN
Syntax
Color.GREEN
Description
Defines the green color. Its RGB representation is (0, 255,
0).
Sample
LIGHT_GRAY
Syntax
Color.LIGHT_GRAY
Description
Defines the light gray color. Its RGB representation is (192,
192, 192).
Sample
LIGHT_GREEN
Syntax
Color.LIGHT_GREEN
Description
Defines the light green color. Its RGB representation is
(144, 238, 114).
Sample
LIGHT_GREEN
Syntax
Color.LIGHT_GREEN
Description
Defines the light green color. Its RGB representation is
(144, 238, 114).
Sample
LIGHT_RED
Syntax
Color.LIGHT_RED
Description
Defines the light red color. Its RGB representation is (255,
63, 0).
Sample
LIME
Syntax
Color.LIME
Description
Defines the lime color. Its RGB representation is (191, 255,
0).
Sample
MAGENTA
Syntax
Color.MAGENTA
Description
Defines the magenta color. Its RGB representation is (255,
0, 255).
Sample
ORANGE
Syntax
Color.ORANGE
Description
Defines the orange color. Its RGB representation is (255,
200, 0).
Sample
PINK
Syntax
Color.PINK
Description
Defines the pink color. Its RGB representation is (255, 175,
175).
Sample
PLUM
Syntax
Color.PLUM;
Description
Defines the plum color. Its RGB representation is (128, 0,
128).
Sample
RED
Syntax
Color.RED
Description
Defines the red color. Its RGB representation is (255, 0, 0).
Sample
UPTICK
Syntax
Color.UPTICK
Description
Defines the uptick color. Its RGB representation is (3, 128,
0).
Sample
VIOLET
Syntax
Color.VIOLET
Description
Defines the violet color. Its RGB representation is (153,
153, 255).
Sample
WHITE
Syntax
Color.WHITE
Description
Defines the white color. Its RGB representation is (255,
255, 255).
Sample
YELLOW
Syntax
Color.YELLOW
Description
Defines the yellow color. Its RGB representation is (255,
255, 0).
Sample
o CrossingDirection
Crossing direction constants define a specific switch of the
relationship between arguments of the Crosses function.
Choose a crossing direction constant from the list:
• Above
• Below
• Any
Above
Syntax
CrossingDirection.Above
Description
This constant is used with the Crosses function to find
when the first value becomes greater than the second.
Note that this constant can be replaced with reserved
word yes.
Example
plot crossing = Crosses(close, avg,
CrossingDirection.Above);
crossing.SetPaintingStrategy(PaintingStrategy.BOOLEAN_
ARROW_UP);
This code marks the bars at which the Close price gets
higher than its 10 period average.
Below
Syntax
CrossingDirection.Below
Description
This constant is used with the Crosses function to find
when the first value becomes less than the second.
Note that this constant can be replaced with reserved
word no.
Example
plot crossing = Crosses(close, avg,
CrossingDirection.Below);
ARROW_DOWN);
This code marks the bars at which the Close price becomes
less than its 10 period average.
Any
Syntax
CrossingDirection.Any
Description
Defines the change of relation of two values in the Crosses
function irrespective of its direction.
Example
plot crossing = Crosses(close, avg, CrossingDirection.Any);
ARROW_UP);
This code marks the bars at which the Close price becomes
greater or less than its 10 period average.
o Curve
The thinkscript contains the set of constants for curves.
Choose your constant from the list:

• FIRM
• LONG_DASH
• MEDIUM_DASH
• SHORT_DASH
• POINTS
FIRM
Syntax
Curve.FIRM
Description
Defines the firm style curve constant.
Sample
Example
See the SetStyle function in the Look and Feel functions
section.
LONG_DASH
Syntax
Curve.LONG_DASH
Description
Defines the style of curve with long dashes.
Sample
Example
section.
MEDIUM_DASH
Syntax
Curve.MEDIUM_DASH
Description
Defines the style of curve with medium-size dashes.
Sample
Example
section.
SHORT_DASH
Syntax
Curve.SHORT_DASH
Description
Defines the style of curve with short dashes.
Sample
Example
section.
POINTS
Syntax
Curve.POINTS
Description
Defines the points style curve constant.
Sample
Example
section.
o Double
This section describes mathematical constants such as
exponent or pi.
Choose a constant from the list:
• E
• NaN
• Pi
E
Syntax
Double.E
Description
Returns the value of the exponent constant.

See the exp function in the Mathematical and
Trigonometrical functions section.
NaN
Syntax
Double.NaN
Description
Returns the value that indicates that the result of an
operation is not a number.

See the isNaN function in the Mathematical and
Trigonometrical functions section.
Pi
Syntax
Double.Pi
Description
Returns the value of the pi constant.

See the ASin, ACos, Sin, and Cos functions in the
Mathematical and Trigonometrical functions section.
o EarningTime
with hasEarnings function.
• ANY
• BEFORE_MARKET
• AFTER_MARKET
ANY
Syntax
EarningTime.ANY
Description
Used with hasEarnings function to query whether there
are announced earnings. The announcement can take
place before market open, or after market close, or during
market hours, or at unspecified time.
Example
See the hasEarnings article in the Corporate Actions
functions section.
BEFORE_MARKET
Syntax
EarningTime.BEFORE_MARKET
Description
Used with hasEarnings function to query whether the
earnings announcement takes place before market open.
Example
functions section.
AFTER_MARKET
Syntax
EarningTime.AFTER_MARKET
Description
Used with hasEarnings function to query whether the
earnings announcement takes place after market close.
Example
functions section.
o FundamentalType
in fundamental function.
• HIGH
• LOW
• CLOSE
• OPEN
• HL2
• HLC3
• OHLC4
• VWAP
• VOLUME
• OPEN_INTEREST
• IMP_VOLATILITY
HIGH
Syntax
FundamentalType.HIGH
Description
Used with fundamental function to return the High price.
Example
See the fundamental function article in the Others section.
LOW
Syntax
FundamentalType.LOW
Description
Used with fundamental function to return the Low price.
Example
See the fundamental function article in the Others
functions section.
CLOSE
Syntax
FundamentalType.CLOSE
Description
Used with fundamental function to return the Close price.
Example
OPEN
Syntax
FundamentalType.OPEN
Description
Used with fundamental function to return the Open price.
Example
HL2
Syntax
FundamentalType.HL2
Description
Used with fundamental function to return the arithmetical
mean of High and Low prices.
Example
HLC3
Syntax
FundamentalType.HLC3
Description
mean of High, Low, and Close prices.
Example
OHLC4
Syntax
FundamentalType.OHLC4
Description
mean of High, Low, Open, and Close prices.
Example
VWAP
Syntax
FundamentalType.VWAP
Description
Used with fundamental function to return the volume
weighted average price value.
Example
VOLUME
Syntax
FundamentalType.VOLUME
Description
Used with fundamental function to return the volume
value.
Example
OPEN_INTEREST
Syntax
FundamentalType.OPEN_INTEREST
Description
Used with fundamental function to return the open
interest value.
Example
IMP_VOLATILITY
Syntax
FundamentalType.IMP_VOLATILITY
Description
Used with fundamental function to return the implied
volatility value.
Example
o OrderType
in addOrder function.
• BUY_AUTO
• BUY_TO_CLOSE
• SELL_AUTO
• SELL_TO_CLOSE
BUY_AUTO
Syntax
OrderType.BUY_AUTO
Description
Used in addOrder function to add a buying order for
entering a new long position or closing a short position.
Note that you can switch order to BUY_TO_CLOSE by
customizing strategy properties; see the Strategy
Properties article for details.
Example
See the addOrder article in the Others section.
BUY_TO_CLOSE
Syntax
OrderType.BUY_TO_CLOSE
Description
Used in addOrder function to add a buying order for
closing a short position. Note that you can switch order to
BUY_AUTO by customizing strategy properties; see the
Strategy Properties article for details.
Example
SELL_AUTO
Syntax
OrderType.SELL_AUTO
Description
Used in addOrder function to add a selling order for
entering a new short position or closing a long position.
Note that you can switch order to SELL_TO_CLOSE by
customizing strategy properties; see the Strategy
Properties article for details.
Example
SELL_TO_CLOSE
Syntax
OrderType.SELL_TO_CLOSE
Description
Used in addOrder function to add a selling order for
closing a long position. Note that you can switch order to
SELL_AUTO by customizing strategy properties; see the
Strategy Properties article for details.
Example
o PaintingStrategy
The constants in this section define painting strategy styles.
Here is the list of the constants:

• ARROW_DOWN
• ARROW_UP
• BOOLEAN_ARROW_DOWN
• BOOLEAN_ARROW_UP
• BOOLEAN_POINTS
• DASHES
• HISTOGRAM
• HORIZONTAL
• LINE
• LINE_VS_POINTS
• LINE_VS_SQUARES
• LINE_VS_TRIANGLES
• POINTS
• SQUARED_HISTOGRAMadded
• SQUARES
• TRIANGLES
• VALUES_ABOVE
• VALUES_BELOW
ARROW_DOWN
Syntax
PaintingStrategy.ARROW_DOWN
Description
Defines the arrow down painting strategy.
Sample
Example
See the SetPaintingStrategy function in the Look and Feel
section.
ARROW_UP
Syntax
PaintingStrategy.ARROW_UP
Description
Defines the arrow up painting strategy.
Sample
Example
section.
BOOLEAN_ARROW_DOWN
Syntax
PaintingStrategy.BOOLEAN_ARROW_DOWN
Description
Defines the boolean arrow down painting strategy. It
supposes that a plot computes logical values and only true
values are displayed as arrows down above the current
high price.
Sample
Example
section.
BOOLEAN_ARROW_UP
Syntax
PaintingStrategy.BOOLEAN_ARROW_UP
Description
Defines the boolean arrow up painting strategy. It
supposes that a plot computes logical values and only true
values are displayed as arrows up below the current low
price.
Sample
Example
section.
BOOLEAN_POINTS
Syntax
PaintingStrategy.BOOLEAN_POINTS
Description
Defines the boolean points painting strategy. It supposes
that a plot computes logical values and only true values
are displayed as points at the current closing price.
Sample
Example
section.
DASHES
Syntax
PaintingStrategy.DASHES
Description
Defines the dashes painting strategy.
Sample
Example
section.
HISTOGRAM
Syntax
PaintingStrategy.HISTOGRAM
Description
Defines the histogram painting strategy.
Sample
Example
section.
HORIZONTAL
Syntax
PaintingStrategy.HORIZONTAL
Description
Defines the painting strategy with long segments forming
a continuous line when the study has the same value for
adjacent bars.
Sample
Example
This painting strategy is used to draw Point of Control,
Value Area High, Value Area Low, Profile High, and Profile
Low plots by profile studies (TPOProfile, VolumeProfile,
MonkeyBars).
LINE
Syntax
PaintingStrategy.LINE
Description
Defines the line painting strategy.
Sample
Example
section.
LINE_VS_POINTS
Syntax
PaintingStrategy.LINE_VS_POINTS
Description
Defines the line and points painting strategy.
Sample
Example
section.
LINE_VS_SQUARES
Syntax
PaintingStrategy.LINE_VS_SQUARES
Description
Defines the line and squares painting strategy.
Sample
Example
section.
LINE_VS_TRIANGLES
Syntax
PaintingStrategy.LINE_VS_TRIANGLES
Description
Defines the line and triangles painting strategy.
Sample
Example
section.
POINTS
Syntax
PaintingStrategy.POINTS
Description
Defines the points painting strategy.
Sample
Example
section.
SQUARED_HISTOGRAM
Syntax
PaintingStrategy.SQUARED_HISTOGRAM
Description
Defines the painting strategy where study values are
represented as a histogram with wide columns. Unlike the
basic HISTOGRAM painting strategy, its adjacent columns
are not divided.
Sample
Example
section.
SQUARES
Syntax
PaintingStrategy.SQUARES
Description
Defines the painting strategy with squares marking study
values.
Sample
Example
section.
TRIANGLES
Syntax
PaintingStrategy.TRIANGLES
Description
Defines the painting strategy with triangles marking study
values.
Sample
Example
section.
VALUES_ABOVE
Syntax
PaintingStrategy.VALUES_ABOVE
Description
Defines a painting strategy which draws numeric plot
values above the current high price. For more information
about the constant, see the Sequential study definition.
Sample
Example
section.
VALUES_BELOW
Syntax
PaintingStrategy.VALUES_BELOW
Description
Defines a painting strategy which draws numeric plot
values below the current low price. For more information
about the constant, see the Sequential study definition.
Sample
Example
section.
o PricePerRow
The constants described in this section are used in
combination with the profile functions to define a price range.
Choose a constant from the list:

• AUTOMATIC
• TICKSIZE
AUTOMATIC
Syntax
PricePerRow.AUTOMATIC
Description
Defines the "height" (price range) of each row of the
profile. When this constant is specified, the height of a row
is computed to have a total number of rows equal to 50 for
Monkey Bars and 85 for others.
Note that this constant can only be used in conjunction
with the Profile functions.
TICKSIZE
Syntax
PricePerRow.TICKSIZE
Description
Defines the "height" (price range) of each row of the
profile. When this constant is specified, the height of a row
is equal to the minimal price change for the current
symbol.
Note that this constant can only be used in conjunction
with the Profile functions.
o Sound
The thinkscript provides the set of constants for sounds. The
constants can be used in combination with alert constants to
create alerts.
Choose a sound from the list:

• NoSound
• Bell
• Ding
• Ring
• Chimes
NoSound
Syntax
Sound.NoSound
Description
Defines the no sound constant.
Example
Bell
Syntax
Sound.Bell
Description
Defines the bell sound constant.
Example
Ding
Syntax
Sound.Ding
Description
Defines the ding sound constant.
Example
Ring
Syntax
Sound.Ring
Description
Defines the ring sound constant.
Example
Chimes
Syntax
Sound.Chimes
Description
Defines the chimes sound constant.
Example
o Data Types
Thinkscript functions receive arguments of different data
types as parameters.
Here is the full list of the data types:

• Any
• boolean 313
• CustomColor 313
• double 313
• IDataHolder 313
• int 313
• String 313
• Data Conversion 314
o Any
Description
Value of any data type from this section, except for
CustomColor.
o boolean
Description
Logical value - true (yes) or false (no).
o CustomColor
Description
Color value, for example, Color.RED.
o double
Description
A floating point number, for example 1.5.
Note that you can drop the zero integer part and start the
notation from the radix point. For example, 0.02 can also be
written as .02.
o IDataHolder
Description
An array of data, consisting of floating point values, for
example, close or volume.
o int
Description
An integer number, for example 5.
o String
Description
A string of text, for example, "TEXT". Double quotes are used to
mark text constants.
o Data Conversion
thinkScript enables you to pass a data type value other than
the one specified in a function. In this case the parameter is
automatically converted to the desired data type.
Argument Data Accepted Conversion Rule

boolean, double,
Any IDataHolder, int, -
String
0 (0.0) and Double.NaN are
double,
boolean converted to no (false), other
IDataHolder, int
numbers to yes (true).
CustomColor - -
boolean, yes is converted to 1.0, no to
double
IDataHolder, int 0.0.
A number is converted to an
array whose elements are all
boolean, double,
IDataHolder equal to that number. Logical
int
values are preliminary
converted to numerical.
yes is converted to 1, no to 0.
boolean, double,
int Non-integer numbers are
IDataHolder
rounded towards zero.
String - -
o Operators
Thinkscript functions receive arguments of different data
types as parameters.
Here is the full list of the data types:

• Arithmetic 316
• Comparison 317
• Conditional 319
• Indexing 320
• Logical 321
• Operator Precedence 323
o Arithmetic
Description
The thinkscript contains the following logical operators:
Operator Description
+ addition
- subtraction
* multiplication
/ division
% remainder
All arithmetic operators are binary.
Example
AddChartBubble(getDay() % 20 == 5, high, concat("Day ",
getDay()));
Draws a cloud near the 5th, 25th, 45th, etc., day of the year.
o Comparison
Description
The thinkscript contains the following comparison operators:
== equals
equals equals
!= not equals
<> not equals
< less than
> greater than
<= less than or equal to
>= greater than or equal to
between between
crosses crosses
crosses above crosses above
crosses below crosses below
All of these operators except for between are binary.

Comparison operators can be applied only to numeric data.
These operators return yes or no depending whether the
corresponding condition is satisfied or not.
The x between y and z statement is equal to the y <= x and x <=
z statement.
For information on using crosses, crosses above, and crosses
below operators, refer to the crosses reserved word article.
Example 1
plot uptick = close > close[1];
plot downtick = close < close[1];
plot neutral = close equals close[1];
uptick.SetPaintingStrategy(PaintingStrategy.BOOLEAN_ARRO
W_UP);
downtick.SetPaintingStrategy(PaintingStrategy.BOOLEAN_AR
ROW_DOWN);
neutral.SetPaintingStrategy(PaintingStrategy.BOOLEAN_POIN
TS);
Marks bars with different signs depending whether the Close

value was less, equal or greater than the previous one.
Example 2
input length = 12;
input StudyType = {default SMA, EMA};
plot Avg;
if (StudyType == StudyType.SMA) {
Avg = Average(price, length);
} else {
Avg = ExpAverage(price, length);
}
AddChartLabel(StudyType != StudyType.SMA, "Exponential

moving average is displayed.");
This example uses a condition operator to choose an averaging
function and to set the hiding setting of a label.
Example 3
input percent = 5;
plot Doji = AbsValue(open - close) <= (high - low) * percent /
100;
Doji.SetPaintingStrategy(PaintingStrategy.BOOLEAN_POINTS);
This example tests if the difference between the Open and

Close prices does not exceed a specific percentage of the price
spread.
o Conditional
Description
The conditional operator if-then-else also known as the if-
statement is applied to three values. The first operand is
interpreted as a logical statement. If the statement is true, then
the result of the operator equals the second operand,
otherwise - the third.
Example
input long_average = yes;
plot SimpleAvg = Average(price, if long_average then 26 else

12);
The value passed to the averaging function is defined

depending on the long_average parameter.
o Indexing
Description
The indexing operator [] is used to access the previous or
future data in an array of data. The square brackets indicate
the shift against the current moment. The positive values of the
shift represent the values in the past, the negative shift values
represent the values in the future. The indexing operator can
be applied to fundamental data, function outputs, indicator
outputs, variables, etc.
Example 1
input shift = 5;
plot PastPrice = price[shift];
plot FuturePrice = price[-shift];
Draws shifted price plots.
Example 2
plot PastMACD = MACD().Avg[10];
Shows the smoothed MACD value 10 bars ago.

Note that you can also use verbal syntax when referencing
historical data. For more information, see the Referencing
o Logical
Description
The thinkscript contains the following logical operators:
! logical NOT
and, && logical AND
or logical OR
Logical operators can be applied only to numeric data. Zero(0)

is interpreted as a false value, all other values are interpreted
as a true value.
Consider the following rules when using the logical operators:
Logical NOT is true when the argument is false. Logical AND is
true when both arguments are true. Logical OR is true when at
least one argument is true.
Note that all logic operators except for negation are binary.
Example 1
plot LocalMinimum = low < low[1] and low < low[-1];
LocalMinimum.SetPaintingStrategy(PaintingStrategy.BOOLEA
N_ARROW_UP);
Highlights local minumums of the lowest price.
Example 2
plot signal = open == high or close == high;
signal.SetPaintingStrategy(PaintingStrategy.BOOLEAN_ARRO
W_DOWN);
Highlights moments, when the open or close price is the

highest.
Example 3
input bubble = yes;
AddChartBubble(bubble and barNumber() == 1, high,
"Displaying a bubble");
AddChartLabel(!bubble, "Displaying a label");
Draws a cloud or label near the first bar depending on the

parameter. The label is displayed when the the bubble
parameter is set to no.
o Operator Precedence
The precedence of thinkScript operators is shown in the
following table:
Precedence Operator
1 []; from
2 *; /; %
3 +; -
==; equals; !=; <>; <; >; <=; >=; crosses above;
4
crosses below; crosses
5 !
6 and; &&
7 or
8 if
The between operator has the precedence lower than the

addition and subtraction operators and higher than the
conditional operator.
thinkScript Integration
In this section you will find information on thinkScript
integration with thinkorswim desktop functionality.
• thinkScript Integration
o Custom Quotes 327
o Study Alerts 329
o Study Filters 331
o Conditional Orders
Conditional Orders are automatically placed when a study-
based condition is fulfilled. You can use both pre-defined and
custom studies whose values will be analyzed to place the
order.
How to Find It:

1. Click the "gear-and-plus" icon on the right-hand side of the
Order Entry form. The Order Rules window will appear.
2. Rules for the order submission can be set in the Submit at
Specified Market Condition form. After typing in the
desirable symbol name, click on the Method cell and choose
"STUDY" from the drop-down list. Use one of the pre-defined
studies from the quick list or choose "Edit..." to open the Study
Order Condition window.
3. Now you are ready to set order rules. If you prefer to use a
pre-defined (or previously created) study for that purpose,
make sure that Trigger Type is Study Value and choose a
desirable study from the Study list. The interface allows you to
specify the study plot whose values will be analyzed, input
parameters, and aggregation period. For numerical plots, you
can choose triggering direction relative to threshold value. For
boolean plots, you can specify whether to submit the order
when the value is true or false. Note that Look and Feel inputs
(e.g. colors, painting strategies, etc.) are not available in
Conditional Orders; constant plots are not included in the Plots
list.
However, you are not restricted to use a single pre-defined
study to place conditional orders. You can also use a
combination of studies or implement a new one right away.
For that purpose, choose Complex Formula from the Trigger
Type list. The editor window will appear.
Example
Consider the following script:
close > expaverage(close, 60) and ADX(length = 14) > 18
This condition is used in the Volume Zone Oscillator study; it

checks whether the price is above the 60 period EMA and 14
period ADX value is higher than 18, which could possibly mean
that the market is in strong uptrend. If you would like to
automatically place an order when this condition fulfills,
choose TRUE from the Trigger If list. If you however prefer to
place the order when the condition is not satisfied, choose
FALSE.
Once you have set the rules for the conditional order, click OK
in the lower right corner of the window.
Specific Usage
In Conditional Orders, you can use either a regular study or an
expression. Here is a list of thinkScript usage peculiarities
when applied to Conditional Orders:
• You are free to use bid and ask functions;
• Range-dependent functions (dealing with data from the
whole chart, such as HighestAll) are not allowed;
• Studies must have exactly one plot;
• rec variables are not allowed.
o Custom Quotes
When watching market quotes, you might need immediate
calculation of certain studies for one or several symbols. You
can use thinkScript integration feature in Custom Quotes for
that purpose.
How to Find It:

1. Click the MarketWatch tab and choose Quote from the sub-
tab row.
2. Add as many symbols as you wish to the Symbol column. In
order to do that, click the empty cell in the bottom of the
column and type symbol's name in it.
3. Right-click on the upper row of the watchlist and choose
Customize... from the menu appeared.
4. Add a Custom item (or several) to the current set - one for
each value to be calculated. Click the "script" icon next to it to
call the Custom Quote Formula editor window.
Now you are ready to create a study whose values will be

displayed in your watchlist. For pre-defined studies, the
interface allows you to specify the study plot whose values will
be analyzed, input parameters, and aggregation period - these
can be set in the right section of the editor window. For custom
studies, aggregation period can be set using the Aggregation
list. Also, make sure you are using a convenient name for the
study, which can be specified within the Column name string.
Example
To add a 60 day simple moving average, use the following
script:
SimpleMovingAvg()
After that, choose "Day" from the Aggregation list and set the
length input parameter equal to 60. Note that once a pre-
defined study is added, you can replace it with another one by
choosing the corresponding name from the Study list which is
now active.
You can also use a custom study. Consider the following

example:
def period1 = 40;

def period2 = 10;
plot a = Momentum(length = period1) - Momentum(length =
period2);
This script calculates the difference between 40 and 10 period

Momentum values. As you can see, the standard thinkScript
syntax is also supported in Custom Quotes formulas.
Once you have set the Custom Quote formula, click OK; study
values will appear in the column with the corresponding name.
Note that you can adjust calculation rules by right-clicking the
column name and choosing Edit formula from the menu.
Custom Quotes are also available for watchlists in Watchlist
gadget, Scan results, and Option view at All Products under
the Trade tab.
Specific Usage
When in Custom Quotes, thinkScript usage is somewhat
different from that in studies and strategies. Here is the list of
peculiarities:
• Functions AssignValueColor(), SetDefaultColor(), and
AssignBackgroundColor() have specific usage;
o Study Alerts
Study Alerts are signals generated when a study-based
condition is fulfilled. You can use both pre-defined and custom
studies whose values will be analyzed to issue the alert.
How to Find It:

1. Click the MarketWatch tab and choose Alerts from the sub-
tab row.
2. Choose the symbol to issue alerts for.
3. Click the Study Alert button. The Study Alerts window will
appear.
Now you are ready to set alert rules. If you prefer to use a pre-
defined (or previously created) study for that purpose, choose
a desirable one from the Study list. The interface allows you to
specify the study plot whose values will be analyzed, input
parameters, and aggregation period. For numerical plots, you
can choose triggering direction relative to threshold value. For
boolean plots, you can specify whether to issue the alert when
the value is true or false. Note that Look and Feel inputs (e.g.
colors, painting strategies, etc.) are NOT available in "Study
Alerts"; constant plots are not included in the Plots list.
However, you are not restricted to using a single pre-defined
study to generate alert signals. You can also use a combination
of studies or implement a new one right away. For that
purpose, choose Complex Formula from the Trigger Type list.
The thinkScript editor will appear.
Example

that the market is in strong uptrend. If you would like to be
notified when this condition fulfills, choose TRUE from the
Trigger If list. If you however prefer to place the order when
the condition is not satisfied, choose FALSE.
Once you have set the rules for the alert, click Create Alert in
the lower right corner of the window.
Specific Usage
In Study Alerts, you can use either a regular study or an
expression. Here is a list of thinkScript usage peculiarities
when applied to Study Alerts:
o Study Filters
The Stock Hacker Scanning Tool allows you to search for
symbols meeting certain criteria. Study filters are criteria
based on study values: adding one or several study filters will
help you narrow the search range when looking for symbols.
You can use up to ten filters to scan the market.
How to Find It:

1. Click the Scan tab and choose Stock Hacker from the sub-
tab row.
2. Click the Add Study Filter button. A new filter editor will
appear.
3. The first field of the editor allows you to choose a custom or
pre-defined study to filter the results. Choose the desirable
study, adjust input parameters, and click Scan afterwards.
Search results will be shown in the watchlist form below the
Criteria section.
4. However, pre-defined study filters might be insufficient to
your search. Choose Custom from the study list; this will open
the Scanner Custom Filter editor window.
Now you are ready to set the custom filter rules using
thinkScript.
Example

that the market is in strong uptrend. Click OK save the filter
and then press Scan to display all symbols meeting this
criterion.
You can also use plot values in Study Filters:
def SMA = Average(close, 15);

plot condition = close[2] > SMA[2] and close[1] < SMA[1] and
close < SMA;
This example script searches for symbols which were above

simple moving average two days ago, but have fallen below
since then.
Note that search criteria can be adjusted by pressing the
"pencil" icon in the filter. To delete a filter, press the "cross"
icon.
Note also that search results are displayed in the watchlist
form, which means that you can display custom quotes along
with standard values. For more information on that, refer to
the Custom Quotes article.
Specific Usage
When in Stock Hacker, thinkScript usage is somewhat different
from that in studies and strategies. Here is the list of
peculiarities:
• Secondary aggregation is not allowed: all studies have
aggregation period equal to one day;
• Scripts using standard thinkScript syntax must have
exactly one plot.
• Getting Started 4
 Defining Plots
 Defining Variables
 Def Variables
 Rec Variables
 Rec Enumerations
 Using Functions
 Formatting Plots
 Adjusting Parameters Using Inputs
 Accessing Data
 Using Strategies
 Concatenating Strings
 Creating Local Alerts
 Referencing Data
 Referencing Secondary Aggregation
 Referencing Historical Data
 Referencing Other Price Type Data
 Referencing Other Studies
 Referencing Other Symbol's Data
 Past Offset
 Using Profiles
• Reference 35
o Reserved Words 37
 above  def  constant  rec
 ago  default  enum  reference
 and  do  float  script
 bar  else  integer  switch
 bars  equals  price  then
 below  fold  string  to
 between  from  no  while
 case  if  or  with
 crosses  input  plot  yes
 declare  boolean  profile
o Declarations 68
 all_for_one  once_per_bar
 hide_on_daily  real_size
 hide_on_intraday  upper
 lower  weak_volume_dependency
 on_volume  zerobase
o Functions 78
 Fundamentals 79
 ask  hlc3  open_interest
 bid  imp_volatility  volume
 close  low  vwap
 high  ohlc4
 hl2  open
 Option Related 92
 delta  isOptionable
 gamma  isPut
 getDaysToExpiration  optionPrice
 getStrike  rho
 getUnderlyingSymbol  theta
 isEuropean  vega
 Technical Analysis 104
 AccumDist  IsDescending
 Average  IsDoji
 AvgTrueRange  IsLongBlack
 BodyHeight  IsLongWhite
 Ema2  Lowest
 ExpAverage  LowestAll
 FastKCustom  LowestWeighted
 GetMaxValueOffset  MidBodyVal
 GetMinValueOffset  moneyflow
 Highest  TrueRange
 HighestAll  Ulcer
 HighestWeighted  WildersAverage
 IsAscending  wma
 Mathematical and Trigonometrical 132

 AbsValue  IsNaN  Sign
 ACos  lg  Sin
 ASin  log  Sqr
 ATan  Max  Sqrt
 Ceil  Min  sum
 Cos  Power  Tan
 Crosses  Random  TotalSum
 exp  round
 Floor  roundDown
 isInfinite  roundUp
 Statistical 156
 correlation  stdev
 covariance  stdevAll
 Inertia  sterr
 InertiaAll  sterrAll
 lindev
 Date and Time 170
 countTradingDays  getLastYear
 daysFromDate  getMonth
 daysTillDate  getWeek
 getDay  getYear
 getDayOfMonth  getYyyyMmDd
 getDayOfWeek  regularTradingEnd
 getLastDay  regularTradingStart
 getLastMonth  secondsFromTime
 getLastWeek  secondsTillTime
 Corporate Actions 185

 getActualEarnings  getSplitNumerator
 getDividend  hasConferenceCall
 getEstimatedEarnings  hasEarnings
 getSplitDenominator
 Look and Feel 191

 AddChartBubble  globalColor
 AddChartLabel  hide
 AddCloud  HideBubble
 AddVerticalLine  hidePricePlot
 AssignBackgroundColor  HideTitle
 AssignNormGradientColor  setChartType
 AssignPriceColor  SetDefaultColor
 AssignValueColor  setHiding
 color  SetLineWeight
 CreateColor  SetPaintingStrategy
 DefineColor  SetStyle
 DefineGlobalColor  TakeValueColor
 EnableApproximation
 GetColor
 Profiles 220
 getHighest  monkeyBars
 getHighestValueArea  show
 getLowest  timeProfile
 getLowestValueArea  volumeProfile
 getPointOfControl
 Others 234
 addOrder  getAggregationPeriod
 alert  getInterestRate
 barNumber  getSymbolPart
 between  getValue
 compoundValue  getYield
 concat  if
 entryPrice  tickSize
 first  tickValue
 fundamental
o Constants 256
 AggregationPeriod  HOUR
 MIN  TWO_HOURS
 TWO_MIN  FOUR_HOURS
 THREE_MIN  DAY
 FOUR_MIN  TWO_DAYS
 FIVE_MIN  THREE_DAYS
 TEN_MIN  FOUR_DAYS
 FIFTEEN_MIN  WEEK
 TWENTY_MIN  MONTH
 THIRTY_MIN  OPT_EXP
o AggregationPeriod 257
• MIN • TWO_HOURS
• TWO_MIN • FOUR_HOURS
• THREE_MIN • DAY
• FOUR_MIN • TWO_DAYS
• FIVE_MIN • THREE_DAYS
• TEN_MIN • FOUR_DAYS
• FIFTEEN_MIN • WEEK
• TWENTY_MIN • MONTH
• THIRTY_MIN • OPT_EXP
• HOUR
 Alert 268
 BAR  TICK
 ONCE
 ChartType 269
 BAR  HEIKIN_ASHI
 CANDLE  LINE
 CANDLE_TREND  AREA
 Color 273
 BLACK  LIGHT_ORANGE
 BLUE  LIGHT_RED
 CURRENT  LIME
 CYAN  MAGENTA
 DARK_GRAY  ORANGE
 DARK_GREEN  PINK
 DARK_ORANGE  PLUM
 DARK_RED  RED
 DOWNTICK  UPTICK
 GRAY  VIOLET
 GREEN  WHITE
 LIGHT_GRAY  YELLOW
 LIGHT_GREEN
 CrossingDirection 283
 Above  Any
 Below
 Curve 285
 FIRM  SHORT_DASH
 LONG_DASH  POINTS
 MEDIUM_DASH
 Double 289
 E
 NaN
 Pi
 EarningTime 291
 ANY
 BEFORE_MARKET
 AFTER_MARKET
 FundamentalType 293
 HIGH  VOLUME
 LOW  OPEN_INTEREST
 CLOSE  IMP_VOLATILITY
 OPEN  OrderType
 HL2  BUY_AUTO
 HLC3  BUY_TO_CLOSE
 OHLC4  SELL_AUTO
 VWAP  SELL_TO_CLOSE
o OrderType 297
• BUY_AUTO
• BUY_TO_CLOSE
• SELL_AUTO
• SELL_TO_CLOSE
 PaintingStrategy 299
 ARROW_DOWN  LINE_VS_SQUARES
 ARROW_UP  LINE_VS_TRIANGLES
 BOOLEAN_ARROW_DOWN  POINTS
 BOOLEAN_ARROW_UP  SQUARED_HISTOGRAM
 BOOLEAN_POINTS  SQUARES
 DASHES  TRIANGLES
 HISTOGRAM  VALUES_ABOVE
 HORIZONTAL  VALUES_BELOW
 LINE
 LINE_VS_POINTS
 PricePerRow 309
 AUTOMATIC
 TICKSIZE
 Sound 310
 NoSound  Ring
 Bell  Chimes
 Ding
o Data Types 312
 Any  IDataHolder
 boolean  int
 CustomColor  String
 double  Data Conversion
o Operators 323
 Arithmetic  Indexing
 Comparison  Logical
 Conditional  Operator Precedence
• thinkScript Integration 324

o Custom Quotes 327
o Study Alerts 329
o Study Filters 331

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swimlessons@thinkorswim.

• thinkScript Integration 324

plot SMA = Average(close, 10);

This example script plots a 10 period simple moving average of

plot SMA = Average(close, 10);

This example script plots a 10 period simple moving average of

See also: Reserved Words: plot; Formatting Plots.

def MyClosingPrice = Close;

By using the def reserved word, you can create a variable

def range = high - low;

then create another variable:

def percentrange = range / close;

def SMA = average(close, 20);

You can use that variable sma in your code as part of

rec x = x[1] + (random() - 0.5);

Shows random walk.

input drop = 5.0;

In this example the rec variable holds the maximum close

Similarly, in this example the calculation starts 1 bar prior

rec x = x[-1] + close;

rec a = {default neutral, up, down};

The first line of the script is a declaration of a rec

rec a = {default neutral, up, down};

The second line of this script is the assignment statement.

a = if (close == close[1]) then a.neutral else if (close >

The third line is just a plot declaration.

Note that rec enumerations are independent. This means

rec a = {q, w, e, default r, t, y};

Both sides of statements in the enumeration assignment

rec a = {q, w, e, default r, t, y};

plot CloseAvg = average(close, 12);

displays the average of the last 12 days' closing prices.

plot SMA = average(data = close, length = 50);

will show the same result on the chart.

In order to specify a plot type, use the SetPaintingStrategy

plot SMA = Average(close, 10);

• SetDefaultColor is used to color the whole plot in a

In order to specify a color you can:

plot SMA5 = Average(close, 5);

In this example the SMA10 plot is hidden by default and the

plot PastPrice = close[5];

plot data = close - close("GOOG");

You can add the following types of orders defined by the

This strategy comprises orders of both buying and selling

Note that the concat function preliminarily converts values of

Example 2 (Concatenating more than two values)

This example defines a local alert that is triggered once a new

This example draws a chart label and a note depending on the

Available alert type values are:

The sound parameter plays a sound when the alert is

Valid sound values are:

This example tiggers an alert when the open price becomes

Here is a list of the tutorials:

This code plots weekly Close price for IBM.

plot yesterdayHigh = High(period =

This code plots the High price reached on the previous

will return an average of the Close price calculated for the

def a = close(period = AggregationPeriod.MONTH);

input KPeriod = 10;

plot FullK = Average((close(period =

The example will plot a line that is the difference between

On the "MARK" price type chart for some Forex symbol

Example 1 (Using the reference reserved word)