M. Afreen CSS-PMS Institute Magazine - April 2020 Edition

THE
COMPETITIVE
REVIEW
TOP STORIES
ECONOMIC CRISIS (Issue of the Month)

US PRESIDENTIAL IMPEACHMENT
CORONA VIRUS (COVID-19)
BREXIT & AFTERMATH
ART OF PRECIS WRITING
PAKISTAN & FATF A Project by
M.Aafreen CSS/PMS INSTITUTE
+92-321-4991005
CM
” EO ESSAGE
I and my team endeavor to maintain the
standards of education to equip the youth of the
nation to achieve the goals of the great visionaries
of the country. The highly experienced members,
brainstormers of the institute recognize the
abilities & potentials of the students which enable
us to groom the qualities. We are committed to
fairness and respect.
The journey towards the future

world requires the sacrifice and
courage as we force together
further. I welcome young minds
to grab all the opportunities &
wish students a great success.
Our faculty possess all the
techniques required for a
candidate to pass through
FPSC/PPSC screening process.
We polish the gems
FPSC/PPSC requires.
Our emphasis is on imparting officer’s material to
the candidate’s soul and mind. I wish and
supplicate that the effort of our team helps you in
gathering all possible stuff required for
”
preparation of competitive exams. DR. MADIHA FATIMA
CEO Aafreen CCSS/PMS Institute
Contact: +92-321-4991005
“Founder & Principal of M. Aafreen CSS/PMS Institute. She is

an accomplish motivational personality and trainer who knows
the art of delivering the truth & can polish the hidden abilities
of the students
”
April 2020
ST
1
EVIEW Edition
B ATCH
R
PMS
OMPETITIVE
QUALIFIED
TC
2020
MUHAMMAD NAUMAN ZAFAR
HE
S/O
ZAFAR IQBAL
ROLL # 14904
Firstly, I am thankful to Allah Almighty for blessing me with a huge success in this prestigious exam
in the first attempt. I would love to dedicate the success to my father & elder brother, who inspired me to
join civil services. They always provided me unwavering support. Also, a very special thanks to my family,
teachers, seniors and friends who supported & encouraged me during my preparation. In this regard, I am
grateful to the administration of M. Aafreen CSS/PMS Institute as well for utmost contribution during
preparation. Particularly, I would like to acclaim the efforts of Madam Madiha Fatima, Sir Frass Hameed
and Sir Salman Azam Joiya during this journey towards success.
Last but not least, I believe smart work with proper guidance, persistence, self-confidence and strong
faith on Allah Almighty are imperative ingredients of success in competitive exams. So, I advise all the
aspirants to seek proper guidance, work smartly, read credible material instead of just relying on notes, do
maximum practice, get proper evaluation and most importantly have strong faith on Allah Almighty to stay
away from fear of competitive exams as "Faith and Fear cannot live together".
WRITER TOPIC # TITLE PAGE #
Rai Hamza
Ahmad 01 Economy of Pakistan and a way forward 01
Edition April 2020
Rai Hamza
Ahmad 02 Financial Action Task Force (FATF) and Pakistan: An Overhaul 17
Humma
Safdar 03 Ideology of Pakistan: Past, Present and Future Perspectives 26
Kirran Sana
Ullah 04 The Art of The Precis Writing 31
EVIEW
Rana Frass
Hameed 05 Precis 2020 34
Fatima
R
Tauseef 06 Personality of The Month 37

Syed Zain
07
OMPETITIVE
Ul Abideen Hazards of Mercury Contamination on Health & Environment 39

Kiran Sana
Ullah 08 News: The Talent of Journalists 43
Rai Asif
Ahmad 09 BREXIT 46
TC
Humma
Safdar 10 Comparison Between Bureaucratic Model & New Public Management (Npm) 51
HE
Kanwal
Pervaiz
11 Computerization & Humanity 55
Syed Zain
ul Abidin 12 Practical & Cost-Effective Solutions to Control Water Borne 60
Diseases
Syed Zain
ul Abideen 13 The Demographic Transition Model & The Future of The
Developing World
66
Rai Asif
Ahmad
14 Impeachment of US president 70
Dr. Mahiha
Fatima 15 Corona Virus COVID-19 73
Edition April 2020
EVIEW
C ONTRIBUTORS
Humma Safdar Rai Hamza Ahmad

M. Phil Accounting LLM, MPA
R
OMPETITIVE
TC
Kiran Sanaullah Zain Ul Abideen

HE
Masters in English Electrical Engineer

ICMA (Commerce &
Management Accountancy)
Fatima Tauseef Kanwal Parvaiz Rai Asif Ahmad

BS Accounting & Finance M. Phil Business Management LLM, Masters in Political Science
ECONOMY OF PAKISTAN AND A WAY FORWARD
By: Rai Hamza Ahmad
INTRODUCTION
EVIEW Edition April 2020
“The economy is the start and end of everything. You can’t have successful
education reform or any other reform if you don’t have a strong economy.”
-David Cameron (Former PM of UK)
The economic growth for the

fiscal year 2018-2019 was recorded
3.3 percent and 2.4 percent is
expected for the fiscal year 2019-
2020 which is an all-time low since
the last four decades. The economy
of Pakistan is battling a host of
R
challenges which include fiscal

deficit, current account deficit, low
This statement by the former PM tax-to-GDP ratio, energy and water
of UK clearly indicates the importance
OMPETITIVE
crisis, low ease of doing business,

of healthy and strong economy in the high cost of doing business and short
development of any country, without sighted and myopic economic
which, a nation cannot survive. In the policies by successive governments
present age of geo-economics, the to mention only a few. It requires
standing of any country in the serious attention on the part of the
international arena is determined by its government to take right steps in the
TC
economic might because gone were the right direction in order to steer
days when men-power used to be the Pakistan’s economic ship out of
criteria to ascertain the strength of any troubled waters.
HE
country. But unfortunately, the

economy of Pakistan is in great
shambles. It is dismal to know that the
economic management in Pakistan has
steadily deteriorated to the point where
the economy has, for the past few
decades, lurched from one financial
crisis to the next.
01
By: Rai Hamza Ahmad
PAKISTAN’S ECONOMY
A SHORT HISTORICAL
2020
PERSPECTIVE
Pakistani economy grew at a
EVIEW Edition April
fairly impressive rate of 6 percent per

year through the first four decades of
the nation's existence. In spite of rapid
In 1969, Pakistan’s exports of
population growth during this period,
manufactured goods were higher than the
per capita incomes doubled, inflation
combined exports of Indonesia, Malaysia,
remained low and poverty declined
Philippines and Thailand. In 1960’s Korea
from 46% down to 18% by late 1980s,
R
emulated Pakistan in its five-year planning

according to eminent Pakistani
process. In 32 years between 1961 and 1993,
economist Dr. Ishrat Husain. This
OMPETITIVE
Pakistan’s economy grew nearly twice as

healthy economic performance was
quickly as India’s. In 1991, the Pakistani
maintained through several wars and
economy was 17 per cent as large as India’s.
successive civilian and military
By 2017, a decade-and-a-half of being
governments in 1950s, 60s, 70s and
outmatched on economic growth has left us
TC
80s until the decade of 1990s, now

less than 12pc their size. This is a 41pc
appropriately remembered as the lost
decline in our relative economic strength.
HE
decade.
The tragedy is that even a country such as
Vietnam which was completely devastated
by the war has now overtaken Pakistan.
02
By: Rai Hamza Ahmad
C HALLENGES 2. CURRENT
ACCOUNT DEFICIT
EXACERBATING AND TRADE DEFICIT
PAKISTAN’S ECONOMIC
Edition April 2020
A current account deficit occurs

WOES
when the total outflows in a country
1. WORSENING FISCAL
DEFICIT exceeds the total inflows, thus, causing
A fiscal deficit is a shortfall in depletion in the foreign exchange
government’s income compared with its reserves. Inflows are generally in the form
spending. The government which spends of export revenue, remittances and
EVIEW
beyond its means suffers from fiscal investment. While, outflows are in the
deficit. Generally, a government collects form of import bills and debt repayments.
revenues through taxation and spends the On the other hand, a trade deficit happens
R
same on social welfare and development when a country’s imports exceed its
projects. In Pakistan, unfortunately, there exports. Current account deficit is a
OMPETITIVE
is a severe mismatch between the revenue broader term which covers trade deficit
raised and the expenditure incurred by the too. Current account and trade deficit are
government. According to the provisional not good omen for the economic growth
numbers released by the Finance of a country. In the fiscal year 2018-2019,
TC
Ministry, the current fiscal deficit of current account deficit was recorded as
Pakistan is 8.9 % of the nation’s gross 4.8 percent of GDP according to statistics
HE
domestic product which is the highest provided by government of Pakistan and

during the last 28 years. The government IMF. So, it is impeding Pakistan’s
resorts to loans in order to fill the gap economic progress.
between revenue and expenditure which
compounds the economic woes by putting
more burden on the economy. DO YOU KNOW?
At birth, a baby panda
is smaller than a
mouse.
03
By: Rai Hamza Ahmad
3. LOW TAX ON 4. LOW SAVING &
GDP RATIO INVESTMENT TRAP

Low saving and investment trap
Edition April 2020
It is another indicator of
have added more fuel to the injury. It
Pakistan’s poor economic growth which
means that we as a nation save less
is responsible for the fragile state of
when compared with other countries.
Pakistan’s economy. In Pakistan, tax to
Pakistanis consume 85 rupees out of
GDP ratio is 11.6 percent which is
every hundred rupees of the national
abysmally too low to compare with the
income which means that money
developed countries. Tax is a primary
EVIEW
which is available to invest and

tool for any government to raise revenue
economic growth is very little. A low
and more tax collection means less
savings rate reduces the volume of
R
dependency on foreign countries and

investible funds; low investments
financial institutions for loans. The tax
make growth spurts unsustainable; and
OMPETITIVE
to GDP ratio should be, at least, 20

low growth generates fewer domestic
percent. But Government of Pakistan
savings. Last five years average saving
has failed to collect enough money to
rate in India was 31.9pc, Bangladesh
incur government expenditure. Due to
29.7pc, and Sri Lanka 24.5pc
the reason, government of Pakistan is
TC
according to Dawn News. Hence, low

depending heavily on foreign loans and
saving and investment trap are also
aids which pose a great danger to
HE
hampering Pakistan’s economic

Pakistan’s political sovereignty.
growth.
DO YOU KNOW?
Paper currency first developed in
Tang dynasty China during the
7th century, although true paper
money did not appear until the
11th century, during the Song
dynasty. The usage of paper
currency later spread throughout
the Mongol Empire or Yuan
04
By: Rai Hamza Ahmad
6. LOW EASE OF
5. CONCENTRATION
DOING BUSINESS
OF WEALTH IN FEW
Edition April 2020
HANDS It is another factor for the poor

According to a recent United state of Pakistan’s economy. Ease of
Nations Development Programme doing business is an Index which is
(UNDP) report, the problem of 22 used by the World Bank to rank
families controlling 66pc of Pakistan’s countries in terms of ease of doing
industrial assets, as identified by Dr business from 1-190. A low ease of
Mahbub-ul-Haq in 1968, remains doing business implies that a country is
EVIEW
relevant today due to rising inequality not conducive and business friendly
in a country where the richest 20pc initiatives due to either strict regulatory
consume seven times more than the
R
framework or corruption. In Pakistan,

poorest 20pc. The concentration of there are multitude of hurdles in the
wealth in few hands is another
OMPETITIVE
way of a new business which include

economic problem which excluded a lack of cheap land, water, energy and
large population of the country from roads; lack of coordination among
participating in the economic activity. various government agencies;
They, in turn, depend on the few rich innumerable and outdated laws;
TC
people and fail to play their due role in inspections by multiple agencies, the
the economic prosperity of the country. infringement of intellectual property
HE
According to Baluchistan Drought rights and the slow and inefficient

Needs Assessment (BDNA) Report judicial system to mention only a few.
2019, 24 percent of Pakistan’s Pakistan is ranked 108 among 190
population lives below the poverty economies in ease of doing business
line. Hence, concentration of wealth in Index, according to World Bank
few hands is another economic ratings in 2019. Hence, it repels foreign
challenge which Pakistan is investors to invest in Pakistan, thus,
confronting. hampering Pakistan’s economic
growth.
05
By: Rai Hamza Ahmad
7. HIGH COST OF 8. ENERGY CRISIS
DOING BUSINESS
Edition April 2020
It is another economic woe The intermittent energy

Pakistan is suffering from. Due to the breakdowns in Pakistan is also
high cost of doing business, the old contributing to the already crippling
investors move their money away from economy of Pakistan. Pakistan has
that country and new investors avoid experienced an acute shortage of
investing in those countries where cost energy in the recent past and still
of the business is high and profit suffering from its shocks. Due to the
EVIEW
margin is low. In Pakistan, corporate power shortages, industries remain

taxes are very high when compared either close or their productive capacity
with other developing countries which decreases. Due to the reason, many
R
reduces the profit of the investors. people lost their jobs and their
Similarly, tax refunds and tax rebates purchases power decreases which
OMPETITIVE
are not given on time which alienate impact the already depleting industrial
the investors to invest in Pakistan. production and this vicious cycle goes
Similarly, red-tapism in the cross- on. So, energy breakdown in Pakistan
border trade causes delay in is also hampering Pakistan’s economic
TC
assignments which causes a sharp rise progress.

in the overall cost of the business. Due
HE
to the reason, foreign direct investment

in Pakistan is depleting at a rapid pace.
So, high cost of doing business is also
a factor for the shambolic state of
Pakistan’s economy.
DO YOU KNOW?
15 Minutes of exercise
everyday can add Three
years to your life
06
By: Rai Hamza Ahmad
9. MOUNTING
CIRCULAR DEBT
Circular debt occurs when the government fails to pay its fuel bills to the
Edition April 2020
respective agencies which, in turn, fail to clear their liabilities to international oil
companies. As a result, those companies stop fuel supply to Pakistan. With the shortage
of fuel, energy generation reduces as most of the energy in Pakistan is generated through
the use of fossil fuels. According to ‘The News’, current circular debt of around 1.66
trillion has crippled Pakistan’s economy. Hence, circular debt is another challenge to
Pakistan’s already fragile economy.
EVIEW
K EEP ENVIRONMENT CLEAN!

R
OMPETITIVE
TC HE
10. OTHER MISCELLANEOUS FACTORS

CAUSING PAKISTAN’S ECONOMIC WOES
▪ Corruption
▪ Political Instability
▪ Lack of skilled labor
▪ Weak and poor institutions
▪ Poor infrastructure and abysmal law and order situation
07 ▪ Myopic and shoddy economic policies by successive governments
By: Rai Hamza Ahmad
MEASURES WHICH CAN 2. NEED TO SAVE MORE

MONEY
ALLEVIATE AND The government should save more
ELIMINATE PAKISTAN’S and more money by reducing
April 2020
ECONOMIC SUFFERINGS
expenditure and invest it on profitable
1. BROADENING THE TAX BASE
projects to attract more money. The
AND IMPROVING THE TAX
COLLECTION TO TACKLE government can do this by initiating an
THE ISSUES OF FISCAL AND
EVIEW Edition
austerity drive at national and local

CURRENT ACCOUNT DEFICIT
levels. It can be done by keeping a check
The broadening of tax base and
on the official spending of the
improving the tax collection is the need
government employees and politicians
of the hour. It is very unfortunate that, in
who live a luxurious life on public
Pakistan, only 1 percent pay income tax.
treasury.
R
The government should declare educate

the masses about the importance of
OMPETITIVE
paying taxes and top politicians should

set examples for others by paying their
due taxes. At the same time, tax laws and
procedures should be made easy and
EAT FRESH FRUIT
TC
simple. So that, common citizens can

The politicians and bureaucrats
understand them and pay their returns
live in big houses which run on
HE
themselves. The governments should,

government expenses and travel
also, end the practice of declaring tax
frequently with their families to foreign
amnesty schemes and start a strict drive
countries on government expenditure.
against those who do not pay their taxes.
The houses of governors, president and
The government can tackle the issues of
Prime Minister are very large with a lot
fiscal and current account deficit by
of facilities and public servants. All these
raising the tax collection.
practices should be discouraged to save
public money and it should be invested
in the right direct to earn more money in
08 order to spur economic growth.
By: Rai Hamza Ahmad
3. ECONOMIC REFORMS FOR 4. LOWERING COST OF DOING

THE EQUITABLE BUSINESS AND IMPROVING
DISTRIBUTION OF EASE OF DOING BUSINESS
WEALTH Lowering cost of doing business
April 2020
There is a concentration of wealth and improving ease of doing business

in few hands due to unfair labor practices is the crying need of the hour. A lot of
and biased economic policies of the work needs to be done in this regard.
EVIEW Edition
government in the favor of few rich The government should give incentives
people. The government should take to foreign investors in the form of tax
steps for the equitable redistribution of rebates and conducive environment for
the national wealth and landholdings to business activity. The government
add less represented segments of society should facilitate the investors in cross
in the economic sphere. It will help the
R
border trade and reduce the corporate

majority of the population to play their taxes in order to attract foreign
OMPETITIVE
due and effective role in the economic investors and appease those foreigners
prosperity of the country. In this way, who had invested their money in
wealth of the nation will be utilized by Pakistan. Hence, by doing so,
everyone for economic growth instead of government can counter the economic
its concentration in few hands. In this woes of Pakistan.
TC
way, Pakistan can relieve itself from its

economic problems.
HE
DO YOU KNOW?
The Nose can remember 50,000 different
scents!!
09
By: Rai Hamza Ahmad
5. EXECUTING CPEC WITH 6. MISCELLANEOUS STEPS

TRANSPARENCY AND EFFICIENCY TO FIGHT ECONOMIC
CRISIS
TO SATISFY ITS ENERGY AND
▪ Steps to check corruption in the
April 2020
INFRASTRUCTURAL NEEDS country

▪ Political stability: Need of the
CPEC is a flagship project of ‘One hour
▪ Providing skilled labor
Belt and Road Initiative’ which can prove
▪ Strengthening of Institutions
EVIEW Edition
to be a game changer for Pakistan. The ▪ Improving law and order

government should bring all stakeholders situation and making
infrastructure up to the mark
on the same page to escape the ▪ Making of farsighted and
conspiracies and problems engulfing this effective economic policies by
successive governments.
project. By taking into confidence all the
R
stakeholders, government can stop

foreign hands in disrupting this project by
DO YOU KNOW?
OMPETITIVE
using the local dissidents. If CPEC is North Korea and Cuba
completed with transparency and are the only places you

can't buy Coca-Cola.
efficiency, it can help Pakistan to escape
the energy crisis and build infrastructure
TC
necessary for export. It can help Pakistan

to boost its economy by connecting itself
HE
with the region internationally and by

satisfying its energy needs nationally to
help its industrial sector.
10
By: Rai Hamza Ahmad
STEPS TAKEN BY THE 2. MEASURES TO NARROW

DOWN THE BUDGETARY
INCUMBENT GOVERNMENT DEFICIT
FOR THE STABILIZATION
April 2020
OF AILING ECONOMY Budgetary deficit is the mother

1. STEPS FOR ENLARGING
TAX BASE AND of all economic ailments. The frequent
DOCUMENTING THE enhancement in the prices of
ECONOMY
EVIEW Edition
electricity, gas and petrol, removal of

The government has taken several
subsidies on certain items and
steps for enlarging the tax base and
imposition of additional taxes to
documenting the economy. The
narrow down the budgetary deficits are
government made a nationwide electronic
the steps of the government which it
and print media campaign to encourage
R
took in the right direction. The example

people to pay their taxes. The incumbent
worth mentioning in this regard is the
PM of Pakistan has urged the people
OMPETITIVE
removal of subsidies on Hajj

through national addresses to pay their
pilgrimage.
taxes in order to support their economy. At
the same time, notices were issued to
government departments at national and
TC
provincial levels to ask their employees to

fill their income tax returns with a warning
HE
that noncompliance will cost them heavy

penalty. Also, steps were taken to document
informal economy in the form of tax
amnesty scheme and other directions where
buyers are required to submit their ID card DO YOU KNOW?
copy if they purchase items worth equal to Every time you sneeze
some of your brain
or more than 50,000 rupees. In this way, cells die
government has widened the tax base and
documented the economy.
11
By: Rai Hamza Ahmad
3. ESTABLISHMENT OF FBR 4. APPROACHING FRIENDLY
BENAMI ZONE TO SEIZE COUNTRIES AND IMF FOR
BENAMI PROPERTIES AID AND LOANS
The government has raised $15
April 2020
The government has made the billion from foreign countries and IMF
Benami law operational and established a to stabilize the failing economy. The
new Benami Zone in FBR in order to IMF approved a loan of $6 billion for
EVIEW Edition
seize all those bank accounts and the government with tough conditions
properties which are kept in the name of to improve Pakistan’s economic
others and their beneficiary owners are outlook. Saudi Arabia has given
controlling them behind the scenes. With Pakistan $3 billion in cash and $3
the help of this new zone, government is billion in deferred oil payments. UAE
taking strict action against those whose
R
has also given Pakistan $1 billion

moveable and immovable properties are dollar to escape the economic crisis. In
registered with fictitious persons to evade
OMPETITIVE
this way, government has prevented

taxes. The government is also taking the economy from being collapsed.
information of Benami properties held by
Pakistanis in foreign countries
TC HE
DO YOU KNOW?
There are 1,792 steps to the
12 top of the Eiffel Tower

By: Rai Hamza Ahmad
5. AUSTERITY DRIVE 6. INITIATION OF NAYA
INITIATED BY THE PAKISTAN HOUSING
GOVERNMENT PROJECT
Incumbent PM has announced not to It is another step by the

April 2020
reside in a lavish PM house and promised to incumbent government to improve the

convert it into an education university in economic conditions of the country.
order to save taxpayers’ money. At the same Besides fulfilling the housing needs of
EVIEW Edition
time, he announced to convert governor the poor segments of the country, it is

houses into museums and tourist sites. likely to give boost to the construction
Imran khan also promised to avoid lavish industry and other down-stream
foreign trips and his recent foreign trips to industries leading to improvement of
US, Davos and UN are the cheapest when employment situation in the country. It
R
compared with the previous rulers as per bodes well for the economic prosperity
available records. The state bureaucracy has of the country.
OMPETITIVE
also been advised to cut their expenses to

save taxpayers’ money.
TC HE
LET’S BE A NATION, NOT CROWD!

13
By: Rai Hamza Ahmad
7. STRICT 8. PROGRAMME OF
ACCOUNTABILITY TO PLANTING 10 BILLION
BRING BACK LOOTED TREES TO PREVENT
MONEY ADVERSE EFFECTS OF
April 2020
CLIMATE ON ECONOMY
The incumbent government came with
the slogan of across the board accountability The government has initiated a
and it has shown no tolerance policy towards nationwide campaign to plant more
EVIEW Edition
those indulging in unfair and corrupt and more tress to avoid the adverse
practices. For the very first time in Pakistan, impacts of climate on the economy.
elites and men of power are sent behind the The changing climate is causing erratic
bars for corrupt practices. The government is weather patterns in the form of
trying to bring the looted money back to heatwaves, unpredictable rainfalls,

melting of glaciers and droughts which
R
support the economy and it is also creating a

potent deterrence for corrupt people as they are causing a major blow to the
agricultural sector in the form of low
OMPETITIVE
will face justice if they harm economy by

feathering their own nests through unlawful agricultural production. The
means. In this way, strict accountability of government has shown keen interest to
corrupt people is paving a way for the tackle the problem of climate change.
economic growth of the economy.

TC HE
14 TIPS TO SAVE ENERGY

By: Rai Hamza Ahmad
PROSPECTS OF
PAKISTAN’S ECONOMY
● Pakistan’s trade deficit has contracted by 30.58 percent during July-December
April 2020
2019-2020 as the imports have declined by 17.06 percent according to the

statistics provided by the Ministry of Commerce.
● The tax base has been broadened as approximately one million more people have
EVIEW Edition
filed their income tax returns during the first year of incumbent government.
● The foreign exchange reserves held by the State bank of Pakistan has surpassed
$10 billion-dollar mark, an all-time high during the last 19 months.
● Moody’s Investors service-a leading global agency-has upgraded Pakistan’s
credit rating outlook to ‘stable’ from ‘negative’ which is expected to revive
foreign investors’ confidence in Pakistan, compelling them to pour-in significant
R
amounts in different sectors of economy.

OMPETITIVE
● Pakistan has jumped up 28 places on the World Bank’s (WB) Ease of Doing
Business Index and secured the place among the top 10 countries with the most
improved business climate. Pakistan is ranked 108 out of 190 world economies.
● Swiss Financial Firm ‘Credit Suisse’ in its latest report “Pakistan: On the path to
recovery” issued in 2020 has stated that Pakistan’s fundamentals have “improved
TC
significantly” in the wake of IMF assistance, fiscal consolidation, and much

needed reforms.
HE
Do you know?
Mosquitoes prefer
blood type “O”
more than others
15
By: Rai Hamza Ahmad
CONCLUSION
In a nutshell, the whole discussion revolves around
April 2020
the idea that economy of Pakistan is in poor state. It is

In a nutshell, the whole discussion revolves around the idea that economy
characterized by various problems such as fiscal deficit,
of Pakistan is in poor state. It is characterized by various problems such as fiscal
current account deficit, low ease of doing business, high cost
deficit, current account deficit, low ease of doing business, high cost of doing
of doing business, poor tax regime, corruption and myopic
EVIEW Edition
business, poor tax regime, corruption and myopic and shoddy economic polices
and shoddy economic polices made by the successive
made by the successive governments. The incumbent government of Pakistan
governments. The incumbent government of Pakistan
inherited all these economic problems and it has been struggling to escape the
inherited all these economic problems and it has been
economic crisis with the help of right policy choices.
struggling to escape the economic crisis with the help of
right policy choices.
The government has taken a number of steps to
R
steer the Pakistan’s economic ship out of troubled waters

which include austerity drive by the incumbent
OMPETITIVE
government; hard policy choices to broaden tax base and

documentation of economy; approaching IMF and
friendly countries for loans and economic aid to stabilize
economy and running a strict accountability drive
TC
against the corrupts to bring the looted money back.
Due to the farsighted economic policies of the

HE
government, the economy of Pakistan is healing at a rapid

pace and bodes well for the future. The current and fiscal
account deficit has declined sharply due to increase in
revenue collection and foreign direct investment and
decrease in imports. It is pleasing that various
international financial bodies are giving favorable
remarks about the economic conditions of Pakistan. If
government carries on its struggle to improve economy at
the same pace, the economy of Pakistan will revive its
16 glory of the past in the near future.
Financial Action Task Force (FATF) and Pakistan: An Overhaul
By: Rai Hamza Ahmad
INTRODUCTION
“The moment the election ended, we approached India. No
April 2020
response. But then we discovered they were trying to push us in the FAFT
blacklist to bankrupt us. That's when we realized there was an agenda."-
Khan stated in his address at the 74th session of UNGA.
EVIEW Edition
The international watchdog against

money laundering and financing of
terrorism, the Financial Action Task Force
(FATF), has put Pakistan on a list of
“jurisdictions with strategic deficiencies”,
also known as the grey list. FATF’s
R
reasoning is Pakistan’s “structural

deficiencies” in anti-money laundering
OMPETITIVE
(AML) and combating financing of

terrorism (CFT). Pakistan was given 15
months to implement an action plan to be
able to negotiate an exit from the grey list.
TC HE
17
By: Rai Hamza Ahmad
FATF & ITS WORKING

▪ FATF is an inter-governmental ▪ Majority of the 39 FATF current
April 2020
body, including some international members are developed states

organizations that was set up in with only five belonging to the
1989 by the Group of Seven (G-7) developing world. Additionally,
industrialized countries to combat there are eight associate members
EVIEW Edition
the problem of drug and money which include regional groups

laundering. After the 9/11 terrorist (such as the Asia-Pacific Group
attacks in the US, its mandate — APG) and Observer members
included Terrorism Financing which are awaiting full
(TF). In 2012, it was further membership.
extended to the financing of ▪ FATF has formulated a set of 40
proliferation of weapons of mass recommendations which have
destruction. become international standards on
R
▪ Its “task” is to examine AML and CFT.

international money laundering ▪ FATF evaluates a country’s
OMPETITIVE
mechanisms, monitoring performance based on its

legislative, financial and law assessment methodology that
enforcement efforts at the national covers technical compliance and
and international levels, reporting effectiveness assessment.
on compliance and issuing ▪ According to the FATF charter
recommendations and standards to comprising 36 countries, the
TC
combat money laundering. support of at least three countries

is required to not blacklist any
country.
HE
18
By: Rai Hamza Ahmad
TASKS OF FATF ACTION FOR

NON-COMPLIANT
Its “task” is to examine international COUNTRIES
April 2020
money laundering mechanisms,

monitoring legislative, financial and Non-compliant countries are first put
law enforcement efforts at the on a grey list and given specific

EVIEW Edition
national and international levels, actions and policies to implement
reporting on compliance and issuing within a specific timeframe. They
recommendations and standards to could also be subjected to sanctions
combat money laundering. Using and denial of funding from the IMF,
relevant regulations of the OECD, World Bank and ADB, reduction in

R
World Bank, IMF and the UN — international trade and access to
such as Security Council resolutions financial markets and international

OMPETITIVE
1267 and 1373 relating to terrorist boycott. If they still fail to comply,
groups and terrorism financing — the they are placed on the black list with
FATF has evolved 40 mandatory sanctions and
Recommendations on money international isolation. Currently,

Iran and North Korea are black-
TC
laundering and TF (Terror

Financing). Briefly, these involve listed.
HE
implementing relevant international DRINK PURE WATER

conventions, criminalizing money
laundering and confiscation of
laundered funds, implementing
customer due diligence, establishing
financial intelligence units to monitor
and disseminate suspicious
transaction reports and cooperating
internationally in investigating and
prosecuting money laundering.
19
By: Rai Hamza Ahmad
PAKISTAN & FATF:

April 2020
▪ Within the Asia-Pacific regional

M EMBERSHIP OF FATF group, Pakistan has undergone
evaluations in 2005, 2009 and 2018.
In 2005 and 2009, the evaluation
EVIEW Edition
Majority of the 39 FATF current exposed gaps — absence of national

legislation for money laundering and
members are developed states with
terrorism financing as well as absence
only five belonging to the developing of a Financial Intelligence Unit. It
world. Additionally, there are eight was blacklisted from 2010-2012 for
non-compliance. In 2012, it was
associate members which include upgraded to the grey list after
R
regional groups (such as the Asia- enacting an Anti-Money Laundering

Bill and setting-up a Financial
Pacific Group — APG) and Observer
Monitoring Unit, which addressed
OMPETITIVE
members which are awaiting full almost all the demands.

membership. The membership Consequently, it was taken off the
grey list in 2015 but was still required
process is tedious and subjective. The to fully implement UNSC resolution
applicant must support FATF 1267; specially to sanction all UN-
designated “terrorist” groups. While
policies and undergo satisfactory
TC
some action was taken, such as

Mutual Evaluation. If it meets the freezing assets and banning
criteria, it has to first become an fundraising for Lashkar-e-Taiba and
HE
its affiliates, it was not considered

observer. If not, a Contact Group is sufficient as other UN designated
sent to advice on further measures groups were not covered.
▪ In 2012, Pakistan was placed on the
needed to qualify.
so-called grey-list of countries
considered uncooperative and tax
havens for terror funding. It remained
on this list till 2015. Pakistan was
replaced on the gray-list on June 29,
2018, and given 15 months to
implement a 27-point action plan
agreed with the FATF.
20
By: Rai Hamza Ahmad
POSSIBLE IMPLICATIONS OF
FATF’S GREY LISTING OF
April 2020
PAKISTAN:
▪ Adverse impact on Pakistan’s banking

EVIEW Edition
channel:
Pakistan’s banking channel could be
adversely affected as it is inevitably
linked with the international financial
system.
▪ Harmful for Pakistan’s faltering
economy:
The impact on Pakistan’s economy could
R
be relatively wide, touching imports,

exports, remittances and access to
OMPETITIVE
international lending.
▪ Effect of Pakistan’s dealings with
foreign financial institutions:
Foreign financial institutions may carry
out enhanced checking of transactions
with Pakistan to avoid risk of violations ▪Alarming for foreign investor’s
TC
pertaining to money laundering and sentiments towards Pakistan:

financing of terrorism. Some such Foreign investors will feel hesitation
institutions may also avoid dealing with while investing in Pakistan. That
HE
Pakistan’s financial system altogether. Pakistan has been placed on the grey
list has been covered in international
news media and the fact will not go
unnoticed by potential investors.
Stock prices at Pakistan Stock
Exchange appear to have already felt
this impact.
▪ Threat of being pushed to the Black
List:
Perhaps the biggest threat from being
placed on the grey list is Pakistan
could be pushed further down to the
black list.
21
By: Rai Hamza Ahmad
WHAT WILL BE THE

CONSEQUENCES IF
April 2020
PAKISTAN BLACKLISTED
UNDER FATF?
▪ Pulling out of international financial institutions - Pakistan's economy is

EVIEW Edition
primarily controlled by multinational banks. After the 2017 fiasco with

Habib Bank, the investors have moved to other multinational banks for their
surety and payments. After being in the blacklist, these international
financial institutions will pull out from Pakistan. The cascading effect will
on the investors too who are dependent upon these banks. They may
prematurely liquidate their investments to move on for better international
options.
R
▪ Fall in foreign currency transactions and currency remittance - With

blacklisting, all the transactions with Pakistan will involve more and more
levels of scrutiny. As a result, the foreign remittance will decrease and the
OMPETITIVE
financial institutions will avoid transacting in highly transferable currency

(USD, Euro, etc.). As a result, foreign remittance will decrease.
TC HE
22
By: Rai Hamza Ahmad
▪ Currency devaluation - With a ▪ Economic sanctions from international

decrease in foreign currency institutions - Being on the Blacklist will
transactions, the entire economy will result in serious economic sanctions from
April 2020
be dependent upon Pakistani Rupee international institutions like IMF, World

which is fighting for its survival and Bank, Asian Development Bank, and
has depreciated massively in last one other similar organizations. This will
year. It is expected that Pakistan result in the following – A) immediate
Rupee may go below 200 per USD in stopping of all the aid from ADB and
EVIEW Edition
the next few months on account of other financial institutions. Even

high demand and less flow of forex in humanitarian aids will stop. B) IMF shall
Pakistan's domestic market. review its bailout package to Pakistan as
▪ Fall in the stock market - As a result no country on a Blacklist can be given
of investors pulling out, the Pakistan Bailout by the IMF. C) Even after this, if
stock market will fall drastically which any country tries to give money or bailout
will affect the economy greatly. the blacklisted country, there may be
serious repercussions against that country
▪ High rates of inflation, civil unrest -
R
so, in a nutshell, no country including

Take the example of Syria who was on China will try to support Pakistan
the Blacklist of FATF in 2011. It financially. D) International financial
OMPETITIVE
resulted in high inflation rates which institutions will also stop any kind of line
triggered a civil war in the country of credit to companies operating from
which caused great destruction. With Pakistan now. This means whatever they
Pakistan being a nuclear state and its buy has to be paid for in advance.
Army is predominantly driven by
religious sentiments, a major ▪ International boycotting - When we see
catastrophe can be on the cards. the example of North Korea (DPRK) and
TC
Iran, we see that after getting blacklisted

in 2016, these two countries have been
totally boycotted by the international
HE
community. Even the best friend to North

Korea- China is not able to help it.
Pakistan is on the verge of an
international boycott now. This will result
in not only economic isolation but also
weaken its position on other international
matters.
USE VITAMIN RICH FRUITS
23
By: Rai Hamza Ahmad
▪ Loss of credibility and goodwill - The international repute,

credibility (both financial as well as diplomatic) and goodwill of
Pakistan is now at stake. This will not only affect the country but
April 2020
also its citizen staying in different parts of the world.

▪ Effect on trade - Traditionally, most of the organizations of the
world put trade barriers on the countries blacklisted by FATF. See
the example of Iran and North Korea again who are not able to
export their products in international markets. As such Pakistan is
EVIEW Edition
facing serious trade deficit and its foreign reserve is on the verge
of collapse. At this time such trade barriers will finish the existing
export instead of increasing it.
SUGGESTIVE MEASURES FOR

R
PAKISTAN TO NORMALIZE
ITS STATUS IN FATF
OMPETITIVE
▪ Terrorism financing risks are properly ▪ Law enforcement agencies are

identified, assessed, and supervised; identifying and investigating
▪ Remedial actions and sanctions are financing of terrorism and prosecuting
applied in cases of money laundering related designated persons and
and financing of terrorism violations; entities;
▪ Financing of terrorism prosecutions
TC
▪ Competent authorities are

coordinating to identify and take results in applicable sanctions and
enforcement action against illegal enhancing the capacity and support for
HE
money or value transfer services; prosecutors and the judiciary;

▪ Authorities are identifying cash ▪ Effective implementation of targeted
couriers and enforcing controls on financial sanction against all
illicit movement of currency and designated terrorists;
understanding the risk of cash couriers ▪ Enforcement against financing of
being used for financing of terrorism; terrorism violations including
▪ Improving inter-agency coordination administrative and criminal penalties
including between provincial and and authorities cooperating on
federal authorities on combating enforcement cases; and
financing of terrorism risks; ▪ Facilities and services owned or
controlled by designated persons are
deprived of their resources.
24
By: Rai Hamza Ahmad
Pakistan should also highlight

A NALYSIS FATF’s double standards such as ignoring
Pakistan’s FATF experience clearly Indian support to TTP and BLA terrorists
April 2020
underscores the political dimensions of this against Pakistan, and India’s own money
organization. For instance, even when laundering. Such double standards have also
Pakistan was on the black or grey list, there been underscored by international experts.
EVIEW Edition
was little financial pressure on the country. For instance, the western elite FATF
It received several bailouts from the IMF countries cannot explain the money
and generous assistance from the US. This laundering exposed by the Panama Papers,
was due to American dependence on involving major Western banks. BCCI was
Pakistan for counterterrorism cooperation. It penalized for drug money laundering but not
R
is only after the growing Indo-US one of its major clients, the CIA, which used
partnership, especially after Trump’s the bank in the Iran Contra Affair. Nor have
OMPETITIVE
election, that the FATF has been used as a the links between BCCI and former US
means of political leverage. And the goal presidents George H W Bush and Bill
posts keep being pushed back with demands Clinton been investigated. Meanwhile, drug
to do more. While Pakistan needs to take trafficking remains a lucrative business in
action for its own sake, it also needs to use the West, apart from Western-sourced
TC
its leverage with the US, such as in terrorism financing for ISIS. Consequently,
Afghanistan and counterterrorism, to ensure several scholars and legal experts criticize
HE
that it’s financial and security interests are FATF as a

not jeopardized.
“Tool that powerful countries use to force their preferences

on others” and to “paint non-compliant states as rogue and
unreliable”.
25
IDEOLOGY OF PAKISTAN: PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE
By:Humma Safdar
PERSPECTIVES
I DEOLOGY OF PAKISTAN
PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE
PERSPECTIVES
April 2020
Ideology is a form of social and

political philosophy. It is a system of The ideology of Pakistan has a
ideas, beliefs and concepts which are unique significance as a Muslim
ingrained in social conscientiousness of political movement, striving for
separate electorate to preserve its
EVIEW Edition
people. This system of ideas serves as a

seed around which further thought grows. identity in united India, was converted
Every nation has a specific ideology that into a movement of independence.
defines its political, social and economic Hurtz postulates that ‘consciousness of
systems. Capitalism, Socialism, Marxism nationhood’ is a prerequisite of
and Communism are renowned formation of an ideology. The Muslims
ideologies. The term ‘ideologie’ was first of India were conscious of their
appeared in Destutt de Tracy’s writings separate identity and they were united
R
during French Revolution. He described under the umbrella of Muslim

ideology as ‘science of ideas. In his book Nationalism. The fundamental
ideology of Pakistan, Shareef Mujahid difference of religion, culture and
OMPETITIVE
states, Ideology incorporates those civilization between Hindus and

fundamental moral principles which are at Muslims and former’s prejudiced
the root of ‘weltanschauung’ (a view of attitude affirmed Muslim’s separate
life or world of a group) of a nation. The identity in the subcontinent. Ideology
creation of Pakistan is an outcome of Two of Pakistan challenged the idea of uni-
Nation Theory (TNT). According to it, nationalism as propagated by Indian
National Congress. It provided the
TC
Muslims and Hindus are separate nations

belonging to two different religious whole basis to establish a separate
philosophies, social customs and homeland.
literature.
HE
26
By:Humma Safdar
PERSPECTIVES
Historically, South Asia displays a The former declared India

picture of rivalry and conflict between the ‘Dar-ul-Harb’ and in desire to
April 2020
Hindus and the Muslims. They lived preserve Muslim’s distinct identity
together since 8th century but failed to tried to convert it into ‘Dar-us-Islam’.
develop a harmonious relationship due to And the later, created awareness
constant struggle for establishing among Muslims through modern
supremacy over one another. To mention, education, spirit of nationalism and
EVIEW Edition
the battle between Muhammad bin Qasim pan Islamism. Main components of
and Raja Dahir, the clash between ideology of Pakistan include: Islamic
Mahmud Ghazni and Raja Jaypal, and the Ideology, that is, all Muslims are a
scuffle between the Mughal emperor nation on the basis of a common
Hamayun and Rana Sanga are few events religion. It is the reason that Muslims
which strengthened Muslim’s separate majority areas were demanded as a
identity in the subcontinent. By facing separate homeland to preserve their
such failures in the battlefield, it is also identity and to pass life according to
R
evident; the Hindus adopted a backdoor principles of Quran and Sunnah.

conspiracy to establish indirect Hindu Another component, Two Nation
Padshahi through Bhakti movement and Theory premises that customers
OMPETITIVE
Akbar’s diversion from mainstream Subcontinent was inhabited by two

Islamic Ideology. The evolutionary distinct nations. Sir Syed Ahmed
process of ideology of Pakistan is a Khan provided self-awakening to
product of two social forces i.e. the Jihad Muslims through modern education
movements and the separatist movements and knowledge which paved way for
of Muslim modernists. demand of separate electorate and
formation of Muslim League in 1906.
TC HE
27
By:Humma Safdar
PERSPECTIVES
Quaid-e-Azam in his presidential The ideology of Pakistan also

address of All India Muslim League, on
April 2020
underscores the importance of Islamic

March 22, 1940, stated: The Hindus and democracy. It states that Pakistan is
Muslims belong to two religious’ not a theocratic state but a state based
philosophies, social customs and on secular principles of Islam i.e. to
literature. They neither intermarry nor practice mutual consensus in the state
interdine together and indeed belong to affairs. It is different from West’s
EVIEW Edition
two different civilizations which are based concept of Secularism as it considers

mainly on conflicting ideas and religion a private matter whereas
conceptions. Subsequently, the demand of Islam being a comprehensive religion
a separate territory constituting the encompasses all spheres of human
Muslim-majority areas as accentuated by life.
Dr. Allama Iqbal in his Allahabad address
1930 was necessary to form a state
according to the principles of Islam.
R
OMPETITIVE
TC HE
M AN OF HEARTS
MUHAMMAD ALI JINNAH
28
By:Humma Safdar
PERSPECTIVES
The critics often debate that

Two Nation Theory has lost its
April 2020
relevance after the separation of East

Pakistan or Fall of Decca. It goes
without saying that Two Nation
Theory was based on Muslim
nationalism not on territorial
EVIEW Edition
nationalism. To put, Iqbal says that

Muslims living anywhere in the
world, is the member of Muslim
millet. It proves that Two Nation
Theory was based on Pan Islamic
identity. Salman Syed, in his book,
Recalling the Caliphate states, 1971
is not much the failure of Two Nation
R
Theory rather it is a failure of

Westphalia style nation-stat, with its
insistence on cultural, linguistic and
OMPETITIVE
ethnic homogeneity as necessary for

‘high socio-political cohesion’. Thus,
it must be looked into as a failure of
social cohesion on ethnic and
INNOVATE THINGS linguistic grounds rather than the
irrelevance of Two Nation Theory.
TC
In modern day, the idea of preserving

self-identity on the basis of religious, ethnic
and linguistic factors is subject to certain
HE
antagonism. It is considered as pluralistic and

secularist values of modern states. It gives birth
to a question. Whether a state can be governed
on the basis of an ideology? Its answer lies in
these facts that ideology provides a vision and
direction to any newly established state. It
forms laws on the grounds of ideological
aspirations. It serves as a basis of statehood i.e.
by defined territory, permanent population,
sovereignty and a government to govern the
masses. Ideology also accentuates the factors
of commonality to promote national
integration in a pluralistic nation.
29
By:Humma Safdar
PERSPECTIVES
Therefore, it is apt to mention

that the ideology of Pakistan was
shaped by an evolutionary process.
April 2020
Historical experiences provided the

base to the ideology; Sir Syed
Ahmed Khan strengthened it by self-
awakening; Allama Iqbal provided
the philosophical foundation to
It was the self-actualization of
EVIEW Edition
ideology; Quaid-e-Azam translated

Muslims of India who considered that
it into political reality and the
their future was unsafe in ‘democratic
Constituent Assembly of Pakistan,
and secular India’ and put forward the
by passing Objectives Resolution
demand of separate homeland on the
1949, gave it a legal sanction.
basis of Two Nation Theory. The
current violent state of the Secularist
India, after passage of Citizenship
Amendment Act 2019, asserts that
R
Muslims demand on the basis of Two

Nation Theory was valid.
OMPETITIVE
TC HE
30 R ECYCLE THE PLASTIC

THE ART OF THE PRECIS WRITING
By:Kiran Sana Ullah
TOP TWELVE OUT OF

THE BOX SOLUTIONS
April 2020
1
Précis writing remains Achilles’ heel for most of the candidates of the competitive
exams, despite a plethora of instructions aspirants get confused because of certain
popular misconceptions about the nature of this exercise, and, eventually, miss the
mark. Here are some specifics (based on common sense, not run-of-the-mill rules)
EVIEW Edition
1 2
First of all, you need to understand the 2Do not use a dictionary or thesaurus,
exact purpose of précis writing. As a
précis writer, your task is to produce an while practicing précis writing. First, it
easier, shorter yet complete version of would make you dependent and you will
the passage for an average reader. Keep
R
in mind that your potential reader feel handicapped in the examination hall
doesn’t have enough time to undertake a without such aids. Secondly, and more
detailed study of the passage, and you’re
OMPETITIVE
trying to help him out by transforming it importantly, you must learn to infer
into a simple, unassuming piece of meanings from the context in which they
writing.
have been used
TC
3 4
In case you find it difficult to make an
HE
overall sense of the paragraph, divide

that into four or five parts and note Underline the striking sentences and
down the idea expressed in each part. phrases and make a list of the main ideas.
This will help you to reproduce the This will serve as an outline of your précis
main ideas in the passage.
31
By:Kiran Sana Ullah
5 6
April 2020
Don’t use expressions like, “According to

Learn to distinguish between essentials the author” or “In author’s view”. This is
and non-essentials and supporting ideas obvious and there is no need to waste your
and information. Skim through the valuable space by mentioning what is
EVIEW Edition
passage once or twice before grinding the obvious. However, this expression may be
details. used at the beginning (only once) when
the author has used the first person “I” in
the passage.
R
7 8
OMPETITIVE
Use linking words like thus, however,

Try to write short, simple and uninvolved moreover, hence, but, in addition to etc.,
sentences. Long and complex structures only where they are really required.
can become difficult for you to handle, Inserting these words between the
TC
and may confuse the examiner as well. sentences will look absurd and may spoil
your précis
HE
32
By:Kiran Sana Ullah
9 10
April 2020
Repetition of ideas is a cardinal sin in a Avoid using ornamental and lofty
précis. Also avoid repetition of words or language in the précis.

EVIEW Edition
expressions
11
R
12
Giving appropriate title to the précis is a
OMPETITIVE
Always write précis in indirect speech. If matter of top importance as it can make
or mar your impression. Keep following
there are directs quotes in the passage points in mind in this regard:
convert those into indirect form. The ▪ Title must not be too general
▪ It should neither be too short nor
passages in a dialogue form must also be too long.
changed it into indirect narration. ▪ It must express the main idea
TC
highlighted in the passage.

▪ Try giving a title without using a
verb in that
HE
33
PRECIS 2020
By: Rana Frass Hameed
O RIGINAL PASSAGE
April 2020
(Manto was a victim of social ambivalence that converged on self-righteousness,

hypocrisy and mental obtuseness. His detractors branded him as vulgar and obscene
and implicated him into a long drawn legal battle questioning the moral validity of
EVIEW Edition
his writings. Without being deterred by their negative tactics, he remained firm in his
commitment to exploring the stark realities of life offensive to the conservative taste
of self-styles purists. In the line of Freud, he sought to unravel the mysteries of sex
not in an abstract non-earthly manner, but in a palpable, fleshly permutation
signifying his deep concern for the socially disabled and depressed classes of society
like petty wage earners, pimps and prostitutes. For Manto, man is neither an angel
R
nor a devil but a mix of both. His middle and lower middle-class characters think,
feel and act like human beings. Without feigning virtuosity, he was able to strike a
OMPETITIVE
rapport with his readers on some of the most socio-moral issues concerning them. As
a realist he was fully conscious of the yawning gap between appearance and reality,
in fact nothing vexed him more than a demonstrable duality in human behavior at
different levels of the social hierarchy. He had an un-jaundiced view of man’s
TC
faults and follies. As a literary artist, he treated vulgarity discreetly- withot ever
sounding vulgar in the process. Like Joyce, Lawrance and Caldwell, in Manto’s work
HE
too, men and women of the age find their own restlessness accurately mirrored. And
like them, Manto was also “raised above his own self by his somber enthusiasm”.)
(Word Count 261)
34
PRECIS 2020
FIRST DRAFT
April 2020
▪ Manto experienced the social duality which was a combination of self-

righteousness, hypocrisy and mental obtuseness.
▪ His opponents labeled him as obscene and engaged him in legal battles
regarding the validity of his writings.
EVIEW Edition
▪ But he remained firm in exploring the stark realities of life which were against
the tastes of fundamentalists.
▪ In Freudian context, he tried to resolve the mysteries of sex in a pleasant
manner by showing his deep concern for the downtrodden segments of the
society.
▪ He considered man as a mixture of good and evil.
▪ His middle and lower middle-class characters are just like real human beings.
R
▪ Without pretending virtuosity, he was able to build a relation with his readers
on different socio- moral issues of the society.
▪ He knew the gap between appearance and reality nothing teased him more than
OMPETITIVE
the double faces of standards in the society.

▪ He had an impartial view of man’s faults and follies.
▪ As an artist, he treated vulgarity carefully and without ever sounding vulgar.
▪ Like other Western authors’ works, his works depict the anxiety of the people
in their times.
TC
▪ And like them, he was also raised above by his serious passions.
(Approximate Word Count 194/ 261)
HE
Suggested Titles
▪ Manto and His works
▪ Main Themes in manto’s
Works
▪ Manto and Social Duality
▪ Features of Manto’s Works
35
PRECIS 2020
ssss
2ND DRAFT TITLE: MANTO AND SOCIAL DUALITY

April 2020
▪ Manto keenly observed the social duality which included self-righteousness,

hypocrisy and mental obtuseness.
▪ His opponents labeled him as obscene and engaged him in legal disputes
EVIEW Edition
regarding his writings.

▪ But he remained firm in exposing the realities of life which were disliked by
the fundamentalists.
▪ In Freudian context, he tried to resolve the mysteries of sex in a pleasant
manner by depicting downtrodden classes of society.
▪ His characters from middle and lower middle class represent the real human
beings.
▪ Without pretending virtuosity, he developed a relation with his readers
R
regarding their socio-moral issues.

▪ He hated the double-faces of standards in the society.
▪ He had an impartial view of man’s faults and follies.
OMPETITIVE
▪ As an artist, he treated vulgarity carefully and without ever sounding vulgar.

▪ Like other Western authors’ works, his works depict the anxiety of the
people in their times.
▪ And like them, he was also raised above by his serious passions.
TITLE: MANTO AND SOCIAL DUALITY

TC
FINAL DRAFT
HE
Manto experienced and hated the social duality. His opponents

considered him obscene and engaged him in legal disputes regarding his
writings. But he remained firm in exposing the realities of life. He tried to
resolve the mysteries of sex in a pleasant manner by depicting lower-classes
of society. His characters from middle and lower middle class represent the
society. Without ever pretending virtuosity, he developed an understanding
with his readers on their socio-moral issues. Having an impartial view of man’s
character, he treated vulgarity carefully and without ever sounding vulgar.
36
PERSONALITY OF THE MONTH By: Fatima Tauseef
JINNAH: THE GREAT

LEADER
April 2020
Out of great personages of history

there have been some who created their
own pattern and tradition of leadership
which reflected their special genius.
Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah
EVIEW Edition
belongs to this class. He did not have

greatness thrust on him, he achieved
greatness through the cultivation of his
talents and capacities and the building
up of a character that emerged unharmed
from all alterations like burnished gold
out of fire. Early in his life he learnt to
discipline his emotions, imbibe moral
R
values and enlarge his vision. He as a

young man chose a profession which
gave ample scope for his innate qualities
OMPETITIVE
to blossom. With amazing determination

and brilliance, he worked his way up in
the legal profession till he attained the
position of leader of the bar. He
possessed qualities as a convincing and
accomplished speaker and a skillful and
effective debater which had contributed
TC
to his success in both educational and

practical life. He started his public career
as a parliamentarian which was the first
HE
step towards national leadership. He was

recognized leader of the Muslims in the
sub-continent. There is no doubt that he
altered the direction of the history with
his wisdom and willpower. He started to
talk about the rights of Muslims at
political, social and Economic level in
the sub-continent. It was under the
leadership of Muhammad Ali Jinnah and
his continuous struggle, devotion and
dedication that Pakistan was achieved
where Muslims live in freedom with
their heads held high.
37
PERSONALITY OF THE MONTH By: Fatima Tauseef
JINNAH: THE GREAT

April 2020
LEADER
He was honest and never worked for
his personal interests or fame. He devoted
his time, energy and even life for the
creation of Pakistan and prior to this for the
EVIEW Edition
creation of a Nation having Unity, Faith and

discipline among them. His greatest
strategic triumph was his successful
handling of the situation and his practical
wisdom. Positive thinking and optimistic
behavior were the reason of contentment of
his people. His political life is a unique
depiction of continuous struggle, unshaken
R
determination, splendid discipline,

unparalleled honesty, extraordinary
intelligence and natural quality of
OMPETITIVE
leadership. It has been rightly said that he

was so wise that he could not be deceived;
he was so brave that he could neither be
frightened nor threatened, and he was so
honest that he could not be purchased. He
was such a great man whose faith and firm
TC
had transformed the desperation of millions

of Muslims into a great success in form of
separate homeland-Pakistan which is based
HE
on Islamic Ideology, equality and Social

Justice. He elucidated the need of Muslim
homeland as: “Pakistan not only means
freedom and independence but the Muslim
ideology which has to be preserved, which
has come to us as a precious gift and treasure
and which we hope, others will share with
us.”
38
HAZARDS OF MERCURY CONTAMINATION ON HEALTH & ENVIRONMENT
By: Syed Zain Ul Abideen
HAZARDS OF MERCURY CONTAMINATION

ON HEALTH & ENVIRONMENT
April 2020
Alongside arsenic and lead, mercury ranks as one of the most

toxic substance on Earth. Its emissions can reach long distances,
which makes it a subject for global concern. Dumping of
EVIEW Edition
mercury into our atmosphere, waterways and food chain

continues unabated. The renewed interest of the International
Community in the prevention of mercury contamination can be
reflected by the Minamata Convention, signed on October 2013.
The adverse effects of mercury are not new, they have been
R
known since the earliest recorded death of the Qin Shi Huang,
the first emperor who unified China. In recent times, mercury
OMPETITIVE
contamination poses a high risk to health and environment with

serious consequences.
TC HE
39
Mercury exists in three forms: metallic;

inorganic; organic. Each form possesses
April 2020
varying levels of toxicity depending on the

route of exposure (inhalation, ingestion or
dermal contact). Anthropogenic causes that
proliferate mercury in the biosphere vary from
EVIEW Edition
burning of fossil fuels to small house hold

spills. Once released, it enters the
atmospheric-soil-water distribution cycles
where it remains in circulation for a long time.
Owing to its persistence in the environment,
R
long-range atmospheric transportation and its

ability to bio-accumulate, mercury poses a
The elemental form of mercury can
OMPETITIVE
potential hazard.
vaporize due to its low latent heat of
evaporation (295 KJ/Kg). These vapors
are a potent neuro-toxic as they harm the
central and peripheral nervous system.
TC
Around 80% of the inhaled mercury is

absorbed by lung tissues. These vapors,
HE
once oxidized, become lipid soluble and

bio-accumulate in liver and brain where
their half-life can be as long as 20 years.
It can result in kidney failure and loss of
coordination. Even low concentrations of
vapor, ranging from 0.7 to 42 µg / m3,
can produce tremors. Dental amalgams
are the most important source for this
CLEAN THE FORESTS form.
40
Inorganic mercury is converted to its

organic form by biotic process. The most
April 2020
common form is methylmercury, which is

Inorganic mercury exists as either readily transported into the aquatic
mercurous (Hg1+) or mercuric (Hg2+) ecosystem and exhibits a proclivity to bio-
form. Sources include skin lightening accumulate with concentrations ranging
EVIEW Edition
products and certain fungicides. from 0.05 to 1.4 (mg/kg) of fish tissue. As
Mercuric salts are easily absorbed by the we ascend the food chain, methylmercury
gastrointestinal tract and its average is biomagnified with the highest
whole-body half-life is about 40 days. concentrations in predatory fish such as
Large amounts of ingested inorganic sharks and toothed whales. Littoral states
R
mercury may cause bloody diarrhea. that rely on subsistence fishing are highly
Though it is the least toxic of the three vulnerable through oral ingestion.
OMPETITIVE
forms, yet high level exposure can cause Gastrointestinal tract absorbs 95% of
rashes, memory loss and muscle ingested methylmercury from where it
weakness. enters brain and red blood cells. It alters
cellular biology by changing membrane
TC
permeability and is considered as a neuro-

toxic. In compound form it is a
HE
carcinogenic agent.
41 PRAISE THE BEAUTY

Wombs are most susceptible to

methylmercury due to its impact on fetus
April 2020
development that impairs neurological

development, cognitive thinking, motor
Marine life is vulnerable to
and visual spatial skills.
methylmercury as it is covalently bound
Mercury has profound implications on
to protein sulfhydryl groups in fish
EVIEW Edition
the fauna of the region. Birds and

tissue. The binding results in long half-
mammals such as eagles, loons and otters
life of 2 years which prolongs their
that feed on marine life, affected by
elimination.
mercury poisoning, can be at high risk.
As the old adage says: prevention is
Mercury can inhibit their growth,
better than cure, so steps must be taken
R
development and weaken their

to prevent the contamination of mercury.
reproduction ability. These creatures rely
The first step should be to control the
OMPETITIVE
on speed and coordination to obtain food;

greatest source of mercury i.e. burning of
however, mercury can affect their
fossil fuels. Clean energy must be
predatory skills.
promoted instead. Besides, non-mercury
gold extraction techniques should be
TC
encouraged and amalgams in dental

fillings should be replaced with an
HE
alternate. Mercury waste management

techniques that render inert the mercury
contents of waste should be practiced.
42 CARE THE POORS

NEWS: THE TALENT OF JOURNALISTS
By: Kiran Sana Ullah
NEWS: THE TALENT OF

JOURNALISTS
April 2020
News exists in the minds of men. It is not

an event; it is something perceived after
”
EVIEW Edition
the event. The American Journalist John

B. Bogart says:
”
When a dog bites a man, that is not a news; But
when a man bites a dog, that is news.
R
OMPETITIVE
TC HE
This shows that news is anything that makes

people talk. It is not identical with the event:
it is an attempt to reconstruct the essential
framework of the event-essential being
defined against a frame of reference which is
calculated to make the event meaningful to
the reader.
43
April 2020
There is no specific set of rules that

distinguish a news from plethora rather
'journalist talent' and 'Gut feeling' decide
What Is News and What Not.
Asked how they define news, journalists
EVIEW Edition
sometimes reply: " I know It When I See

It". Pressed on why something has been
deemed newsworthy, a Typical response
is: " Because It Just Is".
The ritual of propaganda whose
foundation was laid by Roman Catholics
has exacerbated. The modern media
seems heavily inspired by Roman
R
Catholic and intermingled the fine line

between news and propaganda. In the
OMPETITIVE
world of media "
Fake News" has taken birth of

professionalism and journalistic values
TC
are so important to the worlds media

agencies, then how did it come to this.
"Sometimes news broken by journalists
HE
can break the viewers"

If the professional identity of the
journalists can be seen as kept together
by the social cement of an occupational
ideology of journalism in the self-
perceptions of journalists has come to
mean much more than its modernists
bias of telling people what they need to
know.
44
However, it is worth noting that the main To sum up, it will be pertinent to say that
storm media always held the gateways yes, media is the "King Maker" and it can
April 2020
for the classification of news. In be fruitful to blight the prudence of

totalitarian regimes, their news was people by using media in a pristine way.
declared propaganda by their rivals. The Although there are some anchors who
concept is equally relevant in Pakistan. underestimate the interest and powers of
Take, For Instance' the role of "Faiz state yet this mal-approach of anchors
EVIEW Edition
Ahmed Faiz" a protest poet and an editor can be changed by their socialization and
of 'Pakistan Times' in the Rawalpindi by showering the interest of states in their
Conspiracy Case. The role is explored in minds. If media and its anchors are
detail by research paper, title: Faiz pristinely used in a state, a state can draw
Ahmed Faiz And the Rawalpindi its people out from the quagmire of
Conspiracy Case written by Estelle problems.
Dryland for the Journal of South Asian
Literature Corporation and news
R
agencies control the opinion of the

masses. Even this does not make their
news reports the 'Fake News' What is
OMPETITIVE
fake news then and how can we

differentiate it from propaganda and
persuasion?
Someone aptly said that:

TC
"If you are not connected with media you

are not updated with the world, and if
well informed you gather lots of news
HE
some wage, some authentic".

This mal-approach by the media
approach by the media toward the state
must be curbed and the good steps being
taken by media in a respective state must
be praised with "the golden hands".
45
BREXIT By: Rai Asif Ahmad
R April 2020
EVIEW Edition
OMPETITIVE
”
TC
Of course, Brexit means that something is wrong in Europe. But

Brexit means also that something was wrong in Britain.
HE
”
(Jean-Claude Juncker- President of the European Commission)
Brexit is the withdrawal of the United Kingdom (UK) from the European Union (EU).
Following a UK-wide referendum in June 2016, in which 52% voted to leave and 48%
voted to remain in the EU, the British government formally announced the country's
withdrawal in March 2017, beginning the Brexit process. The withdrawal was delayed
by deadlock in the British parliament. The British Parliament is divided on the Brexit
Deal which is causing delay in Brexit.
46
UNDERSTANDING THE
TERM “BREXIT”
April 2020
A portmanteau of the words “Britain” and “exit,” Brexit

is shorthand for Britain’s split from the European Union,
changing its relationship to the bloc on trade, security and
EVIEW Edition
migration.
H ISTORICAL
BACKGROUND
The UK joined in 1973 (when it was known
as the European Economic Community). If
R
the UK leaves, it would be the first member

state to withdraw from the EU. In 2013,
OMPETITIVE
Prime Minister David Cameron promised a

national referendum on European Union
membership with the idea of settling the
question once and for all. Britons voted on
TC
June 23, 2016, as a refugee crisis made The referendum turnout was very high at
migration a subject of political rage across 72%, with more than 30 million people
HE
Europe and amid accusations that the voting. Despite negotiating a revised deal,
Leave campaign had relied on lies and Prime Minister Boris Johnson will miss the
broken election laws. An ill-defined Brexit latest deadline (October 31, 2019). That's
won 52 percent of the vote. because the EU has agreed to a further
extension until 31 January, 2020. The latest
extension came after MPs failed to pass the
new Brexit deal into law. Finally, The
Britain formally left the EU on January 31,
2020 and the transition period started
47
THe BREXIT
NEW DEAL
April 2020
There are a lot of concerns regarding the future

status of Britain and European Union and the
relation between them. However, following issues
EVIEW Edition
are major concerns in Brexit Deal between EU and

Britain.
NEW CUSTOM THE

ARRANGEMENTS TRANSITION
PERIOD
R
After taking over as PM in July 2019, Mr. The transition - a period of time during
OMPETITIVE
Johnson has renegotiated parts of the which all of the current rules stay the
existing deal. The backstop has been same allowing the UK and the EU to
replaced with new customs negotiate their future relationship - is due
arrangements. Once they take effect, the to last until the end of December 2020.
UK would be able to sign and implement The UK will need to abide by EU rules
TC
its own trade agreements with countries and pay into the EU budget, but will lose
around the world. The revised plan membership of its institutions. The
HE
effectively creates a customs and transition can be extended, but only for a
regulatory border between Northern period of one or two years. Both the UK
Ireland and Great Britain. This means and EU must agree to any extension.
some goods entering Northern Ireland
from Great Britain would have to pay EU
import taxes (known as tariffs). These
would be refunded if goods remain in
Northern Ireland (ie are not moved to the
Republic of Ireland).
48
PROTECTION OF FINANCIAL
CITIZENS’ OBLIGATIONS
April 2020
RIGHTS The UK will have to settle its financial

UK citizens in the EU, and EU citizens in obligations to the EU. There is no precise
the UK, will retain their residency and figure but the biggest part of this "divorce
EVIEW Edition
social security rights after Brexit. bill" will be the UK contributions to the
Freedom of movement rules will 2019 and 2020 EU budgets. As Brexit
continue to apply during transition. This was delayed from 29 March to 31
means that UK nationals will be able to October 2019, some of that money has
live and work in EU countries (and EU been paid as part of the UK's normal
nationals will be able to live and work in membership contributions already. The
R
UK) during this period. Anyone who Office for Budget Responsibility (OBR)
remains in the same EU country for five
OMPETITIVE
estimates that the bill is now around

years will be allowed to apply for £33bn (down from £39bn). The OBR
permanent residence. expects that most of the money - around
three-quarters of the total - would be paid
by 2022, with some relatively small
TC
FUTURE EU-UK payments still being made in the 2060s.

RELATIONS
HE
This is addressed in the political declaration. This text, which is not legally
binding, has also been revised by UK/EU negotiators. It says that both sides will
work towards a Free Trade Agreement (FTA) and a high-level meeting will happen
in June 2020 to see how that work is going. The text also contains a new paragraph
on the so-called "level playing field" - the degree to which the UK will agree to
stick closely to EU regulations in the future. The references to a "level playing
field" were removed from the legally-binding withdrawal agreement and put in the
political declaration, which is not binding. It says that both sides will keep the same
high standards on state aid, competition, social and employment standards, the
49 environment, climate change, and "relevant tax matters".

E FFECTS OF
BREXIT
April 2020
The wide-ranging effects are attached to

the Brexit. Some of them are enlisted
below;
▪ British exclusion from European
CONCLUSION
EVIEW Edition
Union Hence, Brexit is an opportunity as well

▪ New trade regulations
as a disaster at the same time. It can
▪ Formulation of new relation
between EU and UK prove an opportunity for Britain in the
▪ New foreign policy challenges for
sense that it can be a beginning of the
UK
▪ Rise in the nationalist sentiments economic and political revival of Great
across Europe
R
Britain. It can prove a disaster in the

sense that it may add fuel to the fire of
OMPETITIVE
nationalist ideologies in European

Union. Undoubtedly, it is a setback for
the spirit of globalization.
TC
GROW ANIMAL FRUITS

HE
50
COMPARISON BETWEEN BUREAUCRATIC MODEL AND NEW PUBLIC
MANAGEMENT (NPM) By: Humma Safdar
COMPARISON BETWEEN
BUREAUCRATIC MODEL
AND NEW PUBLIC
April 2020
MANAGEMENT (NPM)
In the end of 19th century, Considering such discrepancies
Bureaucratic Model of Max Weber in the bureaucratic system, New Public
was introduced to address the needs of Administration Model was introduced.
EVIEW Edition
the modern society. Bureaucratic But inefficiencies remained in the

organization in Weber’s view was a system. In the 1980s, it was proposed
rational-legal because it carried out that Public Organization must be
complex organizational activities in treated as a ‘Business-entity’ to
an organized, legitimate and effective mitigate the prevailing loopholes.
R
manner. Weber defines the

Bureaucratic Model as, the social
OMPETITIVE
mechanism that maximizes efficiency

in administration and a form of social
organization with specific CHARACTERISTICS
characteristics. Inefficiencies in the OF BUREAUCRATIC
Formal Rules
TC
MODEL
traditional bureaucratic model were &
surfaced in the aftermath of World Procedures

HE
War II. The bureaucratic model was

failed to address the contemporary
problems due to red-tapism, existence
of informal networks, political
interference, and risk aversion
approach of bureaucracy and
redundancy in tasks by overlooking
the outcome.
51
Therefore, New Public Management

(NPM) was introduced to modernize public
April 2020
sector. It was premised to reduce

bureaucracy and adopt private sector
management practices. Unlike the
EVIEW Edition
Weberian Bureaucratic Model, NPM called

for a paradigm shift in public sector
CHARACTERISTICS
management with three E’s i.e. efficiency,
OF NPM
economy and effectiveness. Christopher
Hood considers NPM as ‘a marriage of
R
opposites’, of which one partner is new

institutional economics and the other one is
OMPETITIVE
a set of successive waves of business-type

managerialism.
The critics argue that the beliefs that
government should be run like a business and citizens
should be treated like customers have put the citizens
TC
and government in reactive role. People are viewed as

economic units and not as democratic participants. It
HE
is considered a remedy for management ills but

reorganization and restructuring of entire bureaucratic
setup can downsize the government of developing
countries.
52
DESCRIPTION Bureaucratic Model New Public Management

April 2020
MECHANISMS FOR ▪ Administer programs through Creating mechanisms and

Government and its agencies incentive structures to achieve
ACHIEVING POLICY ▪ Proactive role in policy making policy objectives through private
OBJECTIVES and policy implantation and nonprofit agencies
▪ More say in policy matters than
EVIEW Edition
the ministers
ADMINISTRATIVE
DISCRETION Limited discretion allowed to Wide discretion to meet goals
administrative officials
R
APPROACH TO
Hierarchical administrators are Market-driven - the accumulation
ACCOUNTABILITY responsible to democratically of self-interests will result in
elected political leaders outcomes desired by broad groups
of stakeholders
OMPETITIVE
ASSUMED
ORGANIZATIONAL It is marked by top-down Decentralized public
authority within agencies and organizations with primary
STRUCTURE control or regulation of clients control remaining within the
agency
TC
ASSUMED
MOTIVATIONAL BASIS
Pay and benefits, civil service Entrepreneurial spirit,
OF PUBLIC SERVANTS protection ideological desire to reduce size
HE
of government
& ADMINISTRATORS
FOCUS ON Least as convoluted rules and Primary focus is on responsiveness

regulations are practiced to deliver by decentralizing authority
RESPONSIVENESS
services
FOCUS ON
EFFICIENCY & Efficiency & effectiveness are Maintained by focusing on
maintained through rigid command outcome and de-bureaucratization
EFFECTIVENESS and centralized authority of organization
53
April 2020
EVIEW Edition
The relevance of NPM in developing countries like Pakistan is

subject to debate. Many factors which obstruct the bureaucracy to
change include its culture, traditional role, bureaucratic attitude and
R
political will, absence of strong local government setup and ignorance

of democratic leaders to deal with rapid changes in developing
OMPETITIVE
societies. Though it is highly encouraged in OECD countries but its

implementation in developing countries can further deteriorate the
development of modern societies.
TC HE
54
COMPUTERIZATION & HUMANITY By: Kanwal Pervaiz
COMPUTERIZATION &
”
HUMANITY
April 2020
”
The future of humanity is in doldrums with the rise of increased wave of
computerization that would possibly lead towards a dehumanized society.
EVIEW Edition
Without any doubt the time has

come when a word “google” is among
the first hundred words a child learns
in his life; the time where it does not
R
need to give a hand to make a friend

rather tapping fingertips is enough, Erosion of quintessential
OMPETITIVE
the time where a person is connected qualities of humans, losing physical

all over the world but not in true sense humanly experiences, eliminating
and the time when humans have all the values of privacy and security,
the gadgets to communicate with threatening human existence,
TC
every other person but lonely from compelling humans to take inhuman
inside. The tidal wave of steps by replacing them
HE
computerization since the last century internalization of technology by

is surely impacting human and genetics alteration, imbibing
certainly it has been facilitating corruption and sensitivity as well as
mankind in many ways but more than harming the whole planet fulfilling
that it poses a real challenge to its selfish motives, are the ways how
humanity and so is the discussion of computerization is creating
this debate. dehumanized world which need to be
saved finding the balance between
‘could’ and ‘should’.
55
MYTH OR REALITY?
April 2020
Computerization is not a myth in fact its

exponential growth as mentioned by
Gerd Leonhard in his book “Technology
vs. Humanity” is a reality which is
LEADING TOWARDS
EVIEW Edition
changing our physical, social and

biological world. Surely, technological
DEHUMANIZED
advancements and computerization are
SOCIETY
facilitating us, making our lives easier, The real question is how does the
faster and better in terms of quality increased computerization is leading
R
living as technology provides speedy humans towards dehumanized society

and comfortable transportation and so the first and foremost essential of
OMPETITIVE
communication sources, saves many humanized world is the existence of

lives through advanced treatments and human values and its inseparable traits.
equipment, shrinks communication gap Computerization is certainly eroding the
and distances, boosts economic growth quintessential qualities of humans such
TC
and raises the overall developmental as compassion, mystery, spontaneity,

levels in every field. However, surprise intuition and spirituality which
HE
increased computerization poses great are more than necessary to live a life of
challenges to humanity in the form of humans not of machines. It is the
chipping away humane values and intuition and compassion of a mother
widening the gaps and inequalities that guides her to fulfill the needs of her
within and among humans and their newborn without child`s capacity to
classes. speak. Without such qualities, humans
would be computers just understanding
what are fed with.
56
Humanity is what you feel from inside; it

is being motivated and happy; it is natural
April 2020
instinct of humans that gives them

This makes the human disillusioned where
happiness. Every person wants to be
he does not be able to cope with real-
happy; it is the ultimate goal of every
world situations like how a person would
technological product that humans create
EVIEW Edition
save the lives of other person by sitting

but undoubtedly happiness does not come
behind the screens only thus,
from mechanics or being machines and
computerization is creating illusions by
accumulating several gadgets. Instead of
taking humans away from physical real
these, it comes from experiences, physical
world.
activities, compassion, relationships,
R
Privacy and security being the essential

accomplishments, and these are not the
values of humanity are at risk because of
outcomes of digitization; though
OMPETITIVE
computer ‘eye’ tracking all the time.

machines facilitate us to get desired
Sense of safety and privacy are the keys to
objectives easily but happiness is for sure
keep the humanity intact as it is a humane
not the result of mechanics. It is not
act to keep lives private and protected. If
connecting to inter-net rather to inner-net.
TC
everyone`s life is open to everyone and

Virtual world created by computers gives
nothing remains personal then it would be
disillusioned life full of unreal things; it is
HE
impossible to keep peace in society. But

a place where everything is perfect, easy
with the bombardment of digital
and flexible to any change by just typing
technology like apps and social media
some commands.
sites all have become naked. Increased
computerization is eroding privacy and
‘me time’, and become the source of
online stalking and harassment.
57
Increased computerization is The future of labor class especially with

threatening the human existence by low skills set and education is in danger
April 2020
inculcating the feeling of hatred as now by the rise of machines (robots) in the
a days it is very easy to defame others or manufacturing field as these take away
spread hatred against specific race, jobs and use computers in their place.
gender, culture, religion and more by Such replacement not only generates
EVIEW Edition
merely tapping the fingers on screen and poverty and inequalities but instills the
posting fake news or making derogatory feeling of resentment, frustration and
remarks which are indeed against the extremism among fired workers as World
core of humanity which teaches to Economic Forum also mentioned that
respect the difference and develop technology has raised inequalities and
R
tolerance. widened the gap between the classes of

Human race has serious health global population. Mechanization of
OMPETITIVE
repercussions by the rising digitization humans through internalization of

since the usage of computers technology is also a great concern for
specifically social media sites releases humanity as alteration of genomes and
the same chemical as released by the use instillation of desired genetic make-up
TC
of drugs called dopamine that keeps the through genetic engineering has also
user stick to machines and engage in un- started in the world which will ultimately
HE
real virtual world. This in turns results produce humans with desired attributes.
in obesity, damaged vision, declining Gerd Leonhard called such humans
cognitive skills and so more. ‘sitting ducks’ who could be manipulated
Thus, acting like slow-poison killing by the one who knows how to run a
human’s contrary to the basic concept of system. Such people would not be able to
humanity. think independently and would always
stay in confusion and illusion that will
eventually erode humanity at greater pace.
58
Exposure to abusive and sexually

explicit content and sensationalization CONCLUSION
April 2020
of everything corrupts human intellect

and moral values thus making them It is not wrong to say that
indifferent and callous to real barbaric computerization is eroding essentials
and disastrous events. All the time of humanity and contaminating the
EVIEW Edition
sitting on the screens and knowing core values of compassion, intuition,

every single detail without filtering spontaneity and spirituality apart
unnecessary details makes people from risking human race by posing
insensitive and cold that poses real great challenges of insecurity, ill-
threats to humanity. health and much more thus increased
R
computerization or digitalization
acts as a double-edged sword having
FINDING THE
OMPETITIVE
ramifications and benefits as well

BALANCE which will be the next domain in
These repercussions of harming the upcoming write-up.
very values of humanity need to be
TC
mitigated by finding the balance

between ‘what computers could do’
HE
and ‘what it should do’. It is imperative

to maintain and retain clarity between
reality and simulation as if this balance
is not allowed to be maintained then
world would be override by the hands
of high-tech machines and humans
would lose capacity to serve the
purpose of humanity. Hence, it is
highly significant to invest in
59 developing mental capital and connect SAVE PLANET

with your inner-net not with inter-net.
PRACTICAL & COST-EFFECTIVE SOLUTIONS TO CONTROL WATER BORNE DISEASES
PRACTICAL & COST-

April 2020
EFFECTIVE SOLUTIONS TO
CONTROL WATER BORNE
DISEASES
EVIEW Edition
Man’s greatest enemy can only be

seen under the microscope. It is these
micro sized organisms that pose an
existential threat to the vast majority of
mankind. Water, a precious commodity,
R
is an index of life; hydration ensures Water borne diseases such
perpetuation of all species. Wherever as Cholera, Cryptosporidium,

OMPETITIVE
water or moisture abounds, any kind of Cryptosporidiosis, Dysentery,
micro-organism can thrive. Water borne Gastroenteritis, Giardiasis,
diseases are not new to man; historic Hepatitis A, Legionellosis, and
accounts narrate sailors preferring Typhoid are the result of either

TC
Alcohol instead of water on long sea ingestion, consumption, or dermal
voyages, as the latter was considered to contact with contaminated water.

HE
cause blisters. Modern science has Nature reiterates its dictum,
broadened our understanding and ‘Survival of the fittest’, when two
identified the etiologic agents causing forms of life enter into a
the disease: micro-organisms, bio-toxins competition, and the weaker
and toxic contaminants. succumbs. According to US

Centre for Disease Control and
Prevention there are 4 billion
episodes of diarrhea globally. The
statistics are appalling, but with
60 practical and cost-effective steps

we can control the proliferation of
By: Syed Zain ul Abideen
Every individual inhabiting the planet can receive quality sanitary and
health services; but the idea would not be economically feasible. The cost
April 2020
incurred would render this utopian ideology useless. A pragmatic approach

would be to introduce cost-effective solutions to ensure that the causes of
water borne diseases are anticipated and dealt effectively. One of the causes
of the outbreak of water borne diseases is an increase in precipitation in an
EVIEW Edition
area. When a locality receives more precipitation, the municipal sewers reach
their capacity and overflow. This spreads the contaminated water on the
surface. Global warming has increased the frequency of rainfall, and the risk
”
of contamination is expected to rise further, as a report says:
R
Globally, the impact of waterborne diarrheal disease is high and

OMPETITIVE
expected to climb with climate change.
”
(Human Health Perspective on Climate Change 2010)
TC HE
I NVEST IN SOIL
61
The event of precipitation is usually succeeded by an

outbreak of Cholera. This is prevalent in developing or
April 2020
underdeveloped parts of the world, as these countries do not

have a modern and efficient method of sewerage. In 2000,
around 140,000 cases of Cholera were reported to WHO
EVIEW Edition
(World Health Organization), and 87 % of them occurred

in Africa. Moreover, according to United Nations, around
892 million people in underdeveloped parts of the world
practice open defecation. In the event of flood, the fecal
” contaminants
surrounding.
are dispersed and contaminate the
R
In the 34 sub-Saharan Africa countries with data, less than 20 per

OMPETITIVE
cent of the population on average had a facility with soap and water
at home in 2015.”
(United Nations- Sustainable Development
”
Goals Report)
An effective strategy would be to append the storage

TC
capacities of the municipal sewers and steepen the drain

angle of the already existing drain pipes, by making them
HE
more inclined, causing faster drainage. This will incur less

cost as only the existing infra-structure has to be modified.
Also, open defecation should be discouraged and local
communities should be encouraged to construct low budget
‘ECO-SAN’ toilets, as designed by Gramalaya, a non-profit
organization. The excreta in these toilets will be diverted to
a chamber which can be potentially used as Bio-gas
reservoir.
62
The above assessment of

the UN report reveals the lack of basic
hand-washing facility to many
April 2020
inhabitants in the under-developed parts

of the World. This directly correlates to
an outbreak of water-borne diseases. The
bacteria in the intestinal tract can be
EVIEW Edition
passed on to the new host, if hygienic

standards of disinfection are not
practiced. An example is the bacteria,
Salmonella, which is spread in this way.
The most obvious approach would be to
R
provide people with a soap. However,

another, but not a substitute method, A vast majority of people
OMPETITIVE
would be to set up Sanitizer kiosks, in the rural areas lack knowledge about
which are portable and economical and proper hygienic practices. This causes
can be installed in various public places. them to be vulnerable to many
They can be used very easily and parasites and organisms causing water
TC
effectively by a majority of people or borne diseases. The local communities
pedestrians and thus the risk of spreading must be mobilized to conduct

HE
infection can minimized. awareness programs at educational

institutions and social media on the
following: boiling the water for 1
LOVE minute; washing hands before every
meal; prevent water stagnation; and
LIVING filtration with an absolute pore size of
one-micron or smaller, which kills
THINGS! many parasites, such as
Cryptosporidium.
63
Damaged cesspits are also
KEEP another cause of outbreak of water borne

diseases. The cesspits whose walls have
April 2020
ANIMALS been punctured or have undergone leaks

are the prime sources of disease-causing
HAPPY organisms. The water in these pits leaks
EVIEW Edition
into the ground and seeps into the

domestic supply system. This can
distribute the hazardous water into the
entire municipality and cause sever
In some developing parts of the outbreaks. Such an event took place in
world where water recreational facilities 1854, Soho, England. The effective
R
are accessible to the masses, there exists a solution would be to periodically drain
high chance of diseases. As an example, the cesspits and disinfect it. Also, the
OMPETITIVE
the bacteria – Pseudomonas, and the walls of the cesspits should be concrete
parasite – Schistosomatidae, both infect lined, and coated with a layer of
their hosts when a person comes in dermal impervious material to ensure zero-leaks.
contact with the contaminated water. A
TC
simple and economical approach is to

disinfect the water by effective
HE
chlorination methods. This method can

counter the bacteria, Pseudomonas; but
Schistoomatidae needs a different
approach. This parasite generally seeks
snails and birds as its reservoir; therefore,
the effective counter would be to
eliminate snails with molluscicide, and
interrupting the life cycle of parasite in
birds by treating them with anti-helmetic
64 drug.
Missing water treatment plants -

It is pertinent to mention
even ageing water treatment plants - can
April 2020
here that the local community,

cause diseases. In areas where treatment
government agencies or neighborhood
plants are missing, the local community
may incur costs in implementing the
should be taught to construct home-made
aforementioned solutions. By contrast the
EVIEW Edition
water treatment plants by distributing

cost incurred in treatment of disease
pamphlets describing the method of
affected masses can be significantly high.
construction of home-made purifiers. Old
So, by all means, the cost of prevention is
treatment plants can lose their
significantly less than the cost of
sterilization power over time, if proper
treatment. Therefore, it is wise to invest in
maintenance is not carried out then the
R
prevention, hence removing the causes

public that will drink from these sources
leading to the outbreak of diseases.
can be at risk. Therefore, it would be wise
OMPETITIVE
to undertake an annual maintenance of the

treatment plants.
TC HE
SAVE TREES
65
THE DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION MODEL AND THE
FUTURE OF THE DEVELOPING WORLD By: Syed Zain ul Abidin
THE DEMOGRAPHIC
TRANSITION MODEL The Demographic Transition
April 2020
AND THE FUTURE OF Model is a comprehensive graphical
THE DEVELOPING representation of the changing dynamics
WORLD of population. There are four stages in the

model and each stage corresponds to a
EVIEW Edition
On a typical metro journey in

particular transition. Beginning with
Lahore it is not uncommon to see
stage 1, the Low Growth Stage, the RNI
commuters crowded inside the articulated
(Rate of Natural Increase) is less as the
buses that shuttle through the main areas
Crude Birth Rate (CBR) and the CDR
of the city. This is a common observation
(Crude Death Rate) are high thereby
in South Asia or, if one makes a bold
R
keeping the overall population stationary.

generalization, the developing world.
This is a characteristic of subsistence
Population trend in this part of the world
OMPETITIVE
economies where population growth is

predicts a high growth rate and declining
checked by disease, famine and war.
death rates. Demographics is not static;
Almost all countries have gone past this
they can change their trend over time and
stage due to advancement in medical
with it alter the course of nations. For
TC
science which has slowed down the CDR.

geographer’s demography of an area
Thus, with one of the variables in reverse,
changes according to the demographic
HE
it is possible to predict the next stage. The

transition model (DTM). This can bring
second stage, the High Growth Stage,
potential opportunities for the developing
results in a high RNI. This is due to a
world especially in modernizing their
decline in CDR, though the CBR remains
economy.
high as it is a deep routed cultural
tradition in many backward countries.
This stage is a feature of the under-
developed world. For example, according
to one estimate, Kenya has a CDR of 14
66 per 1000 but a CBR of 32 per 1000.

FUTURE OF THE DEVELOPING WORLD By: Syed Zain ul Abideen
The third stage, Moderate Growth Stage,

as the name implies RNI starts decreasing. This
As an imaginary line the Brandt
is primarily due to advancement in society as
April 2020
Line bifurcates the globe into the north

people move to cities, economy starts shifting
and the south which corresponds to the
from agricultural to industrial and improvement
rich and poor part of the world. Most
in medical facilities ensure that existing children
of the developing nations are located
EVIEW Edition
live longer. Women empowerment too

in the global south which are in stage
discourages a woman of fertile age to conceive
3 of the Demographic Transition
less children. Hence, population growth slows
Model. In this context, certain
down, yet it is not zero in many places as the RNI
countries such as India, Pakistan,
is still positive. This is a feature of the
Indonesia and Philippines which are
R
developing world such as Asia and Africa. The

classified as developing nations will
fourth stage, The Low Growth Stage, sees the
rise the hierarchy and modernize their
OMPETITIVE
CBR fall to the level of CDR where both

economy.
stabilize and hence virtually no increase in
population takes place. This is the condition in
Europe or one can say in most countries beyond
the Brandt Line
TC HE
67
These developing countries are Moving further east,

viewed as the future economic power the ASEAN (Association of South East
April 2020
houses. It is often discussed in the Asian Nations) deserve special mention.

academia that economic pivot is shifting Similar to South Asia, the demography in
to the East. In this regard South Asia takes this region is a good omen for economy.
the center stage in the emerging hub of Indonesia and Philippines are two
EVIEW Edition
global economy. Given the democratic countries that are expected to explode in
transition currently in Pakistan and India terms of demography, for example, by
it is observed that these two countries 2040 Indonesia’s population will be
have a high birth rate with a Total Fertility around 300 million and that of Philippines
Rate of around 3.48 and 2.33 respectively. be 140 million. Unlike South Asia, the
R
This means that in the next 2 decades, the population of these countries is well-
population of these countries will explode educated and trained. They sit on the cross-
OMPETITIVE
and majority of them will be in the roads of global trade as Indonesia is

working age group i.e. 15 to 64 years. adjacent to the strait of Malacca, probably
Thus, it means a greater manpower which the busiest commercial route in the world.
can be employed if proper skills are While Philippines is strategically located
TC
imparted. With the on-going in the South China Sea with easy access to
industrialization in South Asia the the East and its West. Given such a
HE
economy can absorb a vast working age scenario, it is possible that their huge
population and turn their productivity into demographic advantage might make them
profits. For example, the Special future manufacturing bases of the world as
Economic Zones under the China Pakistan their products can be easily transported
Economic Corridor and the Modi’s Make owing to their proximity to the global
in India Campaign are all potential supply chain.
avenues for the economy to absorb a vast
population into productive activities.
68
It is high time that

However, the upward developing nations assume mature and
mobility of these countries is not without competent leadership that can anticipate
April 2020
challenges. There are certain factors these challenges and remedy them instead
which might retard their progress: of waiting for the problem to arise and
geopolitical competition, lack of proper then seeking the antidote. South Asians
EVIEW Edition
training and climate change. Geo-politics need to invest more in technical training
is a constant threat to nations engaged in of their young population in line with the
connectivity projects. CPEC, as the demand of the 4th Industrial revolution
flagship project of Belt and Road taking place. The rise of regional peers
Initiative is heavily resented by India. should not be viewed through a realist
Moreover, there are threats to the security
R
lens. Rather liberalism should be the

of infrastructure of Special Economic guiding principle. Climate change needs
Zones that will be created. In both
OMPETITIVE
effective global coordination with

Pakistan and India, lack of proper training adaptation measures taking place in
can turn the demographic advantage into countries most vulnerable to its effects.
a burden as unemployed youth are a drag Given these steps, it is possible that the
on the state’s resources and its welfare developing world shall rise and assume
TC
system. In East Asia, climate change can the honored position thus removing old
have serious repercussions. Given its distinctions between the rich and poor
HE
geographical location it is more prone to region of the world.

changing weather patterns. This can
disrupt the supply chains and trade
flowing through that area thus affecting
product delivery.
69
IMPEACHMENT OF US PRESIDENT
By: Rai Asif Ahmad
IMPEACHMENT
OF US PRESIDENT
The impeachment of US president Donald J. Trump has brought to limelight the
April 2020
constitutional mode and rationale for the impeachment of president of USA. It is

pertinent to understand the whole procedure along with the history of impeachment
in US. Briefly, “Impeachment is the process by which a standing US official is
EVIEW Edition
formally charged with “Treason, Bribery, or other high Crimes and Misdemeanors”,
according to Article Two of the United States Constitution.” The process begins with
US House of Representatives voting to impeach. If Congress passes the motion by a
majority, it will appoint members to act as ‘prosecutors’ in a subsequent Senate ‘trial’.
Senators act as a jury on the president’s guilt, with the Chief Justice of the Supreme
R
Court presiding as judge.

OMPETITIVE
TC HE
70
IMPEACHMENT OF US PRESIDENT
By: Rai Asif Ahmad
It is high time that

THE IMPEACHMENT OF developing nations assume mature and
DONALD TRUMP
competent leadership that can anticipate
April 2020
these challenges and remedy them instead

At the heart of recent story of
of waiting for the problem to arise and
impeachment was a complaint from an
then seeking the antidote. South Asians
unknown whistleblower. In August 2019, an
EVIEW Edition
need to invest more in technical training

anonymous intelligence official wrote a letter
of their young population in line with the
expressing concern over President Trump's 25
demand of the 4th Industrial revolution
July phone conversation with Ukraine's
taking place. The rise of regional peers
president. The official spoke of an "urgent
should not be viewed through a realist
concern" that Mr Trump had used his office to
lens. Rather liberalism should be the
R
"solicit interference from a foreign country" in

guiding principle. Climate change needs
the 2020 election. A rough transcript of the call
effective global coordination with
H
OMPETITIVE
later revealed Mr Trump had urged President ISTORY OF

adaptation measures taking place in
Volodymyr Zelensky to investigate former US
countries most vulnerable to IMPEACHMENT
its effects.
Vice-President Joe Biden, the frontrunner to
Beforethatthethe impeachment of
Given these steps, it is possible
take on Mr Trump in the 2020 election, as well
Donald
developing world shall Trump,
rise and assumeImpeachment trials
TC
as Mr Biden's son. The call came shortly after

the honored positionhave
thusbeen held twice
removing old in the country’s
Mr Trump had blocked the release of military
distinctions betweenhistory
the rich-- andforpoor
President Andrew
aid to Ukraine. The Democrat-held House of
HE
region of the world. Johnson and for President Bill Clinton

Representatives impeached Donald Trump on
-- and both ended in acquittals:
two charges:
meaning the presidents were
1) Abuse of power
impeached by the House, but not
2) The obstruction of Congress
convicted and removed from office by
But to remove Mr. Trump, senators from his
the Senate.
own Republican Party would have needed to
turn against him at his trial, which didn't
happen.
71
IMPEACHMENT OF US PRESIDENT By: Rai Asif Ahmad
S TEPS IN THE PROCESS

FOR IMPEACHING A
April 2020
PRESIDENT
First step: First, an impeachment
Third Step: The procedure then moves
resolution must be introduced by a
to the Senate where a “trial” is held to
member of the House of
EVIEW Edition
determine if the president committed a

Representatives. The speaker of the
crime. There is no set procedure for the
House must then direct the U.S. House
trial. How it is conducted would be set by
Committee on the Judiciary (or a
the Senate leadership. Members of the
special committee) to hold a hearing on
House serve as “managers” in the Senate
the resolution to decide whether to put
trial. Managers serve a similar role as
the measure to a vote by the full
prosecutors do in a criminal trial; they
chamber and when to hold such a vote.
present evidence during the procedure.
R
A simple majority of the Judiciary

The president would have counsel to
Committee must approve the
represent him at the Senate process. The
resolution.
chief justice of the U.S. Supreme Court
OMPETITIVE
Second Step: If the Judiciary

presides over the trial. Senators then
Committee approves the resolution, it
reconvene and vote on whether the
moves to a full vote on the House floor.
president is guilty or not guilty of the
If a simple majority of the those
crimes he is accused of. It takes a two-
present and voting in the House
thirds vote of the Senate to convict.
approve an article of impeachment,
Fourth Step: If the president is found
then the president is impeached.
TC
guilty, he is removed from office and the

vice president is sworn-in as president.
HE
It is pertinent to note that the

hearing in the Senate, along with a charge
in the House that the president has
committed a crime is not a legal one. No
penalty, other than removal from office,
is brought against a president in an
impeachment hearing.
72
By: DR. Madiha Fatima
C ORONA
April 2020
VIRUS
R EVIEW Edition
OMPETITIVE
TC
Corona viruses are a family of

HE
viruses that cause disease in animals.

Seven, including the new virus, have
made the jump to humans, but most
just cause cold-like symptoms.
Two other corona viruses –
Middle East respiratory syndrome
(Mers) and severe acute respiratory
syndrome (Sars) – are much more
severe, having killed more than 1,500
people between them since 2002.
The new virus, now officially
called Covid-19, is also dangerous.
So far around 20 per cent of
confirmed cases have been classed as
severe or critical, and the current
death rate stands at about two per
73 cent.
April 2020
SYMPTOMSThe virus can cause

CHEST PAIN PNEUMONIA
pneumonia. Those who have fallen ill
are reported to suffer from cough, fever
EVIEW Edition
and breathing difficulties. In severe

cases there can be organ failure. As this
is viral pneumonia, antibiotics are of
no use. The antiviral drugs we take
against flu will not work, while
recovery depends on the strength of the
immune system. Many of those who
have died were already in poor health.
FEVER COUGH
R
OMPETITIVE
RUNNY
NOSE
TC HE
74
April 2020
EVIEW Edition
SPREAD The Covid-19 corona virus outbreak is a new

illness and scientists are still assessing how it spreads
from person to person, but similar viruses tend to spread
via cough and sneeze droplets.
1 When an infected person coughs or sneezes, they release

droplets of saliva or mucus. These droplets can fall on people in the
vicinity and can be either directly inhaled or picked up on the hands
then transferred when someone touches their face, causing
infection. For flu, some hospital guidelines define exposure as
R
being within six feet of an infected person who sneezes or coughs

for 10 minutes or longer.
.
OMPETITIVE
2 It can also be spread through droplets landing on surfaces

such as desks in school and seats on buses or trains, stairs and
escalators deck guards. However, whether this is a main
transmission route depends on how long viruses survive on surfaces
— this can vary from hours to months
TC HE
3
According to reports, the virus can be spread by people
before they have symptoms. Some other illnesses such as flu can
be passed from one person to another before symptoms occur.
75
R April 2020
EVIEW Edition
PROTECTION
1 If you have returned from an affected area in the last two
weeks, stay indoors and avoid contact with other people for 14
OMPETITIVE
days. This means not going to work, school or public areas.
2 Wash your hands with clean, running water and apply

soap. Lather your hands, including the backs, between your fingers,
and under your nails and scrub for at least 20 seconds. Rinse.
TC
3 Avoid eating raw or under cooked animal products if you are in

an affected area and exercise care when handling raw meat, milk or animal
HE
organs to avoid cross-contamination with uncooked foods.
4 Cover your mouth and nose with a tissue when you cough
or sneeze, then throw the tissue in the bin and wash your hands. If
you do not have a tissue to hand, cough or sneeze into your elbow
rather than your hands.
5 Face masks offer some protection as to block liquid droplets.

However, they do not block smaller aerosol particles that can pass through the
material of the mask. The masks also leave the eyes exposed and there is
evidence that some viruses can infect a person through the eyes.
6 Seek early medical help if you have a fever, cough and

difficulty breathing, share your travel history with healthcare
76 providers.
R April 2020
EVIEW Edition
T RANSMISSION
IN CHINA
OMPETITIVE
TC HE
China’s national health commission has confirmed human-to-

human transmission, and there have been such transmissions
elsewhere.
This is much lower than fatality rates for Mers (30 per cent) and
Sars (10 per cent), but still a significant threat.
77
FIND
US
Edition April 2020
HERE!!
EVIEW
+92-321-4991005
R
+92-321-4991005
OMPETITIVE
https://www.facebook.com/PakGroupAcademy/
mag.z.neaafreen@gmail.com
TC
D2 Sea Breeze Homes Sher Shah Block Behind Barkat

HE
Market New Garden Town Lahore
https://instagram.com/dr.madihafatima?igshid=j1nlga8f
ip2u
78 D ESIGNED BY EJAZ RAI KHARAL

M.Phil Marketing

M. Afreen CSS-PMS Institute Magazine - April 2020 Edition

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

M. Afreen CSS-PMS Institute Magazine - April 2020 Edition

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

THE

ECONOMIC CRISIS (Issue of the Month)

The journey towards the future

“Founder & Principal of M. Aafreen CSS/PMS Institute. She is

Tauseef 06 Personality of The Month 37

Ul Abideen Hazards of Mercury Contamination on Health & Environment 39

Humma Safdar Rai Hamza Ahmad

Kiran Sanaullah Zain Ul Abideen

Masters in English Electrical Engineer

Fatima Tauseef Kanwal Parvaiz Rai Asif Ahmad

The economic growth for the

challenges which include fiscal

crisis, low ease of doing business,

country. But unfortunately, the

fairly impressive rate of 6 percent per

emulated Pakistan in its five-year planning

Pakistan’s economy grew nearly twice as

80s until the decade of 1990s, now

A current account deficit occurs

domestic product which is the highest provided by government of Pakistan and

3. LOW TAX ON 4. LOW SAVING &

GDP RATIO INVESTMENT TRAP

which is available to invest and

dependency on foreign countries and

to GDP ratio should be, at least, 20

according to Dawn News. Hence, low

hampering Pakistan’s economic

HANDS It is another factor for the poor

framework or corruption. In Pakistan,

way of a new business which include

According to Baluchistan Drought rights and the slow and inefficient

It is another economic woe The intermittent energy

margin is low. In Pakistan, corporate power shortages, industries remain

assignments which causes a sharp rise progress.

to the reason, foreign direct investment

K EEP ENVIRONMENT CLEAN!

10. OTHER MISCELLANEOUS FACTORS

MEASURES WHICH CAN 2. NEED TO SAVE MORE

austerity drive at national and local

The government should declare educate

paying taxes and top politicians should

simple. So that, common citizens can

themselves. The governments should,

3. ECONOMIC REFORMS FOR 4. LOWERING COST OF DOING

There is a concentration of wealth and improving ease of doing business

border trade and reduce the corporate

way, Pakistan can relieve itself from its

5. EXECUTING CPEC WITH 6. MISCELLANEOUS STEPS

INFRASTRUCTURAL NEEDS country

to be a game changer for Pakistan. The ▪ Improving law and order

stakeholders, government can stop

using the local dissidents. If CPEC is North Korea and Cuba

completed with transparency and are the only places you

necessary for export. It can help Pakistan

with the region internationally and by

STEPS TAKEN BY THE 2. MEASURES TO NARROW

OF AILING ECONOMY Budgetary deficit is the mother

electricity, gas and petrol, removal of

took in the right direction. The example

removal of subsidies on Hajj

provincial levels to ask their employees to

that noncompliance will cost them heavy

has also given Pakistan $1 billion