BAB 6

Exercises

The following exercises contain sentences consisting of two or more clauses. Analyse each sentence into
its clauses and state the type of each clause – main clause, adverbial clause (of reason, concession and
so on), relative clause, complement clause. The examples in Exercises 1–3 are either made up or
adapted from ‘real’ sentences. The examples in Exercise 4 are from a magazine article.

1. 1. Jane believes that the earrings she got from Susan are real silver.

2. I’ll believe it when I see it.

3. If you think Scotland are ever going to win the European Championship, you must be a real optimist.

4. The article in which the theory was put forward is now unobtain able.

5. That Helen is to marry the man she met on holiday has surprised all her friends.

6. Celia did not say that you could keep the book that you borrowed.

7. Because you are flying non-stop, you will probably have severe jet-lag.

8. He promised that he would be here on time, though I find it diffi cult to rely on him.

9. The woman whose car you think you have dented is our MP.

10. That you don’t like my home-made vodka I find difficult to believe.

11. Since you think you are ready to sit the test, come along to morrow.

12. That the club regained the trophy dismayed the teams that had better players.

2. 1. We regret that the plan is impracticable.

2. They accept the theory that the world is flat.

3. They accept the theory that the group proposed.

4. Did Fiona say who would be at the party?

5. Which of the candidates will be elected is quite unpredictable.

6. It is believed by some historians that Napoleon was poisoned.

3. 1. Kirsty went out and forgot to switch off the gas fire.

2. We know that she wrote several novels and threw them away.

3. The editors who ignored the ban and printed the story might find themselves in prison.

4. If you go walking on the hills in winter and do not take proper equipment, you are asking for trouble.

4. 1. They are pioneering a new geography in which they will establish when new races settled in
particular regions.

2. A geneticist says the Pacific islands are an ideal testing ground for the theory that the Pacific was
colonised from west to east.

3. The history begins with the day when the chief medical officer for Vanuatu noticed that a large
number of people there suffered from anaemia.

4. He was advised to treat them with iron supplements so he con tacted scientists at Oxford who found
that half of the donors suffered from alpha-thalassaemia, which is usually linked to the presence of
malaria.

5. It seems that the gene protects against malaria, since carriers of the alpha 3.7 mutant will not die of
malaria even if they contract a severe bout.

6. Although anthropological studies have been inconclusive, previous biological research has suggested
that there was no contact while the Melanesians were moving east.

ANSWER

1. 1. Jane believes that the earrings she got from Susan are real silver Main Clause that the earrings she
got from Susan are real silver Complement Clause she got from Susan Relative Clause

2. I’ll believe it Main Clause when I see it Adverbial Clause of Time

3. If you think Scotland are ever going to win the European Championship Adverbial Clause of Condition
Scotland are ever going to win the European Championship Comple- ment Clause you must be a real
optimist Main Clause

4. The article in which the theory was put forward is now unobtainable Main Clause in which the theory
was put forward Relative Clause

5. That Helen is to marry the man she met on holiday has surprised all her friends Main Clause That
Helen is to marry the man she met on holiday Complement Clause she met on holiday Relative Clause

6. Celia did not say that you could keep the book that you borrowed Main Clause that you could keep
the book that you borrowed Complement Clause that you borrowed Relative Clause

7. Because you are flying non-stop Adverbial Clause of Reason you will probably have severe jet-lag
Main Clause

8. He promised that he would be here on time Main Clause that he would be here on time Complement
Clause though I find it difficult to rely on him Adverbial Clause of Con- cession

9. The woman whose car you think you have dented is our MP Main Clause whose car you think you
have dented Relative Clause you have dented Complement Clause

10. That you don’t like my home-made vodka I find difficult to believe Main Clause That you don’t like
my home-made vodka Complement Clause

11. Since you think you are ready to sit the test Adverbial Clause of Reason you are ready to sit the test
Complement Clause come along tomorrow Main Clause

12. That the club regained the trophy dismayed the teams that had better players Main Clause That the
club regained the trophy Complement Clause that had better players Relative Clause

2. 1. We regret that the plan is impracticable Main Clause that the plan is impracticable Complement
Clause

2. They accept the theory that the world is flat Main Clause that the world is flat Complement Clause
(modifying theory)

3. They accept the theory that the group proposed Main Clause that the group proposed Relative Clause
(modifying theory)

4. Did Fiona say who would be at the party? Main Clause who would be at the party Complement Clause
(modifying say)

5. Which of the candidates will be elected is quite unpredictable Main Clause Which of the candidates
will be elected Complement Clause (modify- ing is unpredictable)
6. It is believed by some historians that Napoleon was poisoned Main Clause that Napoleon was
poisoned Complement Clause (modifying believed )

3. 1. Kirsty went out (and ) forgot to switch off the gas fire two conjoined main clauses

2. that she wrote several novels and threw them away two conjoined complement clauses (modifying
know)

3. who ignored the ban and printed the story two conjoined relative clauses

4. If you go walking on the hills in winter and do not take proper equipment two conjoined adverbial
clauses of condition

4. 1. They are pioneering a new geography in which they will establish when new races settled in
particular regions Main Clause in which they will establish when new races settled in particular regions
Relative Clause when new races settled in particular regions Complement Clause (modifying establish)

2. A geneticist says the Pacific islands are an ideal testing ground for the theory that the Pacific was
colonised from west to east Main Clause the Pacific islands are an ideal testing ground for the theory
that the Pacific was colonised from west to east Complement Clause (modifying says) that the Pacific
was colonised from west to east Complement Clause (modifying theory)

3. The history begins with the day when the chief medical officer for Vanuatu noticed that a large
number of people there suffered from anaemia Main Clause when the chief medical officer for Vanuatu
noticed that a large number of people there suffered from anaemia Relative Clause (modifying day) that
a large number of people there suffered from anaemia Complement Clause (modifying noticed)

4. He was advised to treat them with iron supplements Main Clause so he contacted scientists at Oxford
who found that half of the donors suffered from alpha-thalassaemia, which is usually linked to the
presence of malaria Adverbial Clause of Result/Consequence who found that half of the donors suffered
from alpha-thalassaemia, which is usually linked to the presence of malaria Relative Clause (modifying
scientists) that half of the donors suffered from alpha-thalassaemia, which is usually linked to the
presence of malaria Complement Clause (modifying found) which is usually linked to the presence of
malaria Relative Clause (modifying alpha-thalassaemia)

5. It seems that the gene protects against malaria Main Clause since carriers of the alpha 3.7 mutant will
not die of malaria even if they contract a severe bout Adverbial Clause of Reason (modifying the Main
Clause) even if they contract a severe bout Adverbial Clause of Condition (modifying the Adverbial
Clause of Reason)

6. Although anthropological studies have been inconclusive Adverbial Clause of Concession previous
biological research has suggested that there was no contact while the Melanesians were moving east
Main Clause that there was no contact while the Melanesians were moving east Complement Clause
(modifying has suggested) while the Melanesians were moving east Adverbial Clause of Time (modifying
that there was no contact)