FABRIC SCIENCE

ASSIGNMENT-I
WARP AND WEFT KNITTED FABRICS

SUBMITTED TO:
MD. UMAR
SUBMITTED BY:
UJJAWALA JAIN
(BFT/18/325)

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I wish to extend my sincere gratitude towards Mr. Mohammad Umar for his valuable
guidance and suggestion which has been very helpful in the sincere completion of this
entire assignment.

I would also like to thank my family and friends for their indirect and direct support and
aid.

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 CONTENT

1. Warp knitted fabric 4-14

(a) INTRODUCTION 4
(b) Mesh fabric 5
(c) Pa coating tricot fabric 6
(d) Wool blended warp knit fabric 7
(e) Polo pique mesh fabric 8
(f) Two bar tricot 9
(g) Jersey knit fabric 10
(h) Locknit fabric 11
(i) Satin fabric 12
(j) Sharkskin 13
(k) Queenscord 14
2. Weft knitted fabric 15-25
(a) INTRODUCTION 15
(b) Plain sigle jersey 16
(c) Double cross tuck 17
(d) Waffle 18
(e) Terry 19
(f) Fleece 20
(g) Slub single jersey 21
(h) Single lacoste 22
(i) Brushed fleece 23
(j) Single jersey jacquard 24
(k) Lycra single jersey 25

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WARP KNIT FABRIC
INTRODUCTION
Warp knitting is a family of knitting methods in which the yarn zigzags along the length of
the
fabric, i.e., following adjacent columns ("wales") of knitting, rather than a single row
("course"). Since warp knitting requires that the number of separate strands of yarn ("ends")
equals the number of stitches in a row, warp knitting is almost always done by machine.

In warp knitted fabric the loops interlock vertically along the length of the fabric. Warp knits
are slightly stretchy and do not ladder. Warp-knitted fabric is made by machine. It is used
for swimwear, underwear and geotextiles. Because of the multiple-needle configuration of
warp-knitting machines, the warp knit fabrics produced can be very complex and intricate in
structure; and they don't fall neatly into groups or categories.
     
Warp knitting represents the fastest method of producing fabric from yarn. Warp knitting
differs from other types of knitting in that each needle loops its own thread. The needles
produce parallel rows of loops simultaneously that are interlocked in a zigzag pattern. Fabric
is produced in sheet or flat form using one or more sets of warp yarn. The yarns are fed
from warp beams to a row of needles extending across the width of the machine.

CHARACTERISTICS OF WARP KNITTED FABRICS

1. Extremely versatile in pattern effects with yarn

2. Rigid to elastic

3. Good air and water permeability

4. Good crease resistance

5. Good drapability

6. Good dimensional stability

7. Good strength

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SOME WARP KNITTED FABRICS:
1. Mesh fabric

COST 40/-
GSM 280+-10
MACHINE TRICOT WARP KNITTING MACHINE
APPLICATION Garment, shoes, polo shirt

NOTATION:
.

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 2. Pa coating tricot fabric

COST 43rs/m
Weight 80g/m2
MACHINE TRICOT WARP KNITTING MACHINE
APPLICATION Garment

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 3. Wool blended warp knit fabric

COST 355-390rs/m
Weight 520gsm
MACHINE TRICOT WARP KNITTING MACHINE
APPLICATION Garment overcoat trouser

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 4. Polo pique mesh fabric

COST 36-70rs/m
Weight 150gsm
MACHINE TRICOT WARP KNITTING MACHINE
APPLICATION Garment, sportswear, polo shirt

NOTATION:

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 5. Two bar tricot fabric:

Run in ratio 1:1

MACHINE TRICOT WARP KNITTING MACHINE
APPLICATION For outer clothing

NOTATION:

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 6. Jersey knit fabric

COST 285/kg
Weight 140g/m2
MACHINE Tricot Warp Knitting Machine
APPLICATION t-shirts, women ‘s tops, dresses, polo shirt

Notation:

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 7. Locknit fabric

Run in ratio 3:4

MACHINE TRICOT WARP KNITTING MACHINE
APPLICATION For lingerie wear.

Notations:

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 8. Satin fabric

Run in ratio 5:9

MACHINE TRICOT WARP KNITTING MACHINE
APPLICATION nightwears

Notation:

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 9. Sharkskin

Run in ratio 5:3

MACHINE TRICOT WARP KNITTING MACHINE
APPLICATION Diving suits and web suits

Notation:

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 10. Queenscord

Run in ratio 9:5

MACHINE TRICOT WARP KNITTING MACHINE
APPLICATION Tablecloths

Notation:

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WEFT KNITTED FABRIC
INTRODUCTION

Weft knitting is a knitted piece of fabric where the stitches run from left to right horizontally
across the fabric. It is usually knitted with one piece of yarn, and can be made either by
hand or using a knitting machine. Weft knitting is the most common form of knitting as it is
simpler than warp knitting, the other form of knitting.

Types of Weft knitting include Jersey, Double Knit, Circular Knitting, Fair Isle and Cable knit.
All of these knits are generally produced using a knitting machine as a finer gauge, more
delicate fabric can be produced but hand knitting is still used, mainly as a hobby nowadays.

Properties of Weft Knitting

 Very elastic
 Warm to wear
 Comfortable
 Shrinks easily
 Different properties can be achieved depending on the yarns used
 Can stretch out of shape easily
 Does not fray
 Unravels when cut
 Curls up at the edges
 Various colours/patterns can be achieved
 Good Insulator

End Uses of Weft Knitting

 Underwear
 Hosiery
 T-Shirts
 Sportswear
 Baby Clothes
 Pyjamas
 Knitwear such as Jumpers, Scarves, Hats and Gloves

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Some weft knitted fabric:
11. Plain single jersey

Line diagram Chain notation Graphical

representation

Fabric type Single jersey

Machine Single jersey machine
GSM 132
Commercial name Plain jersey
Cost 210rs/kg
Applications Garment, sweaters, dresses.

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12. Double cross tuck

Line diagram Chain notation Graphical

representation

Fabric type Single jersey

Machine Single jersey machine
GSM 227
Commercial name Polo pique
Cost 295rs/kg
Applications Purse, coats, skirts, garment

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13. Waffle

Chain notation Graphical

representation

Fabric type Single jersey

Machine Single jersey machine
GSM 200
Commercial name Waffle
Cost 275rs/kg
Applications Curtains, ties, bows.

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14. Terry

Chain notation Graphical

representation

Fabric type Single jersey

Machine Single bed circular knitting machine
GSM 258
Commercial name Terry
Cost 100rs/m
Applications Turban, towels, hair holder, bathroom
slippers.

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15. Fleece

Line diagram Chain notation Graphical

representation

Fabric type Single jersey

Machine Single bed circular knitting machine
GSM 320
Commercial name Micro fleece
Cost 330rs/kg
Applications Blankets, nightwears, payjamas

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16. Slub single jersey

Line diagram Chain notation Graphical

representation

Fabric type Single jersey

Machine Plain jersey machine
GSM 242
Commercial name Slub single
Cost 450rs/kg
Applications t-shirts

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17. Single lacoste

Chain notation Graphical

representation

Fabric type Single jersey

Machine Plain jersey machine
GSM 220
Commercial name Single lacoste
Cost 250rs/kg
Applications t-shirts, shirts

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18. Brushed fleece

Line diagram Chain notation Graphical

representation

Fabric type Single jersey

Machine Plain jersey machine
GSM 315
Commercial name Polar fleece
Cost 300rs/kg
Applications Garments, blankets, garment lining.

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19. Single jersey jacquard

Line diagram Chain notation

Fabric type Single jersey derivative

Machine Plain jersey machine
GSM 155
Commercial name Polar fleece
Cost 350rs/kg
Applications Men’s coat, women’s dress, sweaters,
socks, casual wears

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20. Lycra single jersey

Line diagram Chain notation Graphical

representation

Fabric type Single jersey derivative

Machine Plain jersey machine
GSM 248
Commercial name Single lycra
Cost 300rs/m
Applications Women’s legging, dress

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