Sanforising

Shrinkage
• When fabric is manufactured, a lot of
tension builds within during various
manufacturing process.
• This tension to be relieved during further
operations.
• It depend on fabric design and
constructions.
 Shrinkage/ Growth
• Shrinkage : Reduction in length and width
of the yarn. So fabric made by this shrink in
length wise and width direction.
• Growth : When fabric increase its
dimension.
 Swelling
• Cotton has the property of swelling in
water. The cotton fabric, when put in water,
swelling takes place and rearrangement of
internal forces takes place.
• The fibers will become free from tension
and it comes to the original tensionless
state.
 Reason of Shrinkage
• Also the mechanical stress, strain and
tension, during spinning and weaving etc.,
when released causes the fabric to shrink.
 Shrinkage depend on
1. Type of Yarn :
 Type of yarn (natural or man made )
 Yarn twist
 Staple or filament yarn etc. low twist yarn
shrink more then high twist yarn.
 Fabric construction
Open construct fabric shrink more them
compact fabric.
Knit fabric shrink more compare to woven
fabric.
Fabric shrink more in warp wise direction
then weft because tension is more in warp
wise direction.
 Advantage of Pre shrunk fabrics
• Customer satisfaction regarding fit.
• Shrinkage result  yarns moving closer
together  compact fabrics  more body,
more strength improved abrasion
resistance greater elasticity ( increase
amount of crimp)
 Types of Shrinkages
• Relaxation Shrinkage: Fibers and yarns are
considerable tension when fabrics are made.
( Due to twisting on loom) later when fabric
become wet or steamed in tensionless
condition.
 Types of Shrinkages
• Progressive Shrinkage: it occurs each time fabric
is laundered. Unlike relaxation shrinkage, which
occurs just once, progressive shrinkage continue
and the fabric shrinks. Like in Wool and Viscose
rayon
• Residual Shrinkage: Even the fabrics have been
properly preshrunk in finishing, a small amount of
shrinkage potential remains, this shrinkage is
called residual shrinkage.
 Mechanism of Sanforise
• “To place the fabric on the extended surface of a
rubber blanket represented by the concave surface
”.
• When the tension release on the blanket, it shrinks,
the fabric which is close contact with the rubber
blanket at the concave surface has no way other
than shrinking along with the blanket”.
• This principle is used to produce pre shrinking
finish with the help of a sanforising or Zero – Zero
machine
 Method
• Electrically heated shoe
• Felt blanket
• Feed roller
• Palmer drying cylinder
• Place of occurring shrinkage in fabric.
 The shrinkage depends on

• The tension on the rubber blanket.

• Thickness of the rubber blanket.
• Diameter of the roller.
• Damping.
 Size of Rubber blanket
• Thickness of Blanket : Shrinkage
• 0.275 Inch 6-8 cm/m
• 0.4 Inch 8-11 cm/m
• 0.45” 11-15 cm/m