Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION

A train station, railway station, railroad station, or depot is a railway facility or area

where trains regularly stop to load or unload passengers or freight. It generally consists of
at least one track-side platform and a station building (depot) providing such ancillary
services as ticket sales and waiting rooms. If a station is on a single-track line, it often has
a passing loop to facilitate traffic movements. The smallest stations are most often
referred to as "stops" or, in some parts of the world, as "halts" (flag stops).

Stations may be at ground level, underground, or elevated. Connections may be available

to intersecting rail lines or other transport modes such as buses, trams or other rapid
transit systems.

1.1 Station facilities:

Stations usually have staffed ticket sales offices, although on some line’s tickets are sold
on board the trains. Many stations include a shop or convenience store. Larger stations
usually have fast-food or restaurant facilities. Station facilities may include toilets, left-
luggage, lost-and-found, departures and arrivals boards, luggage carts, waiting
rooms, taxi ranks, bus bays and even car parks. Larger or manned stations tend to have a
greater range of facilities including also a station security office. These are usually open
for travelers when there is sufficient traffic over a long enough period of time to warrant
the cost. In large cities this may mean facilities available around the clock. A basic
station might only have platforms, though it may still be distinguished from a halt, a
stopping or halting place that may not even have platforms.

In many African, South American countries, and Asian countries, stations are also used
as a place for public markets and other informal businesses. This is especially true on
tourist routes or stations near tourist destinations. As well as providing services for

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passengers and loading facilities for goods, stations can sometimes have locomotive and
rolling stock depots (usually with facilities for storing and refueling rolling stock and
carrying out minor repair jobs).

1.2 Station configurations:

In addition to the basic configuration of a station, various features set certain types of
station apart. The first is the level of the tracks. Stations are often sited where a road
crosses the railway: unless the crossing is a level crossing, the road and railway will be at
different levels. The platforms will often be raised or lowered relative to the station
entrance: the station buildings may be on either level, or both. The other arrangement,
where the station entrance and platforms are on the same level, is also common, but is
perhaps rarer in urban areas, except when the station is a terminus. Elevated stations are
more common, not including metro stations. Stations located at level crossings can be
problematic if the train blocks the roadway while it stops, causing road traffic to wait for
an extended period of time.

Occasionally, a station serves two or more railway lines at differing levels. This may be
due to the station's position at a point where two lines cross Stations may also be
classified according to the layout of the platforms. Apart from single-track lines, the most
basic arrangement is a pair of tracks for the two directions.

1.3 Tracks:

In a station, there are different types of tracks to serve different purposes. A station may
also have a passing loop with a loop line that comes off the straight main line and merge
back to the main line on the other end by railroad switches to allow trains to pass A track
with a spot at the station to board and disembark trains is called station track or house
track[16] regardless of whether it is a main line or loop line. If such track is served by
a platform, the track may be called platform track. A loop line without a platform which
is used to allow a train to clear the main line at the station only, it is called passing track.
[15]
 A track at the station without a platform which is used for trains to pass the station
without stopping is called through track.

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There may be other sidings at the station which are lower speed tracks for other purposes.
A maintenance track or a maintenance siding, usually connected to a passing track, is
used for parking maintenance equipment, trains not in service, auto racks or sleepers.
A refuge track is a dead-end siding that is connected to a station track as a temporary
storage of a disabled train.

1.4 Accessibility:

Accessibility for people with disabilities is mandated by law. Considerations include

elevator or ramp access to all platforms, matching platform height to train floors, making
wheelchair lifts available when platforms do not match vehicle floors, accessible toilets
and pay phones, audible station announcements, and safety measures such as tactile
marking of platform edges.

1.5 Goods station:

Goods or freight stations deal exclusively or predominantly with the loading and
unloading of goods and may well have marshalling yards (classification yards) for the
sorting of wagons. The world's first Goods terminal was the 1830 Park Lane Goods
Station at the South End Liverpool Docks. Built in 1830 the terminal was reached by a
1.24-mile (2 km) tunnel.

1.6 Passenger Facilities:

Passengers using the Station are fully equipped facilities like lodging, restaurants, cafes,
coffee shop, book stalls, waiting halls, cloak rooms, Cyber cafe[41] tourism agents
counters, train inquiry counters, train status display (digital) boards, train status
announcements, foot bridges etc. are provided to the passengers using the station.

1.7 Parking and other technology:

The Railway Station has a large car and two-wheeler parking facility. There is also
an auto rickshaw stand at the entrance of the station.

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1.8 Ticket counters:

There are two ticket counters provided for the passengers in the Station. Passengers can
buy tickets for second class and general compartments in the train as they are not
reservable. For the ease of passengers, a Passenger Operated Enquiry Terminal (POET)
facility is available. To access information on the movement of trains the National Train
Enquiry System (NTES) can be accessed. Inrail passes are available at the reservation
center, which is about 200 meters from station.

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 Chapter 2

LITERATURE REVIEW

Charles river software was found 31october, 1997 by leonid raiz and Irwin with
the intent of bringing the power of parametric modelling to building industry. At the time,
several other software packages such as archi CAD and Reflex allowed working with a
three-dimensional virtual building model, and allowed individual components to be
controlled by parameters. Two key differences in Revit were that its parametric
components were created using a graphical "family editor" rather than a programming
language, and all relationships between components, views, and annotations were
captured by the model so that a change to any element would automatically propagate to
keep the model consistent.

   The company was renamed Revit Technology Corporation in January 2000, and
Revit version 1.0 was released on April 5, 2000. The software progressed rapidly, with
version 2.0, 3.0, 3.1, 4.0, and 4.1 released in August 2000; October 2000; February 2001;
June 2001; November 2001; and January 2002, respectively.
The software was initially offered only as a monthly rental, with no option to
purchase. Licensing was controlled by an entirely automatic process, an innovation at a
time when human intervention and manual transmission of authorization codes was
required to buy other types of design software.
   Autodesk, best known for its Auto CAD line of products, purchased the
Massachusetts-based Revit Technology Corporation in 2002. The purchase allowed more
research, development and improvement of the software. Autodesk has released several
versions of Revit since 2004. In 2005 Revit Structure was introduced, then in 2006 Revit
MEP. After the 2006 release Revit building was renamed Revit Architecture.
  In 2012 Revit LT became the newest version of Revit on the market. It is a light version
of Revit with a number of features such as rendering and multi user environments
removed. Since Revit 2013 the different disciplines have been rolled into one product,
simply called Revit.

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 Chapter 3

METHODOLOGY

Autodesk Revit is a software which help the create the modeling and layout of the tree
dimensional building information modeling software for architects, landscape architects,
structural engineering ,layout  engineers, designers and contractors developed
by Autodesk. It allows users to design a building and structure and shape of the 3d model
by defaults furniture setup and its components in 3D, annotate the model with 2D
drafting elements, and access building information from the building model's database.
Revit is 4D BIM capable with tools to plan and track various stages in the building's
lifecycle, from concept to construction and later maintenance and/or demolition.

Fig 3.1:Revit logo

Revit can be used as a very powerful collaboration tool between different disciplines in
the building design sphere. The different disciplines that use Revit approach the program
from unique perspectives. Each of these perspectives is focused on completing that
discipline's task. Companies that adopt the software first examine the existing workflow
process to determine if such an elaborate collaboration tool is required.

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3.1. Installation

Before beginning the exercises, install the software and register it as either demo or
subscription. Demo mode serves as a no-cost viewer, allowing you to export, print, or
plot projects that have not been edited.

Open rivet architecture and click on new option in projects.

Fig 3.2: Installation process

The revit architecture window is displayed.

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 Fig 3.3: Drawing Area

3.1.1. Menu bar and toolbars:

At the top of the window is the standard Microsoft® windows®-based menu bar, from
which you can access all revit architecture commands. Icons on the toolbars are buttons
for executing common revit architecture commands.

3.1.2. Options bar:

Below the toolbars is the options bar, which displays command options for the current
operation. If you click wall on the design bar on the left side of the revit architecture
window, the options bar displays options related to the wall command.

Fig 3.4:Option Bar

3.1.3. Type selector:

On the left side of the options bar is the type selector, a drop-down menu that lists
different types of elements to add to a project. You can choose an element type by
selecting it from the drop-down menu of the type selector.

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 Fig 3.5 :Type Selector

Properties button to the right of the type selector is the properties button, which accesses
a dialog in which you can change various parameters of a selected component.

3.1.4. Design bar:

On the left side of the revit architecture window is the design bar, which lists the
commands available for the currently selected tab. There are 10 tabs: basics, view,
modeling, drafting, rendering, site, massing, room and area, structural, and construction.
To see all the tabs, right-click on the design bar. To display a single tab, click the tab
name.

Fig 3.6: Design Bar

3.1.5. Project browser:

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To the right of the design bar is the project browser. The project browser is a listing of all
views, families, and groups in the project. You can select any of the items listed in the
project browser. A convenient way to open a view is to double-click the view name in the
project browser list.

Fig 3.7: Project Browser

3.1.6. Status bar:

At the lower left corner of the drawing area is the status bar, which displays the status of
the current command or the name of a highlighted element.

Fig 3.8 : Status Bar

3.1.7. View control bar:

At the lower left corner of the drawing area, above the status bar, is the view control bar.
The controls are graphical shortcuts to various view commands, namely scale, detail
level, graphics style, advanced model graphics, shadows, crop region, and temporary
hide/isolate. Some views, such as sheets, drafting, and rendered views, have limited
controls.

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 Fig 3.9 View Control Bar

3.1.8. Drawing area:

The drawing area of the revit architecture window displays views (and sheets and
schedules) of the current project. By default, each time you open a view in a project, the
view displays in the drawing area on top of other open views. You can use commands on
the window menu to arrange the project views.

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 4. CREATING RAILWAY STATION

4.1 Creating project:

In this first exercise, you create and name a project in which you will create the building
model shown.

Fig 4.1: Railway Station

 Open rivet

4.1.1. New template:

You can create a custom project template using the several methods.

 Click  new project.

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 Fig 4.2: Section of Template
 In the new project dialog, under template file, select:
 None to create your template from a blank project file.
 Browse to base your template on an existing project template. Navigate to the
template location.

Fig 4.3:creating a Template

 Under create new, select project template.

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 Fig 4.4: Creating a Template2

 Click ok.

Note: If you do not base the template on an existing template, the select initial units
dialog displays. Specify imperial or metric units.

Fig 4.5: Unified System Measurement

 Define settings.
 Create any geometry that will be used as a base in future projects.

 Click  save as template.

 Enter a name and select a directory for the template.
 Click save.

Add project templates to the template list for the recent files window and the new project
dialog.
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4.1.2. Opening new template:

 Click on “new” below projects option

 In template file you can select construction template, or you can click on browse
and select a default template. Select project and click on ok.

Fig 4.6 Opening a New Template

4.1.3. Elevations :

 Use elevation views to look at a project from different locations, either exterior or
interior.
 Open a plan view.
 Click view tab create panel elevation drop-down (elevation).

Fig 4.7: view Bar

The cursor appears with the elevation symbol.

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  (optional) in the type selector, select a view type from the list, or click edit type to
modify an existing view type or create a new view type.
 Place the cursor near a wall and click to place the elevation symbol.
 Note: as you move the cursor, you can press tab to change the position of the
arrowhead. The arrowhead snaps to perpendicular walls

.
Fig 4.8 :Drawing Area

 To set different interior elevation views, highlight the square shape of the
elevation symbol, and click.
 The elevation symbol displays with check box options for creating views, as the
following image shows.

Tip: the rotation control is useful for aligning to angled elements in the plan.

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  Select the check boxes to indicate where you want to create elevation views.
 Click away from the elevation symbol to hide the check boxes.
 Highlight an arrowhead on the symbol to select it.
 Click the arrowhead once to view the clip plane:

Fig 4.9:Elevation symbol with clip plane

 The end points of clip planes snap and join to walls. You can resize the width of
the elevation by dragging the blue controls. If the blue controls do not display in
the view, select the clip plane and click modify views tab element panel
element properties. In the instance properties dialog, select the crop view
parameter, and click ok.
 In the project browser, select the new elevation view.
 The elevation view is designated by a letter and number, for example, east.

Fig 4.10: Project Browser

4.1.4. Levels:

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  When you create levels, you can choose to have the corresponding views created
at the same time.

Objectives:

 Create a project from a template.

 Rename default levels and modify level elevations.
 Add a level by specifying the level start and end points.
 Add a level by offsetting the elevation from an existing level.

4.1.5. Modify project levels:

 Open revit lt, and on the recent files page, under projects, click architectural
template to start a project using the default template.
 In the project browser, under elevations (building elevation), double-click south to
open the south view in the drawing area.
 Two levels are already created in the project template.
 Zoom in to the level labels and values on the right. (you can use the mouse wheel
to zoom in and out.)
 Click the label for level 1 and enter 01 - lower level.
 Click outside the label to save your change.

At the prompt, click yes to have revit lt rename the corresponding views.

 In the project browser, under floor plans, right-click level 2 and click rename.
 Alternatively, you can rename levels by renaming the corresponding view in the
project browser.
 For name, enter 00 - foundation, and click ok.
 At the prompt, click yes to rename the corresponding level and views.
 In the drawing area, click the value for 00 - foundation, enter -4', and press enter
to change the elevation of the level.

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 Fig 4.11 Floor Plan Level/1

 Add levels
 Click architecture tab datum panel  (level).
 Position the cursor over the left endpoint of the 01 - lower level line, move the
cursor up 10', and click to begin a new level.
 Move the cursor horizontally to the right, until the dashed line indicates that the
endpoint aligns with the endpoint of the lower level, and click to place the level.

Fig 4.12 Addition of Floor Plan

 On the ribbon, click modify | place level tab draw panel (pick lines).
 You can add a level by creating it at a specific distance from an existing level.
 On the options bar (just below the ribbon), for offset, enter 10', and press enter.
 Position the cursor on the level you just added until the dashed line displays above
and click to place the level.

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  Click   (modify).
 Rename level 3 and level 4 to the following values, and click yes to rename the
corresponding views.

Level 3 = 02 - entry level

Level 4 = 03 - roof

 You now have 4 levels at the appropriate elevations for the project.

Fig 4.13 Addition of Levels Upto 3

4.1.6. Link cad:

You can import or link vector data from other cad programs into a revit project.

 Supported cad formats include autocad (dwg and dxf), microstation® (dgn),
and trimble® sketchup® (skp and dwg).
 Insert tab import panel  (import cad)
 Insert tab link panel  (link cad)

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 Fig 4.14

4.2. Walls:

4.2.1 Objectives:

 Add foundation walls using the wall tool.

 Add exterior walls by copying the foundation walls and using the paste aligned to
selected levels tool.

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  Add interior walls to the lower level using the wall tool.
 Use the trim/extend tool to create an opening for a corridor.
 Place interior walls on the entry level using the create similar command on the
context menu.

4.2.2. Exterior walls:

 Open project
 In the project browser, under floor plans, double-click 00 - foundation to open the
view in the drawing area.
 Click architecture tab build panel  (wall).

Fig 4.15 Architecture Tab

On the properties palette, click the type selector drop-down, and select basic wall:
retaining - 12" concrete.

4.2.3. On the options bar:

 For height, select 02 - entry level.

 For location line, select finish face: interior.
 Verify chain is selected.

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 Fig 4.16:properties bar

 Click modify | place wall tab draw panel  (line).

Fig 4.17:modify tab

 Draw walls starting at point 1 in the drawing area and ending at point 4.
 These points were added to the project to make it easier to draw the walls to
specific locations.

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Press esc to change options and place another wall.

 On the options bar:

 For height, select 01 - lower level.
 For location line, select finish face: interior.
 Verify chain is selected.
 Click point a, press spacebar to flip the direction of the wall, and click point b.
 Continue clicking points to draw walls from point c and ending at point f.
 To end the command, on the modify | place wall tab, click   (modify), or press
esc twice.

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 Fig 4.18:drawing exterior walls

Click view tab create panel  (default 3d view).

Fig 4.19:exterior walls 3D view

4.2.4. Interior walls:

In the project browser, under floor plans, double-click 01 - lower level.

 Click architecture tab build panel  (wall).

 In the type selector, select basic wall: generic - 6".
 On the options bar:
 For height, select 02 entry level.
 For location line, select wall centerline.
 Clear chain.

Using the following image as a guide, place interior walls to create rooms:

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 Fig 4.20:creating walls

 Modify walls to create a corridor:

 Click modify tab modify panel  (split element).
 Click on the wall at the location indicated by the short red line in the previous
image.
 On the modify panel, click   (trim/extend to corner).
 Trim the split wall to create a corridor as shown.

Note: when trimming in revit lt, select the portions of the elements you want to keep.

Fig 4.21:modifying interior walls

 Open the 02 - entry level floor plan.

 Right-click one of the perimeter walls, and click create similar.
 Using the following image as a guide, place additional walls to create rooms.

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 Fig 3.11

Click   (modify) to complete the common

Fig 3.12

3.2.5. Floor:-

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  To create a floor, define its boundaries by picking walls or sketching its profile
with drawing tools.
 Click architecture tab build panel floor drop-down (floor: architectural).

Draw the floor boundaries, using one of the following methods:

 Pick walls: by default, pick walls is active. If it is not active, click modify
| create floor boundary tab draw panel (pick walls). Select walls in
the drawing area to use as floor boundaries.
 Sketch boundaries: to sketch the profile of the floor, click modify | create
floor boundary tab draw panel, and select a sketching tool. See
sketching.

The floor boundary must be a closed loop (profile). To create an opening in the floor, you
can sketch another closed loop where you want the opening to appear.

On the options bar, for offset, specify an offset for the floor edges.

 Note: when you are using pick walls, select extend into wall (to core) to measure
the offset from the wall's core.
 Click finish edit mode.


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 Fig 3.13

 Its 3d view will be as shown in below

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 Fig 3.14

3.2.6. Doors:

Click insert tab load from library panel  (load family).

In the load family dialog, navigate to the folder where you saved the family files for the
exercise.

 While pressing ctrl, select the following files, and click open.

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 Bifold-4 panel.rfa
 Casement 3x3 with trim.rfa
 Double glass 2.rfa
 Single glass 2.rfa
 Place doors

 In the project browser, under floor plans, double-click 02 - entry level.

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On the properties palette, for underlay, select none.

Without the underlay display of the lower level, it is easier to see the walls for the current
floor.

 Click architecture tab build panel  (door).

 In the type selector, verify that double-glass 2 is selected.
IMAGE
 If needed, click modify | place door tab tag panel  (tag on placement) to
place tags with doors.

Click to place a door in the north exterior wall of the building, as shown.

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 Fig 3.15

 In the type selector, under single-glass 2, click 36" x 84".

 Click to place the door in the lower east wall, as shown.

Note: to change the swing direction or hinge side as you place the door, press the
spacebar. To change the direction after a door is placed, click the flip arrows.

Fig 3.16

 In the type selector, under single-flush, click 36" x 84".

 Place 2 more doors in the entry level, as shown.

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 Fig 3.17

 Open the 01- lower level floor plan.

 Click architecture tab build panel  (door).

Place doors in approximate locations, as shown. (use the type selector to change the door
type, as desired.)

Fig 3.18

 Its 3d view will be as shown in below

Fig 3.19

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3.3. Windows:

3.3.1. Objectives:

 Place windows.
 Duplicate and modify a window type to create a different window size.

 Use the align tool to position windows.

 Use the aligned dimension tool to reposition windows to be equidistant from each
other.
To add windows:
 Place 2 windows:
 Open project
 In the project browser, under elevations (building elevation), double-click south.
 Click architecture tab build panel  (window).

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 In the type selector, verify that casement 3x3 with trim 36" x 48" is selected.
 If needed, click modify | place window tab tag panel  (tag on placement) to
place tags with windows.
 Click to place 2 windows in the foundation wall, as shown, and press esc twice to
exit the window tool.

 Create a window type:

 In the drawing area, select the window on the right, and on the property’s palette,
click   (edit type).

 In the type properties dialog, click duplicate.

36
 In the name dialog, enter 36" x 48", and click ok.
 Under dimensions, for height, enter 3', and click ok.

 Select the window on the left, and in the type selector, select casement 3x3 with
trim 36" x 36".
 Align windows:
 Click modify tab modify panel  (align).
 Click the top of the foundation wall, and click the top edge of the trim of the right
window.
 Check the status bar to make sure that you are selecting the top of the wall and not
the 02 - entry level line.

 Repeat the same steps to align the left window with the top of the wall.
 Click   (modify).

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 Dimension windows for equal spacing
 Open the 02 - entry level floor plan.
 Click architecture tab build panel  (window).
 In the type selector, select casement 3x3 with trim 36" x 48".
 Place 3 windows in the outside edge of the west wall, as shown.

Fig 3.20

 Click annotate tab dimension panel  (aligned).

 Select the north wall, select each of the window centerlines, and then select the
horizontal interior wall.
 Click to the left of the west wall to place the dimension line.
 Note that each of the 4 dimensions is different.

Fig 3.21

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Click the equality symbol (eq), and then press esc twice.

The windows are moved so that all of the dimensions are equal.

Fig 3.22

Select the interior wall that contains the doors; position the cursor over the wall, and
when you see the move icon  , drag the wall up or down to see how the design intent is
maintained.

Its 3d view will be as shown in below

Fig 3.23

39
3.4. Ventilators:

3.4.1. Wind ventilation:

Wind ventilation is a kind of passive ventilation that uses the force of the wind to pull air
through the building.

Wind ventilation is the easiest, most common, and often least expensive form of passive
cooling and ventilation. Successful wind ventilation is determined by having high thermal
comfort and adequate fresh air for the ventilated spaces, while having little or no energy
use for active hvac cooling and ventilation.

using the wind for passive cooling and fresh air

Strategies for wind ventilation include operable windows, ventilation louvers, and rooftop
vents, as well as structures to aim or funnel breezes. Windows are the most common tool.
Advanced systems can have automated windows or louvers actuated by thermostats.

If air moves through openings that are intentional as a result of wind ventilation, then the
building has natural ventilation. If air moves through openings that are not intentional as
a result of wind ventilation, then the building has infiltration, or unwanted ventilation (air
leaking in).

3.4.2. Cross ventilation:

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When placing ventilation openings, you are placing inlets and outlets to optimize the path
air follows through the building. Windows or vents placed on opposite sides of the
building give natural breezes a pathway through the structure. This is called cross-
ventilation. Cross-ventilation is generally the most effective form of wind ventilation.

Fig 3.24

Cross-ventilation is more effective than ventilation that does not pass through the whole
space.

It is generally best not to place openings exactly across from each other in a space. While
this does give effective ventilation, it can cause some parts of the room to be well-cooled
and ventilated while other parts are not. Placing openings across from, but not directly
opposite, each other causes the room's air to mix, better distributing the cooling and fresh
air. Also, you can increase cross ventilation by having larger openings on the leeward
faces of the building that the windward faces and placing inlets at higher pressure zones
and outlets at lower pressure zones.

41
 Different amounts of ventilation and air mixing with different windows open

Fig 3.25

Placing inlets low in the room and outlets high in the room can cool spaces more
effectively because they leverage the natural convection of air. Cooler air sinks lower,
while hot air rises; therefore, locating the opening down low helps push cooler air
through the space, while locating the exhaust up high helps pull warmer air out of the
space. This strategy is covered more on the stack ventilation page.

Fig 3.26

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  Opening height affects passive ventilation
 Go to insert option from menu bar
 Click on load families and select ventilators of required style
 Insert ventilators
 In the type properties dialog, click duplicate.
 In the name dialog, enter specific values and click ok.
 Under dimensions, for height, enter required value, and click ok.
 Select the ventilator on the left, and in the type selector, select the ventilator
modified and insert the ventilator in its position.

Its 3d view will be as shown in below

Fig 3.27

3.5. Place a component:

You can to place freestanding components in the building model.

1. Open a project view appropriate for the type of component you want to place.

For example, you can place a desk in a plan or 3D view, but not in a section or
elevation.
2. On the ribbon, click one of the following:

 Architecture tab Build panel  (Place a Component)

43
  Structure tab Model panel Component drop-down  (Place a
Component)

 Systems tab Model panel Component drop-down  (Place a

Component)

In the Type Selector at the top of the Properties palette, select the desired
component type.

.
If the desired component family has not yet been loaded into the project, click
Modify | Place Component tab Mode panel   Load Family.

44
 Then navigate to the appropriate category folder in the Load Families dialog, select
the family, and click Open to add the family to the Type Selector.
. If the selected component family has been defined as face-based or work
plane-based (see the Note following this procedure), click one of the following
options on the Placement panel, which displays on the Modify | Place Component
tab:

  Place on Vertical Face. This option is only available for some

components and allows placement only on vertical faces.

Fig 3.28

  Place on Face. This option allows placement on faces regardless of

orientation.

45
 Fig 3.29

  Place on Work Plane. This option requires an active work plane to be

defined in the view (see Showing the Work Plane of a View). You can place the
component anywhere on the work plane.

Fig 30

. In the drawing area, move the cursor until the preview image of the
component is in the desired location.

. If you want to change the orientation of the component, press

the Spacebar to rotate the preview image through its available positioning options.

. When the preview image is in the desired location and orientation, click to
place the component.

After you place a component, you can specify that it moves when a nearby wall
moves. See Moving Lines and Components with Walls.

46
 Fig 31

Its 3d view will be as shown in below

Fig 32

3.6. Slab:

47
 Create a foundation slab by sketching or selecting the walls of the first level of the
model.
 Click structure tab foundation panel    (slab)

 Specify a foundation slab type from the type selector.

 Click modify | create floor boundary tab draw panel boundary line and then
click   (pick walls) to select the walls in your model. Optionally, you can sketch
a foundation slab. Use the sketch tools on the modify | create floor boundary tab
draw panel to form the boundary of the foundation slab. The sketch must form
a closed loop or boundary condition.

48
 Fig 33

 On the options bar, click extend into wall if you want the offset to be measured
from the wall's core.
 On the options bar, specify an offset for slab edges in the offset text box.
 Click modify | create floor boundary tab mode panel    (finish).

Note: foundation slabs are added below the level in which they are drawn. Therefore, if
you add a foundation slab in level 1, it is added below level 1 and will not be visible in
the level 1 plan view. To see the foundation slab in a plan view, create a new level below
level 1, for example, foundation level. When you create a new level below level 1, you
will also be able to see the foundation slab as an underlay (displayed in halftone) in level
1.

Its 3d view will be as shown in below

49
 Fig 34

Ceiling:

Open a ceiling plan view.

1. Click Architecture tab Build panel  (Ceiling).

2. In the Type Selector, select a ceiling type.

3. Place a ceiling using one of the following methods:

Use walls as ceiling boundaries

 By default, the Automatic Ceiling tool is active. When you click inside
walls that form a closed loop, the tool places a ceiling within those
boundaries. It ignores room separator lines.

50
 Fig 35

 Sketch ceiling boundaries

 Click Modify Place Ceiling tab Ceiling panel  (Sketch Ceiling).

 Use tools in the Draw panel of the ribbon to sketch a closed loop that
defines the ceiling boundary.

 (Optional) To create an opening in the ceiling, sketch another closed loop

within its boundary.

51
 Fig 36

 On the ribbon, click  (Finish Edit Mode).

Fig 37

3.7. Parapet wall:-

We can follow same process as said in how to create walls.

 Select the wall

52
  Click the properties button.
 Then click edit.
 Then click edit structure.
 Be sure you have selected preview in the lower left corner and choose the section
view.
 Now you can add a coping sweep to the top of the wall.

Fig 38

3.8. Railing:

 Create a railing by sketching the railing path.

 Click architecture tab circulation panel railing drop-down  (sketch path).

 If you are not in a view where you can sketch a railing, you are prompted to pick
a view. Select a view from the list, and click open view.
 To set the host for the railing, click modify | create railing path tab tools panel
(pick new host), and place the cursor near the host (for example, a floor or
staircase).

53
  As you move the cursor, the appropriate hosts highlight.
 Note: to select a level, click in the drawing area to start drawing the railing.
 Click on the host to select it.
 Optionally, on the options panel, select preview to display the railing system
geometry along the path as it is sketched.
 Sketch the railing.
 If you are adding a railing to a run of stairs, the railing must be sketched along the
inside line of the stair stinger in order for the railing to host and slope correctly.
 Modify instance properties as needed on the properties palette, or click   edit
type to access and modify type properties.
 Click   (finish edit mode).
 Change to a 3d view to see the railing.

3.9. Sections:

 East:

 West:

54
 North:

 South:

5. RESULT

55
 6.CONCLUSION

56
It is important to use up-to-date techniques in such quality demanding industry as
architecture. While previous methods that have been used for decades are still working,
digitalization and automation is taking more workload every day. That was the reason of
introduction of AUTOCAD and now same reasoning apply to Revit. BIM offers more
reliable and highly automotive methods of architectural design and switch must be made
to secure further development of software. BIM is technology allowing better quality of
work! and lesser staff to operate. While switch from conventional methods might be
costly and time consuming, in the long run the effort pays off by increase of overall
quality and reduction of project time. This work covered most cases of usage and
observed main advantages and disadvantages of Revit compared to AUTOCAD. The next
step to continue would be creating multi-level design with plumbing system; rendering
has a room for improvement as well which would be accessible with external support.

7.REFERENCES

57
About Element Behavior in Revit. (n.d.). Retrieved from Autodesk Knowledge
Network: https://knowledge.autodesk.com/support/revit-products/getting-
started/caas/Cloud Help/cloudhelp/2016/ENU/Revit-GetStarted/files/GUID-
CloudHelp/cloudhelp/2016/ENU/Revit-Get Started/files/GUID SAFA 499A-SACA-
4069852 C-9B60C9DE6708-htmhtml

Autodesk Store(n.d.). Retrieved from www.autodesk.com

http://www.autodesk.com/store/products/autocad-lt?term=1year&support-advanced

Autodesk Student Community(n.d.). Retrieved from

http://www.coursestuff.co.uk: http://www.coursestuff.co.uk/autodesk.php

Best Practices Energy Analysis(n.d.). Retrieved from

knowledge.autodesk.com/ https://knowledge.autodesk.com/support/revit-products/learn-
explore/caas/CloudHelp/cloudhelp/2016/ENU/RevitAnalyze/files/GUID-4C9D9849-
7FDC-4F27-A136-F71B335088AC-htm.html

Bim projects(n.d.).Retrieved from skanska.com

https://group.skanska.com/about-us/building-information-modeling-bim/bim-

projects/Cloud Rendering (n.d.). Retrieved from robertoziche:

http://www.robertoziche.com/cloudrendering/50

How Illuminance Rendering Works in Revit. (n.d.). Retrieved from

knowledge.autodesk.com: https://knowledge.autodesk.com/support/revit

products/learn-explore/caas/CloudHelp/cloudhelp/ENU/BPA-

Performance Studies/files/GLD-C6C58987-9C00-4338-B6A6B5C9864574B8-htm.html
Revit AUTOCAD(n.d.). Retrieved from
www.autodesk.comhttps://www.autodesk.com/solutionsrevit-vs-autocad Smith, E.H.
(2013). Mechanical Engineer's Reference Book.

The History of Revit The Future of Design. (n.d.). Retrieved from

bimboom.blogspot.fi:http://bimboom.blogspot.fi/2007/02/revit-history 11.html

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