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The environment has to be balanced against the economy."

This quoteportrays environmental concerns as a luxury,

 û 17 ü

views measures to solve envi-ronmental problems as

incurring a net cost, and considers leaving environ-mental

problems unsolved to be a money-saving device. This

one-liner putsthe truth exactly backwards. Environmental

messes cost us huge sums ofmoney both in the short run

and in the long run; cleaning up or preventingthose messes

saves us huge sums in the long run, and often in the short

runas well. In caring for the health of our surroundings, just

as of our bodies, it is cheaper and preferable to avoid

getting sick than to try to cure illnessesafter they have

developed. Just think of the damage caused by

agriculturalweeds and pests, non-agricultural pests like

water hyacinths and zebra mus-sels, the recurrent annual

costs of combating those pests, the value of losttime when

we are stuck in traffic, the financial costs resulting from

peoplegetting sick or dying from environmental toxins,

cleanup costs for toxicchemicals, the steep increase in fish

prices due to depletion of fish stocks,and the value of

farmland damaged or ruined by erosion and salinization.

 û 18 ü

Itadds up to a few hundred million dollars per year here,

tens of billions ofdollars there, another billion dollars over

here, and so on for hundreds ofdifferent problems. For

instance, the value of "one statistical life" in the

U.S.—i.e., the cost to the U.S. economy resulting from the

death of anaverage American whom society has gone to the

expense of rearing andeducating but who dies before a

lifetime of contributing to the nationaleconomy—is usually

estimated at around $5 million. Even if one takes

theconservative estimate of annual U.S. deaths due to air

pollution as 130,000,then deaths due to air pollution cost us

about $650 billion per year. That il-lustrates why the U.S.

Clean Air Act of 1970, although its cleanup measuresdo

cost money, has yielded estimated net health savings

(benefits in excessof costs) of about $1 trillion per year, due

to saved lives and reduced health cost(The Collapse,by jared

Diamond,Page-517-518)

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