SECONDARY GROWTH

A Tilia stem before secondary growth

 Pith rays (parenchyma)

Cell division starts to Residual procambium

form cambium (meristem)
 residual
residual procambium vascular procambium
bundle vascular
parenchyma
primary bundle
primary xylem phloem
primary phloem parenchyma primary xylem

interfascicular
cambium
Cells begin
fascicular
dividing cambium

vascular cambium
secondary xylem Vascular
vascular cambium cambium secondary phloem
secondary
forms
phloem secondary xylem

vascular cambium
secondary xylem Secondary
secondary phloem xylem and secondary phloem
phloem
form secondary xylem
Developing cambium
Interfasicular cambium
(from ray parenchyma)

fasicular cambium
(from procambium)
 xylem phloem

tylose

Spring wood Summer wood bark cork

 tylose
Pith rays
phellem

cork cambium
cortex --> phelloderm

As the stem enlarges, the

epidermis is broken, and
must be renewed (as
phellem/cork.

cortex
How many years’ growth?
 cork

phloem

xylem

heartwood

sapwood
Sections Transverse

Tangential

Radial
Roots also have secondary growth
 Most monocots do not have secondary
stem or root growth

Maize
stem
Summary

Dicot stems (and roots) develop a vascular cambium,

in which cell division produces new xylem and phloem

They also develop a cork cambium that produces cork

(to replace epidermis) and phelloderm

Secondary xylem is the wood of commerce