Government Polytechnic, Muzaffarpur.

Name of the Lab: INTRODUCTION TO SOFTWARE PACKAGE

Practical: INTRODUCTION TO SOFTWARE PACKAGE
Subject Code: 1618307

1. Using mail merge of MS-Word prepare send New Year greetings to the all
Principal, staffs and students of your institution.
Mail Merge is a useful tool that will allow you to easily produce multiple letters, labels,
envelopes, nametags, and more using information stored in a list, database, or spreadsheet. In
this lesson, you will learn how to use the Mail Merge Wizard to create a data source and a
form letter, and you'll explore other wizard features.
Mail Merge
Video: Using Mail Merge in Word 2010

When you are performing a Mail Merge, you will need a Word document (you can start with
an existing one or create a new one) and a recipient list, which is typically an Excel
workbook. If you'd like to work along with the lesson, you can download the examples
below.
 Letter (Word document)
 Recipient list (Excel workbook)
To use Mail Merge:
1. Open an existing Word document, or create a new one.
2. Click the Mailings tab.
3. Click the Start Mail Merge command.
4. Select Step by Step Mail Merge Wizard.
 The Mail Merge task pane appears and will guide you through the six main steps to complete
a merge. The following is an example of how to create a form letter and merge the letter with
a recipient list.

Step 1:
1. Choose the type of document you want to create. In this example, select Letters.

2. Click Next: Starting document to move to Step 2.

Step 2:
1. Select Use the current document.

2. Click Next: Select recipients to move to Step 3.

Step 3:
Now you'll need an address list so Word can automatically place each address into the
document. The list can be in an existing file, such as an Excel workbook, or you can type a
new address list from within the Mail Merge Wizard.
1. From the Mail Merge task pane, select Use an existing list, then click Browse.

2. Locate your file in the dialog box (you may have to navigate to a different folder),
then click Open.

3. If the address list is in an Excel workbook, select the worksheet that contains the list,
then click OK.
 4. In the Mail Merge Recipients dialog box, you can check or uncheck each recipient to
control which ones are used in the merge. When you're done, click OK to close the
dialog box.

5. From the Mail Merge task pane, click Next: Write your letter to move to Step 4.

If you don't have an existing address list, you can click the Type a new list button and
click Create. You can then type your address list.

Step 4:
Now you're ready to write your letter. When it's printed, each copy of the letter will basically
be the same, except the recipient data—like the name and address—will be different on each
one. You'll need to add placeholders for the recipient data so Mail Merge knows exactly
where to add the data. If you're using Mail Merge with an existing letter, make sure the file is
open.
To insert recipient data:
1. Place the insertion point in the document where you want the information to appear.
2. Select Address block, Greeting line, Electronic postage, or More items from the task
pane.

3. Depending on your selection, a dialog box may appear with various options. Select
the desired options, then click OK.

4. A placeholder appears in your document (for example: «AddressBlock»).

5. Repeat these steps each time you need to enter information from your data record.
6. From the Mail Merge task pane, click Next: Preview your letters to move to Step 5.

For some letters, you'll only need to add an Address block and Greeting line. Sometimes,
however, you may want to place recipient data within the body of the letter to
further personalize it.
Step 5:
1. Preview the letters to make sure information from the recipient list appears correctly
in the letter. You can use the left and right scroll arrows to view each document.

2. Click Next: Complete the merge to move to Step 6.

Step 6:
1. Click Print to print the letters.

2. The Merge to Printer dialog box opens. Click All, then click OK.
3. The Print dialog box will appear. Adjust the print settings if needed, then click OK.
2. Demonstrate the different tools of the MS-Word.
The ToolbarA toolbar is a bar containing buttons and options that you use to carry out commands.
With toolbars, commands become just handy and easily accessible to users. The buttons contained
in them are used to access commands more quickly than by opening the menus and the respective
dialog boxes.

ScreenTips
I mentioned earlier that toolbars contain smart icons serving as shortcuts to the main menu
commands. However, these toolbars offer too many buttons of various looks and shapes for a user
to easily remember their names or their functions. You might well ask: 'What is the use of a toolbar
button if its name or function is not known?' Well, the ever-creative programmers at Microsoft also
once contemplated this problem. So they fashioned a tool known as ScreenTip. ScreenTips, also
known as Tooltips, are little pop-up descriptions that appear when you rest the mouse pointer over a
toolbar button. They appear on the screen to provide certain information about a toolbar button,
tracked change, or comment or to display a footnote or endnote.

So, any time you are at a loss as to the name or use of a toolbar button, simply rest the mouse
pointer over such button and immediately, you'll see a little text pop-up below the pointer, saying
something. This is a ScreenTip or ToolTip.

In case the ScreenTips don't appear when you move the pointer over a button, it is possible the
feature has been disabled/turned off. You can turn it on by doing the following:

1. On the Tools menu, click Options and then click the View tab.
2. Under Show, select the ScreenTips check box.
That's all. Those are the steps you'll also take to deactivate the feature, for one reason or
another, though not advisable.

HOW TO DISPLAY/INVOKE A (MISSING) TOOLBAR

Suppose a toolbar you need very much to hasten your work (e.g., the Formatting Toolbar) is
not currently visible on screen, what would you do to invoke such 'missing' or 'hiding' toolbar
from its hiding place? Well, anytime you face a situation like this, simply use any of the
following methods to bail yourself out.
Displaying A Toolbar Using the View Menu

1. On the Menu bar, click View. This displays the View menu.
2. Then, on the View menu, point to Toolbars item.
3. Select and click the name of the desired toolbar from the Toolbars sub-menu.The toolbar
you selected will then appear on screen.
 Fig: Showing or hiding a toolbar using the View menu

Fig: Showing or hiding a toolbar using the Customize dialog box

To Display a Desired Toolbar Using a Shortcut

Simply right-click an empty space on any toolbar, and then click the name of toolbar you want.

Fig: Displaying the Customize dialog box via the Toolbar Options button
Standard Toolbar
You have learned that the Standard toolbar is, by default, docked directly below the Menu bar, and
that it contains buttons used for performing tasks similar to the commands available in the Menu
bar. Let's now take a moment to identify the name and purpose/use of each of the buttons on the
Standard toolbar.

NAME ICON USE

Creates a new blank document based on the
New
default or current template.
Opens a document previously created and saved in
Open
Word.
Saves new changes to the current document or
Save
file, with its filename, location and document format.

Sends the content of the current document as the

E-mail
body of an E-mail message.

Finds files, Web pages and Outlook items based

Search
on the search criteria you enter.

Print Prints the active document or selection.

Shows how a document or file will look when you

Print Preview
print it.
Checks spelling in the active document, file or
Spelling
item.

Removes the selected item from the active

Cut
document and places it in the Clipboard.

Copy Copies selected text or object to the Clipboard.

Pastes the item you cut or copied into (the

Paste
position of the insertion point) the document from the Clipboard.

Format Copies the format from a selected text or object

Painter and applies it to the text or object you click.

Reverses the last action or deletes the last

Undo entry you typed. Click the arrow next to this icon to select and reverse
multiple actions at a time.

Reverses the action of the last Undo command.

Redo Click the arrow next to this icon to select and reverse multiple Undo
command actions.
Insert Inserts a new hyperlink or edits the selected
Hyperlink hyperlink.

Tables and Displays Tables and Borders toolbar, which

Borders offers tools for editing/formatting a table and its content.

Inserts a table in the document. Click and drag

Insert Table
to specify the number of rows and columns.

Insert Inserts a new Microsoft Excel worksheet at the

Microsoft insertion point. Click and drag to specify the number of rows and
Excel columns.
Worksheet Use the Excel tools on the toolbar to edit the table.

Changes the number of columns in a document or a

Columns
section of a document.

Drawing Shows or hides the Drawing toolbar.

Used to turn on or off the Document Map.

Document Map shows the outline structure of a document so that you
Document
can
Map
quickly navigate through the document and keep track of your location
in it.

Used to "zoom in" to get a close-up view of a

Zoom
document or "zoom out" to see more of the page at a reduced size.

Shows or hides non-printing characters, such as

Show/Hide
tab characters, paragraph marks and hidden text.

Office
Assistant Opens Help or invokes the Office Assistant to
(Microsoft provide help topics and tips to help you accomplish your task.
Office Help)

Formatting Toolbar
The Formatting toolbar offers shortcut buttons to help format a document quickly. From the
Formatting toolbar, you can quickly apply formatting attributes such as Font; Font Color;
Alignment; Line Spacing; Bullets and Numbering, etc, document text, to save time.
The following table provides a list of Formatting toolbar buttons and a brief description of each.

NAME ICON USE

Opens a Style drop-down list from which you can
Style
select one.
Changes the font of the selected text or number.
Font Click the drop-down arrow beside the box and select a font from the
list.
Changes the size of the selected text or number.
Font Size Enter a size value in the box, or select an appropriate size from the
drop-down list.
Applies or removes bold formatting to or from a
Bold
selected text or number.

Makes selected text or number italic, but

Italic
removes italic from selected text or number if it's already italic.

Underlines (rules a line) or removes

Underline
underline formatting from selected text or number.
Aligns the selected text, number or inline
Align Left
object to the left with a jagged edge.
Aligns selected text, numbers or inline objects
Center
to the center.

Aligns the selected text, number or inline

Align Right
objects to the right, with a jagged edge.

Aligns the selected paragraphs to both the left

Justify
and right margins or indents.

Adds numbers to or removes numbers numbers from

Numbering
selected paragraphs.

Adds bullets to or removes bullets from the

Bullets
selected paragraphs.

Indents the selected paragraph to the previous

Decrease
tab stop or indents the content of the selected item to the left by one
Indent
character width of the standard font.

Indents the selected paragraph to the next tab

Increase
stop or indents the content of the selected item to the right by one
Indent
character width of the standard font.

Outside Adds or removes a border around the selected

Border text, paragraphs, cells, pictures or other objects.
 Marks text so that it is highlighted and stands
Highlight
out from the surrounding text.

Formats the selected text with the color you

Font Color
click

Drawing Toolbar
The Drawing toolbar is located at the bottom of the window, between the Horizontal Scroll bar and
the Status bar. Like every other toolbar, this also contains smart icons representing shortcuts to
Main menu commands in Word.

It holds buttons/tools used in creating drwaings, such as rectangles, ovals, lines, arrows, WordArt
text, etc. It also offers tools for inserting organizational charts and ready-made pictures and Clip
Arts from their different locations.

Also included in this toolbar are tools for formatting inserted objects and for adding special effects
such as shadow or 3-D to lines, rectangles, ovals, etc. Like every other toolbar also, the Drawing
toolbar can be displayed or hidden.

The following table shows a list of tools offered on the Drawing toolbar, and their functions:

NAME ICON USE

Offers a number of options for defining the
relative positions, arrangements, rotation, etc, of drawings in a
Draw
document.
It also offers tools for changing the shape of AutoShapes.
Changes the pointer to a selection arrow so you
Select Objects
can click to select objects in the active window.
Offers a group of ready-made shapes that include
basic shapes, such as rectangles and circles, including a variety of
lines
AutoShapes
and connectors, block arrows, flowchart symbols, stars and
banners, and
callouts.
Allows you to draw a straight line where you
Line
click or drag in the active window.

Draws or inserts a line with an arrow head where

Arrow
you click or drag in the active window.

Draws a rectangle where you click and drag on

Rectangle the active window. You can also draw a square using this tool by
holding
 SHIFT while you drag.

Draws an oval where you click and drag in the

Oval active document. To draw a (perfect) circle, hold down SHIFT
while you drag.
Draws a text box with horizontal direction where
Text Box
you click and drag in the active document.

Creates decorative text by inserting a Microsoft

Insert WordArt
Office drawing objects.

Creates an organizational chart or a circle,

Insert Diagram
radial, pyramid, or Venn or target diagram in your document.
Opens the Clip Gallery where you can select the
clip art image you want to insert in your document or update your
Clip Art
clip art
collection.

Inserts an existing picture in your active

Insert Picture
document at the insertion point.

Adds, modifies, or removes the fill color or

Fill Color
effects from the selected object.

Adds, modifies, or removes the line color from

Line Color
the selected object.

Allows you to add, modify, or remove the text

Font Color
color of the selected text.

Used to select a thickness for the selected

Line Style
line.

Allows you to control the appearance of the

Dash Style
selected line.

Arrow Style Allows you to select the style of arrowhead.

Allows you to select the shadow appearance of

Shadow Style
the selected drawing object.

Allows you to add depth to drawing objects such

3-D Style
as lines, AutoShapes, and freeform objects.
3. Using MS-Excel prepare monthly salary payment of your institution. For
calculating use mathematical, statistical and financial functions of MS-Excel.

Use Excel as your calculator

On a worksheet, you can enter simple formulas to add, divide, multiply, and subtract two or more
numeric values. You can also use the AutoSum feature to quickly total a series of values without
having to enter any of them manually in a formula. Once you have created a formula, you can fill it
into adjacent cells — no need to create the same formula over and over again.

When you become familiar with these simple formulas, you may want to learn more about how to
create complex formulas and try some of the many functions that are available in Excel.

All formula entries start with an equal sign (=). For simple formulas, simply type the equal sign
followed by the numeric values that you want to calculate and the math operators that you want to
use — the plus sign (+) to add, the minus sign (-) to subtract, the asterisk (*) to multiply, and the
forward slash (/) to divide. Then, press ENTER, and Excel instantly calculates and displays the
result of the formula.

For example, when you type =12.99+16.99 in cell C5 and press ENTER, Excel calculates the result
and displays 29.98 in that cell.

The formula that you enter in a cell remains visible in the formula bar, and you can see it whenever
that cell is selected.
IMPORTANT: Although there is a SUM function, there is no SUBTRACT function. Instead, use
the minus (-) operator in a formula; for example, =8-3+2-4+12. Or, you can use a minus sign to
convert a number to its negative value in the SUM function; for example, the formula =SUM(12,5,-
3,8,-4) uses the SUM function to add 12, 5, subtract 3, add 8, and subtract 4, in that order.

Use AutoSum

The easiest way to add a SUM formula to your worksheet is to use AutoSum. Select an empty cell
directly above or below the range that you want to sum, and on the Home or Formula tabs on the
Ribbon, click AutoSum > Sum. AutoSum will automatically sense the range to be summed and
build the formula for you. It can also work horizontally if you select a cell to the left or right of the
range to be summed.

NOTE: AutoSum does not work on non-contiguous ranges.

AutoSum vertically

The AutoSum Wizard has automatically detected cells B2:B5 as the range to be summed. All you
need to do is press ENTER to confirm it. If you need add/exclude more cells, you can hold the Shift
Key > Arrow key of your choice until your selection matches what you want, and press ENTER
when you're done.
Intellisense function guide: the SUM(number1,[number2], …) floating tag beneath the function is
its Intellisense guide. If you click the SUM or function name, it will turn into a blue hyperlink,
which will take you to the Help topic for that function. If you click the individual function
elements, their representative pieces in the formula will be highlighted. In this case only B2:B5
would be highlighted since there is only one number reference in this formula. The Intellisense tag
will appear for any function.

AutoSum horizontally

Wait, there's more to Sum. Take a look at SUM function!

Stop typing the same formula over and over

Once you have created a formula, you can copy it to other cells — no need to create the same
formula over and over again. You can either copy the formula, or use the fill handle to copy
the formula to adjacent cells.

For example, when you copy the formula in cell B6 to C6, the formula in that cell automatically
changes to update to cell references in column C.
Once you copy the formula, make sure that the cell references are correct. Cell references can
change based on absolute or relative references. For more information, see Copy and paste a
formula to another cell or worksheet.

What can I use in a formula to mimic calculator keys?

Calculator key Excel method Description, example Result
+ (Plus key) + (plus) Use in a formula to add 12
numbers. Example: =4+6+2
- (Minus key) - (minus) Use in a formula to subtract
numbers or to signify a 6
negative number.
-120
Example: =18-12

Example: =24*-5 (24 times

negative 5)
x (Multiply key) * (asterisk; also Use in a formula to multiply 24
called "star") numbers. Example: =8*3
÷ (Divide key) / (forward slash) Use in a formula to divide one 9
Calculator key Excel method Description, example Result
number by another. Example:
=45/5
% (Percent key) % (percent) Use in a formula with * to 3
multiply by a percent.
Example: =15%*20
√ (square root) SQRT (function) Use the SQRT function in a 8
formula to find the square root
of a number. Example:
=SQRT(64)
1/x (reciprocal) =1/n Use =1/n in a formula, 0.125
where n is the number you
want to divide 1 by.

Example: =1/8
 4. Using MS-Excel Prepare Pie and bar chart to show current branch wise and
batch wise status of students, pass outs, fails for last five years.

Excel

1. In your spreadsheet, select the data to use for your pie chart.

For more information about how pie chart data should be arranged, see Data for pie charts.

2. Click Insert > Insert Pie or Doughnut Chart, and then pick the chart you want.

3. Click the chart and then click the icons next to the chart to add finishing touches:

o To show, hide, or format things like axis titles or data labels, click Chart Elements .

o To quickly change the color or style of the chart, use the Chart Styles .

o To show or hide data in your chart click Chart Filters .

What is a Bar Chart?
A bar chart is a graph that shows horizontal bars with the axis values for the bars displayed on the
bottom of the graph.
It is a graphical object used to represent the data in your Excel spreadsheet.
You can use a bar chart when:

 You want to compare values across categories.

 The category text is long and difficult to display in a column chart.
 You want to show duration in a graph.

Steps to Create a Bar Chart

To create a bar chart in Excel 2016, you will need to do the following steps:
1. Highlight the data that you would like to use for the bar chart. In this example, we have
selected the range A1:C5.
2. Select the Insert tab in the toolbar at the top of the screen. Click on the Bar Chart
button in the Charts group and then select a chart from the drop down menu. In this
example, we have selected the first bar chart (called Clustered Bar) in the 2-D Column
section.

TIP: As you hover over each choice in the drop down menu, it will show you a preview of
your data in the highlighted chart format.
3. Now you will see the bar chart appear in your spreadsheet with horizontal bars to represent
both the shelf life and restock time for each product. The shelf life (in days) is displayed as
orange horizontal bars and the restock time (in days) is displayed as blue horizontal bars.
You can see the axis values on the bottom of the graph for these horizontal bars.
 4. Finally, let's update the title for the bar chart.
To change the title, click on "Chart Title" at the top of the graph object. You should see the
title become editable. Enter the text that you would like to see as the title. In this tutorial, we
have entered "Product Life (in Days)" as the title for the bar chart.

5. Using MS-PowerPoint Prepare a power point presentation of last year annual activities of
your polytechnic.
&
6. Using MS-PowerPoint Prepare a power point presentation on current scientific research
based on direction of your teacher.

Basic tasks for creating a PowerPoint presentation

PowerPoint presentations work like slide shows. To convey a message or a story, you break it down
into slides. Think of each slide as a blank canvas for the pictures, words, and shapes that will help
you build your story.

Choose a theme

When you open PowerPoint, you’ll see some built-in themes and templates. A theme is a slide
design that contains matching colors, fonts, and special effects like shadows, reflections, and more.

1. Choose a theme.
2. Click Create, or pick a color variation and then click Create.

Insert a new slide

 On the Home tab, click the bottom half of New Slide, and pick a slide layout.

Save your presentation

1. On the File tab, choose Save.

2. Pick or browse to a folder.
3. In the File name box, type a name for your presentation, and then choose Save.

NOTE: If you frequently save files to a certain folder, you can ‘pin’ the path so that it is always
available (as shown below).
 Save your work as you go. Hit Ctrl+S often.

Add text

Select a text placeholder, and begin typing.

Format your text

1. Select the text.

2. Under Drawing Tools, choose Format.

3. Do one of the following:

4. To change the color of your text, choose Text Fill, and then choose a color.
5. To change the outline color of your text, choose Text Outline, and then choose a color.
6. To apply a shadow, reflection, glow, bevel, 3-D rotation, a transform, choose Text Effects, and
then choose the effect you want.

Add pictures

On the Insert tab, do one of the following:

 To insert a picture that is saved on your local drive or an internal server, choose Pictures, browse
for the picture, and then choose Insert.
 To insert a picture from the Web, choose Online Pictures, and use the search box to find a picture.

 Choose a picture, and then click Insert.

Add speaker notes

Slides are best when you don’t cram in too much information. You can put helpful facts and notes
in the speaker notes, and refer to them as you present.

1. To open the notes pane, at the bottom of the window, click Notes .
2. Click inside the Notes pane below the slide, and begin typing your notes.
 Give your presentation

On the Slide Show tab, do one of the following:

 To start the presentation at the first slide, in the Start Slide Show group, click From Beginning.

 If you’re not at the first slide and want to start from where you are, click From Current Slide.
 If you need to present to people who are not where you are, click Present Online to set up a
presentation on the web, and then choose one of the following options:
7. Prepare a Project Report on definition, types, and history of viruses and
antivirus virus packages to fight with viruses.
A computer virus is malicious code that replicates by copying itself to another program, computer
boot sector or document and changes how a computer works. The virus requires someone to
knowingly or unknowingly spread the infection without the knowledge or permission of a user or
system administrator. In contrast, a computer worm is stand-alone programming that does not need
to copy itself to a host program or require human interaction to spread. Viruses and worms may
also be referred to as malware.

A virus can be spread by opening an email attachment, clicking on an executable file, visiting an
infected website or viewing an infected website advertisement. It can also be spread through
infected removable storage devices, such USB drives. Once a virus has infected the host, it can
infect other system software or resources, modify or disable core functions or applications, as well
as copy, delete or encrypt data. Some viruses begin replicating as soon as they infect the host, while
other viruses will lie dormant until a specific trigger causes malicious code to be executed by the
device or system.

Many viruses also include evasion or obfuscation capabilities that are designed to bypass
modern antivirus and antimalware software and other security defenses. The rise of polymorphic
malware development, which can dynamically change its code as it spreads, has also made viruses
more difficult to detect and identify.

Types of viruses

File infectors. Some file infector viruses attach themselves to program files, usually selected .com
or .exe files. Some can infect any program for which execution is requested, including .sys, .ovl,
.prg, and .mnu files. When the program is loaded, the virus is loaded as well. Other file infector
viruses arrive as wholly contained programs or scripts sent as an attachment to an email note.
Macro viruses: These viruses specifically target macro language commands in applications like
Microsoft Word and other programs. In Word, macros are saved sequences for commands or
keystrokes that are embedded in the documents. Macro viruses can add their malicious code to the
legitimate macro sequences in a Word file. Microsoft disabled macros by default in more recent
versions of Word; as a result, hackers have used social engineering schemes to convince targeted
users to enable macros and launch the virus. As macro viruses have seen a resurgence in recent
years, Microsoft added a new feature in Office 2016 that allows security managers to selectively
enable macro use for trusted workflows only, as well as block macros across an organization.

Overwrite viruses. Some viruses are designed specifically to destroy a file or application's data.
After infecting a system, an overwrite virus begins overwriting files with its own code. These
viruses can target specific files or applications or systematically overwrite all files on an infected
device. An overwrite virus can install new code in files and applications that programs them to
spread the virus to additional files, applications and systems.

Polymorphic viruses. A polymorphic virus is a type of malware that has the ability to change or
mutate its underlying code without changing its basic functions or features. This process helps a
virus evade detection from many antimalware and threat detection products that rely on identifying
signatures of malware; once a polymorphic virus' signature is identified by a security product, the
virus can then alter itself so that it will no longer be detected using that signature.

Resident viruses. This type of virus embeds itself in the memory of a system. The original virus
program isn't needed to infect new files or applications; even if the original virus is deleted, the
version stored in memory can be activated when the operating system loads a specific application or
function. Resident viruses are problematic because they can evade antivirus and antimalware
software by hiding in the system's RAM.

Rootkit viruses. A rootkit virus is a type of malware that installs an unauthorized rootkiton an
infected system, giving attackers full control of the system with the ability to fundamentally modify
or disable functions and programs. Rootkit viruses were designed to bypass antivirus software,
which typically scanned only applications and files. More recent versions of major antivirus and
antimalware programs include rootkit scanning to identify and mitigate these types of viruses.

System or boot-record infectors. These viruses infect executable code found in certain system
areas on a disk. They attach to the DOS bootsector on diskettes and USB thumb drives or the
Master Boot Record on hard disks. In a typical attack scenario, the victim receives storage device
that contains a boot disk virus. When the victim's operating system is running, files on the external
storage device can infect the system; rebooting the system will trigger the boot disk virus. An
infected storage device connected to a computer can modify or even replace the existing boot code
on the infected system so that when the system is booted next, the virus will be loaded and run
immediately as part of the master boot record. Boot viruses are less common now as today's devices
rely less on physical storage media.
History of computer viruses

The first known computer virus was developed in 1971 by Robert Thomas, an engineer at BBN
Technologies. Known as the "Creeper" virus, Thomas' experimental program infected mainframes
on ARPANET, displaying the teletype message, "I'm the creeper: Catch me if you can."

The first computer virus to be discovered in the wild was "Elk Cloner," which infected Apple II
operating systems through floppy disks and displayed a humorous message on infected computers.
Elk Cloner, which was developed by 15-year-old Richard Skrenta in 1982, was designed as a prank
but it demonstrated how a potentially malicious program could be installed in an Apple computer's
memory and prevent users from removing the program.

The term "computer virus" wasn't used until a year later. Fred Cohen, a graduate student at the
University of California, wrote an academic paper titled "Computer Viruses -- Theory and
Experiments" and credited his academic advisor and RSA Security co-founder Leonard Adleman
with coining the phrase "computer virus" in 1983.
Famous computer viruses

Notable examples of early computer viruses include the "Brain" virus, which initially appeared in
1986 and is considered to be the first MS-DOS personal computer virus. Brain was a boot sector
virus; it spread through infected floppy disk boot sectors and, once installed on a new PC, it would
install itself to the system's memory and subsequently infect any new disks inserted into that PC.

The "Jerusalem" virus, also known as the "Friday the 13th" virus, was discovered in 1987 and
spread throughout Israel via floppy disks and email attachments. The DOS virus would infect a
system and delete all files and programs when the system's calendar reached Friday the 13th.

The Melissa virus, which first appeared in 1999, was distributed as an email attachment. If the
infected systems had Microsoft Outlook, the virus would be sent to the first 50 people in an infected
user's contact list. The "Melissa" virus also affected macros in Microsoft Word and disabled or
lowered security protections in the program.

The "Archiveus" Trojan, which debuted in 2006, was the first known case of a ransomware virus
that used strong encryption to encrypt users' files and data. Archiveus targeted Windows systems,
used RSA encryption algorithms (earlier versions of ransomware used weaker and easily defeated
encryption technology) and demanded victims purchase products from an online pharmacy.

The "Zeus" Trojan, one of the most well-known and widely spread viruses in history, first appeared
in 2006 but has evolved over the years and continued to cause problems as new variants emerge.
The Zeus Trojan was initially used to infect Windows systems and harvest banking credentials and
account information from victims. The virus spread through phishing attacks, drive-by downloads
and man-in-the-browser techniques to infect users. The Zeus malware kit was adapted by
cybercriminals to include new functionality to evade antivirus programs as well as spawn new
variants of the Trojan such as "ZeusVM," which uses steganography techniques to hide its data.
"Cabir" virus is the first verified example of a mobile phone virus for the now defunct Nokia
Symbian operating system. The virus was believed to be created by a group from the Czech
Republic and Slovakia called 29A, who sent it to a number of security software companies,
including Symantec in the United States and Kapersky Lab in Russia. Cabir is considered a proof-
of-concept virus, because it proves that a virus can be written for mobile phones, something that
was once doubted.