Professional Documents
Culture Documents
12th B.ST
12th B.ST
BST CHAPTER -1
NATURE AND SIGNIFICANCE OF MANAGEMENT
What is Management?
Management is process of getting things done with the aim of
achieving goal efficiently and effectively.
Features of Management (PIG Goes MCD)
P-
Management is all Pervasive.
I- Management is Intangible.
G- Management is a group Activity.
Goes- Management is a Goal oriented process.
M- Management is multi dimensional / faceted.
C- Management is a process of continuous process going concern.
D- Management is all Dynamic function.
Explanation-
1.Management is all Pervasive.
Every organisation whether it is commercial or non commercial,
3.Personal/Individual objective-
It refers to the objective which are related to the employees of an organisation .
It includes:-
a. Financial needs like high salary, incentive and other monetary benefits.
b. Social needs like recognisation in any organisation .
c. Higher level needs including personal growth and development.
If the above needs of the employees are not satisfied, then he will not be able to
work efficiently.
Nature/Characteristic/feature:-
C- Continuous process
U- Ensures unity of action
E- Integrates group efforts
D- Deliberate function
P- Pervasive Function
R- Responsibilities of all
Continuous Process:- Coordination is not one time function. But a continuous process.
It begins at planning stage & continuous till controlling.
Ensures unity of Action:- Coordination is not a one time function of all the
departments and ensures that all activities have a common purpose to achieve goals &
targets of the organisation.
Integrates group efforts:- Coordination gives a common direction to a group efforts to
ensure that the work is perform according to the plans. This need arises because people
working in the organisation have different background and style of working.
Coordination is a Deliberate function:- A manager has to coordinate tha efforts of
different people in a deliberate manner. It does not occur spontaneously or randomly.
Coordination is all pervasive function:- Coordination is required at all levels of
management & in all departments . There should be a proper coordination between
purchase department , production department ,finance department etc to achieve the
goals and targets of the organization.
Importance of coordination:-
Growth in size
Functional differentiation
Specialization
Growth in size:- Growth in size with increase in size of organisation, number of employees
also rises. Individual come from different background with difference in interest, habits ,
work and goals. At times it may become difficult to integrate their efforts and activities.
It ensures that all individuals work towards the common goal of the organisation.
Therefore , for organizational efficiency coordination helps to harmonize individual goals
and organizational goals.
Functional Differentiation:- In an organizational, activities and functions are frequently
divided into departments, division or sections. All these departments may have their own
objectives, policies and their own style of working.
All department aims to achieve its own objective in isolation from others. It often leads to
clash of intereots between the various departments.
However, all department and individuals are interdependent and activity of each
department needs to be focused on attainment of common organizational goals.
Coordination helps in synchronization of activities of different departments. So, that they
proceed together in a single direction. Instead of working as independent units.
Specialization:- Due to increasing complexities of modern techno logy and diversities of
task a number of specialist are hired.
Specialist usually think that they only are qualified to evaluate, judge and decide
accordingly to their professional criteria.
They do not advise or suggestions from others in matters pertaining to their area of
specialilsation. It often leads to conflict among different specialist as well as others in the
organisation.
Coordination helps to reconcile the differences in approach, interest or opinion of the
specialist .
Impotance of management
1 Management help in achieving group goals: Management is required not for itself but for
achieving the goals of organisation.
2.Management increases efficiency : The aim of manager is to reduce cost and increase
productivity through better Planning, Organising , Staffing , Directing And Controlling.
3.Management creates dynamic organisation : business environment keeps on changing
continuously , so in order to be successful management must change its goal and plans,
policy ets. According to the need of environment .
For example- Maruti suzuki brought many new changes in its car to face competition from
foreign automobile companies.
4. Management help in achieving personal objectives: Through motivation and
leadership the management helps individual to develop team spirit, cooperation and
commitment to group success.
5. Management helps in development of society : It helps to provide good quality
products , creates employment opportunities etc for the developmet of society.
LEVELS OF MANAGEMENT
1. TOP MANAGEMENT
2. MIDDLE MANAGEMENT
3. SUPERVISORY OR OPERATIONAL MANAGEMENT
TOP MANAGEMENT
1.They are the senior most exectuvies of the organisation . They are usually referred
to as the chairman , chief executive officer, president and vice president.
2. They formulate overall organizational goals and strategies for their achievement.
3.They are responsible for welfare and survival of the organisation.
Middle Management
1 They act as a link between top and lower level managers. They are usually known
as division heads , operation manager or plant superintendent .
Chapter-2
Principles of Management
Principles of management are broad and general guidelines for decision making and
behaviors they can be used for establishing code of conduct in work place.
According to knootz O Donnel , management principles are fundamental truth of general
validity which have the value in predicting the result of management action.
Nature of management principles:-
Cause & effect relationship
Contingent
Flexible
Mainly Behavioral
Formed by practice &experimentation
Universal Applicability
General guidelines