TIN 304

Quality Control
Feri Afrinaldi, Ph.D
Prima Fithri, MT
Department of Industrial Engineering
Andalas University
 Chapter 4
Acceptance Sampling
This lecture is based on:
• Instructor’s notes.
• Duncan, A. (1965). Quality Control and Industrial Statistics.
Homewood, IL: Richard D. Irwin, Inc.
• Douglas C. Montgomery. (2005). Introduction to Statistical
quality control. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons.
 Contents
• Sampling plan for attributes
– Single-sampling plan for attributes
– Double-sampling plan for attributes
– ISO 2859 OR ANSI Z1.4 OR MilStd 105E
– Rectifying Inspection
• Sampling plan for variables
– Variable sampling plan, control p, known σ, single
specification limit
– Variable sampling plan, control p, known σ, double
specification limit
– Variable sampling plan, control p, unknown σ, single
specification limit

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 Acceptance sampling
• Randomly sample a group of items from an
incoming batch, then make a decision to
accept or reject the batch.
– H0: Batch has an acceptable quality
• Type I error
• Type II error

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 Acceptance sampling
• O.C functions measure the performance of a
sampling plan
• There are 2 types of O.C function
– Type A – finite population
– Type B – infinite population

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 Acceptance sampling
• Sampling plan performance:
▪ p1 = acceptable quality level (good quality)
▪ p2 = unacceptable quality level (bad quality)
▪ α
▪ β

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 Acceptance sampling
• General procedure for sampling plan:
• Define the plan
– Assumption
– Parameter
– Decision rule
• Determine plan performance
• Construct a technique to design the sample plan
• Check performance of the plan
• Compute additional performance measure

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 Acceptance sampling
• Quality characterizations
– Attribute
– Variable

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 Chapter 4
Part 1 Sampling plan for attributes

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 Sampling plan for attributes
• Assumptions
▪ Items are i.i.d
▪ p = P{item is non-conforming} is constant

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PART 1.1 SINGLE-SAMPLING PLAN
FOR ATTRIBUTES

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Single-sampling plan for attributes
• Parameter:
▪n
▪c
▪ Xi

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Single-sampling plan for attributes
• Decision rule:
– Sample and inspect n items
– If c or fewer items are non-conforming then we
accept the lot
– Else, if more than c are non-conforming then
reject

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Single-sampling plan for attributes
• O.C function:
c c
B (c, n, p ) =  b( j , n, p ) =  C nj p j (1 − p ) n − j
j =0 j =0

• When n large and p small:

c c j
( np ) − np
P (c, np ) =  p ( j , np ) =  e
j =0 j =0 j!

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Single-sampling plan for attributes
• Example 1:
Plot the O.C function for a single-sampling
plan for attributes with n = 80, c = 1.
Use p = 0.01, 0.02, and 0.1

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Single-sampling plan for attributes
• Designing single-sampling plan for attributes

( np1 )
i
c
Pa ( p1 ) = 1 −  =  e − np1

i =1 i!
( np2 )
i
c
Pa ( p2 ) =  =  e − np2
i =1 i!

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Single-sampling plan for attributes
• Example 2:
Calculate np1 and np2 for the following plan:
α = 0.075, β = 0.025, c = 0, and c = 1.

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Single-sampling plan for attributes
• General formula to design a single sampling
plan for attributes
 c (np1 )i 
0 = ln   − np1 − ln(1 −  )

 i =0 i! 

 c (np2 )i 
0 = ln   − np2 − ln 

 i =0 i! 

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 Single sampling plan for attributes
alpha 0.075
beta 0.025

Cumulative Cumulative
Poisson Poisson
c np1 dist. 1 - alpha error^2 np2 dist. beta error^2 np2/np1
0 0.077961 0.92500006 0.925 3.89E-15 3.688884 0.02499989 0.025 1.32025E-14 47.31676
1 0.448486 0.92499477 0.925 2.74E-11 5.571638 0.02500012 0.025 1.43186E-14 12.42321
2 0.970785 0.92499323 0.925 4.58E-11 7.224664 0.02500045 0.025 2.04047E-13 7.442088
3 1.571982 0.92500061 0.925 3.73E-13 8.767221 0.02500091 0.025 8.36579E-13 5.577176
4 2.222977 0.92499536 0.925 2.15E-11 10.24155 0.0250006 0.025 3.5504E-13 4.607133
5 2.908679 0.92500734 0.925 5.39E-11 11.66832 0.02500016 0.025 2.54698E-14 4.011553
6 3.620693 0.92500538 0.925 2.9E-11 13.05943 0.0250006 0.025 3.64561E-13 3.606888
7 4.353367 0.9249975 0.925 6.24E-12 14.42275 0.02499902 0.025 9.64316E-13 3.313009
8 5.102539 0.92500651 0.925 4.23E-11 15.76317 0.02500029 0.025 8.33416E-14 3.089279
9 5.865839 0.92500183 0.925 3.34E-12 17.08487 0.02499911 0.025 7.92E-13 2.912605
10 6.641049 0.92499392 0.925 3.7E-11 18.39041 0.02499933 0.025 4.55599E-13 2.769203
11 7.426278 0.92499882 0.925 1.39E-12 19.68197 0.02500078 0.025 6.08809E-13 2.650315
12 8.220647 0.92499316 0.925 4.68E-11 20.96161 0.02499973 0.025 7.53722E-14 2.549873
13 9.022768 0.92499649 0.925 1.23E-11 22.2306 0.02499767 0.025 5.45171E-12 2.463834
14 9.831942 0.92500027 0.925 7.06E-14 23.48971 0.02499896 0.025 1.07263E-12 2.389122
15 10.64745 0.9250051 0.925 2.6E-11 24.74022 0.02500004 0.025 1.51165E-15 2.323581

Sum Sum
square square
error 3.53E-10 error 1.13185E-11

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 Single sampling plan for attributes
alpha 0.05
beta 0.1

Cumulative Cumulative
c np1 poisson dist. 1-alpha error^2 np2 poisson dist. beta error^2 np2/np1
0 0.051293 0.95000006 0.95 3.55861E-15 2.302582799 0.100000229 0.1 5.26312E-14 44.89057771
1 0.355361 0.950000089 0.95 7.85811E-15 3.889716269 0.10000031 0.1 9.62775E-14 10.94581165
2 0.817691 0.95000011 0.95 1.22054E-14 5.322324962 0.09999968 0.1 1.02193E-13 6.508970899
3 1.366317 0.950000146 0.95 2.12638E-14 6.680781478 0.100000099 0.1 9.83214E-15 4.889627535
4 1.970149 0.950000077 0.95 5.90961E-15 7.99358042 0.100000526 0.1 2.77152E-13 4.057348799
5 2.613012 0.950000234 0.95 5.47968E-14 9.274670234 0.100000196 0.1 3.84994E-14 3.549417935
6 3.285313 0.950000163 0.95 2.65555E-14 10.53206005 0.10000061 0.1 3.71576E-13 3.205800912
7 3.980822 0.950000042 0.95 1.80441E-15 11.77089886 0.100000749 0.1 5.60448E-13 2.956901534
8 4.695221 0.950000346 0.95 1.1958E-13 12.99469861 0.100000593 0.1 3.51372E-13 2.767643607
9 5.425408 0.949999883 0.95 1.36222E-14 14.20597871 0.100000509 0.1 2.5896E-13 2.618416635
10 6.168993 0.95000065 0.95 4.22845E-13 15.40662217 0.100000804 0.1 6.45615E-13 2.497428957
11 6.924225 0.949999466 0.95 2.85106E-13 16.59810116 0.100000857 0.1 7.33962E-13 2.397106028
12 7.689591 0.949999488 0.95 2.61935E-13 17.78156713 0.100000731 0.1 5.34789E-13 2.312420457
13 8.463934 0.950000151 0.95 2.26955E-14 18.95793574 0.100000979 0.1 9.58043E-13 2.23984929
14 9.246317 0.950000512 0.95 2.62166E-13 20.12798854 0.100000869 0.1 7.55783E-13 2.176865594
15 10.03594 0.950000731 0.95 5.35028E-13 21.29234987 0.100000823 0.1 6.76899E-13 2.121610758
Sum Sum
square square
error 2.05693E-12 error 6.42403E-12

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Single sampling plan for attributes

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Single-sampling plan for attributes
• Example 3:
A customer will not accept more than 2.5%
time material that is 5% defective or worse.
He also would like the supplier to aim at
producing material that is 1% defective or
better, and if the supplier does so, he wants to
have a plan that will accept such material at
least 92.5% of the time. Help the customer in
designing a single-sample plan.
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END OF CHAPTER 4 PART 1.1

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