Fe KET QUA NGHIEN CUU VA UNG DUNG Thi NGHIEM XUYEN TINH VA UNG DUNG TRONG PHAN TICH NEN BAT YEU Phan Huy Béng"* Tom tat: Thinghiém xuyén tinh (CPTu) da va dang durge str dung mot cach o6 hiéu qua cho céng tac khéio sat dia cht noichung cing nhu khéo sat phuc vu cong tac thiét ké va thi cOng xiply nén at yéu ndtriéng & nhidu noi tren thé gi6i, Trong hang thép ky qua, rét nhiéu céc cai tién dé duoc thyc hién nam néng cao dé chin xa cong nhur nang le cua may xuyén. Bai bao nay trinh bay mét s6 cai tién ca may xuyén CPTu hién nay va mot s6 dng dung da thi nghiém CPTu cho phén tich thiét ké xih ly nén at yu nhue: sie khéing c&t khong thodt nurée (S.), hé sO thém theo phurong ngang (k,) va d6 6 két ctl lop dat (U%). Tirkhéa: May xuyén tinh;nén datyéu; sive khang cdtkhong thoat nuréc; hé s6 thd ngang; dp lure nuéc 6 rng. Cone Penetration Test and Applications to soft soil analysis. Abstract: The cone penetration test (CPT) has been effectively applied for geology investigation as well as for design and construction of soft soil improvement in over the world. Over the past dedicates, numerous innovations have been implemented in order to enhance the accuracy of measurement and capacity of penetration depth. This paper presents recent advances of CPT test for data deduction on soft soil improvement such as undrained shear strength (S.J, horizontal hydraulic conductivity (k,) and consolidation degree of soil ayers during soilimprovement (U%). Keywords: Cone penetration test; soft soil;undrained shear strength; porewater pressure; horizontal hydraulic conductivity. ‘Nhan ngay 6/02/2017; sta xong 10/3/2017; chép mhan dng 30/5/2017 Received: February 6, 2017; revised: March 10, 2017; accepted: May 30, 2017 4.Téngquan Thi nghigm CPT (Cone penetration test), dug phat trién dau tién vao nhtng nam 1930, sau d6 duge ting dung rong rai trong cong téc Khdo sat dia cht & Bac My [1] va mot s6 nuéc Chau Au, nhu Ha Lan v6i nhieu hang sén xuat thiét bi xuyén thurong mai nhur Gouda, Defi, Vandenberg (2)... O Viet Nam, thiét bi CPT cing 43 dug ting dung kha sém véi cdc thiét bj duro sir dung phé bién nh may xuyén PAGANI, Geom... Tiéu chuain ‘vé qui trinh thi nghiém CPT dau tién da dug ban hanh la TCXD 174:2003, sau 46 duge thay thé bang tiéu chuan TCVN 9352:2012 vé thi nghiém CPT noi chung va tiéu chuan TCVN 9846:2013 vé thi nghiém xuyén tinh kém voi dau do ap lyonu6c(CPTu), Hign nay, thi nghiém CPT da duc tich hop thém phan dign tira ty dong héa nén cac thong s6 do duoc: nhiu hon va chinh xc hon. Vi dy, dau do nghiéng dé canh bao khi d nghiéng cia c&n xuyén vugt gid tr cho phép, dau do dién tré xudt RCPTu [3] hay dau do s6ng tng suat cat SCPTu [4]... Hinh 1 trinh bay két qua dién hinh cia thi nghiém xuyén tién tién c6 gan thém dau do séng wg suat. Chi tiét vé thiét bj thi nghiém, quitrinh thi nghiém va kiém soat chat lugng cé thé tham khao tai liu TCVN 9352:2012; TCVN 9846:2013, hoac mot sé tai ligu chuyén mon khéenhu [5-7], Vai myc dich trinh bay mét sé cai tién ciia thiét bj CPT va Ging dung phan tich két qua thi nghiém phuc vy cho cbng tac thiét ké xtrly nn dat yéu, bai bao nay s& trinh bay ting quan vé thinghim CPT va mot s6 vi dy phan tich két qua thi nghiém vao thiét ké xirlyndn, "TS, Khoa Xéy dung Céu during, Trung Baihoc Xay dung. “Tac gia chinh. E-mail: dongph@nuce.edu.vn. TAP 1186.3 A Zz TAEH1S02 tap cHi KHOA HOC cONG NoHE KAYDUNGPannen Trea Ue aye eNom Te f@ L abe sng ig subht SiethingmG g0?6) ——sdetningmast (a) Jelseruse wire) nh) aa . . . | : : Fineg ¢ . * cid . ® i‘. an “ zg cane | “ on » * Hint 1. Két qué thi nghigm xuyén SOPT dién hinh [8] 2. Phan tich két qua thi nghiém CPTu thyc hién trong nén aatyéu 2.1 Twong quan voi strc khang cétkh6ng thoat nude, S, ‘Sire khéng c&t khong thoat nude (S,) la mot thong s6 rt quan trong cho vig tinh todin thiét ké cng trinh trén nén dat yéu. Ngoai cac thi nghiém xac dinh truc tiép, S, duoc xac dinh thong qua sire khang xuyén q, theo cong thire sau: 4 (a) trong dé: ¢, 1a sirc khang mai xuyén téng (sau khi da higu chinh anh huéng cla p lye nuréc dén stic khéng ma xuyén, TCVN); ola ting suat ting do trong long ban than cia Gat tai do sau thi nghiém:; Ny, la hé sé higu chinh mai xuyén. Giattr N, phuthudc vao mot sé yéuté nhu diy kién thi nghiém, loai dat, tc d6 xuyén... Dotin cay oda NN, quyét dinh dén d6 chinh xac cla gia tri cua S,, Ba c6 rat nhiéu nghién ciru vé mdi tuong quan S,-q, khi kéthop. oi cc thi nghiém hién truréng hay thi nghiém mau trong phng xéc dinh tructiép S, Bang 1 tng hop méts6 gia tri tiemots6 nghién ctu tiéu biéu. Bang 1. H6 sé hiéu chinh mai xuyén N, ‘SIT Nguén Gia tri sTT Nguén Gia tri 1 Terzaghi, [6] 93) 5 Salgado, [11] 11-14 2 Meyerho, [8] 10,4 6 TCVN 9836:2013, 1-19 3 Bemben and Myers, [9] 96 7 TCVN 9352: 2012 15-18 4_|_ Konrad and Law, [10] 96 Nham anh gid 46 tin cy cila gid tr S, xéc din tir thi nghiém CPTu, bai bao nay d& khdo sat m6i trong quan gitta S, xac dinh tir thi nghiém CPTu voi S, xéc dinh truc tiép tu thi nghiem cat cénh tai hign trong (VST- vane shear test) cho nén dat yéu 6 hai Duy an 01 va Dy 4n 02 khac nhau tai khu vue Bdng bang Séng iru Long (®BSCL), Dy 4n 01: La dun thud khu khi dign dam Ca Mau. Nan dat yéu trong d6i én dinh gdm cac lop sét, sét pha 6 trang thai do nhao dén nhao, ham luong hitu co cao tir 10% dén 15%, chiéu day phan bé tir 18m dén 20m. Tai m&i vitri khdo sat dia chat, cc thi nghiém hign tuéng khoan dy m&u kéthop thi nghiém VST va CPTu 4 duge thychién 6 sat nhau (khodng céch khéng qua 2m). Hinh 2 lan lvot trinh bay két qua thinghiém CPTu tal 06 vitrithi nghigm kha nhau va so sénh két qua S, truc tiép tir thi nghiém VST va két qua tinh dito th nghiem CPTu tai 06 vi tri tong tng tiv VSTO1 dén VSTOS, Trong d6, két qua tinh toan S, voi cdc truéng hop gia tr higu chinh N,6 cén trén (N,=19) va cn duéi (N,="1), a Tap 11862 TAP cHi KHOA HOC CONG None KAYDUNG T1803 Eafa KET QUA NGHIEN CUU VA UNG DUNG Oa) 5 Su 5 Suir gos 11s 23s 0» «0 © % o 0 w@ % mer Te Est Est dui Bt nt nt ut ud wet tot wt wt aot oot a) b) °) = sd 5 SvaPar = sera 5 Sakray om 4 60 80 om 0 @ % 0% 0 w % 0 0 0 © © OF tam 7 om | ar Ope 2 eusiet ermn-n 2 errant of + enema d) e) fy 9) Hinh 2. Két qua thi nghiém xuyén va méi tuong qua gidta gia tr S, tir két qua xuyén va tir thi nghiém cét cénh hién truéng tai Dy én 01 Dy an 02: Sé ligu durgc ting hop tai hu vc trung tam dign lyre Song Hau, tinh Hu Giang, Nén détyéu cb chidu day phan b6 tty 16m dn 21m, ham luging hGu co thap durdi 5%. Trong do, c6 isp edt min xen kep 649 sau tir 10m dén 12m, Tuong ty nhu trén, tai mdi vi tri Kho sat dja chat, cdc thi nghigm hign truéng khoan dy mau két hop thi nghigm VST va CPTu da dugc thyc hin 6 sat hau. Hinh 3 lan uot trinh bay két qua thi nghiém CPTutai 06 v tr thi nghigm Kndc nhauva so sanh kétqua S, thu dugc ti thinghiém ct cénh VST va kat qua tinh di tir thi nnghigm xuyén CPTu tai 06 vitri tong ting tir VSTO1 dén VSTOE ‘Mac db, két qua phan tich m6itvong quan trén Hinh 2 va Hinh 3 vin chju anh hudng ca mots6 dieu kién nhu:: sy bién déi dia tang tai vi tri thi nghiém CPTu voi vitri thi nghiém VST va sai s6 do thi nghiém va do dac..., két qua so sanh cho thay hau hét gia tri S, xac dinh tir thi nghiém CPTu la kha twong ding voi gia tri S, xac dinh tryc tiép tir thi nghiém VST ca vé mat tri s6 va sy bién déi theo dia tng. Ba sé két qua cho thay gia tri S, xc dinh Oi N, & cn trén (gan phia N, =19) sat véi gid tr S, xc dinh try tiép tr thi nghigm VST hon. Ngoai ra, két qua {rén Hinh 2 cho thay méi tong quan cia gié tri S, xac din tty CPTu la kha phan tan hon so v6i két qua trén Hinh 3, khim@t s6 gid tS, tt thi nghiém VST ndim ngoai khosing gi tri xac dinh ti thi nghiém CPTu. Bidu nay 06 thé lai thich 1a do nén dat tzong ting la nén sét c6 ham lung hu co cao, két qua xuyén cling sé bj anh hyéng do kha nang bao hda cla d&thiu co. Nhin chung, két qua phan tich cho thy m6i tong quan gitta S, tir CPTu va thi nghigm VST a kha tin cay va c6 thé str dung trong nhting truéng hop thiét ké so bo hi chura c6 két quai thi nghiém xac inh S, métcach tryctiép. TAP 11863 TAP 1803 tap cui KHOA Hoc CONG None KAYDUNG 05 - 2017ae TC ep act f su) = saan) 0 2 40 @ 9 100120 0 29 40 « 40 100120 cama © VsTO! * «st aan crn, Nts 2 9 PTANEIL a al tenet se 6 Pd z, a wo : 8 =e se, 2 " ae rt t 6 pad seni _ ae a) °) > sway > sary > svar > Sear) 0-40. M101 0 m4. MMO — 0 3-40. HH HOI] 0 20 40 AO 1129, 4 4 4 4 ‘ ‘ ‘ 6 Es Es Es Es dn dn dn do I a f) Hinh 3. Két qua thi nghiém xuyén va méi tong qua gitta gid tri S, tir két qua xuyén 4) va tte thi nghiém cat cénh hién trating tai Dy én 02 2.2Xéc dinh hé sé thém hién trurong tirkét qué xuyén CPTu Mét trong nhéng Ging dung kha phd bién cda thi nghiém xuyén CPTu la nm gidn tiép xac dinh he sO thém ca dat. Trong qua trinh xuyén, tal vi tri d&t GAu do Ap luc nu6¢ (vi tri u,), nén dt xung quanh sé bi nén, ap lye nudc 16 ring tang lén, sau 66 sé tiéu tan theo moi phurong va dat gia tri can bang 61 ap lye nude thiy tinh, ‘Técd6 tu tan ap luc nue do duoc 6 cc dau do phu thudc vao hé sé thdm cila dat xung quanh mai xuyén (A), 18d c6 nhiéu nghién cu thyenghiém khac nhau dé xac dinh mdi tyong quan gitta hé sé tham vai tbc do tiéu tan plc nu6c 15 rng, trong dé tac gid “Parez and Fauriel” [12] da tién hanh nhiéu thi nghiém do tiéu tan véi nhiéu ogi dt khacnhau 6 cac 46 sau khac va dura ra quan hé thc nghiém gira hé sé thdm theo phurong ngang k, cia cdc loai dt khdc nhau va tho’ gian c6 két t. Két qua nghién iru nay 48 duoc kiém chéeng trong mot sé nghién ‘ctu khac nhau [5,11,13]... va déu cho két luan vé mirc d6 tin cay nhat dinh. Phuong phap ciia “Parez and Fauriel"[12] dug minh hga theo két qua do trén Hinh 1. Trong 6, Hinh 4a trinh bay phuong phap xac dinh tf khoang thé’ gian rng v6i thoi diém ap lye nuréc sinh ra do anh hung moi xuyén tu tan dug 50% va Hinh 4.5 trinh bay méitwong quan thyrenghiém gitra gia tr ¢,, voi hé sé tham theo phuong ngang cia dat. Bai béo nay trinh bay két qua thi nghiém CPTu do chinh téc gia chai tri thyc hign tal dy én Nha may nhigt ‘ign Song Hau 1, Khu vyc dy an xem xét gdm cac lop dat yéu phan bd dén 46 sau trén 20 m, trong d6 06 mots6 6p cat min xen kep (Hinh 5.a). Thi nghiém do tiéu tan duoc thu hign 6 03 vi tri khac nhau, mdi vi tri thyc hién & ‘cdc d6 sau 6m, 11m, 15m va 19 m tuong ting voi cdc lép dat khac nhau, Myc nud ngdm én dinh duge xdcdinh latai b& matlop déts6 1 dudi nn cétsan lép. Tuy nhién tai thoi diém thi nghiém, domuc nude s6ng dang cao két hop nudécmua nénmuycnudcty dot6n tai trong lop cat 6 40 sauxép xi 1m tir cao dé hién trang, TAP 11803 TAP chi KHOA HOC cONG None KAYDUNG “E1802fa KET QUA NGHIEN CUU VA UNG DUNG Gaeiaobenvocnan cars ns hots boradmoa soe ae ye dobaviera ce ye dotavitina slecain ge £ : 3" Jdowenecriren Eos thea t820 Soz BU. a 2 ‘ * oigmeoiiringiy wt a) ») Hinh 4.2, Biéu dé xéc dinh thai gian cb két; b. Hé 86 thém xac dinh tir két qua do thoi gian tiéu tan dp lc nut, tl12] 1 ome 2 F od Bn ieee pes c) a) Hinh 5. Thi nghiém do ép lye nube 16 réng tiéu tan theo thoi gian tai céc d6 sau tuong ting. 1 ate Msuiingal™ cn 4) Két qua do tiéu tan ap lye nu6c I6 réng tai 03 vi tri va 6 cdc 46 sau khac nhau durge trinh bay trong cac Hinh 5.b, Hinh 5.c va Hinh 5.d. C6 thé nhan thay rang, voi cac lop dat sét (d6 sau 8m, 15m va 19m), tai thoi diém_ bat dau do, gia tri ap lye nude tong (Ap Ive nude thiy tinh u,,va ap lyre nu@c du, Au.) sé tiéu tan va gidm dan vé gia tridn dinh 6 thoi diém cudi cling cila thi nghiém do. Tuy nhién tai cc lop dat cat (46 sau 11m, Hinh 5.b va Hinh 5.0), ap lye nuéc ban dau do éugc la thdp han ap lye nude thiy tinh sau dé ap Ive nus tang dan va én dinh v8 gid tridp lyc nuéc thiy tinh. TAP 1186.3 A TAENSO2 sap cHi KHoa Hoc conc Noe KAYDUNGBang 2.Phén tich két qua thi nghiém Apive | Apiye cugei| mvoclsi | ABE | Aplus DO ‘thoi diém | thoi diém thoy tinh réng tai bat dau | kétthac | “uy tin! ng tal) ta kn ky sau tai d@ sau | thoi diém (CPTu) thi thi Sai sé thi 66 két 50% nghigm | nghiém | ahem a tigutan_| do eS a! m MPa MPa MPa MPa Ss cm/s. cm/s % 8 | 0.25654 | 0.07571 | 0,07 | 0,16612 | 6220 | 6,08192E-07| 5,47E-07 | 11.2% 11 0.15668 | 0,09965 041 0.12816 58.0 | 1,1803E-05 | 1,08E-05 9.05 15_|_0.42711_|_0,15204 | 0.14 | 0.28058 | 368,0 | 4,17211€-06| 1,042E-6 | 12.5 19 0,43102_| 0,17505 0,18 0,30304 38,0 | 2,00239E-05 | 2,145E-5 66% Bang 2 phan tich két qua thi nghiém. Trong 46, gia tri k, dug tinh toan tu gid tr trung binh & méi do sau khdc nhau. Tho gian t,, duge xac dinh tru tiép tir cc biéu dé tiGu tan p Ic nU6C theo thoi gian trong Hinh 5 theo phurong phap cia Parez and Faurel 12]. Ngoaira, gir k,l gi tr tham chidu tir Kt qua thi nghigm nén c6 két mét tryc cho mu dat nguyén dang. Két qua so sénh cho thay gid tri hé s6 thm duge xac dinh ty thi nghigm xuyén CPTu chénh Ich so voi cac két qua thye nghiém va két qua thi nghiém trong phong la khéng qua 15%, Mac di c6 thé cé sai sé thi nghigm nhdt dinh khi so sénh két qua thi nghiém nén mu trong phdng va thi nghim hign truéng cling nhw sai s6 do thyc hién thi nghiém, k&t qué nay phan anh duoc tng dung kha hiru ich ola thi inghigm CPT cho viée phan tich thidtké xi nén dat yéu. 2.3Banh gid d6 c6 két cia lop dit trong khi dang gia taixirly nén Trong qua trinh xuyén, ap lye nuréc xung quanh mai xuyén sé tang len, khi dimng xuyén thi ép lye nude xxung quanh mdi xuyén sé tiéu tan va giém xuéng, Thi nghigm tiéu tan a thi nghiém ghilai sy aim 4p lyenu6c 6 rng (du) theo thoi gian & mot d@ sau nhdt dinh, BO cb két U (%) cia l6p dat dang xét dug xac dinh tir Ap Iyc nu6cl6 ring tai d6 sAu tong ing dugcxéc dinh nhu sau: 2) trong 46 u, la Ap lye nude téng do dugc tai thoi 6iém tu, la Ap lwe née thiy tinh so véi myc nude ngam tai dO ‘su do, U,, la Ap lye nude téng do duge tai thoi diém bat du thi nghiém tidu tan. Truong hop ma rong, Khi cd ‘thém Ap suat chan khong d6 c6 két cla lop dat dya vao Ap Ic nuéc I6 réng trong trudng hop trén duge xac dinh nhu sau: u,=0- Mp = (to: 4) 9994 @) i: Cine —8P) Thiét ixuyen CPTu 68 duge siz dung a anh gid a6 ob Ket cia mét sb lop dt trong qua trnh xy nén. “Tai khu vue eta dy dn, nn dét bao gm lop dt san lp dy 4,5m duge thy hign trade khi cdng te xi Iy nbn Gugctién hanh, tép theo la cic lop détyéu dt set nhAo, sét déo nha, sét déo mém phan b6 dnd sau tir 4.5m «én khodng 30m tinh tr cao d9 hign trang. Nén duxyc xr bang phuong php hat chan khong, trong 46 ba thm urge cam dén 69 sau 25m, Thistbj CPTu da dugc ap dat va trib khal nha dm bao khong lam anh huéng dén ne théng mang kin khi. 86 ob k&t cba lop a&t urge phan tich dya tren ap lve nucc 16 réng do urge 6 céc-46 sau khac nau va due phan tich u6i dang bidu 8 tinh bay Hin 6. Quitrinhbién 81 ple nude 16 rng theo qué trinh thi cong nh sau aipe, Pe) tee T= ea) Aotensacngay souk to ug. Pa) (9) Aptue mabey ta ban abu Pal \ > (3) Ap lye nut tidu tan duct Sea) . )kgWwenusceiy ~ Trang thai ban dau, ap lve mute thy ave gsi tinh do trong long bain than, u, fest) > ~Ngay sau khi dap voi tai trong tong ng P,,aplyenuéctang len motlueng: Up, = Ua+P, A (9 Aatyenocstin far tbongnatenan = Dui tai trong dap, 4p Ive nude u, tidy | Bera yO tan dan tr Ug, V8Gi8 tr Uy. 7 = Trong qua trinh hut chan khéng, ap lye Hinh 6. Qui trinh bién déi ap Ive nuréc I6 rang nue, 86 tu tan tiru, va gid tag, theo céc bube thi cng A TAP 11803 TAP cHi KHOA HOC CONG None KAYDUNG T1803 Pannen Trea QUA NGHIEN CUU VA UNG DUNG f@ LDo thdi gian dug phép tien hanh thi nghiém han che cing nhu dieu kién thi nghiém phirc tap, tai dy an cchicé hai sé liu do tiéu tan tai céc d6 su 16m va 25m nhuetrinh bay Hinh 7. Két qua do nay da duoc kiém chung khi so sénh v6i gia tr ap lye nu6ec 16 r8ng do dugc bang céc dau do piezometers dugc lap dat trong nén va gin 6 vitr thi nghiém (Hinh 8). Két qua phan tich trong Bang 3 cho thy, chénh Iéch gitra hai php do la du6i 10%, Mac dii cn cé thém sé ligu dé khang dinh dé tin cay cua két qua do, tuy nhién sai sé trén la 66 thé chap nhan duge {rong giai Goan phan tich thiétké 700 18d sau 16.03m, — 86 s8u25.01m & | 190 kPa 8 gg kPa Ap lc nuéc [6 réng, u (kPa) 5 1 10 100 1000 10000 100000 ‘Thai gian do tiéu tan (s) Hinh 7. Két qué do tiéu tan ap iyre nuréc 16 rng bang CPTu trong khi dang gia tai chan khong, 290 + 29.5m 240 **asasqyoveasonenvetoneocooeooetonenowensesenonsenoneesonennpinitenesseseseene = 25m = = 16m ety Un, 12 = 190 om E140 z & 2 ‘sansa Mabobiit ners iuhdennansarabsrabaianniannnnhibiht, “Po 1 2 3 ©6400 5stiCSCitSCH0O ‘Tho’ gian hit chan Khong (ngay) Hinh 8. Két qué do tiéu tan ap lve noe 16 réng tai mot sé d6 sau khac nhau bang dau do piezometers. Bang 3. Két qua phan tich a c6 két cil I6p dat tai cdc 0 séu A Két qua tir dau do Kt qua xac dinh tothi_ | Chent ve Wwe eters nghiém CPTu Rene 6 cé két gitra 6 sau | nude thiy 7 "DO ob Kat r Be cok gi finh, Wor | nude, une | 46 sau do,U;_| nub, Une | 46 su do,U: m kPa kPa % kPa % 76,03_| 157,877 | 89,746 81,02 8,0 74,8 7.8% 25,010 | 215,037 | 186,205 75,40 190.0 TAT 4%.Pannen Trea Ue aye eNom Te f@ L 3. kétluan Bal bao nay 08 trinh bay t8ng quan v8 thi nghiém CPT va nguyén ly Ap dung khi phan tich s6 iu nén at yéu. Mac dil c&n cé thém céc két qua kim ching, cdc phan tich trong diéu kién dia chat 6 khu vc BBSCL cho thdy y nghia quan trong cla thi nghigm CPT trong giai doan phaintich thiét ké va cA gial doan thi cong xt ly nn @étyéu. Cuthé nhur sau - Thinghigm CPT ngoai vigc biét dén la mot thi nghigm cho két qua xc dinh cdu tao dia tang mot cach tin ‘cay, con cho phép gidn tiép xac dinh cdc théng s6 sire khang cét, hé sé tham cla nén va d6 ob két cla lop dat tuong ting, Cac két qua phan tich trong bai bao cho thay céc mdi twang quan tir két qua xuyén va céc thong sé nin la kha tn cy. Stre Khang ct khong thositnur6e.c6 thé xa dinh gian tiép ti thi nghiém CPTu voi céc thong s6 quidéi N, ném phia can rén (N,=19) cho méituong quan kha phi hop voi dat yéu. Tuy nhién, méitwong quan dung nhy chién dinh véinén dtdinh ob ham long hi co thép. - Thi nghiém xuyén do tiéu tan do ap lyre nur6 1b rng 66 thé str dung dé xac dinh hé sé thdm ngang cia nén véi sai s6 dui 15% so voi két qua thi nghiém trong phong. ~ Thinghigm xuyén do tiéu tan cng c6 thé sir dung trong truong hop cin danh gia so'b6 46 cOkétcitalop t dang trong qué trinh gia tai xt ly nén trong truéng hyp khong c6 cae két qua do tryc tip thr cae du do plezometers v6i sai s6 du6i 10% 1. Briaud J.L., and Miran J. (1992), “The Cone Penetrometer Test’, Report No. FHWA-SA-91-043, Federal Highway Administration, Washington, D.C., 161 2. Bemben S.M., Myers HJ. (1974), "The influence of rate of penetration on static cone resistance in Connecticut river valley varved clay’, Proceedings of the European Symposium on Penetration Testing, ESOPT, Stockholm, 2.2:33-34 3. Daniel C.R., Howie J.A., Campanella R.G., Giacheti H.L (1999), “The Resistivity Piezocone Penetration Test (RCPTu) for Quality Control of Geotechnical Ground Densification’, Proc. Symposium on the Application of Geophysies to Engineering and Environmental Problems (SAGEEP), Oakland, California 4, DeRuiter J. (1971), "Electric Penetrometer for Site Investigations", Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division (ASCE), 97:457-472. 5. Mayne PW. (2007), “Cone penetration testing: A synthesis of highway practice’, National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Synthesis 368, Washington, D.C. 6.Terzaghik. (1943), Theoretical Soil Mechanics, Wiley, NY. 7.VG.Céng Natt, Nguy€n Thai (2006), Th nghiém at hign truéng va img dung trong phan tich nén méng, Nha Xudt ban khoa hc vaky thuat, Ha NOI. & Meyerhof G.G. (1951), "The Ultimate Bearing Capacity of Foundations”, Géotechnique, 2:301-332. 9. Bemben S.M., Myers H.J. (1974), “The influence of rate of penetration on static cone resistance in Connecticut river valley varved clay’, Proceedings of the European Symposium on Penetration Testing, ESOPT, Stockholm, 2.2:33-34 10. Konrad J.M., Law K.T. (1987), “Undrained shear strength from piezocone tests’, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 24(3):382-405. 11. Salgado R., Lyamin A.V., Sloan S.W., Yu H.S. (2004), foundations in clay”, Géotechnique, 54(8):297-306 412, Parezand Fauriel 1988),"Relationship Between kh and 60", Geotech.,44:13-27. 13. KimK.K. (2006). "interpretation of cone penetration tests in cohesive soils”, FHWAVIN/JTRP, 22. Wwo- and three dimensional bearing capacity of TAP 11803 TAP chi KHOA HOC cONG None KAYDUNG “E1802 Ea