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PHYSICS
TARGET IIT JEE 2010
XII (ALL)
CURRENT ELECTRICITY
CONTENTS
KEY CONCEPT ............................................................. Page –2
EXERCISE–I .................................................................. Page –7
EXERCISE–II ................................................................ Page –9
EXERCISE–III ............................................................... Page –11
OBJECTIVE QUESTION BANK.................................. Page –14
CURRENT ELECTRICITY
1. ELECTRIC CURRENT :
Electric charges in motion constitute an electric current. Any medium having practically free electric
charges , free to migrate is a conductor of electricity. The electric charge flows from higher potential
energy state to lower potential energy state. Positive charge flows from higher to lower potential and
negative charge flows from lower to higher. Metals such as gold, silver, copper, aluminium etc. are good
conductors.
2. ELECTRIC CURRENT IN A CONDUCTOR :
In absence of potential difference across a conductor no net current flows through a cross section.
When a potential difference is applied across a conductor the charge carriers (electrons in case of
metallic conductors) flow in a definite direction which constitutes a net current in it . These electrons are
not accelerated by electric field in the conductor produced by potential difference across the conductor.
They move with a constant drift velocity . The direction of current is along the flow of positive charge (or
opposite to flow of negative charge). i = nvdeA, where Vd = drift velocity .
3. CHARGE AND CURRENT :
The strength of the current i is the rate at which the electric charges are flowing. If a charge Q coulomb
passes through a given cross section of the conductor in t second the current I through the conductor is
Q Coulomb Q
given by I = = = ampere .
t sec ond t
dq
Ampere is the unit of current . If i is not constant then i = , where dq is net charge transported at
dt
a section in time dt.
In a current carrying conductor we can define a vector which gives the direction as current per unit
normal, cross sectional area.
I
Thus J = n or I = J · S
S
Where n is the unit vector in the direction of the flow of current.
For random J or S, we use I = J ds
4. RELATION IN J, E AND D :
In conductors drift vol. of electrons is proportional to the electric field in side the conductor
as – d = E
where is the mobility of electrons
I
current density is given as J = = ne d
A
= ne(E) = E
1
where = ne is called conductivity of material and we can also write = resistivity
of material. Thus E = J. It is called as differential form of Ohm's Law.
6. ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE :
The property of a substance which opposes the flow of electric current through it is termed as electrical
resistance. Electrical resistance depends on the size, geometery, temperature and internal structure of the
conductor.
7. LAW OF RESISTANCE :
The resistance R offered by a conductor depends on the following factors :
l
R L (length of the conductor) ; R (cross section area of the conductor)
A
l
at a given temperature R = .
A
Where is the resistivity of the material of the conductor at the given temperature . It is also known as
specific resistance of the material .
Here we assume that the dimensions of resistance does not change with temperature if expansion
coefficient of material is considerable. Then instead of resistance we use same property for
resistivity as = 0 (1 + )
The materials for which resistance decreases with temperature, the temperature coefficient of
resistance is negative.
Where is called the temperature co-efficient of resistance . The unit of is K 1 of ºC 1 reciprocal of
resistivity is called conductivity and reciprocal of resistance is called conductance (G) . S.I. unit of G is
ohm.
9. OHM'S LAW :
Ohm's law is the most fundamental of all the laws in electricity . It says that the current through the cross
section or the conductor is proportional to the applied potential difference under the given physical
condition . V = R I . Ohm's law is applicable to only metalic conductors .
II - Law (Loop analysis) :The algebric sum of all the voltages in closed
circuit is zero.
IR + EMF = 0 in a closed loop . The closed loop can be traversed
in any direction . While traversing a loop if higher potential point is
entered, put a + ve sign in expression or if lower potential point is
entered put a negative sign .
V1 V2 +V3 V4 = 0. Boxes may contain resistor or battery or any other element (linear or non-linear).
It is also known as KVL (Kirchhoff's voltage law) .
(b) I = I1 + I2 + I3 + .......... In .
1 1 1 1 1
(c) Effective resistance (R) then .......... .
R R1 R 2 R 3 Rn
(d) Current in different resistors is inversally
proportional to the resistance .
1 1 1 1
I1 : I2 : ........... In = : : :..........: .
R1 R 2 R 3 Rn
G1 G2
I1 = I , I2 = I , etc .
G1G 2 .........G n G1G 2 .........G n
I
where G = = Conductance of a resistor .
R
12. EMF OF A CELL & ITS INTERNAL RESISTANCE :
If a cell of emf E and internal resistance r be connected with a resistance R the total resistance of
the circuit is (R + r) .
E E
I= ; VAB = where
R r R r
E = Terminal voltage of the battery .If r 0, cell is Ideal & V E .
13. GROUPING OF CELLS :
(i) CELLS IN SERIES :
Let there be n cells each of emf E , arranged in series.Let r be the internal resistance of each cell.
nE
The total emf = n E . Current in the circuit I = .
R nr
nE
If nr << R then I = Series combination should be used .
R
E
If nr >> R then I = Series combination should not be used .
r
Current Electricity [4]
mE
If mR << r ; I = Parallel combination should be used .
r
E
If mR >> r ; I = Parallel combination should not be used .
R
mr
R= = internal resistance of battery .
n
nE mE
Imax = .
2r 2R
WHEAT STONE NETWORK :
When current through the galvanometer is zero (null point or balance
P R
point) = . When PS > QR; VC < VD & PS <QR ; VC > VD or
Q S
PS = QR products of opposite arms are equal. Potential difference
between C & D at null point is zero . The null point is not affected by
resistance of G & E. It is not affected even if the positions of G & E are
inter changed. ICD (QR PS) .
14. POTENTIOMETER :
A potentiometer is a linear conductor of uniform cross-section with a steady current set up in it. This
maintains a uniform potential gradient along the length of the wire . Any potential difference which is less
then the potential difference maintained across the potentiometer wire can be measured using this . The
E1 I1
potentiometer equation is .
E 2 I2
15. AMMETER :
It is a modified form of suspended coil galvanometer it is used to measure
current . A shunt (small resistance) is connected in parallel with
Ig R g
galvanometer to convert into ammeter . S = ; An ideal ammeter
II g
has zero resistance . where
Ig = Maximum current that can flow through the galvanometer .
I = Maximum current that can be measured using the given ammeter .
16. VOLTMETER :
A high resistance is put in series with galvanometer . It is used to measure potential difference .
Vo
Ig = .
R g R
R , Ideal voltmeter .
H = I Rdt
2
0 to t is:
0
EXERCISE # I
Q.1 A network of nine conductors connects six points A, B, C, D, E and F
as shown in figure. The figure denotes resistances in ohms. Find the
equivalent resistance between A and D.
Q.3 Find the equivalent resistance of the circuit between points A and B shown in
figure is: (each branch is of resistance = 1)
Q.5 If a cell of constant E.M.F. produces the same amount of the heat during the same time in two independent
resistors R1 and R2, when they are separately connected across the terminals of the cell, one after the
another, find the internal resistance of the cell.
Q.6 In the circuit shown in figure, all wires have equal resistance r.
Find the equivalent resistance between A and B.
Q.11 Find the current (in mA) in the wire between points A and B.
1 k A 2 k
2 k 1 k
B
30V
Q.12 If the switches S1, S2 and S3 in the figure are arranged such that
current through the battery is minimum, find the voltage across
points A and B.
Q.15 In the figure shown for which values of R1 and R2 the balance point for
Jockey is at 40 cm from A. When R2 is shunted by a resistance of 10 ,
balance shifts to 50 cm. Find R1 and R2. (AB = 1 m):
EXERCISE # II
Q.1(a) The current density across a cylindrical conductor of radius R varies according to the equation
r
J = J 0 1 , where r is the distance from the axis. Thus the current density is a maximum Jo at the
R
axis r = 0 and decreases linearly to zero at the surface r = R. Calculate the current in terms of Jo and the
conductor’s cross sectional area is A = R2.
(b) Suppose that instead the current density is a maximum Jo at the surface and decreases linearly to zero at
r
the axis so that J = J0 . Calculate the current.
R
Q.2 What will be the change in the resistance of a circuit consisting of five
identical conductors if two similar conductors are added as shown by
the dashed line in figure.
Q.3 The current I through a rod of a certain metallic oxide is given by I = 0.2 V5/2, where V is the potential
difference across it. The rod is connected in series with a resistance to a 6V battery of negligible internal
resistance. What value should the series resistance have so that :
(i) the current in the circuit is 0.44
(ii) the power dissipated in the rod is twice that dissipated in the resistance.
Q.5 A person decides to use his bath tub water to generate electric power to run a 40 watt bulb. The bath
tube is located at a height of 10 m from the ground & it holds 200 litres of water. If we install a water
driven wheel generator on the ground, at what rate should the water drain from the bath tube to light
bulb? How long can we keep the bulb on, if the bath tub was full initially. The efficiency of generator is
90%.(g = 10m/s–2)
Q.7 A rod of length L and cross-section area A lies along the x-axis between x = 0 and x = L. The material
obeys Ohm’s law and its resistivity varies along the rod according to (x) = 0 e–x/L. The end of the rod
at x = 0 is at a potential V0 and it is zero at x = L.
(a) Find the total resistance of the rod and the current in the wire.
(b) Find the electric potential in the rod as a function of x.
Q.8 An ideal cell having a steady emf of 2 volt is connected across the potentiometer wire of length 10 m. The
potentiometer wire is of magnesium and having resistance of 11.5 /m. An another cell gives a null point at
6.9 m. If a resistance of 5 is put in series with potentiometer wire, find the new position of the null point.
Q.9 An enquiring physics student connects a cell to a circuit and measures the current drawn from the
cell to I1. When he joins a second identical cell is series with the first, the current becomes I2. When
the cells are connected are in parallel, the current through the circuit is I3. Show that relation between
the current is 3 I3 I2 = 2 I1 (I2 + I3)
Q.11 A resistance R of thermal coefficient of resistivity = is connected in parallel with a resistance = 3R,
having thermal coefficient of resistivity = 2. Find the value of eff .
Q.12 The circuit of a carbon arc lamp is shown in the figure (to ignite the lamp the carbon electrodes are
touched together, then they are slowly drawn apart.) The voltage across the gap between the carbon
rods as a function of the current can be given by the following formula : V = A + B/I, where A and B are
constants.
If the voltage of the battery V0 can be considered constant what is the maximum resistance of the
rheostat Rmax, that should be connected in series to ignite the lamp.
Data : A = 40 V, B = 20 W, V0 = 100 V
Q.13 In the primary circuit of potentiometer the rheostat can be varied from 0 to 10. Initially it is at minimum
resistance (zero).
(a) Find the length AP of the wire such that the galvanometer shows zero
deflection.
(b) Now the rheostat is put at maximum resistance (10) and the switch S is
closed. New balancing length is found to 8m. Find the internal resistance r
of the 4.5V cell.
Q14 A galvanometer (coil resistance 99 ) is converted into a ammeter using a shunt of 1and connected as
shown in the figure (i). The ammeter reads 3A. The same galvanometer is converted into a voltmeter by
connecting a resistance of 101 in series. This voltmeter is connected as shown in figure(ii). Its reading
is found to be 4/5 of the full scale reading. Find
(a) internal resistance r of the cell
(b) range of the ammeter and voltmeter
(c) full scale deflection current of the galvanometer
EXERCISE # III
Q.1 In the circuit shown, P R, the reading of the galvanometer is same with
switch S open or closed. Then
(A) IR = IG (B) IP = IG (C) IQ = IG (D) IQ = IR [JEE’99, 2]
Q.2 The effective resistance between the points P and Q of the electrical
circuit shown in the figure is
(A) 2 Rr / (R + r) (B) 8R(R + r)/(3R + r)
(C) 2r + 4R (D) 5 R/2 + 2r
[JEE 2002 (Scr), 3]
Q.3 A 100 W bulb B1, and two 60 W bulbs B2 and B3, are connected to a
250 V source, as shown in the figure. Now W1, W2 and W3 are the
output powers of the bulbs B1, B2 and B3 respectively. Then
(A) W1 > W2 = W3
(B) W1 > W2 > W3
(C) W1 < W2 = W3
(D) W1 <W2 < W3 [JEE 2002 (Scr), 3]
(b) Copy the figure in your answer book and show the battery and the galvanometer (with jockey) connected
at appropriate points.
(c) After appropriate connections are made, it is found that no deflection takes place in the galvanometer
when the sliding jockey touches the wire at a distance of 60 cm from A. Obtain the value of resistance X.
[JEE’ 2002, 1 + 2 + 2]
Q.5 Arrange the order of power dissipated in the given circuits, if the same current is passing through all
circuits and each resistor is 'r' [JEE’ 2003 (Scr)]
(I) (II)
(III) (IV)
(A) P2 > P3 > P4 > P1 (B) P3 > P2 > P4 > P1 (C) P4 > P3 > P2 > P1 (D) P1 > P2 > P3 > P4
Q.9 For the post office box arrangement to determine the value of unknown resistance,
the unknown resistance should be connected between [JEE’ 2004 (Scr)]
(A) B and C (B) C and D
(C) A and D (D) B1 and C1
Q.10 Draw the circuit for experimental verification of Ohm's law using a source of variable D.C. voltage, a
main resistance of 100 , two galvanometers and two resistances of values 106 and 10–3 respectively.
Clearly show the positions of the voltmeter and the ammeter. [JEE’ 2004]
Q.15 A resistance of 2 is connected across one gap of a metre-bridge (the length of the wire is
100 cm) and an unknown resistance, greater than 2 , is connected across the other gap. When these
resistances are interchanged, the balance point shifts by 20 cm. Neglecting any corrections, the unknown
resistance is
(A) 3 (B) 4 (C) 5 (D) 6 [JEE 2007]
Q.16 Figure shows three resistor configurations R1, R2 and R3 connected to 3V battery. If the power dissipated
by the configuration R1, R2 and R3 is P1, P2 and P3 respectively, then [JEE 2008]
Figure :
1 1
1
1 1 1 3V
1 1
3V 3V 1 1
1
1 1 1 1
R1 R2 R3
(A) P1 > P2 > P3 (B) P1 > P3 > P2 (C) P2 > P1 > P3 (D) P3 > P2 > P1
Q.17 STATEMENT-1 : In a Meter Bridge experiment, null point for an unknown resistance is measured.
Now, the unknown resistance is put inside an enclosure maintained at a higher temperature. The null
point can be obtained at the same point as before by decreasing the value of the standard resistance.
and [JEE 2008]
STATEMENT-2 : Resistance of a metal increases with increase in temperature.
(A) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True ; statement-2 is a correct explanation for statement-1
(B) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True ; statement-2 is NOT a correct explanation for statement-1
(C) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is False
(D) Statement-1 is False, Statement-2 is True
I 2 k R1
24V
6 k R2 RL 1.5 k
Q.2 In a wire of cross-section radius r, free electrons travel with drift velocity v when a current I flows
through the wire. What is the current in another wire of half the radius and of the same material when the
drift velocity is 2v?
(A) 2I (B) I (C) I/2 (D) I/4
Q.3 An insulating pipe of cross-section area 'A' contains an electrolyte which has two types of ions their
charges being –e and +2e. A potential difference applied between the ends of the pipe result in the
drifting of the two types of ions, having drift speed = v (–ve ion) and v/4 (+ve ion). Both ions have the
same number per unit volume = n. The current flowing through the pipe is
(A) nev A/2 (B) nev A/4 (C) 5nev A/2 (D) 3nev A/2
Q.4 A current I flows through a uniform wire of diameter d when the mean electron drift velocity is V. The
same current will flow through a wire of diameter d/2 made of the same material if the mean drift velocity
of the electron is :
(A) v/4 (B) v/2 (C) 2v (D) 4v
Q.6 A uniform copper wire carries a current i amperes and has p carriers per metre3. The length of the wire
is metres and its cross-section area is s metre2. If the charge on a carrier is q coulombs, the drift
velocity in ms–1 is given by
(A) i/sq (B) i/psq (C) psq/i (D) i/psq
Q.7 The current in a metallic conductor is plotted against voltage at two different
temperatures T1 and T2. Which is correct
(A) T1 > T2 (B) T1 < T2
(C) T1 = T2 (D) none
Q.8 If X, Y and Z in figure are identical lamps, which of the following changes to
the brightnesses of the lamps occur when switch S is closed?
(A) X stays the same, Y decreases (B) X increases, Y decreases
(C) X increases, Y stays the same (D) X decreases, Y increases
Q.9 A storage battery is connected to a charger for charging with a voltage of 12.5Volts. The internal resistance of
the storage battery is 1. When the charging current is 0.5 A, the emf of the storage battery is:
(A) 13 Volts (B) 12.5 Volts (C) 12 Volts (D) 11.5 Volts
Q.10 Under what condition current passing through the resistance R can be
increased by short circuiting the battery of emf E2. The internal resistances
of the two batteries are r1 and r2 respectively.
(A) E2r1 > E1 (R + r2) (B) E1r2 > E2 (R + r1)
(C) E2r2 > E1 (R + r2) (D) E1r1 > E2 (R + r1)
Q.11 A battery consists of a variable number n of identical cells having internal resistance connected in series.
The terminals of the battery are short circuited and the current I measured.
Which one of the graph below shows the relationship between I and n?
Q.12 In previous problem, if the cell had been connected in parallel (instead of in series) which of the above
graphs would have shown the relationship between total current I and n?
Q.13 In the figure shown, battery 1 has emf = 6 V and internal resistance = 1 .
Battery 2 has emf = 2V and internal resistance = 3 . The wires have negligible
resistance. What is the potential difference across the terminals of battery 2 ?
(A) 4 V (B) 1.5 V
(C) 5 V (D) 0.5 V
Q.15 Two batteries one of the emf 3V, internal resistance 1 ohm and the other of emf 15 V,
internal resistance 2 ohm are connected in series with a resistance R as shown. If the
potential difference between a and b is zero the resistance of R in ohm is
(A) 5 (B) 7
(C) 3 (D) 1
Q.16 A wire of length L and 3 identical cells of negligible internal resistances are connected in series. Due to
the current, the temperature of the wire is raised by T in time t. N number of similar cells is now
connected in series with a wire of the same material and cross section but of length 2L. The temperature
of the wire is raised by the same amount T in the same time t. The value of N is :
(A) 4 (B) 6 (C) 8 (D) 9
Q.17 A wire of cross-section area A, length L1, resistivity 1 and temperature coefficient of resistivity 1 is
connected to a second wire of length L2, resistivity 2, temperature coefficient of resistivity 2 and the
same area A, so that wire carries same current. Total resistance R is independent of temperature for
small temperature change if (Thermal expansion effect is negligible)
(A) 1 = – 2 (B) 1L1 1 + 2L2 2 = 0
(C) L1 1 + L2 2 = 0 (D) None
Q.19 The resistance of all the wires between any two adjacent dots is R.
Then equivalent resistance between A and B as shown in figure is :
(A) 7/3 R (B) 7/6 R
(C) 14/8 R (D) None of these
Q.20 Consider an infinte ladder network shown in figure. A voltage V is applied between the points A and B.
This applied value of voltage is halved after each section.
Q.21 In the given circuit the current flowing through the resisitance 20 ohms is 0.3
ampere while the ammetre reads 0.8 ampere. What is the value of R1?
(A) 30 ohms (B) 40 ohms
(C) 50 ohms (D) 60 ohms
Q.22 A brass disc and a carbon disc of same radius are assembled alternatively to make a cylindrical conductor.
The resistance of the cylinder is independent of the temperature. The ratio of thickness of the brass disc
to that of the carbon disc is [ is temperature coefficient of resistance & Neglect linear expansion ]
CC C B B C BB
(A) (B) (C) (D)
BB B C C B CC
Q.25 One end of a Nichrome wire of length 2L and cross-sectional area A is attatched to an end of another
Nichrome wire of length L and cross-sectional area 2A. If the free end of the longer wire is at an electric
potential of 8.0 volts, and the free end of the shorter wire is at an electric potential of 1.0 volt, the
potential at the junction of the two wires is equal to
(A) 2.4 V (B) 3.2 V (C) 4.5 V (D) 5.6 V
Q.26 In the diagram resistance between any two junctions is R. Equivalent resistance
across terminals A and B is
11R 18R 7R 11R
(A) (B) (C) (D)
7 11 11 18
Q.27 Power generated across a uniform wire connected across a supply is H. If the wire is cut into n equal
parts and all the parts are connected in parallel across the same supply, the total power generated in the
wire is
H H
(A) (B) n2H (C) nH (D)
n2 n
Q.28 When electric bulbs of same power, but different marked voltage are connected in series across the
power line, their brightness will be :
(A) proportional to their marked voltage
(B) inversely proportional to their marked voltage
(C) proportional to the square of their marked voltage
(D) inversely proportional to the square of their marked voltage
Q.29 Two bulbs rated (25 W – 220V) and (100W – 220V) are connected in series to a 440 V line. Which
one is likely to fuse?
(A) 25 W bulb (B) 100 W bulb (C) both bulbs (D) none
Q.30 Rate of dissipation of Joule’s heat in resistance per unit volume is (symbols have usual meaning)
(A) E (B) J (C) J E (D) None
Q.31 If the length of the filament of a heater is reduced by 10%, the power of the heater will
(A) increase by about 9% (B) increase by about 11%
(C) increase by about 19% (D) decrease by about 10%
Q.32 Two bulbs one of 200 volts, 60 watts & the other of 200 volts, 100 watts are connected in series to a
200 volt supply. The power consumed will be
(A) 37.5 watt (B) 160 watt (C) 62.5 watt (D) 110 watt
Q.33 Three 60 W light bulbs are mistakenly wired in series and connected to a 120 V power supply. Assume
the light bulbs are rated for single connection to 120 V. With the mistaken connection, the power dissipated
by each bulb is:
(A) 6.7 W (B) 13.3 W (C) 20 W (D) 40 W
Q.34 The ratio of powers dissipatted respectively in R and 3R, as shown is:
(A) 9 (B) 27/4 (C) 4/9 (D) 4/27
Q.35 In the figure shown the power generated in y is maximum when y = 5.
Then R is
(A) 2 (B) 6
(C) 5 (D) 3
Q.36 In the circuit shown, the resistances are given in ohms and the
battery is assumed ideal with emf equal to 3.0 volts. The resistor
that dissipates the most power is
(A) R1 (B) R2
(C) R3 (D) R4
Q.37 What amount of heat will be generated in a coil of resistance R due to a charge q passing through it if
the current in the coil decreases to zero uniformly during a time interval t
4 q2R q2R 2q 2 R 2t
(A) (B) ln (C) (D) ln
3 t 2t 3t q 2R
Q.38 The variation of current (I) and voltage (V) is as shown in figure A. The variation
of power P with current I is best shown by which of the following graph
Q.39 When an ammeter of negligible internal resistance is inserted in series with circuit it reads 1A. When the
voltmeter of very large resistance is connected across X it reads 1V. When the point A and B are shorted
by a conducting wire, the voltmeter measures 10 V across the battery. The internal resistance of the
battery is equal to
(A) zero (B) 0.5
(C) 0.2 (D) 0.1
i 2i
Q.40 In the box shown current i enters at H and leaves at C. If iAB = , iDC = ,
6 3
i i i
iHA = , iGF = , iHE = , choose the branch in which current is zero
2 6 6
(A) BG (B) FC (C) ED (D) none
Q.41 A cell of emf E has an internal resistance r & is connected to rheostat. When resistance R of rheostat is
changed correct graph of potential difference across it is
Q.42 The battery in the diagram is to be charged by the generator G. The generator has
a terminal voltage of 120 volts when the charging current is10 amperes. The battery
has an emf of 100 volts and an internal resistance of 1 ohm. In order to charge the
battery at 10 amperes charging current, the resistance R should be set at
(A) 0.1 (B) 0.5
(C) 1.0 (D) 5.0
Q.43 In a galvanometer, the deflection becomes one half when the galvanometer is
shunted by a 20 resistor. The galvanometer resistance is
(A) 5 (B)10
(C)40 (D)20
Q.44 A galvanometer has a resistance of 20 and reads full-scale when 0.2 V is applied across it. To convert
it into a 10 A ammeter, the galvanometer coil should have a
(A) 0.01 resistor connected across it (B) 0.02 resistor connected across it
(C) 200 resistor connected in series with it (D) 2000 resistor connected in series with it
Q.46 A galvanometer coil has a resistance 90 and full scale deflection current 10 mA. A 910 resistance is
connected in series with the galvanometer to make a voltmeter. If the least count of the voltmeter is 0.1V,
the number of divisions on its scale is
(A) 90 (B) 91 (C) 100 (D) none
Q.47 In the circuit shown the resistance of voltmeter is 10,000 ohm and that of ammeter
is 20 ohm. The ammeter reading is 0.10 Amp and voltmeter reading is 12 volt.
Then R is equal to
(A) 122 (B) 140 (C) 116 (D)100
Q.48 By error, a student places moving-coil voltmeter V (nearly ideal) in series with
the resistance in a circuit in order to read the current, as shown. The voltmeter
reading will be
(A) 0 (B) 4V (C) 6V (D) 12V
Q.49 ln a balanced wheat stone bridge, current in the galvanometer is zero. It remains zero when:
[1] battery emf is increased
[2] all resistances are increased by 10 ohms
[3] all resistances are made five times
[4] the battery and the galvanometer are interchanged
(A) only [1] is correct (B) [1], [2] and [3] are correct
(C) [1], [3] and [4] are correct (D) [1] and [3] are correct
Q.50 A Wheatstone's bridge is balanced with a resistance of 625 in the third arm,
where P, Q and S are in the 1st, 2nd and 4th arm respectively. If P and Q are
interchanged, the resistance in the third arm has to be increased by 51 to
secure balance. The unknown resistance in the fourth arm is
(A) 625 (B) 650 (C) 676 (D) 600
Q.51 In the figure shown for gives values of R1 and R2 the balance point for
Jockey is at 40 cm from A. When R2 is shunted by a resistance of 10 ,
balance shifts to 50 cm. R1 and R2 are (AB = 1 m):
10
(A) , 5 (B) 20 , 30
3
15
(C) 10 , 15 (D) 5 ,
2
Q.52 The figure shows a metre-bridge circuit, with AB = 100 cm, X = 12
and R = 18, and the jockey J in the position of balance.
If R is now made 8, through what distance will J have to be moved to
obtain balance?
(A) 10 cm (B) 20 cm (C) 30 cm (D) 40 cm
Q.54 A potentiometer wire has length 10 m and resistance 10. It is connected to a battery of EMF 11 volt
and internal resistance 1 , then the potential gradient in the wire is
(A) 10 V/m (B) 1 V/m (C) 0.1 V/m (D) none
Q.55 The length of a potentiometer wire is l. A cell of emf E is balanced at a length l/3 from the positive end of
the wire. If the length of the wire is increased by l/2. At what distance will the same cell give a balance
point.
2l l l 4l
(A) (B) (C) (D)
3 2 6 3
Q.56 An ammeter A of finite resistance, and a resistor R are joined in series to an ideal
cell C. A potentiometer P is joined in parallel to R. The ammeter reading is I0
and the potentiometer reading is V0. P is now replaced by a voltmeter of finite
resistance. The ammeter reading now is I and the voltmeter reading is V.
(A) I > I0, V < V0 (B) I > I0, V = V0
(C) I = I0, V < V0 (D) I < I0, V =V0
Q.59 In the arrangement shown in figure when the switch S2 is open, the
galvanometer shows no deflection for l = L/2. When the switch S2 is
closed, the galvanometer shows no deflection for l = 5L 12 . The internal
resistance (r) of 6 V cell, and the emf E of the other battery are
respectively
(A) 3, 8V (B) 2, 12V
(C) 2, 24V (D) 3, 12V
Q.60 Which of the following wiring diagrams could be used to experimentally determine R using ohm's law?
Assume an ideal voltmeter and an ideal ammeter.
Q.2 Statement-1 : Potential difference across the terminals of a battery is always less than its emf.
Statement-2 : A battery always has some internal resistance.
(A) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true and statement-2 is correct explanation for statement-1.
(B) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true and statement-2 is NOT the correct explanation for statement-1.
(C) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is false.
(D) Statement-1 is false, statement-2 is true.
Q.3 Statement-1 : Knowing that rating is done at steady state of the filament, an electric bulb connected to
a source having rated voltage consumes more than rated power just after it is switched
on.
Statement-2 : When filament is at room temperature its resistance is less than its resistance when the
bulb is fully illuminated
(A) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true and statement-2 is correct explanation for statement-1.
(B) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true and statement-2 is NOT the correct explanation for statement-1.
(C) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is false.
(D) Statement-1 is false, statement-2 is true.
Q.4 Statement-1 : When a battery is supplying power to a circuit, work done by electrostatic forces on
electrolyte ions inside the battery is positive
Statement-2 : Electric field is directed from positive to negative electrode inside a battery
(A) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true and statement-2 is correct explanation for statement-1.
(B) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true and statement-2 is NOT the correct explanation for statement-1.
(C) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is false.
(D) Statement-1 is false, statement-2 is true.
Q.5 Statement-1: Conductivity of a metallic conductor decreases with increase in temperature.
Statement-2: On increasing temperature the number of free electrons in the metallic conductor
decreases.
(A) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true and statement-2 is correct explanation for statement-1.
(B) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true and statement-2 is NOT the correct explanation for statement-1.
(C) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is false.
(D) Statement-1 is false, statement-2 is true.
(A) the current at the cross-section P equals the current at the cross-section Q
(B) the electric field intensity at P is less than that at Q.
(C) the rate of heat generated per unit time at Q is greater than that at P
(D) the number of electrons crossing per unit area of cross-section at P is less than that at Q.
Q.2 Which of the following quantities do not change when an ohmic resistor connected to a battery is heated
due to the current?
(A) drift speed (B) resistivity (C) resistance (D) number of free electrons
Q.3 A current passes through an ohmic conductor of nonuniform cross section. Which of the following
quantities are independent of the cross-section?
(A) the charge crossing in a given time interval. (B) drift speed
(C) current density (D) free-electron density
Q.4 In the circuit shown E, F, G and H are cells of e.m.f. 2V, 1V, 3V
and 1V respectively and their internal resistances are 2, 1,
3 and 1 respectively.
(A) VD – VB = – 2/13 V
(B) VD – VB = 2/13 V
(C) VG = 21/13 V = potential difference across G.
(D) VH = 19/13 V = potential difference across H.
Q.6 A battery is of emf E is being charged from a charger such that positive terminal of the battery is connected
to terminal A of charger and negative terminal of the battery is connected to terminal B of charger. The
internal resistance of the battery is r.
(A) Potential difference across points A and B must be more than E.
(B) A must be at higher potential than B
(C) In battery, current flows from positive terminal to the negative terminal
(D) No current flows through battery
Q.7 A simple circuit contains an ideal battery and a resistance R. If a second resistor is placed in parallel with
the first,
(A) the potential across R will decrease (B) the current through R will decreased
(C) the current delivered by the battery will increase (D) the power dissipated by R will increased.
Q.8 The equivalent resistance of a group of resistances is R. If another resistance is connected in parallel to
the group , its new equivalent becomes R1 & if it is connected in series to the group , its new equivalent
becomes R2 we have :
(A) R1 > R (B) R1 < R (C) R2 > R (D) R2 < R
Q.9 Two identical fuses are rated at 10A. If they are joined
(A) in parallel, the combination acts as a fuse of rating 20A
(B) in parallel, the combination acts as a fuse of rating 5A
(C) in series, the combination acts as a fuse of rating 10A.
(D) in series, the combination acts as a fuse of rating 20A.
Q.11 The value of the resistance R in figure is adjusted such that power
dissipated in the 2 resistor is maximum. Under this condition
(A) R = 0
(B) R = 8
(C) power dissipated in the 2 resistor is 72 W.
(D) power dissipated in the 2 resistor is 8 W.
Q.12 A galvanometer may be converted into ammeter or voltmeter. In which of the following cases the resistance
of the device will be the largest ? (Asssume maximum range of galvanometer = 1 mA)
(A) an ammeter of range 10A (B) a voltmeter of range 5 V
(C) an ammeter of range 5 A (D) a voltmeter of range 10 V.
Q.14 In the circuit shown the readings of ammeter and voltmeter are 4A and
20V respectively. The meters are non ideal, then R is :
(A) 5 (B) less than 5
(C) greater than 5 (D) between 4 & 5
Q.15 A micrometer has a resistance of 100 and a full scale range of 50A. It can be used as a voltmeter or
a higher range ammeter provided a resistance is added to it. Pick the correct range and resistance
combination(s).
(A) 50 V range with 10 k resistance in series. (B) 10 V range with 200 k resistance in series.
(C) 5 mA range with 1 resistance in parallel. (D) 10 mA range with 1 k resistance in parallel.
Q.16 In a potentiometer wire experiment the emf of a battery in the primary circuit is 20V and its internal
resistance is 5. There is a resistance box in series with the battery and the potentiometer wire, whose
resistance can be varied from 120 to 170. Resistance of the potentiometer wire is 75. The following
potential differences can be measured using this potentiometer.
(A) 5V (B) 6V (C) 7V (D) 8V
Q.18 Electrons are emitted by a hot filament and are accelerated by an electric field as shown in figure. The
two stops at the left ensure that the electron beam has a uniform cross-section. Match the entries of
column-I with column-II as electron move from A to B :
E
A B
Column-I Column-II
(A) Speed of an electron (P) Inreases
(B) Number of free electrons per unit volume (Q) Decreases
(C) Current density (R) Remains same
(D) Electric potential (S) any of the above is possible
ANSWER KEY
EXERCISE # I
22
Q.1 1 Q.2 I = 2.5 A, V = 3.5 Volts Q.3 Q.4 12A, –20W
35
3r
Q.5 R1R 2 Q.6 Q.7 4 Q.8 1 Q.9 600
5
10
Q.15 , 5 Q.16 20 ohm Q.17 7.5 m, 8.75m, 6.25m
3
EXERCISE # II
R2 3
Q.1 (a) J0A/3; (b) 2J0A/3 Q.2 Q.3 (i) 10.52; (ii) 0.3125
R1 5
Q.4 (i)
(k 1) 2
;
k
(ii)
(k 1) k 2 V0
Q.5 4/9 kg/sec., 450 sec
k ( k 1) R3
0 L 1 V0 A e V (e x / L e 1 )
Q.7 R= 1 ; I = ;V= 0
A e 0 L e 1 1 e 1
22 5
Q.8 7.2 m Q.10 – Vn Q.11 eff =
9 4
EXERCISE # III
Q.5 A Q.6 A
Q.7 Battery should be connected across A and B. Out put can be taken across the terminals A and C or B and C
Voltmeter
106
G1
100
Ammeter
E
Q.11 B Q.12 D Q.13 This is true for r1= r2; So R2 given most accurate value