Dpp+Module: Class - 12

PHYSICS
CLASS - 12th
DPP+MODULE
Photo Electric Effect &
Dual Nature of Matter
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DPP No. - 01
On Photon
Q.1 Let nr and nb be respectively the number of Q.6 The frequency of a photon of momentum p
photons emitted by a red bulb and a blue will be -
bulb of equal power in a given time pc ph
(A) (B)
(A) nr = nb h c
(B) nr < nb mh mc
(C) (D)
(C) nr > nb c h
(D) the information is insufficient to get a Q.7 If the energy of a photon of light of frequency
relation between nr and nb  is E and its momentum is P, then the velocity
of light is-
Q.2 Four elements A, B, C, D have work function 2, (A) EP (B) E/P

2.4, 2.8, 3.2 eV. Light of wavelength 4000 Å is (C) P/E (D) 1/EP
incident on them. The elements which emit
photo electrons are
Q.8 The momentum of photon of wavelength 0.01
(A) A, B, C, D (B) A, B, C Å will be -
(C) A, B (D) A
(A) h (B) 10-2 h
(C) 1012 h (D) 102 h
Q.3 The equation E = pc is valid
(A) for an electron as well as for photon
Q.9 The energy of a photon (in ev) of wavelength
(B) for an electron but not for a photon
5000 Å will be -
(C) for a photon but not for an electron
(A) 2.48 ev (B) 8.42 ev
(D) neither for an electron nor for a photon
(C) zero (D) 4.82 ev
Q.4 If E and p are the respective energy and

Q.10 The wavelength of a photon of momentum
momentum of a photon, then on reducing the
6.6 × 10–24 Kg- m/s will be -
wavelength of the photon,
(A) 10 Å (B) 1 Å
(A) both p and E will decrease
(C) 100 Å (D) 1000 Å
(B) both p and E will increase
(C) p will increase but E will decrease
(D) p will decrease but E will increase
Q.5 The momentum of photon of energy 1. Mev

will approximately be - Answer Key for DPP No. - 01
(A) 10-22 Kg-m/s Q. 1 2 3 4 5
(B) 5 × 10–22 Kg-m/s A. C B C B B
(C) 3 × 106 Kg-m/s Q. 6 7 8 9 10
(D) 0 A. B
A B C A
DPP No. - 02
Laws of PEE
Q.1 Photoelectric effect was discovered by Q.8 The work-function of a photo-electric material
(A) Hallwachs (B) Einstein is 3.3 eV. The threshold frequency will be
(C) Planck (D) Bohr equal to
Q.2 Photoelectric effect was explained by (A) 8 × 1014 Hz (B) 5 × 1036 Hz
(A) Newton (B) Einstein (C) 8 × 1010 Hz (D) 4 × 1011 Hz
(C) Planck (D) Bohr
Q.3 A surface ejects electrons when illuminated Q.9 Photo electron emitted from the surface of
by blue light but none with green light. Then sodium metal are
photo emission is possible by light of which of (A) of equal frequency
the folliwng colours (B) of equal kinetic energy
(A) violet (B) red (C) of equal De-Broglie’s wavelength
(C) yellow (D) infra-red
(D) having velocities which changes from zero
Q.4 Dual nature of radiation is shown by to a fixed maximum value
(A) diffraction and reflection
(B) refraction and diffraction
Q.10 The photoelectric effect can not be explained
(C) photo-electric effect alone by the wave theory of light because
(D) photo electric effect and diffraction
(A) the energy carried by the light waves is
Q.5 If the work-function of the metal is  and the not given to a particular electron of the
frequency of incident light is , there is no metal, rather it is distributed among all the
emission of photoelectrons when electrons present on the surface of metal
(A)  < (/h) (B)  = (/h) (B) waves do not have energy
(C)  > (/h) (D)   (/h)
(C) energy of the waves becomes zero as it
1
Q.6 In photoelectric equation h = h0 + mv2 of strikes the metal surface
2
Einstein which classical law is followed
(D) waves do not have sufficient energy which
(A) conservation of momentum is required for electron emission
(B) conservation of energy
(C) conservation of charge
(D) conservation of mass
Q.7 In photoelectric effect, emitted electrons are
(A) those which are moving in a shell near to
the nucleus
(B) those which are present in the nucleus Answer Key for DPP No. - 02
(C) those which are moving freely in the inter Q. 1 2 3 4 5
atomic distance
A. A B A D A
(D) those which are produced from neutron
Q. 6 7 8 9 10
disintegration
A. B C A D A
DPP No. - 03
Laws of PEE, Graphs
Q.1 Which of the following statement is wrong Q.7 In the diagram , graph are
V
drawn between stopping 0 K
(A) photoelectric current depends on intensity
potential V0 and frequency  Ca
(B) the maximum kinetic energy of emitted for the elements K and Ca.
electrons can be equal to eVs where Vs is According this to diagram
stopping potential 
(A) the work functions of K and
(C) at stopping potential on increasing the Ca are equal
intensity of light photoelectric current
(B) the work function of K is greater than that of
increases
Ca
(D) the maximum energy of photoelectron does
(C) the work function of K is less than that of Ca
not depend on the intensity of light
(D) no inforamton can be obtained about the work
Q.2 Energy of a photon is 20eV then its momentum
function
is
Q.8 In the following figure the curves have been drawn
(A) 5.33 × 10–27 kg-m/sec
between the photoelectric current and the potential
(B) 10.66 × 10–25 kg-m/sec
difference applied at the cathode with respect to
(C) 10.66 × 10–27 kg-m/sec anode at four different intensities, the stopping
(D) 5.33 × 10–30 kg-m/sec potential is represented by I I4
Q.3 Two photons of 2.5eV are incident on the surface (A) OA
E I3
of metal. If the work function of metal is 4.5 eV D I2
(B) OB C
I1
B
then from surface
(C) OC
(A) one electron is emitted (D) OD A
(B) two electron are emitted
O V
(C) no electron is emitted
Q.9 In the given diagram if V represent the stopping
(D) more than two electrons are emitted
potential and wavelength of incident light is . If
Q.4 Photocell is a device to V2 > V1 then i
(A) store photons (A) 1 = 2
(B) measure light intensity (B) 1 > 2
2
(C) convert photon energy into electrical energy (C) 1 < 2 1
(D) store electrical energy for replacing storage (D) none of these
batteries. V2 V1 O V
Q.5 Light of frequency 1.5 times the threshold Q.10 For a photoelectric cell, the graph showing the
frequency is incident on photo-sensitive material. variation of cut off voltage (V0) with frequency ()
If the frequency is halved and intensity is doubled, of incident light is
the photo-current becomes
(A) quadrupled (B) doubled (i) (ii) V0
V0
(C) halved (D) zero
Q.6 The graph between the energy of photoelectrons
 
(E) and the wavelength of incident light () is
E E V0
V0
(iii) (iv)
(A) (B)
 
 
(A) (i) (B) (ii)
(C) (iii) (D) (iv)
(C) E (D) E
Answer Key for DPP No. - 03
  Q. 1 2 3 4 5
A. C C C C D
Q. 6 7 8 9 10
DPP No. - 04
Stopping potential and K.E. of Electrons
Q.1 The work function of a metal is 1eV. On
(A) +0.35V (B) -0.35 V
making light of wavelength 3000Å incident on
(C) +0.40V (D) -0.40V
this metal, the velocity of photoelectrons
Q.7 Silver has a work function of 4.7 eV. When
emitted from the metal, in m/s will be -
ultraviolet light of wavelength 100 nm is
(A) 102 (B) 103 (C) 106 (D) 104
incident upon it, a potential of 7.7 volt is
Q.2 The threshold wavelength for photoelectric required to stop the photoelectrons from
emission in tungsten is 230nm. W hat reaching the collector plate. The potential
wavelength of light must be used in order for required to stop photo electrons when light
electrons to be ejected with a maximum kinetic of wavelength 200 nm is incident upon silver
energy 1.5 eV ? is
(A) 179 nm (B) 180 nm (A) 1.5 V (B) 1.85 V
(C) 169 nm (D) 170 nm (C) 1.95 V (D) 2.37 V
Q.3 If the wavelength of incident light decrease Q.8 The K.E. of the photoelectrons is E when the
from  1 to  2 in photoelctric cell then incident wavelength is /2. The K.E. becomes
corresponding chages in stopping potential 2E when the incident wavelength is /3. The
will be work function of the metal is
(A) an increase of (hc/e) (1/2 – 1/1) hc 2hc
(B) a decrease of (hc/e) (1/2 – 1/1) (A) (B)
 
(C) an increase of (hc) (1/2 – 1/1)
3hc hc
(D) a decrease of (hc) (1/2 – 1/1) (C) (D)
 3
Q.4 The retarding potential for having zero Q.9 Electrons of 0.5 eV energy are emitted from
photoelectron current – a metal surface when photons of wavelength
(A) Is proportional to the wavelength of 3000Å are incident. The energy of electrons,
incident light when photons of 2000Å are incident will be
(B) Increases uniformly with the increase in (A) equal to 0.5eV
the wavelength of incident light (B) higher then 0.5eV
(C) Increases uniformly with the increase in (C) less then 0.5eV
the frequency of incident light wave (D) none of the above
(D) Is proportional to the frequency of incident Q.10 If the frequency of light in a photoelectric
light experiment is doubled, the stopping potential
Q.5 In photoelectric effect work function of any will
metal is 2.5eV. Emitted electrons are stopped (A) be doubled
by the potential of -1.5 volt then (B) be halved
(A) energy of incident photons is 4eV (C) become more than double
(B) energy of incident photons is 1eV (D) become less than double
(C) photoelectric current increases when we
use photons of high frequency Answer Key for DPP No. - 04
(D) none of the above Q. 1 2 3 4 5
Q.6 If the wavelenght of incident light changes A. C A A C A
from 4000Aº to 3600Aº, change in stopping
Q. 6 7 8 9 10
potential will be
A. A A A B C
DPP No. - 05
Photoelectric Effect
Q.1 What is the maximum K.E. with which electrons Q.6 The work functions for three different metals
are released if the photoelectric current stops A,B,C, are W A,W B and W C respectively with W A
when the collecting wire in the photo cell is one > W B > W C. The graphs between stopping
volt negative with respect to the emitting metal ? potential (v0) and frequency () for them would
(A) 1 joule (B) 1. 6 × 10–19 joule look like A B
CB A C
(C) 1 erg (D) 1 × 10-7 erg
V0 V0
Q.2 The threshold frequency for a certain metal is 0.
(A) (B)
When frequency of incident radiation is 20, the
maximum velocity of photoelectrons is 3 × 10 6 

ms–1. If the frequency of incident radiation is
C A
increased to 100, then the maximum velocity of
B B
photoelectrons will be (C) (D) V
A C
(A) 3 × 106 ms–1 (B) 6 × 106 ms–1 V0 0
(C) 9 × 10 ms6 –1 (D) 12 × 106 ms–1

Q.3 The frequency and intensity of a light source are  
both doubled. consider the following statements
Q.7 Light from a hydrogen discharge tube is incident
(i) The saturation photocurrent remains almost the
on the cathode of a photoelectric cell. The work
same
function of the cathode surface is 4.2 eV. In
(ii)The maximum kinetic energy of the order to reduce the photocurrent to zero, the
photoelectrons is doubled voltage of the anode relative to the cathode must
(A) both (i) and (ii) are true be made
(B) (i) is true but (ii) is false (A) –4.2 V (B) –9.4 V (C) –17.8 V (D) +9.4 V
(C) (i) is false but (ii) is true Q.8 Tick the incorrect statement
(D) Both (i) and (ii) are false
(A)One photon of incident light when absorbed,
one electron is ejected out of metal surface
Q.4 Two radiations containing photons of energy twice (B)The number of electrons emitted in
and five times the work function of a metal are photoelectric effect must be equal to the
incident successively on the metal surface. The number of photons falling on the surface
ratio of the maximum velocities of the emitted
(C)Work function of different metals is different
electrons in the two cases will be
(D)The photoelectric effect is explained on the
(A) 1 : 3 (B) 1 : 4
basis of quantum theory of radiation.
(C) 1 : 2 (D) 1 : 1
Q.9 W hen stopping potential is applied in an
Q.5 For a certain metal  is twice 0 & electrons
experiment on photoelectric effect, no
come out with a maximum veloicty of
photocurrent is observed. This means that
4 × 108 cm/sec. If the value of  is 50 the
(A) the emission of photoelectrons is stopped
maximum velocity of the photoelectrons in cm/
sec will be (B) the photoelectrons are emitted but are
reabsorbed by the emitter metal
4 (C) the photoelectrons are accumulated near the
(A) × 108 (B) 2 × 107
5 collector plate
(C) 8 × 108 (D) 20 × 108 (D) the photoelectrons are dispersed from the
sides of the apparatus
Q.10 When the intensity of a light source is increased
Answer Key for DPP No. - 05 (a) the number of photons emitted by the source
in unit time increases
Q. 1 2 3 4 5
(b) the total energy of the photons emitted per
A. B C B C C unit time increases
(c) more energetic photons are emitted
Q. 6 7 8 9 10
(d) faster photons are emitted
A. A B B B A (A) a,b (B) a,c (C) a,d (D) b,d
DPP No. - 06
Photoelectric Effect
Q.1 The cathode of a photoelectric cell is changed Q.6 Light of wavelength 5000Aº and intensity
such that the work function changes from W 1 3.98 mW/cm 2 is incident on a light sensitive
to W 2 (W 2 > W 1). If the current before and surface. If 1% photons of incident light cause
after changes are I1 and I2 all other conditions emission of the phoelectrons , then how many
remaining unchanged, then (assuming h > electrons will be emitted from 1m 2 area of the
W 2) surface in one second?
(A) I1 = I2 (B) I1 < I2 (A) 1016 (B) 1018
(C) I1 > I2 (D) I1 < I2 < 2I1 (C) 1020 (D) 1022
Q.2 A photon of energy h is absorbed by a free Q.7 The electric field associated with a light wave
electron of a metal having work function isE = E0sin [1.57 × 107 (x – ct)] where x is in
 < h metre and t is in second. If this ligh is used
(A) The electron is sure to come out to produce photoelectric emission from the
(B) The electron is sure to come out with a surface of a metal of work function
kinetic energy h -  1.9 eV, then the stopping potential will be
(C) Either the electron does not come out or (A) 1.2 V (B) 1.5 V
it comes out with a kinetic energy h -  (C) 1.75 V (D) 1.9 V
(D) It may come out with a kinetic energy less Q.8 When light of intensity 1 W/m 2 and wavelength
than h -  5 × 10–7 m is incidnet on a surface. It is
completely absorbed by the surface. If 100
Q.3 Two indentical metal plates show photoelectric
photons emit one electron and area of the
effect. Light of wavelength A falls on plate
surface is 1cm 2, then the photoelectric current
A and B falls on plate B. will be
 A = 2 B . The maximum K.E. of the
(A) 2mA (B) 0.4 A
photoelectrons are K A and K B respectively.
Which one of the following is true ? (C) 4.0 mA (D) 4 A
(A) 2KA = KB (B) KA = 2KB Q.9 Photoelectrons of energy 2eV are emitted
from a metal surface when photons of energy
(C) KA < KB/2 (D) KA > 2KB
5eV are incident on it. What will be the energy
Q.4 Mark the wrong statement of emitted photoelectrons when photons of
(A) One photon of frequency greater than the energy 6eV are incident on it ?
threshold may eject two photo electrons (A) 3eV (B) 4 eV
from a metal surface (C) 2 eV (D) 5 eV
(B) the number of photo electrons emitted Q.10 If 5% of the energy supplied to a bulb is
from a metal surface is always equal to radiated as visible light, how many quanta
the number of photons of frequency above are emitted per sec by a 100 watt lamp?
threshold falling on the metal surface
Assume wavelenght of visible light as
(C) Work function of a metal surface does not 5.6 × 10-5 cm
depend on surface impurities and
(A) 1.4 × 1019 (B) 2.0 × 10-4
temperature
(D) all of the above are wrong. (C) 1.4 × 10-19 (D) 2.0 × 104
Q.5 In a photoelectron experiment , the stopping
potential for the photoelectrons is 2V for the
incident light of wavlength 400 nm. If the
incident light is changed to 300 nm , the cut Answer Key for DPP No. - 06
off potential is
Q. 1 2 3 4 5
8
(A) 2V (B) greater than
3
V A. A D C D B
(C)
8
V (D) zero Q. 6 7 8 9 10
3
A. B A B A A
DPP No. - 07
De-Broglie Hypothosis
Q.1 If the value of Planck’s constant is more than Q.7 The mass of a particle is m kg. If mass is
its present value then the De-Broglie increased nine times keeping its energy
wavelength associated with a material particle constant, then the de-Broblie wavelength
will be - associated with it will
(A) more (A) Remain unchanged
(B) less (B) become half
(C) same (C) become one third
(D) more for light particles and less for heavy (D) become nine times
particles Q.8 The velocity at which the mass of a particle
Q.2 A moving car of 2000kg mass and velocity of becomes twice its rest mass, will be -
30 m/sec has associated de-Broglie
2c c
wavelength given is (A) (B)
3 2
(A) 10–38m (B) 6.62 × 10–34 m
c 3 3c
(C) 1.1 × 10–38m (D) 1.1 × 10–38cm (C) (D)
2 4
Q.3 A particle of rest mass m 0 moves with a speed Q.9 The mass of electron varies with -
c. The de-Broglie wavelength associated with
(A) Electron velocity
it will be
(B) The size of cathode ray tube
(A) zero (B) infinite
(C) Variation of g
h m0 c
(C) m c (D) (D) The size of electron
0 h
Q.10 The energies of an photon and an electron
Q.4 The wave associated with each moving
of mass m are same. The ratio of wave
material particle are :
lengths associated with them will be:
(A) probability waves
(B) mechanical waves (A) c E / 2m (B) 2mc / E
(C) electromagnetic waves
(D) imaginary waves (C) c 2m / E (D) E / 2mc
Q.5 The wave nature of electron was verified by

(A) photoelectric effect
(B) compton effect
(C) the incidence of electron on metallic
surface
(D) diffraction of electron by crystal Answer Key for DPP No. - 07
Q.6 The waves associated with electrons revolving Q. 1 2 3 4 5
in various Bohr orbits in an atom are - A. A C A A D
(A) transverse (B) longitudinal Q. 6 7 8 9 10
(C) progressive (D) stationary
A. D C C A C
DPP No. - 08
Davisson and Germer's experiment
1
Q.1 In Davisson-Germer experiment maximum (A) 10 (B)
10
intensity is observed at -
1
(A) 50º and 54 volt (B) 54º and 50 volt (C) 100 (D)
100
(C) 50º and 50volt (D) 65º and 50 volt
Q.7 The ionization chamber used is Davission-
Q.2 The interatomic distance between atoms in a
Germer experiment, acts as
crystal is 2.8Å. Then if such a crystal is used
(A) emitter (B) collector
in Davisson-Germer experiment, the maximum
(C) source (D) radiator
order of diffraction that can be observed for
Q.8 A double slit interference experiment is
a beam of electrons accelerated by 100V shall
performed by a beam of electrons of energy
be
100eV and the fringe spacing is observed to
(A) n = 1 (B) n = 2
be . Now if the electrons energy is increased
(C) n = 10 (D) n = 
to 10keV, then the fringe spacing -
Q.3 The angle between the incident and the
(A) remains the same
diffracted electron in the Davisson-Germer
(B) becomes 10
experiment is called as :
(C) becomes 100
(A) angle of incidence
(D) becomes /10
(B) angle of diffraction
Q.9 In Thomoson’s experiment
(C) angle of scattering
(A) electrons are diffracted by a gold foil
(D) none of the above
(B) diffraction pattern has clear concentric
Q.4 In Davisson- Germer experiment Ni crystal acts
rings around central bright spot
as :
(C) there are large number of tiny crystals in
(A) an ideal reflector
metals which are randomly oriented in
(B) three dimensional diffraction grating
space due to which rings are formed in
(C) an ideal absorber
the diffraction
(D) two dimensional diffraction grating
(D) all the above are correct
Q.5 In Davisson-Germer experiment the relation
between Bragg’s angle  and diffraction angle
 is :
90 o  
(A)  = 90º –  (B)  =
2
 180 o   
 
(C)  = 180º –  (D)  =  
 2  Answer Key for DPP No. - 08
Q.6 The distance between two consecutive atoms Q. 1 2 3 4 5
of the crystal lattice is 1.227Å. The maximum A. A B B B D
order of diffraction of electrons accelerated Q. 6 7 8 9 10
through 104 volt will be - A. A B D D
Photo Electric Effect & Dual Nature of Matter

LEARN THE SUBJECT (LTS)-1
PHOTO ELECTRIC EFFECT
1. The threshold frequency for a certain metal is 7. When light of wavelength 400 nm is incident
3 . 3
14 Hz. If light of frequency 8.2 × 1014
× 1 0 on the cathode of a photocell, the stopping
Hz is incident on the metal, predict the cut off potential recorded is 6V. If the wavelength of
voltage for photoelectric emission. Given the incident light is increased to 600 nm,
h = 6.63 × 10–34 Js; e = 1.6 × 10–19 C. calculate the new stopping potential.
2. The work function of caesium is 2.14 eV. Find [Given, h = 6.6 × 10–34 Js; c = 3 × 108 m/s;
(a) the threshold frequency for caesium and e = 1.6 × 10–19 C]
(b) the wavelength of the incident light if the 8. The light photons of energy 1 eV and 3 eV
photocurrent is brought to zero by a respectively are made incident on a metallic
stopping potential of 0.60 V. plate of work function 0.5eV one after the other.
Given h = 6.63 × 10–34 Js. Find the ratio of maximum kinetic energy of
(NCERT, Example) photoelectrons emitted by them.
3. Light of wave length 5000 Å falls on a sensitive 9. Find the difference of kinetic energies of
plate with photo electric work function = 1.90 photoelectrons emitted from a surface by light
eV. Find (i) energy of the photon in eV (ii) kinetic of wavelengths 2500 Å and 5000 Å.
energy of the photoelectrons emitted and (iii) [h = 6.62 × 10–34 Js].
stopping potential. Given h = 6.62 × 10–34 Js. 10. The electric field associated with a light wave
1eV = 1.6 × 10–19 J. is given by E = E0 sin [(1.57 × 107 m–1) (ct – x)]
4. (a) The work function for the surface of Find the stopping potential when this light is
aluminium is 4.2 eV. How much potential used in an experiment on photoelectric effect
difference will be required to stop the with the emitter having work function
emission of maximum energy electrons 2.1 eV. h = 6.63 × 10–34 Js.
emitted by light of 2000 Å wavelength ? 11. A parallel beam of monochromatic light of
(b) What will be the wavelength of that incident wavelength 660 nm is incident on a totally
light for which stopping potential will be reflecting plane mirror. The angle of incidence
zero? h = 6.6 × 10–34 Js, c = 3 × 108 ms–1. is 60º and the number of photons striking the
5. In a photoelectric effect experiment, for mirror per second is 2.0 × 1019. Calculate the
radiation with frequency 0, with h0 = 8eV, force exerted by the light beam on the mirror.
electrons are emitted with energy 2eV. What is h = 6.6 × 10–34 Js.
the energy of the electrons emitted for incoming
radiation of frequency 1.25 0 ?
6. Calculate the maximum kinetic energy of
electrons emitted from a photosensitive
surface of work function 3.2eV, for the incident
radiation of wavelength 300 nm. Given
h = 6.6 × 10–34 Js.
DUAL NATURE OF MATTER
1. Calculate the frequency associated with a 6. Calculate De-Broglie wavelength in nm
photon of energy 3.3 × 10–20 J. associated with a ball of mass 66 g moving with
( h = 6.6 × 10–34 Js). a velocity 2.5 × 105 ms–1.
2. Calculate the energy and momentum of a Given h = 6.6 × 10–34 Js.
photon of wavelength 6600 Å. (NCERT, Example)
(h = 6.6 × 10–34 Js, c = 3 × 108 ms–1). 7. The minimum light intensity that can be
3. Monochromatic light of frequency 6.0 × 1014 Hz perceived by the eye is about 10–10 Wm–2. Find
is produced by a laser. The power emitted is the number of photons of wavelength
2.0 × 10–3 W. 5.84 × 10–7 m that must enter the pupil, of area
(a) What is the energy of a photon in the light 10–4 m2 s–1 for vision. Given h = 6.6 × 10–34 Js.
beam ? 8. Calculate the frequency of a photon whose
(b) How many photons per second, on the energy is 50 eV. Given, h = 6.63 × 10–34 Js and
average, are h = 6.63 × 10–34 Js. e = 1.6 × 10–19 C.
(NCERT, Example) 9. Find the energy that should be added to an
4. The wavelength of light in the visible region is electron of energy 2 eV to reduce its de-Broglie
about 390 nm for violet colour, about 550 nm wavelength from 1 nm to 0.5 nm.
(average wavelength) for yellow green colour 10. The de-Broglie wavelength associated with
and about 760 nm for red colour. proton changes by 0.25%. If its momentum is
What are the energies of photon in eV at the changed by 9 × 10–26 kg ms–1, find the initial
(i) violet end (ii) average wavelength momentum of electron.
yellow-green colour and (iii) red end of the 11. A neutron is an uncharged particle of mass
visible spectrum ? (Take h = 6.63 × 10–34 Js 1.67 × 10 –27 kg. Calculate the de-Broglie
and 1eV = 1.6 × 10–19 J) wavelength of the neutron moving with a
(NCERT, Example) velocity, such that K.E. is 0.04 eV,
5. An electron, an particle, and a proton have h = 6.6 × 10–34 Js.
the same kinetic energy. Which of these
particles has the shortest, de-Broglie
wavelength ?
NCERT CORNER
1. Find the 9. The work function for a certain metal is 4.2 eV.
(a) maximum frequency, and Will this metal give photoelectric emission for
(b) minimum wavelength of X-rays produced by incident radiation of wavelength 330 nm?
30 kV electrons. 10. Light of frequency 7.21 × 1014 Hz is incident on a
2. The work function of caesium metal is 2.14 eV. metal surface. Electrons with a maximum speed
When light of frequency 6 ×1014 Hz is incident on of 6.0 × 105 m/s are ejected from the surface.
the metal surface, photoemission of electrons W hat is the threshold frequency for
occurs. What is the photoemission of electrons?
(a) maximum kinetic energy of the emitted 11. Light of wavelength 488 nm is produced by an
electrons, argon laser which is used in the photoelectric
(b) Stopping potential, and effect. When light from this spectral line is
(c) maximum speed of the emitted incident on the emitter, the stopping (cut-off)
photoelectrons? potential of photoelectrons is 0.38 V. Find the
3. The photoelectric cut-off voltage in a certain work function of the material from which the
experiment is 1.5 V. What is the maximum kinetic emitter is made.
energy of photoelectrons emitted? 12. Calculate the
4. Monochromatic light of wavelength 632.8 nm is (a) momentum, and
produced by a helium-neon laser. The power (b) de Broglie wavelength of the electrons
emitted is 9.42 mW. accelerated through a potential difference of
(a) Find the energy and momentum of each 56 V.
photon in the light beam, 13. What is the
(b) How many photons per second, on the (a) momentum,
average, arrive at a target irradiated by this (b) speed, and
beam? (Assume the beam to have uniform (c) de Broglie wavelength of an electron with
cross-section which is less than the target kinetic energy of 120 eV.
area ), and 14. The wavelength of light from the spectral
(c) How fast does a hydrogen atom have to travel emission line of sodium is 589 nm. Find the kinetic
in order to have the same momentum as that energy at which
of the photon? (a) an electron, and
5. The energy flux of sunlight reaching the surface (b) a neutron, would have the same de Broglie
of the earth is 1.388 × 103 W/m2 . How many wavelength.
photons (nearly) per square metre are incident 15. What is the de Broglie wavelength of
on the Earth per second? Assume that the (a) a bullet of mass 0.040 kg travelling at the
photons in the sunlight have an average speed of 1.0 km/s,
wavelength of 550 nm. (b) a ball of mass 0.060 kg moving at a speed of
6. In an experiment on photoelectric effect, the slope 1.0 m/s, and
of the cut-off voltage versus frequency of incident (c) a dust particle of mass 1.0 × 10–9kg drifting
light is found to be 4.12 × 10–15 V s. Calculate the with a speed of 2.2 m/s?
value of Planck’s constant. 16. An electron and a photon each have a
7. A 100W sodium lamp radiates energy uniformly wavelength of 1.00 nm. Find
in all directions. The lamp is located at the centre (a) their momenta,
of a large sphere that absorbs all the sodium light (b) the energy of the photon, and
which is incident on it. The wavelength of the (c) the kinetic energy of electron.
sodium light is 589 nm. (a) What is the energy 17. (a) For what kinetic energy of a neutron will
per photon associated with the sodium light? (b) the associated de Broglie wavelength be 1.40
At what rate are the photons delivered to the × 10–10 m?
sphere? (b) Also find the de Broglie wavelength of a
8. The threshold frequency for a certain metal is 3.3 neutron, in thermal equilibrium with matter,
× 1014 Hz. If light of frequency 8.2 × 1014 Hz is having an average kinetic energy of
incident on the metal, predict the cutoff voltage (3/2) k T at 300 K.
for the photoelectric emission.
18. Show that the wavelength of electromagnetic required in such a tube?
radiation is equal to the de Broglie wavelength of 24. In an accelerator experiment on high-energy
its quantum (photon). collisions of electrons with positrons, a certain
19. What is the de Broglie wavelength of a nitrogen event is interpreted as annihilation of an electron-
molecule in air at 300 K? Assume that the positron pair of total energy 10.2 BeV into two
molecule is moving with the root-meansquare -rays of equal energy. What is the wavelength
speed of molecules at this temperature. (Atomic associated with each -ray? (1BeV = 109 eV)
mass of nitrogen = 14.0076 u) 25. Estimating the following two numbers should be
20. (a) Estimate the speed with which electrons interesting. The first number will tell you why radio
emitted from a heated emitter of an evacuated engineers do not need to worry much about
tube impinge on the collector maintained at a photons! The second number tells you why our
potential difference of eye can never ‘count photons’, even in barely
500 V with respect to the emitter. Ignore the detectable light.
small initial speeds of the electrons. The (a) The number of photons emitted per second
specific charge of the electron, i.e., its e/m is by a Medium wave transmitter of 10 kW
given to be 1.76 × 1011 C kg–1. power, emitting radiowaves of wavelength 500
(b) Use the same formula you employ in (a) to m.
obtain electron speed for an collector potential (b) The number of photons entering the pupil of
of 10 MV. Do you see what is wrong? In what our eye per second corresponding to the
way is the formula to be modified? minimum intensity of white light that we
21. (a) A monoenergetic electron beam with electron humans can perceive (~10–10 W m–2). Take
speed of 5.20 × 106 m s–1 is subject to a the area of the pupil to be about 0.4 cm2, and
magnetic field of 1.30 × 10–4 T normal to the the average frequency of white light to be
beam velocity. What is the radius of the circle about 6 × 1014 Hz.
traced by the beam, given e/m for electron 26. Ultraviolet light of wavelength 2271 Å from a
equals 1.76 × 1011 C kg–1. 100 W mercury source irradiates a photo-cell
(b) Is the formula you employ in (a) valid for made of molybdenum metal. If the stopping
calculating radius of the path of a 20 MeV potential is –1.3 V, estimate the work function of
electron beam? If not, in what way is it the metal. How would the photo-cell respond to a
modified? high intensity (~105 W m–2) red light of wavelength
[Note : Question 20(b) and 21(b) take you to 6328 Å produced by a He-Ne laser?
relativistic mechanics which is beyond the 27. Monochromatic radiation of wavelength
scope of this book. They have been inserted 640.2 nm (1nm = 10–9 m) from a neon lamp
here simply to emphasise the point that the irradiates photosensitive material made of
formulas you use in part (a) of the exercises caesium on tungsten. The stopping voltage is
are not valid at very high speeds or energies. measured to be 0.54 V. The source is replaced
See answers at the end to know what ‘very by an iron source and its 427.2 nm line irradiates
high speed or energy’ means.] the same photo-cell. Predict the new stopping
22. An electron gun with its collector at a potential of voltage.
100 V fires out electrons in a spherical 28. A mercury lamp is a convenient source for
bulb containing hydrogen gas at low studying frequency dependence of photoelectric
pressure (~10–2 mm of Hg). A magnetic field of emission, since it gives a number of spectral lines
2.83 × 10–4 T curves the path of the electrons in a ranging from the UV to the red end of the visible
circular orbit of radius 12.0 cm. (The path can be spectrum. In our experiment with rubidium photo-
viewed because the gas ions in the path focus cell, the following lines from a mercury source
the beam by attracting electrons, and emitting light were used:
by electron capture; this method is known as the  1 = 3650 Å,  2 = 4047 Å,  3 = 4358 Å,
‘fine beam tube’ method.) Determine e/m from 4 = 5461 Å, 5 = 6907 Å. The stopping voltages,
the data. respectively, were measured to be :
23. (a) An X-ray tube produces a continuous spectrum V 01 = 1.28 V, V 02 = 0.95 V, V 03 = 0.74 V,
of radiation with its short wavelength end at V04 = 0.16 V, V05 = 0 V.
0.45 Å. What is the maximum energy of a Determine the value of Planck’s constant h, the
photon in the radiation? threshold frequency and work function for the
(b) From your answer to (a), guess what order material.
of accelerating voltage (for electrons) is
neutrons appears at the minute length-scale of
[Note: You will notice that to get h from the data,
10–15 m or less. This structure was first probed
you will need to know e (which you can take to
in early 1970’s using high energy electron
be 1.6 × 10–19 C). Experiments of this kind on
beams produced by a linear accelerator at
Na, Li, K, etc. were performed by Millikan, who,
Stanford, USA. Guess what might have been
using his own value of e (from the oil-drop
the order of energy of these electron beams.
experiment) confirmed Einstein’s photoelectric
(Rest mass energy of electron = 0.511 MeV.)
equation and at the same time gave an
35. Find the typical de Broglie wavelength
independent estimate of the value of h.]
associated with a He atom in helium gas at
29. The work function for the following metals is
room temperature (27 ºC) and 1 atm pressure;
given :
and compare it with the mean separation
Na : 2.75 eV; K : 2.30 eV; Mo : 4.17 eV;
between two atoms under these conditions.
Ni : 5.15 eV. Which of these metals will not give
36. Compute the typical de Broglie wavelength of
photoelectric emission for a radiation of
an electron in a metal at 27 ºC and compare
wavelength 3300 Å from a He-Cd laser placed 1
it with the mean separation between two
m away from the photocell? What happens if
electrons in a metal which is given to be about
the laser is brought nearer and placed 50 cm
2 × 10–10 m.
away ?
[Note : Question 35 and 36 reveal that while
30. Light of intensity 10–5 W m–2 falls on a sodium
the wave-packets associated with gaseous
photo-cell of surface area 2 cm2. Assuming that
molecules under ordinary conditions are non-
the top 5 layers of sodium absorb the incident
overlapping, the electron wave-packets in a
energy, estimate time required for photoelectric
metal strongly overlap with one another. This
emission in the wave-picture of radiation. The
suggests that whereas molecules in an ordinary
work function for the metal is given to be about
gas can be distinguished apart, electrons in a
2 eV. What is the implication of your answer?
metal cannot be distintguished apart from one
31. Crystal diffraction experiments can be
another. This indistinguishibility has many
performed using X-rays, or electrons
fundamental implications which you will explore
accelerated through appropriate voltage. Which
in more advanced Physics courses.]
probe has greater energy? (For quantitative
37. Answer the following questions :
comparison, take the wavelength of the probe
(a) Quarks inside protons and neutrons are
equal to 1 Å, which is of the order of inter-atomic
thought to carry fractional charges [(+2/3)e;
spacing in the lattice) (me = 9.11 × 10–31 kg).
(–1/3)e]. Why do they not show up in
32. (a) Obtain the de Broglie wavelength of a
Millikan’s oil-drop experiment?
neutron of kinetic energy 150 eV. As you
(b) What is so special about the combination
have seen in question 31, an electron beam
e/m? Why do we not simply talk of e and m
of this energy is suitable for crystal
separately?
diffraction experiments. Would a neutron
(c) Why should gases be insulators at ordinary
beam of the same energy be equally
pressures and start conducting at very low
suitable? Explain.
pressures?
(mn = 1.675 × 10–27 kg)
(d) Every metal has a definite work function.
(b) Obtain the de Broglie wavelength
Why do all photoelectrons not come out with
associated with thermal neutrons at room
the same energy if incident radiation is
temperature (27 ºC). Hence explain why a
monochromatic? Why is there an energy
fast neutron beam needs to be thermalised
distribution of photoelectrons?
with the environment before it can be used
(e) The energy and momentum of an electron
for neutron diffraction experiments.
are related to the frequency and wavelength
33. An electron microscope uses electrons
of the associated matter wave by the
accelerated by a voltage of 50 kV. Determine
the de Broglie wavelength associated with the h
relations : E = h , p 
electrons. If other factors (such as numerical 
aperture, etc.) are taken to be roughly the same, But while the value of  is physically
how does the resolving power of an electron significant, the value of  (and therefore, the
microscope compare with that of an optical value of the phase speed  ) has no
microscope which uses yellow light? physical significance. Why?
34. The wavelength of a probe is roughly a measure
of the size of a structure that it can probe in
some detail. The quark structure of protons and
ANSWER KEY
1. 2.03 V 2. (a) 5.16 × 1014 Hz. (b) 454 nm 3. (i) 2.482 eV, (ii) 0.582 eV, (iii) 0.582 volt
4. (a) 1.9875 V. (b) 2946 Å 5. 4eV 6. 0.925 eV 7. 2.97 eV
8. 1 : 5 –19
9. 3.96 × 10 J. 10. 1.0 V –8
11. 2 × 10 N

1. 5 × Hz. 1013 2. Energy = 3 × 10–19 J, Momentum = 10–27 kg ms–1.
15
3. 2.49 eV ; (b) 5.0 × 10 photons per second
4. (i) 3.19 eV, (ii) 2.26 eV, (iii) 1.64 eV 5.  is shortest for particle.
6. 4 × 10–29 nm. 7. 3 × 104 photons
16
8. 1.207 × 10 Hz. 9. 6eV
10. 3.6 × 10 –23 kg ms .–1 11. 1.43 Å
NCERT LEVEL
18
1. (a) 7.24 × 10 Hz (b) 0.041 nm
2. (a) 0.34 eV = 0.54 × 10–19 J (b) 0.34 V (c) 344 km/s
3. 1.5 eV = 2.4 × 10–19 J
4. (a)3.14 × 10–19 J, 1.05 × 10–27 kg m/s (b) 3 × 1016 photons/s (c) 0.63 m/s
5. 4 × 1021 photons/m2 s
6. 6.59 × 10–34 J s
7. (a) 3.38 × 10–19 J = 2.11 eV (b) 3.0 × 1020 photons/s
8. 2.0 V
9. No, because < 0
10. 4.73 × 1014 Hz
11. 2.16 eV = 3.46 × 10–19 J
12. (a) 4.04 × 10–24 kg m s–1 (b) 0.164 nm
13. (a) 5.92 × 10–24 kg m s–1 (b) 6.50 × 106 m s–1 (c) 0.112 nm
14. (a) 6.95 × 10–25 J = 4.34 eV (b) 3.78 × 10–28 J = 0.236 neV
15. (a) 1.7 × 10–35 m (b) 1.1 × 10–32 m (c) 3.0 × 10–23 m
16. (a) 6.63 × 10–25 kg m/s (for both) (b) 1.24 keV (c) 1.51 eV
17. (a) 6.686 × 10–21J = 4.174 × 10–2 eV (b) 0.145 nm
18. = h/p = h/(h/c) = c/
19. 0.028 nm
20. (a) Use eV = (m v2/2) i.e., v = [(2eV/m)]1/2; v = 1.33 × 107 m s–1.
(b) If we use the same formula with V = 107 V,we get v = 1.88 × 109 m s–1. This is clearly
wrong, since nothing can move with a speed greater than the speed of light (c = 3 × 108 m s–1).
Actually, the above formula for kinetic energy (m v2/2) is valid only when (/c) << 1. At very high
speeds when (/c ) is comparable to (though always less than) 1, we come to the relativistic
domain where the following formulae arevalid :
Relativistic momentum p = m 
Total energy E = m c2
Kinetic energy K = m c2 – m0 c2, where the relativistic mass m is given by
1/2
 2 
m  m0 1  2  m0 is called the rest mass of the particle. These relations also imply :
 c 
E  (p2 c 2  m20 c 4 )1/2

Note that in the relativisitc domain when /c is comparable to 1, K or energy E m0c2 (rest mass
energy). The rest mass energy of electron is about 0.51 MeV. Thus a kinetic energy of 10 MeV,
being much greater than electron’s rest mass energy, implies relativistic domain. Using relativistic
formulas,  (for 10 MeV kinetic energy) = 0.999 c.
21. (a) 22.7 cm
(b) No. As explained above, a 20 MeV electron moves at relativistic speed. Consequently, the
non-relativistic formula R = (m0/e B) is not valid. The relativistic formula is

R = p/eB = m/eB or R  m0  / eB 1  2 / c 2 
22. We have e V = (m  /2) and R = (m /e B) which gives (e/m) = (2V/R2 B2); using the given data
2
(e/m) = 1.73 × 1011 C kg–1.

23. (a) 27.6 keV (b) of the order of 30 kV
24. Use = (hc/E) with E = 5.1 × 1.602 × 10–10 J to get  = 2.43 × 10–16 m.
25. (a) For = 500 m, E = (h c/) = 3.98 × 10–28 J. Number of photons emitted per second
= 104J s–1/3.98 × 10–28 J  3 × 1031 s–1
We see that the energy of a radiophoton is exceedingly small, and the number of photons
emitted per second in a radio beam is enormously large. There is, therefore, negligible error
involved in ignoring the existence of a minimum quantum of energy (photon) and treating the
total energy of a radio wave as continuous.
(b) For = 6 × 1014 Hz, E  4 × 10–19 J. Photon flux corresponding to minimum intensity
= 10–10 W m–2/ 4 × 10–19 J = 2.5 × 108 m–2 s–1
Number of photons entering the pupil per second = 2.5 × 108 × 0.4 × 10–4 s–1 = 104 s–1.
Though this number is not as large as in (a) above, it is large enough for us never to ‘sense’
or ‘count’ individual photons by our eye.
0
26. 0 = h – e V0 = 6.7 × 10–19 J = 4.2 eV; 0   1.0  1015 Hz ; = 6328Å corresponds to
h
 = 4.7 × 1014 Hz < 0. The photo-cell will not respond howsoever high be the intensity of laser
light.
27. Use e V0 = h – 0 for both sources. From the data on the first source, 0 = 1.40 eV. Use this value
to obtain for the second source V0 = 1.50 V.
28. Obtain V0 versus plot. The slope of the plot is (h/e) and its intercept on the -axis is 0. The first
four points lie nearly on a straight line which intercepts the -axis at 0 = 5.0 × 1014 Hz (threshold
frequency). The fifth point corresponds to  < 0; there is no photoelectric emission and therefore
no stopping voltage is required to stop the current. Slope of the plot is found to be 4.15 × 10–15 V s.
Using e = 1.6 × 10–19 C, h = 6.64 × 10–34J s (standard value h = 6.626 × 10–34 J s),
0 = h 0 = 2.11 V.
29. It is found that the given incident frequency ?is greater than 0 (Na), and 0 (K); but less than
0 (Mo), and 0 (Ni). Therefore, Mo and Ni will not give photoelectric emission. If the laser is
brought closer, intensity of radiation increases, but this does not affect the result regarding Mo and
Ni. However, photoelectric current from Na and K will increase in proportion to intensity.
30. Assume one conduction electron per atom. Effective atomic area ~10–20 m2
5  2  10 4 m2
Number of electrons in 5 layers   1017
10 20 m2
Incident power = 10–5 W m–2 × 2 × 10–4 m2 = 2 × 10–9 W
In the wave picture, incident power is uniformly absorbed by all the electrons continuously.
Consequently, energy absorbed per second per electron = 2 × 10–9/1017 = 2 × 10–26 W
Time required for photoelectric emission = 2 × 1.6 × 10–19 J/2 × 10–26 W = 1.6 × 107 s which is
about 0.5 year. Implication: Experimentally, photoelectric emission is observed nearly
instantaneously (~10–9 s): Thus, the wave picture is in gross disagreement with experiment. In the
photon-picture, energy of the radiation is not continuously shared by all the electrons in the top
layers. Rather, energy comes in discontinuous ‘quanta’. and absorption of energy does not take
place gradually. A photon is either not absorbed, or absorbed by an electron nearly instantly.
31. For = 1 Å, electron’s energy = 150 eV; photon’s energy = 12.4 keV. Thus, for the same wavelength,
a photon has much greater energy than an electron.
h h
 
32. (a)   p  2 mK Thus, for same K, decreases with m as 1 / m . Now (mn/me) = 1838.6; therefore
for the same energy, (150 eV) as in Q. 31, wavelength of neutron =
1 / 
1838.6  10 10 m  2.33  10 12 m . The interatomic spacing is about a hundred times greater..
A neutron beam of 150 eV energy is therefore not suitable for diffraction experiments.
 
(b)  = 1.45 × 10–10 m [Use   h / 3 m k T ] which is comparable to interatomic spacing in a
crystal. Clearly, from (a) and (b) above, thermal neutrons are a suitable probe for diffraction
experiments; so a high energy neutron beam should be first thermalised before using it for
diffraction.
33. = 5.5 × 10–12 m
(yellow light) = 5.9 × 10–7 m
Resolving Power (RP) is inversely proportional to wavelength. Thus, RP of an electron microscope
is about 105 times that of an optical microscope. In practice, differences in other (geometrical)
factors can change this comparison somewhat.
h 6.63  10 34 Js
34. p    6.63  10 19 kg m s 1
 10 15 m
Use the relativistic formula for energy:
E2  c 2p2  m20 c 4  9  (6.63)3  10 22  (0.511  1.6)2  10 26
 9  (6.63)2  10 22 ,
the second term (rest mass energy) being negligible.
Therefore, E = 1.989 × 10–10 J = 1.24 BeV. Thus, electron energies from the accelerator must
have been of the order of a few BeV.
4  10 h 3
35. Use   3 m k T ; mHe  6  10 23 kg
This gives  = 0.73 × 10–10 m. Mean separation

r = (V/N)1/3 = (kT/p)1/3
For T = 300 K, p = 1.01 × 105 Pa,
r = 3.4 × 10–9 m. We find r >> .
36. Using the same formula as in question 35,
= 6.2 × 10–9 m which is much greater than the given inter-electron separation.
37. (a) Quarks are thought to be confined within a proton or neutron by forces which grow stronger if
one tries to pull them apart. It, therefore, seems that though fractional charges may exist in
nature, observable charges are still integral multiples of e.
(b) Both the basic relations e V = (1/2) m 2 or e E = m a and e B  =m 2/r, for electric and
magnetic fields, respectively, show that the dynamics of electrons is determined not by e, and
m separately but by the combination e/m .
(c) At low pressures, ions have a chance to reach their respective electrodes and constitute a
current. At ordinary pressures, ions have no chance to do so because of collisions with gas
molecules and recombination.
(d) Work function merely indicates the minimum energy required for the electron in the highest
level of the conduction band to get out of the metal. Not all electrons in the metal belong to this
level. They occupy a continuous band of levels. Consequently, for the same incident radiation,
electrons knocked off from different levels come out with different energies.
(e) The absolute value of energy E (but not momentum p) of any particle is arbitrary to within an
additive constant. Hence, while is physically significant, absolute value of of a matter wave
of an electron has no direct physical meaning. The phase speed is likewise not physically
d dE d  p2  p
significant. The group speed given by d(1 / ) dp  dp  2m   m is physically meaningful.

EXERCISE-1
PHOTO ELECTRIC EFFECT 7. Light of wavelength 1824 Å, incident on the

1. If a photocell is illuminated with a radiation of surface of a metal produces photoelectrons
1240 Å, the stopping potential is found to be 8 with maximum energy 5.3 eV. Now, when the
volt; then the work function of the emitter and light of wavelength 1216 Å is used, the
the threshold wavelength are : maximum energy of photoelectrons is 8.7 eV.
(1) 2 eV, 2000 Å (2) 2 eV, 6200 Å The work function of the metallic surface is :
(3) 2 eV, 2480 Å (4) 3 eV, 6200 Å (1) 6.8 eV (2) 1.5 eV
2. Threshold frequency for a photoelectrically (3) 13.6 eV (4) 3.5 eV
active metal is 4.4 × 1014 Hz. If the Planck's 8. If E1, E2, E3 are the respective kinetic energies
cosntant h is 6.62 × 10–34 Joule-sec, then work of an electron, an alpha particle and a proton,
function is : each having the same de-Broglie wavelength,
(1) 1.82 joule (2) 1.82 erg then :
(3) 1.82 eV (4) 1.82 MeV (1) E1 > E3 > E2 (2) E2 > E3 >E1
3. If a surface has work function of 3.00 eV, the (3) E1 > E2 > E3 (4) E1  E3 = E2
longest wavelength of light which will cause 9. A caesium photocell with a steady potential
the emission of electrons is : difference of 60 V across it, is illuminated by a
(1) 4.8 × 10–7 m (2) 5.99 × 10–7 m small bright light placed 1 m away. When the
(3) 4.13 × 10–7 m (4) 6.84 × 10–7 m same light is placed 2m away, the electrons
4. In the experiment on photoelectric effect, the crossing the photocell :
graph between Ek (max.) and v is found to be (1) each carry one quarter of their previous
a straight line as shown in the figure : momentum
(2) each carry one quarter of their previous
energy
(3) are one quarter as numerous
(4) are half as numerous
10. A source of light is placed at a distance of 1m
from a photocell and cut-off potential is found
to be V0. If the distance is doubled, the cut-off
potential will be :
(1) 2V0 (2) V0/2
The threshold frequency and the Planck's (3) V0 (4) V0/4
constant are : 11. The figure shows the variation of photo current
(1) 3 × 1014 sec–1, 6 × 10–34 J-sec with anode potential for a photo-sensitive
(2) 6 × 1014 sec–1, 3 × 10–34 J-sec surface for three different radiations. Let Ia,Ib
(3) 6 × 1014 sec–1, 6 × 10–34 J-sec and Ic be the intensities and fa, fb and fc be the
(4) 2 Hz, 6 × 10–34, J-sec frequencies for the curves a, b and c
5. Monochromatic light incident on a metal surface respectively :
emits electrons with kinetic energies from zero
(1) fa = fb and Ia Ib
to 2.6 eV. What is the last energy of the incident
photon if the tightly bound electron needs 4.2 (2) fa = fc and Ia = Ic
eV to remove ?
(1) 1.6 eV (2) From 1.6 eV to 6.8 eV (3) fa = fb and Ia = Ib
(3) 6.8 eV (4) More than 6.8 eV
(4) fb = fc and Ib = Ic
6. Given that a photon of light of wavelength
10,000 angstrom has an energy equal to 1.23 12. The velocity of the most energetic electrons
eV. When light of wavelength 5000 angstrom emitted from a metallic surface is doubled
and intensity I0 falls on a photoelectric cell, the when the frequency  of the incident radiation
saturation current is 0.40 × 10–6 ampere and is doubled. The work function of this metal is :
the stopping potential is 1.36 volt; then the work h h
function is : (1) (2)
4 3
(1) 0.43 eV (2) 1.10 eV
h 2 h
(3) 1.36 eV (4) 2.47 eV (3) (4)
2 3
13. The energy of a photon of light with wavelength 20. The de-Broglie wavelength of a proton (charge
5000 Å is approximately 2.5 eV. This way the = 1.6 × 10 –19 C, mass = 1.6 × 10 –27 kg)
energy of an X-ray photon with wavelength 1Å accelerated through a potential difference of 1
would be : keV is :
(1) 2.5 / 5000 eV (2) 2.5 / (5000)2 eV (1) 600 Å (2) 0.9 × 10–12 m
(3) 2.5 × 5000 eV (4) 2.5 × (5000)2 eV (3) 7 Å (4) 0.9 nm
14. If we express the energy of a photon in KeV 21. If the momentum of an electron is changed by
and the wavelength in angstroms, then energy p, then the de-Broglie wavelength associated
of a photon can be calculated from the relation with it changes by 0.50%. The initial
(1) E = 12.4 h v (2) E = 12.4 h /  momentum of the electron will be :
(3) E = 12.4 /  (4) E = hv
15. A photon of wavelength 4400 Å is passing p p
(1) (2)
through vacuum. The effective mass and 200 199
momentum of the photon are respectively : (3) 199 p (4) 400 p
(1) 5 × 10–36 kg., 1.5 × 10–27 kg - m/s 22. The ratio of the de-Broglie wavelength of an
(2) 5 × 10–35 kg., 1.5 × 10–26 kg - m/s  particle and a proton of same kinetic energy
(3) Zero, 1.5 × 10–26 kg - m/s is :
(4) 5 × 10–36 kg., 1.67 × 10–43 kg - m/s (1) 1 : 2 (2) 1 : 1
16. A light whose frequency is equal to 6 × 1014 Hz
is incident on a metal whose work function is (3) 1 : 2 (4) 4 : 1
2 eV. (h = 6.63 × 10–34 Js, 1 eV = 1.6 × 10–19J). 23. If an electron and a proton have the same de-
The maximum energy of the electrons emitted Broglie wavelength, then the kinetic energy of
will be : the electron is :
(1) 2.49 eV (2) 4.49 eV (1) Zero
(3) 0.49 eV (4) 5.49eV (2) less than that of a proton
17. A photon of energy E ejects a photoelectron (3) More than that of a proton
from a metal surface whose work function is (4) Equal to that of a proton
W 0. If this electron enters into a uniform 24. A proton accelerated through a potential V has
magnetic field of induction B in a direction de-Broglie wavelength . Then, the de-Broglie
perpendicular to the field and describes a wavelength of an particle, when accelerated
circular path of radius r, then the radius r, is through the same potential V is :
given by, (in the usual notation)
 
2m(E  W0 ) (1) (2)
(1) (2) 2m(E  W0 )eB 2 2
eB
2e(E  W0 ) 2m(E  W0 )  
(3) (4) (3) (4)
mB eB 2 2 8
18. Stopping potential for photoelectrons : 25. An  particle and a deuteron are moving with
(1) Does not depend on the frequency of the velocities v and 2v respectively. What will be
incident light the ratio of their de-Broglie wavelengths ?
(2) Does not depend upon the nature of the
cathode material (1) 1 : 1 (2) 2 :1
(3) Depends on both the frequency of the
incident light and nature of the cathode (3) 1 : 2 (4) 2 : 1
material 26. The kinetic energy of an-electron gets tripled,
(4) Depends upon the intensity of the incident then de-Broglie wavelength associated with it
light changes by a factor :
DUAL NATURE OF MATTER
1
19. An electron, acceleratd by a potential difference (1)
V, has de Broglie wavelength . If the electron 3
is accelerated by a potential difference 4V, its (2) 3
de Broglie wavelength will be :
(1) 2 (2) 4 1
(3)
  3
(3) (4)
2 4 (4) 3
27. The ratio of the de-Broglie wavelengths of an h
electron of energy 10 eV to that of a person of (3)
2mE
mass 66 kg travelling at a speed of 100 km/
hour is of the order of : h
(1) 1034 (2) 1027 (4)
2mE
(3) 10 17 (4) 10–10 34. The de-Broglie wavelength of a proton (charge
28. An electron with speed v and a photon with = 1.6 × 10 –19 C, mass = 1.6 × 10 –27 kg)
speed c have the same de-Broglie wavelength. accelerated through a potential difference of
If the kinetic energy and momentum of 1 kV is :
electrons is Ee and Pe and that of photon is (1) 600 Å (2) 0.9 × 10–12 m
Eph and Pph respectively, then the correct option (3) 7 Å (4) 0.9 nm
is : 35. Electrons used in an electron microscope are
E 2c E v accelerated by a voltageof 25 kV. If the voltage
(1) E  v (2) E  2c
e e
is increased to 100 kV then the de-Broglie
ph ph wavelength associated with the electrons
would :
P 2c P v
(3) P  v (4) P  2c
e e (1) Increase by 4 times
ph ph (2) Increase by 2 times
(3) Decrease by 2 times
29. The ratio of the de-Broglie wavelength of
(4) Decrease by 4 times
particle to that of a proton being subjected
36. An -particle moves in a circular path of radius
to the same magnetic field so that the radii of
0.83 cm in the presence of a magnetic field of
their paths are equal to each other. Assuming
0.25 Wb/m 2. The de Broglie wavelength

associated with the particle will be :
the field induction vector B is perpendicular to
(1) 1 Å (2) 0.1 Å
the velocity vectors of the particle and the
(3) 10 Å (4) 0.01Å
proton is :
X-RAY
(1) 1 (2) 1/4
37. The minimum wavelength of X-ray produced
(3) 1/2 (4) 2
by electrons accelerated by a potential
30. The de-Broglie wavelength of a particle moving
difference of V volt is equal to :
with a velocity 2.25 × 108 m/s is equal to the
wavelength of a photon. The ratio of kinetic eV eh
(1) (2)
energy of the particle to the energy of the photon hc cV
is : (Velocity of light is 3 × 108 m/s)
(1) 1/8 (2) 3/8 hc h
(3) (4)
(3) 5/8 (4) 7/8 eV V
31. The de-Broglie wavelength of a particle moving 38. An X-ray tube operated at 30 kV emits a
with a velocity 2.25 × 108 m/s is equal to the continuous X-ray of short wavelength limit
wavelength of photon. The ratio of kinetic  = 0.414 Å. The value of Planck's constant is
energy of the particle to the energy of the photon (1) 6.62 × 10–34 J-s
is (velocity of light is 3 × 108 m/s) (2) 6.7 × 10–34 J-s
(1) 1/8 (2) 3/4 (3) 6.6 × 10–34 J-s
(3) 5/8 (4) 7/8 (4) 6.67 × 10–31 J-s
32. According to de-Broglie, the de-Broglie 39. The wavelength of K X-rays produced by an
wavelength for electron in an orbit of (radius X-ray tube is 1.785 Å. Find the atomic number
5.3 × 10–11m) hydrogen atom is 10–10 m. The of the anode material of the tube :
principle quantum number for this electron is : (R = 109737 cm–1)
(1) 1 (2) 2 (1) 24 (2) 32
(3) 3 (4) 4 (3) 48 (4) 27
33. For moving ball of cricket, the correct statement 40. The minimum wavelength of X-ray emitted by
about de-Broglie wavelength is : X-ray tube is 0.4125 Å. The accelerating voltage
(1) It is not applicable for such big particle is :
h (1) 30 kV (2) 50 kV
(2) (3) 80 kV (4) 60 kV
2mE
41. The following figure represents the observed 46. The X-ray beam coming from an X-ray tube
intensity of X_rays emitted by two different will be :
tubes A and B as a function of wavelength . (1) Monochromatic
For tube A, the potential difference between the (2) Having all wavelengths smaller than a
filament and target is VA and atomic number of certain maximum wavelength
target is : (3) Having all wavelengths larger than a
certain minimum wavelength
(4) Having all wavelengths lying between a
minimum and a maximum wavelength
47. A potential difference of 42,000 volts is used in
an X-ray tube to accelerate electrons. The
maximum frequency of the X-radiations
produced is :
(1) 1019 Hz (2) 1018 Hz
ZA. For the tube B, the corresponding potential 16
(3) 10 Hz (4) 1020 Hz
difference VB and the atomic number is ZB. The
(1eV = 1.6 × 10 J and h = 6.63 × 10–34 J – s)
–19
solid curve is for the tube A and the dotted curve
48. The wavelength of most energetic X-rays
for the tube B. Then :
emitted when a metal targetis bombarded by
(1) ZA > ZB (2) ZA = ZB
40 KeV electrons, is approximately :
(3) ZA < ZB (4) ZA  ZB (h = 6.62 × 10–34 J-sec; 1 eV = 1.6 × 10–19 J;
42. A potential difference of 20 kV is applied across c = 3 × 108 m/s)
an X-ray tube. The minimum wavelength of X- (1) 300 Å (2) 10 Å
rays generated (in angstrom) is : (3) 4 Å (4) 0.31 Å
(1) 0.62 (2) 1.24 49. X-rays are produced in X-ray tube operating at
(3) 0.31 (4) 6.2 a given accelerating voltage. The wavelength
43. Solid target of different elements are of the continuous X-rays has values from :
bombarded by highly energetic electron (1) 0 to 
beams. The frequency (f) of the characteristic (2) min to , where min > 0
X-rays emitted from different targets varies with (3) 0 to max, where max < 
atomic number Z as : (4) min to max, where 0 < min < max < 
50. Bragg's law for X-rays is :
(1) f  Z (2) f  Z 2 (1) d sin  = 2n (2) 2d sin  = n
(3) f  Z (4) f  Z3/2 (3) n sin  = 2d (4) None of these
44. If vg, vx and vm are the speeds of gamma rays. 51. X-rays are produced by accelerating electrons
X-rays and microwaves respectively in by voltage V and let they strike a metal of
vacuum, then : atomic number Z. The highest frequency of
(1) vg > vm > vx (2) vg > vx > m X-rays produced is proportional to :
(3) vg = vx = vm (4) None of these (1) V (2) Z
45. An X-ray tube is operated at a constant potential (3) (Z – 1) (4) (Z – 1)2
difference and it is required to get X-rays of
wavelength not less than 0.2 nano-metres.
Then, the potential difference in kilo-volt is :
(h = 6.63 × 10–34 J-s, e = 1.6 × 10–19 coulomb,
c = 3 × 108 m/s)
(1) 24.8 (2) 12.4
(3) 6.2 (4) 3.1
EXERCISE-1
Q. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
A. 2 3 3 1 3 2 2 1 3 3 1 4 3 3 1 3 4 3 3 2
Q. 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
A. 3 1 3 3 1 3 2 2 3 2 2 3 2 2 3 4 3 1 4 1
Q. 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51
A. 3 1 2 3 3 3 1 4 2 2 4
EXERCISE : 2
1. The rest mass of the photon is: 10. Ultraviolet radiation of 6.2 eV falls on an
[CPMT-96, RPMT-99] aluminium surface (work function 4.2 eV). The
(1) 0 kinetic energy in joules of the fastest electron
(2)  emitted is approximately :
(3) Between 0 and  (1) 3.2 × 10–21 (2) 3.2 × 10–19
(4) Equal to that of an electron (3) 3.2 × 10–17 (4) 3.2 × 10–15
2. Which of the following is true for photon : 11. Light of two different frequencies whose
(1) E = hc/ (2) E = ½ mu2 photons have energies 1eV and 2.5eV
(3) p = E/2v (4) E = ½ mc2 respectively, successively illuminates a metal
3. The energy of a photon is E = h and the
of work function
momentum of photon p = h/, then the velocity
0.5 eV. The ratio of maximum kinetic energy of
of photon will be :
(1) E/p (2) Ep the emitted electron will be :
(3) (E/p)2 (4) 3 × 108 m/s (1) 1 : 5 (2) 1 : 4
4. If we express the energy of a photon in KeV (3) 1 : 2 (4) 1 : 1
and the wavelength in angstroms, then energy 12. The threshold wavelength for photoelectric
of a photon can be calculated from the relation: emission from a material is 5200 Å.
(1) E = 12.4 h (2) E = 12.4 h/ Photoelectrons will be emitted when this
(3) E = 12.4/ (4) E = h material is illuminated with monochromatic
5. The momentum of a photon is radiation from a :
2 × 10–16gm-cm/sec. Its energy is : (1) 50 watt infrared lamp
(1) 0.61 × 10–26 erg (2) 2.0 ×10–26 erg (2) 1 watt infrared lamp
(3) 6 × 10–6 erg (4) 6 × 10–8 erg (3) 50 watt ultraviolet lamp
6. An AIR station is broadcasting the waves of (4) NOT
wavelength 300 metres. If the radiating power 13. The frequency of the incident light falling on a
of the transmitter is 10kW, then the number of photosensitive metal plate is doubled, the
photons radiated per second is : kinetic energy of the emitted photoelectrons is:
(1) 1.5 × 1029 (2) 1.5 × 1031 (1) Double the earlier value
(3) 1.5 × 10 33 (4) 1.5 × 1035
(2) Unchanged
7. There are n1 photons of frequency 1 in a beam
(3) More than doubled
of light. In an equally energetic beam, there are
n2 photons of frequency 2. Then the correct (4) Less than doubled
relation is: 14. Which of the following wavelength falls in X-
ray region : [CPMT-1975]
n1 n1 1 (1) 10000 Å (2) 1000 Å
(1) n = 1 (2) n  
2 2 2 (3) 1 Å (4) 10–2 Å
15. X-rays are : [CPMT 1975]
n1  2 n1 12 (1) Stream of electrons
(3) n   (4) 
2 1 n2  22 (2) Stream of positively charged particles
8. Einstein’s photoelectric equation states that (3) Electromagnetic radiations of high frequency
Ek = h – . In this equation Ek refers to : (4) Stream of uncharged particles
(1) Kinetic energy of all the emitted electrons 16. X-ray beam can be deflected by : [CPMT 2000]
(2) Mean kinetic energy of the emitted (1) Magnetic field
electrons (2) Electric field
(3) Maximum kinetic energy of the emitted (3) Both (1) and (2)
electrons (4) None of these
(4) Minimum kinetic energy of the emitted 17. If the operating potential of an X-ray tube is 50
electrons
kV, the velocity of X-rays coming out of it is :
9. For photoelectric emission, tungsten requires
[RPMT 2003]
light of 2300 Å. If light of 1800Å wavelength is
incident then emission : (1) 4 × 104 m/s
(1) Takes place (2) 3 × 108 m/s
(2) Don’t take place (3) 108 m/s
(3) May or may not take place (4) 3 m/s
(4) Depends on frequency
18. The minimum wavelength of the X-rays 26. In photoelectric emission process from a metal
produced by electrons accelerated through a of work function 1.8 eV, the kinetic energy of
potential difference of V volts is directly most energetic electrons is 0.5 eV. The
proportional to : [CPMT 1996] corresponding stopping potential is :
(1) V (b) V 2 (AIPMT Pre-2011)
(3) 1/ V (4) 1 / V (1) 2.3 V (2) 1.8 V
(3) 1.3 V (4) 0.5 V
19. The characteristic X-ray radiation is emitted,
27. In the Davisson and Germer experiment, the
when: [CPMT 1975, 80, 90]
velocity of electrons emitted from the electron
(1) The electrons are accelerated to a fixed
gun can be increased by : (AIPMT Pre-2011)
energy
(1) Decreasing the potential difference between
(2) The source of electrons emits a
the anode and filament
monoenergetic beam
(2) Increasing the potential difference between
(3) The bombarding electrons knock out
the anode and filament
electrons from the inner shell of the target
(3) Increasing the filament current
atoms and one of the outer electrons falls
(4) Decreasing the filament current
into this vacancy
28. Photoelectric emission occurs only when the
(4) The valence electrons in the target atoms
light has more than a certain minimum :
are removed as a result of the collision
(AIPMT Pre-2011)
20. Hydrogen atom does not emit X-rays because
(1) Frequency (2) Power
[CPMT 1980, 90]
(3) Wavelength (4) Intensity
(1) Its energy levels are too close to each other
29. Statement-1 : A metallic surface is irradiated
(2) Its energy levels are too apart by a monochromatic light of frequency v > v0
(3) It is too small in size (the threshold frequency). The maximum kinetic
(4) It has a single electron energy and the stopping potential are Kmax and
21. Mosley measured the frequency (f) of the V0 respectively. If the frequency incident on the
characteristic X-rays from many metals of surface is doubled, both the Kmax and V0 are
different atomic number (Z) and represented also doubled.
his results by a relation known as Mosley’s law. Statement-2 : The maximum kinetic energy and
This law is (a, b are constants) : [RPMT 1996] the stopping potential of photoelectrons emitted
(1) f = a(Z – b)2 (2) Z = a(f – b)2 from a surface are linearly dependent on the
2
(3) f = a(Z – b) (4) f = a(Z – b)1/2 frequency of incident light. (AIEEE-011)
22. In X-ray spectrum wavelength  of line K (1) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true,
depends on atomic number Z as:[RPMT 1995] Statement-2 is the correct explanation of
(1)   Z2 (2)   (Z  1)2 Statement-1
(2) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true,
1 1
(3)   (4)   Statement-2 is NOT the correct explanation
(Z  1) (Z  1)2 of Statement-1
23. The radius of second orbit of an electron in (3) Statement-1 is false, Statement-2 is true
hydrogen atom is 2.116 Å. The de-Broglie (4) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is false
wavelength associated with electron in this orbit 30. An -particle moves in a circular path of radius
would be: 0.83 cm in the presence of a magnetic field of
(1) 6.64Å (2) 1.058 Å 0.25 Wb/m 2. The de Broglie wavelength
(3) 2.116 Å (3) 13.28 Å associated with the particle will be :
24 The de-Broglie wavelength of a neutron at 927° (AIPMT Pre-12)
C is . What will be its wavelength at 27°C? (1) 1 Å
(1) /2 (2) /4 (2) 0.1 Å
(3) 4  (4) 2  (3) 10 Å
25. Dual nature of radiation is shown by: (4) 0.01 Å
(1) diffraction and reflection 31. An electron of a stationary hydrogen atom
(2) refraction and diffraction passes from the fifth energy level to the ground
(3) Photoelectric effect alone level. The velocity that the atom acquired as a
(4) Photoelectric effect and diffraction result of photon emission will be :
(AIPMT Pre-12)
24hR 25hR
(1) (2) I
25m 24m
25m 24m (1) (2)
(c) (4)
24hR 25hR O 
(m is the mass of the electron, R, Rydberg
constant and h Planck’s constant) I I
32. Monochromatic radiation emitted when electron
on hydrogen atom jumps from first excited to (3) (4)
the ground state irradiates a photosensitive
material. The stopping potential is measured O  O 
to be 3.57 V. The threshold frequency of the 38. For photoelectric emission from certain metal
material is : (AIPMT Pre-12) the cutoff frequency is . If radiation of frequency
(1) 4 × 1015 Hz (2) 5 × 1015 Hz 2 impinges on the metal plate, the maximum
(3) 1.6 × 1015 Hz (4) 2.5 × 1015 Hz possible velocity of the emitted electron will be
33. Two radiations of photons energies 1 eV and (m is the electron mass) : (NEET-2013)
2.5 eV, successively illuminate a photosensitive
(1) h / (2m) (2) h / m
metallic surface of work function 0.5 eV. The
ratio of the maximum speeds of the emitted (3)2h / m (4) 2 h / m
electrons is : (AIPMT Main-12)
39. The wavelength e of an electron and p of a
(1) 1 : 4 (2) 1 : 2
photon of same energy E are realted by :
(3) 1 : 1 (4) 1 : 5
(NEET-2013)
34. The transition from the state n = 3 to n = 1 in a
hydrogen like atom results in ultraviolet radiation. (1) p   2e (2) p   e
Infrared radiation will be obtained in the transition
from : (AIPMT Main-12) 1
(1) 2  1 (2) 3  2 (3) p   e (4) p  e
(3) 4  2 (4) 4  3
35. Assume that a neutron breaks into a proton and 40. If the kinetic energy of the particle is increased to
an electron. The energy released during this 16 times its previous value, the percentage
process is : (AIEEE-12) change in the de-Broglie wavelength of the par-
(Mass of neutron = 1.6725 × 10–27 kg,
Mass of proton = 1.6725 × 10–27 kg, ticle is: (NEET-2014 )
Mass of electron = 9 × 10–31 kg) (1) 25 (2) 75
(1) 7.10 MeV (2) 6.30 MeV (3) 60 (4) 50
(3) 5.4 MeV (4) None of these
41. When the energy of the incident radiation is
36. A particle of mass M at rest decays into two
particles of masses m1 and m2, having non- incredased by 20%, the kinetic energy of the
zero velocities. The ratio of the de-Broglie photoelectrons emitted from a metal surface in-
1 creased from 0.5 eV to 0.8 eV. The work function
wavelengths of the particles,  is : (IIT-99)
2 of the metal is: (NEET-2014)
m1 m2 (1) 0.65 eV (2) 1.0 eV
(1) m (2) m (3) 1.3 eV (4) 1.5 eV
2 1
42. The radiation corresponding to 3  2 transition

m2 of hydrogen atom falls on a metal surface to
(3) 1.0 (4)
m1 produce photoelectrons. These electrons are
37. The anode voltage of a photocell is kept fixed. made to enter a magnetic field of 3  104 T . If
The wavelength  of the light falling on the the radius of the largest circular path followed
cathode is gradually changed. The plate current by these electrons is 10.0 mm, the work function
I of the photocell varies as follows : of the metal is close to : (JEE (Main)-14)
(JEE (Main)-13) (1) 1.8 eV (2) 1.1 eV
(3) 0.8 eV (4) 1.6 eV
43. A metal surface is illuminated by light of two 47. As an electron makes a transition from an excited
different wavelengths 248nm and 310 nm. The state to the ground state of a hydorgen-like atom/
maximum speeds of the photoelectrons ion (JEE (Main)-15)
corresponding to these wavelengths are u1 and (1) Kinetic energy, potential energy and total
u2, respectively. If the ratio u1 : u2 = 2 : 1 and energy decrease
hc = 1240 eV nm, the work function of the metal (2) Kinetic energy decreases, potential energy
is nearly (JEE (Adv.)-14) increases but total energy remain same
(1) 3.7 eV (2) 3.2 eV (3) Kinetic energy and total energy decrease
(3) 2.8 eV (4) 2.5 eV but potential energy increases
(4) Its kinetic energy increases but potential
44. Hydrogen (1H1 ) , Deuterim (1H2 ) , singly ionised
energy and total energy decrease
Helium ( 2 H4 ) and doubly ionised lithium ( 3 Li6 ) 
48. Which of the following figures represents the varia-
all have one electron around the nucleus.
tion of particle momentum and the associated de-
Consider an electron transition from n = 2 to n =
1. If the wave lengths of emitted radiation are Broglie wavelenth? (NEET-2015 )
1,  2 ,  3 and  4 respectively then approximately
which one of the following is correct ?
(JEE (Main)-14)
(1) (2)
(1) 41  2 2  2 3   4
(2) 1  2 2  2 3   4
(3) 1   2  4 3  9 4
(4) 1  2 2  3 3  4 4
(3) (4)
45. If Cu is the wavelength of K  X-ray line of copper
(atomic number 29) and Mo is the wavelength of
49. A certain metalic surface is illuminated with mono-
the K  X-ray line of molybdenum (atomic number chromatic light of wavelength . The stopping po-
42), then the ratio Cu / Mo is close to tential for photo-electric current for this light is 3V0.
(JEE (Adv.)-14) If the same surface is illuminated with light of wave-
(1) 1.99 (2) 2.14 length 2, the stopping potential is V0. The thresh-
(3) 0.50 (4) 0.48
46. Match List-I (Fundamental Experiment) with List- old wavelength for this surface for photo-electric
II (its conclusion) and select the correct option effect is (NEET-2015 )
from the choices given below the list :

(JEE (Main)-15) (1) 4 (2)
4

(3) (4) 6
6
50. Light of wavelength 500 nm is incident on a metal
with work function 2.28 eV. The wavelength of the
emitted electron is: (NEET-2015 )
(1) <2.8×10–9 m (2)  2.8×10–9 m
(3)  2.8×10–12 m (4) <2.8×10–10 m
(1) (A) - (ii) (B) - (iv) (C) - (iii)
(2) (A) - (ii) (B) - (i) (C) - (iii)
(3) (A) - (iv) (B) - (iii) (C) - (ii)
(4) (A) - (i) (B) - (iv) (C) - (iii)
51. A photoelectric surface is illuminated successively 55. An electron bean is acceleration by a potential dif-
 ference V to hit a metallic target to produce X-rays.
by monochromatic light of wavelength  and If
2 It produces continuous as well as characteristic X-
the maximum kinetic energy of the emitted photo- rays. If min is the smallest possible wavelength of X-
electrons in the second case is 3 times that in the ray in the spectrum, the variation of log min with
first case, the work function of the surface of the log V is correctly represented in :
material is: (NEET-2015 ) [JEE MAIN-17]
(h= Planck's constant, c = speed of light0
hc 2hc
(1) (2)
 
hc hc (1)
(3) (4)
3 2
52. Radiation of wavelength , is incident on a
photocell. The fastest emitted electron has speed
3
. If the wavelength is changed to , the speed
4
of the fastest emitted electron will be : (2)
(JEE (Main)-16)
1 1
 4 2  4 2
(1)     (2)    
3 3
1 1
 4 2  3 2
(3)     (4)     (3)
3 4
53. An electron of mass m and a photon have same
enrgy E. The ratio of de-Broglie wavelengths asso-
ciated with them is: (NEET-2016 )
1 1
1  E 2  E 2
(1)   (2)  
c  2m   2m  (4)
1
1 1  2m  2
(3) C(2mE) 2 (4)  
xc  E  56. A particle A of mass m and initial velocity v collides
54. When a metallic surface is illuminated with radiation m
with a particle B of mass which is at rest. The
of wavelength , the stopping potential is V. If the 2
same surface is illuminated with radiation of wave- collision is head on, and elastic. The ratio of the de-
V Broglie wavelengths A to B after the collision is
length 2, the stopping potential is . The thresh-
4 (JEE Main-2017)
old wavelength for the metallic surface is: A 2 A 1
(1)  (2) 
(NEET-2016) B 3 B 2
(1) 4 (2) 5
A 1 A
5 (3)  (4) 2
(3)  (4) 3 B 3 B
2
57. The photoelectric threshold wavelength of silver is
xy xy
3250×10-10m. The velocity of the electron ejected
(1) (2)   
from a silver surface by ultraviolet light of wave-
x  y x y
length 2536×10-10 m is : [NEET - 2017] (3)  x   y (4)  x   y

(Given h = 4.14 × 10 –15
eVs and c = 3×10 ms )
8 -1
62. A particle A of mass 'm' and charge 'q' is acceler-
(1)  6  10 ms 5 1 (2)  0.6  10 6 ms 1 ated by a potential difference of 50v Another par-
(3)  61 10 ms 3 1 (4)  0.3  10 ms
6 1
ticle B of mass '4m' and charge 'q' is accelerated by
58. When the light of frequency 2v0 (where v0 is thresh- a potential difference of 2500V. The ratio of de-
old frequency), is incident on a metalplate, the maxi- A
Broglie wavelength
mum velocity of electronsemitted is v1. When the  B is (JEE Main-2019)
frequency of the incident radiation is increased to
(1) 10.00 (2) 0.07
5v0, the maximum velocity of electrons emitted from
(3) 14.14 (4) 4.47
the same plate is v2. The ratio of v1 to v2 is:
63. If the de-Broglie wavelength of an electron is equal
[NEET - 2018]
to 10–3 times the wavelength of a photon of fre-
(1) 1:2 (2) 2:1
quency 6×1014 Hz, then the speed of electron is
(3) 4:1 (4) 1:4
equal to: (JEE Main-2019)
59. An electron of mass m with an initial velocity
  (Speed of light = 3×108 m/s)
V  V0iˆ (V0  0) enters an electric field E   E0iˆ Planck's constant = 6.63×10–34 J.s
(E0 = ocnstant>0) at t = 0. If 0 is its de-Broglie Mass of electron = 9.1×10–31 kg)
wavelength initially, then its de-Broglie wavelength (1) 1.1×106 m/s (2) 1.7×106 m/s
at time t is [NEET - 2018] (3) 1.8×106 m/s (4) 1.45×106 m/s
0 64. The stopping potential V0 (in Volt) as a function of
 frequency (v) for a sodium emitter, is shown in the

eE0 
(1)  1  t (2) 0 figure. The work function of sodium, from the data
 mV0 
plotted in the figure, will be: (JEE Main-2019)
 eE0  (Given: Plankck's constant (h) = 6.63×10–34 Js,
(3) 0t (4) 0 1  t
electron charge e = 1.6×10–19 C)
 mV0 
60. Two electrons are moving with non-relativistic speeds
perpendicular to each other. If corresponding de
Broglie wavelength are  1 and  2, their de Broglie
wavelength in the frame of reference attached to
their centre of mass is: (JEE Main-2018)
1 1 1
(1)  CM  1   2 (2)  
1 1  2
21 2  1   2  (1) 1.82 eV (2) 1.66 eV

  (4)  CM  
(3) CM
1 2   2 2  (3) 1.95 eV (4) 2.12 eV
 2 
61. Aparticle 'P' is formed due to a completerly inelastic 65. A 2 mW laser operates at a wavelength of 500 nm.
collision of particles 'x' and 'y' having de-Broglie The number of photons that will be emitted per
wavelengths 'x' and 'y' respectively. If x and y were second is:
moving in opposite directions, then the de-Broglie [Given Planck's constant h = 6.6×10–34 Js, speed
wavelength of 'P' is: (JEE Main-2019)
of light c= 3.0×108 m/s] (JEE Main-2019) 71. A particle is moving 5 times as fast as an electron.
(1) 5×10 15
(2) 1.5×10 16 The ratio of the de-Broglie wavelength of the par-
(3) 2×10 16
(4) 1×10 16 ticle to that of the electron is 1.878×10–4 . The mass
66. The electric field of light wave is given as of the particle is close to: (JEE Main-2020)
 (1) 4.8×10–27 kg (2) 9.1×10–31 kg
 2x  N
E  103 cos  7
 2 6  1014 t  x (3) 1.2×10–28 kg (4) 9.7×10–28 kg
 5  10  C
72. A particle moving with kinetic energy E has de
This light falls on a metal plate of work function 2eV.
Broglie wavelength . If energy  E is added to its
The stopping potential of the photo-electrons is:

12375 energy, the wavelength become . Value  E, is:
2
Given, E (in eV) = o
(JEE Main-2019)
 (in A) (JEE Main-2020)
(1) 20 V (2) 0.72 V (1) E (2) 4E
(3) 0.48 V (4) 2.48 V (3) 3E (4) 2E
67. An electron is accelerated through a potential dif- 73. An electron of mass m and magnitude of charge
ference of 10,000 V. Its de Broglie wavelength is, |e| initially at rest gets accelerated by a constant
(nearly) : (me = 9×10–31 kg) (NEET-2019) electron field E. The rate of change of de-Broglie
(1) 12.2 × 10–13 m (2) 12.2×10–12 m wavelength of this electron at time t ignoring rela-
(3) 12.2 × 10 –14
m (4) 12.2 nm tivistic effects is: (JEE Main-2020)
68. An electron, a doubly ionized helium ion (He ) and ++
h |e|Et
(1) |e|E t (2)
a proton are having the same kinetic energy. The h
relation between their respective de-Broglie wave- h h

(3) |e|Et (4)
length e, He++ and p is: (JEE Main-2020) |e|Et 2
(1) e>He++>p (2) e<He++ = p 74. An electron (mass m) with initial velocity
 
(3) e>p>He++ (4) e<p<He++ v  v ˆi  v ˆj is in an electric field E   E kˆ . If 0 is
0 0 0
69. Assuming the nitrogen molecule is moving with r.m.s. initial de-Broglie wavelength of electron, its de-
velocity at 400 K, the de-Broglie wavelength of ni- Broglie wavelength at time t is given by:
trogen molecule is close to: (JEE Main-2020)
(Given: nitrogen molecule weight: 4.64×10–26 kg,
0 2 0
Boltzman constant: 1.38×10–23 J/K, Planck con-
e2E 2 t 2 e 2 E 02 t 2
stant: 6.63×10–34 J.s) (JEE Main-2020) (1) 1 (2) 1
m 2 v02 m 2 v02
(1) 0.24 Å (2) 0.20 Å
(3) 0.34 Å (4) 0.44 Å 0 0
m e2E 2 t 2 e2E 2 t 2
70. Particle A of mass m A  moving along the x-axis (3) 1 (4) 2
2 2m 2 v02 m 2 v02
with velocity v0 collides elasticaly with another par-
75. Given figure shows few data points in a photo elec-
m
ticle B at rest having mass m B  . If both par- tric effect experiment for a certain metal. The
3
ticles move along the x-axis after the collision, the mininum energy for ejection of electron from its
change   in de-Broglie wavelength (0) before surface is: (JEE Main-2020)

collision is: (JEE Main-2020)
3 5
(1)    (2)   
2 0 2 0
(3)   2 0 (4)   4 0
79. Radiation, with wavelength 656 Å falls on a metal
surface to produce photoelectrons. The electrons
are made to enter a uniform magnetic field of
3×10–4 T. If the radius of the largest circular path
followed by the electrons is 10 mm, the work func-
tion of metal is closed to: (JEE Main-2020)
(1) 1.1 eV (2) 0.8 eV
(3) 1.6 eV (4) 1.8 eV
(1) 227 eV (2) 2.59 eV 80. When photon of energy 4.0 eV strikes the surface
(3) 1.93 eV (4) 2.10 eV of a metal A, the ejected photoelectrons have maxi-
76. In a photoelectric effect experiment, the graph of mum kinetic energy TA eV and de-Broglie wavelength
stopping potential V versus reciprocal of wavelength A. The maximum kinetic energy of photoelectrons
obtained is show in the figure. As the intensity of liberated from another metal B by photon of en-
incident radiation is increased: ergy 4.50 eV is TB = (TA-1.5) eV. If the de=Broglie
wavelength of these photoelectrons B = 2A, then
the work function of metal B is:
(JEE Main-2020)
(JEE Main-2020) (1) 4 eV (2) 2 eV
(3) 1.5 eV (4) 3 eV
81. Light of frequency 1.5 times the threshold fre-
(1) Straight line shifts to right
quency i s incident on a photosensitive material .
(2) Slope of the straight line get more steep
What will be the photoelectric current if the fre-
(3) Straight line shifts to left
quency is halved and intensity is doubled?
(4) Graph does not change
(NEET-2020)
77. When the wavelength of radiation falling on a metal
(1) one-fourth (2) zero
is changed from 500 nm to 200 nm, the maximum
(3) doubled (4) four times
kinetic energy of the ot the photoelectrons becomes
82. An electron is accelerated from rest through a
three times larger. The work function of the metal is
potential difference of V volt. If the de-Broglie
close to: (JEE Main-2020)
wavelength of the electron is 1.227×10–2 nm, the
(1) 0.81 eV (2) 1.02 eV
potential difference is : (NEET-2020)
(3) 0.52 eV (4) 0.61 eV
(1) 10 V
3
(2) 10 V
4
78. Two sources of light emit X-rays of wavelength 1

(3) 10 V (4) 102 V
nm and visible light of wavelength 500 nm, respec-
83. Light with an average flux of 20 W/cm falls on a
tively. Both the sources emit light of the same power
non-reflecting surface at normal incidence having
200 W. The ratio of the number density of photons
surface area 20 cm2. The energy received by the
of X-rays to the number density of photons of the
surface during time span of 1 minute is :
visible light of the given wavelengths is:
(NEET-2020)
(JEE Main-2020)
(1) 24×10 J 3
(2) 48×103 J
1
(1) (2) 250 (3) 10×103 J (4) 12×103 J
500
1
(3) (4) 500
250
EXERCISE-2
Q. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
A. 1 1 1 3 3 2 3 3 1 2 2 3 3 3 3 4 2 4 3 1
Q. 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
A. 1 4 1 4 4 4 2 1 3 4 1 3 1 4 4 3 1 3 1 2
Q. 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60
A. 2 2 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 2 4 1 1 4 4 2 2 1 1 3
Q. 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80
A. 2 3 3 2 1 3 2 3 1 4 4 3 4 3 1 4 4 1 1 1
Q. 81 82 83
A. 2 2 1

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PHYSICS

A Premier Institute For IIT JEE

Behind Circuit House, Near Basni Puliya, Nagaur (Rajasthan)

Q.2 Four elements A, B, C, D have work function 2, (A) EP (B) E/P

Q.4 If E and p are the respective energy and

Q.5 The momentum of photon of energy 1. Mev

(C) 9 × 10 ms6 –1 (D) 12 × 106 ms–1

Q.5 The wave nature of electron was verified by

Photo Electric Effect & Dual Nature of Matter

LEARN THE SUBJECT (LTS)-2

E  (p2 c 2  m20 c 4 )1/2

(e/m) = 1.73 × 1011 C kg–1.

35. Use   3 m k T ; mHe  6  10 23 kg

This gives  = 0.73 × 10–10 m. Mean separation

PHOTO ELECTRIC EFFECT 7. Light of wavelength 1824 Å, incident on the

42. The radiation corresponding to 3  2 transition

length 2536×10-10 m is : [NEET - 2017] (3)  x   y (4)  x   y

0 64. The stopping potential V0 (in Volt) as a function of

 frequency (v) for a sodium emitter, is shown in the

21 2  1   2  (1) 1.82 eV (2) 1.66 eV

wavelengths 'x' and 'y' respectively. If x and y were second is:

wavelength of 'P' is: (JEE Main-2019)

relation between their respective de-Broglie wave- h h

change   in de-Broglie wavelength (0) before surface is: (JEE Main-2020)

78. Two sources of light emit X-rays of wavelength 1

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