11.

0 References

(1) Strengthened / reinforced soils and other fills – BS 8006 : 1995.

(2) Engineering with Geosynthetics – G.V.S.Venkatappa Rao, G.V.S. Suryanarayan Raju.
(3) Mechanics of Reinforced soil – Andrzej Sawicki.
(4) Geosynthetic application in civil engineering – G.V Rao & S.P Kaushish.
(5) Earth Reinforcement and Soil Structures – Colin JFP Jones.
(6) Use of Geosynthetics in India Experiences and Potential – Astate – of – the – Art Report.
(7) Indian Geotechnical Journal, Vol. 26, No. 1,January 1996.
(8) Case Histories of Geosynthetics in Infrastructure Projects – G.N. Mathur, G.V.Rao &
Dr.A.S.Chawla.

10.0 Conclusion

The aim of design is the achievement of an acceptable probability that structures being
designed will perform satisfactorily during their intended life. With an appropriate degree
of safety, they should sustain all the loads and deformations of normal construction and
use and have adequate durability and adequate resistance. Design with geosynthetics vary
by the design theory, guidelines and assumptions used. Unfortunately there is no
standard set of design guidelines for all designers to use. A single product or
system cannot produce universal solution. The difference associated with the various
design methods produce differences in the design of these structure in terms of
embedded length , required strength and amount of reinforcement required to provide
acceptable factors-of –safety against internal and external potential modes of failure of
the system..

Reinforcement of the earth has been mostly to reduce the total and differential settlement
and has improve the serviceability limit of structures founded on the soft or compressible
earth. The concept has facilitated construction of the high to very high retaining walls
and slopes. The reinforcement of slopes can be achieved in a variety of ways such as
nailing, root piles, dowells, anchors or even as a combination of reinforcement and
drainage.

Construction of embankment with geosynthetics reduces land acquisition in case of soft

and hilly terrain and metropolitans cities areas which reduces the cost of land and large
amount of earth work. Due to portable size of geosynthetics which reduces the
transportation cost. It increases the reliability and life of structure and reduces the
maintainability of the structure. In long term it is a cost benefit material which lead to
the economy and support Indian industry.

The concept of reinforcing earth has also attracted the attention of the academic world, for
although the concept is easily grasped the theoretical aspects involved are numerous As
a result, much research and development work has been undertaken in universities
and laboratories and earth reinforcing is now recognized as a separate subject in its own
right in geotechnical field.

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