اكثر من مائة مثال حول المتسعات فيزياء سادس علمي للاستاذ سعيد محي تومان PDF

‫ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ‬
‫ﺣﻮل اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻷول‬

‫)اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺎت(‬
‫اﻋﺪاد‬
‫اﻟﻤﺪرس ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﻣﺤﻲ ﺗﻮﻣﺎن‬
‫‪٢٠١٤ - ٢٠١٣‬‬
‫ﻣﺪرس اﻟﻤﺎدة ﺳﻌﯿﺪ ﻣﺤﻲ ﺗﻮﻣﺎن‬
‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻷول‪ /‬اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺎت‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /1‬ﻣﺎ ﻣﻘﺪار ﺳﻌﺔ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ اذا ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ أي ﻣﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ ‪ 60µC‬وﻓﺮق اﻟﺠﮭﺪ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﺼﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﻦ ‪12V‬؟‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪60‬‬
‫=‪C‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 5µF‬‬
‫‪∆V‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬
‫ﻣﺜ ﺎل‪ /2‬ﻣ ﺎ ﻣﻘ ﺪار اﻟﻤﺠ ﺎل اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑ ﺎﺋﻲ ﺑ ﯿﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ ﻣﻘ ﺪار ﺳ ﻌﺘﮭﺎ ‪ 20µF‬واﻟ ﺸﺤﻨﺔ ﻋﻠ ﻰ أي ﻣ ﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ‬
‫‪ 120µC‬واﻟﺒﻌﺪ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﺼﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﻦ ‪0.3cm‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪Q 120‬‬
‫=‪C‬‬ ‫= ‪⇒ ∆V‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 6V‬‬
‫‪∆V‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬
‫‪∆V‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬
‫=‪E‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 2000V / m‬‬
‫‪d‬‬ ‫‪0.3 × 10 − 2‬‬
‫ﻣﺜ ﺎل‪ /3‬ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ ﺳ ﻌﺘﮭﺎ ‪ 2μF‬وﺷ ﺤﻨﺘﮭﺎ ‪ 100μC‬واﻟﺒﻌ ﺪ ﺑ ﯿﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ ‪ 0.5cm‬ﻣ ﺎ ﺷ ﺪة اﻟﻤﺠ ﺎل اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑ ﺎﺋﻲ ﺑ ﯿﻦ‬
‫ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ ؟‬
‫‪Q 100‬‬
‫= ‪∆V‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 50V‬‬
‫‪C‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪∆V‬‬ ‫‪50‬‬ ‫‪50‬‬
‫=‪E‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 10000V / m‬‬
‫‪d‬‬ ‫‪0.5 × 10 − 2‬‬ ‫‪5 × 10 −3‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /4‬اذا ﻛﺎن اﻟﻤﺠﺎل اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﻣﺸﺤﻮﻧﺔ ﯾﺴﺎوي ‪ 5000V/m‬واﻟﺒﻌﺪ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟ ﺼﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﻦ ‪0.4cm‬‬
‫اﺣﺴﺐ ﺳﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ اذا ﻋﻠﻤﺖ ان ﻣﻘﺪار اﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ أي ﻣﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ ‪400µC‬؟‬
‫‪∆V‬‬ ‫‪∆V‬‬
‫=‪E‬‬ ‫=‪⇒ 5000‬‬ ‫‪⇒ ∆V = 5000 × 0.4 × 10 −2 = 20V‬‬
‫‪d‬‬ ‫‪0.4 × 10‬‬ ‫‪−2‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪400‬‬
‫=‪C‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 20µF‬‬
‫‪∆V‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /5‬اذا ﻛ ﺎن ﻣﻘ ﺪار اﻟ ﺸﺤﻨﺔ ﻋﻠ ﻰ أي ﻣ ﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ ‪ 80µC‬وﻣﻘ ﺪار ﺳ ﻌﺘﮭﺎ ‪ 5µF‬واﻟﻤﺠ ﺎل اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑ ﺎﺋﻲ ﺑ ﯿﻦ‬
‫ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ ‪ 4000V/m‬ﻓﻤﺎ ﻣﻘﺪار اﻟﺒﻌﺪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ؟‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪80‬‬
‫=‪C‬‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫= ‪∆V‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 16V‬‬
‫‪∆V‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬
‫‪∆V‬‬ ‫‪∆V‬‬ ‫‪16‬‬
‫=‪E‬‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫=‪d‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 4 × 10 −3 m = 0.4cm‬‬
‫‪d‬‬ ‫‪E‬‬ ‫‪4000‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /6‬ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ذات ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﻦ ﻣﺘ ﻮازﯾﯿﻦ اﻟﻤ ﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺑ ﯿﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ )‪ (5mm‬وﻣ ﺴﺎﺣﺔ ﻛ ﻞ ﻣﻨﮭﻤ ﺎ ) ‪ (1m‬ﻓ ﺎذا وﺿ ﻌﺖ‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫اﻟﺼﻔﯿﺤﺘﺎن ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺮاغ وﺷﺤﻨﺘﺎ ﺣﺘﻰ أﺻﺒﺢ ﻓﺮق اﻟﺠﮭﺪ ﺑﯿﻨﮭﻤﺎ )‪ (2×10 4 V‬اﺣﺴﺐ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ﺷﺤﻨﺔ أي ﻣﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ‬ ‫‪ -1‬ﺳﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ‬
‫‪εA‬‬ ‫‪8.85 × 10 × 1‬‬
‫‪−12‬‬
‫= ‪1- C = ο‬‬ ‫‪= 1.77 × 10 −9 F =1770 pF‬‬

‫‪d‬‬ ‫‪5 × 10‬‬ ‫‪−3‬‬
‫‪2- Q = C ∆V = 1.77×10- 9 × 2×10 4 = 3.54×10- 5 C‬‬
‫‪١‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /7‬اﺣﺴﺐ اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻤ ﻗﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ ﻣﻘ ﺪار اﻟ ﺸﺤﻨﺔ ﻋﻠ ﻰ أي ﻣ ﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ ‪ 100µC‬وﻓ ﺮق اﻟﺠﮭ ﺪ‬
‫ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﺼﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﻦ ‪20V‬؟‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪PE = ∆V. Q = × 20 × 100 × 10 −6 = 10 −3 J‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /8‬اﺣﺴﺐ اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﺎل اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺳﻌﺘﮭﺎ ‪ 2μF‬وﻓ ﺮق اﻟﺠﮭ ﺪ ﺑ ﯿﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ‬
‫‪. 500V‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪PE = C.(∆V ) 2 = × 2 × 10 −6 × (500) 2 = 0.25J‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /9‬اﺣﺴﺐ اﻟﻤﺠﺎل اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺳﻌﺘﮭﺎ ‪ 20µF‬واﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﺑ ﯿﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ ‪ 4×10-3J‬اذا‬
‫ﻋﻠﻤﺖ ان اﻟﺒﻌﺪ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﺼﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﻦ ‪. 0.2cm‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪PE = C.(∆V ) 2 ⇒ 4 × 10 −3 = × 20 × 10 −6 (∆V ) 2‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪4 × 10 −3‬‬
‫)‪4 × 10 = 10 × 10 (∆V‬‬
‫‪−3‬‬ ‫‪−6‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫⇒‬ ‫= ) ‪(∆V‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪= 400 ⇒ ∆V = 20V‬‬
‫‪10 × 10 −6‬‬
‫‪∆V‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬
‫=‪E‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 10000 V / m‬‬
‫‪d‬‬ ‫‪0.2 × 10 − 2‬‬
‫ﻣﺜ ﺎل‪ /10‬اذا ﻛ ﺎن اﻟﻤﺠ ﺎل اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑ ﺎﺋﻲ ﺑ ﯿﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ ﻣ ﺸﺤﻮﻧﺔ ‪ 6000V/m‬واﻟﺒﻌ ﺪ ﺑ ﯿﻦ اﻟ ﺼﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﻦ ‪0.1cm‬‬
‫واﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ ‪ 72×10-5J‬اﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﻘﺪار ﺳﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ؟‬
‫‪∆V‬‬ ‫‪∆V‬‬
‫=‪E‬‬ ‫= ‪⇒ 6000‬‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫‪∆V = 6000 × 10 −3 = 6V‬‬
‫‪d‬‬ ‫‪0.1 × 10‬‬ ‫‪−2‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫‪PE = C.(∆V ) 2 ⇒ 72 × 10 −5 = C.(6) 2 ⇒ 72 × 10 −5 = C × 36‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪72 × 10‬‬ ‫‪−5‬‬
‫=‪C‬‬ ‫‪= 4 × 10 −5 F = 40µF‬‬

‫‪18‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /11‬ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ذات ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﻦ ﻣﺘﻮازﯾﺘﯿﻦ ﺳﻌﺘﮭﺎ ‪ 5μF‬وﺻﻠﺖ ﺑﺒﻄﺎرﯾﺔ ﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪھﺎ ‪ 200V‬ﺟﺪ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -1‬اﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺳﻮف ﺗﺘﻜﻮن ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ﻟﻮ ادﺧﻞ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﻣﺎدة ﻋﺎزﻟﺔ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻋﺰﻟﮭﺎ )‪ (2‬ﻛﻢ ﺗﺼﺒﺢ ﺷﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -3‬ﻟﻮ ﻗﻄﻊ اﻻﺗﺼﺎل ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ واﻟﻤﺼﺪر ﺑﻌﺪ ذﻟ ﻚ ﺛ ﻢ اﺧ ﺮج اﻟﻌ ﺎزل ﻛ ﻢ ﺗ ﺼﺒﺢ اﻟ ﺸﺤﻨﺔ وﻛ ﻢ ﯾ ﺼﺒﺢ ﻓ ﺮق‬
‫اﻟﺠﮭﺪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫‪1- Q =C . ∆V =5 × 200 =1000µC‬‬
‫‪2- Qk = k Q =2 × 1000 =2000µC‬‬
‫)ﻻن اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﻓﺼﻠﺖ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤﺼﺪر( ‪3- Q = Qk =2000µC‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪2000‬‬
‫= ‪∆V‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 400 V‬‬
‫‪C‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬
‫‪٢‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /12‬ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ذات اﻟﺼﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﺘﻮازﯾﺘﯿﻦ ﺳﻌﺘﮭﺎ )‪ (10µF‬ﺷﺤﻨﺖ ﺑﻮﺳﺎﻃﺔ ﺑﻄﺎرﯾﺔ ﻓﺮق اﻟﺠﮭﺪ ﺑ ﯿﻦ ﻗﻄﺒﯿﮭ ﺎ ‪12V‬‬
‫ﺛﻢ ﻓﺼﻠﺖ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺒﻄﺎرﯾﺔ وادﺧﻞ ﻋﺎزل ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﺼﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﻦ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻋﺰﻟﮫ ‪ 2‬ﺑﺤﯿﺚ ﯾﻤﻸ اﻟﺤﯿﺰ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﺼﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﻦ اﺣﺴﺐ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -1‬اﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ أي ﻣﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﺳﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ادﺧﺎل اﻟﻌﺎزل اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٣‬ﻓﺮق اﻟﺠﮭﺪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ادﺧﺎل اﻟﻌﺎزل‪.‬‬
‫‪1- Q =C.∆V =10×12=120µC‬‬
‫‪2- Ck =k C =2×10 =20µF‬‬
‫‪∆V 12‬‬
‫= ‪3- ∆Vk‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 6V‬‬
‫‪k‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪120‬‬
‫= ‪Or ∆Vk = k‬‬ ‫‪= 6V‬‬
‫‪Ck‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /13‬ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺳﻌﺘﮭﺎ ‪ 5µF‬ﺷﺤﻨﺖ ﺑﻮﺳﺎﻃﺔ ﺑﻄﺎرﯾﺔ ﺑﺸﺤﻨﺔ ﻣﻘﺪارھﺎ ‪ 60µC‬ﺛﻢ ﻓﺼﻠﺖ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺒﻄﺎرﯾ ﺔ وادﺧ ﻞ ﻋ ﺎزل‬
‫ﻛﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻋﺰﻟﮫ ‪ 2‬ﻣﺎ ﻣﻘﺪار‪:‬‬
‫‪ -1‬ﺳﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ وﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪھﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻌﺎزل ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ وﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻌﺎزل‪.‬‬
‫‪1- Ck=k C =2 × 5=10µF‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪60‬‬
‫= ‪∆Vk = k‬‬ ‫‪= 6V‬‬
‫‪Ck‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬
‫‪or‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪60‬‬
‫= ‪∆V‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 12V‬‬
‫‪C‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬
‫‪∆V 12‬‬
‫= ‪∴ ∆Vk‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 6V‬‬
‫‪k‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪2- PE = ∆V. Q = × 12 × 60 × 10 − 6 = 360 × 10 −6 = 36 × 10 −5 J‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪PE k = ∆Vk .Q k = × 6 × 60 × 10 −6 = 180 × 10 −6 = 18 × 10 −5 J‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /14‬ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺳﻌﺘﮭﺎ ‪ 12µF‬وﻣﻘﺪار اﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ ﻋﻠ ﻰ أي ﻣ ﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ ‪ 600µc‬وﻏﯿ ﺮ ﻣﺘ ﺼﻠﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻤ ﺼﺪر ﻓ ﺎذا ادﺧ ﻞ‬
‫ﻋﺎزل ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻋﺰﻟﮫ ‪ 5‬ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ اﺻﺒﺢ اﻟﻤﺠﺎل اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ‪ 10000V/m‬اﺣﺴﺐ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -1‬ﺳﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ادﺧﺎل اﻟﻌﺎزل‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬اﻟﺒﻌﺪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪1- Ck=k C =5 × 12 =60µF‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪600‬‬
‫= ‪2- ∆Vk = k‬‬ ‫‪= 10V‬‬
‫‪Ck‬‬ ‫‪60‬‬
‫‪∆Vk‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬
‫= ‪Ek‬‬ ‫= ‪⇒ 10000‬‬ ‫‪⇒ d=0.001m=0.1cm‬‬
‫‪d‬‬ ‫‪d‬‬
‫‪٣‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /15‬ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ذات اﻟﺼﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﺘﻮازﯾﺘﯿﻦ ﺳﻌﺘﮭﺎ ‪ 20µF‬ﺷﺤﻨﺖ ﺑﻮﺳﺎﻃﺔ ﺑﻄﺎرﯾﺔ ﻓ ﺮق اﻟﺠﮭ ﺪ ﺑ ﯿﻦ ﻗﻄﺒﯿﮭ ﺎ ‪ 6V‬ﺛ ﻢ‬
‫ادﺧﻞ ﻋﺎزل ﻛﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ واﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﻻزاﻟﺖ ﻣﺘﺼﻠﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻄﺎرﯾﺔ ﻓﺎﺻﺒﺤﺖ ﺳﻌﺘﮭﺎ ‪ 60µF‬ﻣﺎ ﻣﻘﺪار‪:‬‬
‫‪ -1‬ﺛﺎﺑﺖ اﻟﻌﺰل اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﻟﻠﻮح اﻟﻌﺎزل‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬اﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ ﻋﻞ أي ﻣﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ادﺧﺎل اﻟﻌﺎزل‪.‬‬
‫‪ -3‬اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﺎل اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﺼﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ وﺑﻌﺪ ادﺧﺎل اﻟﻌﺎزل‪.‬‬
‫‪ -4‬اﻟﻤﺠﺎل اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﺼﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﻦ ﺑﻌﺪ ادﺧﺎل اﻟﻌﺎزل اذا ﻛﺎن اﻟﺒﻌﺪ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﺼﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﻦ ‪.0.5cm‬‬
‫‪C‬‬ ‫‪60‬‬
‫= ‪1- k = k‬‬ ‫‪=3‬‬
‫‪C‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬
‫‪2- Qk = Ck . ∆Vk = 60×6=360µC‬‬
‫‪or Q = C .∆V =20 × 6 =120µC‬‬
‫‪Qk = k Q = 3 × 120 = 360µC‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪3- PE = ∆V. Q = × 6 × 120 × 10 − 6 = 360 × 10 −6 = 36 × 10 −5 J‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪PE k = ∆Vk .Q k = × 6 × 360 × 10 −6 = 1080 × 10 −6 = 108 × 10 −5 J‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪or PE k = kPE = 3 × 36 × 10 −5 = 108 × 10 −5 J‬‬
‫‪∆Vk‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬
‫= ‪4- E k‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 1200 V / m‬‬
‫‪d‬‬ ‫‪0.5 × 10 − 2‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /16‬ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ذات اﻟﺼﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﺘﻮازﯾﺘﯿﻦ ﺷﺤﻨﺖ ﺑﻮﺳﺎﻃﺔ ﺑﻄﺎرﯾﺔ ﻓﺮق اﻟﺠﮭﺪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻗﻄﺒﯿﮭﺎ ‪ 20V‬ﻓﺎذا ادﺧﻞ ﻋ ﺎزل‬
‫ﻛﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﺼﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﻦ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻋﺰﻟﮫ ‪ 4‬واﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﻻ زاﻟﺖ ﻣﺘﺼﻠﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻄﺎرﯾﺔ اﺻﺒﺤﺖ ﺷﺤﻨﺘﮭﺎ ‪ 400µC‬اﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﻘﺪار‪:‬‬
‫‪ -1‬ﺳﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﻗﺒﻞ ادﺧﺎل اﻟﻌﺎزل‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ﻣﻘﺪار اﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ ﻗﺒﻞ ادﺧﺎل اﻟﻌﺎزل‪.‬‬
‫‪ -3‬ﻣﻘﺪار اﻟﺰﯾﺎدة ﻓﻲ اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﺎل اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﺼﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﻦ‪.‬‬
‫‪Qk‬‬ ‫‪400‬‬
‫= ‪1- C k‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 20µF‬‬
‫‪∆Vk‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬
‫‪C‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬
‫⇒ ‪C k = kC‬‬ ‫= ‪C= k‬‬ ‫‪= 5µF‬‬
‫‪k‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫‪2- Q = C.∆V =5 × 20 =100µC‬‬
‫‪Or Qk = k Q ⇒ 400 =4Q ⇒ Q =100µC‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪3- PE = ∆V. Q = × 20 × 100 × 10 −6 = 10 −3 J‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪PE k = ∆Vk .Q k = × 20 × 400 × 10 −6 = 4 × 10 −3 J‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪∴ ∆PE = PE k − PE = 4 × 10 −3 − 10 −3 = 3 × 10 −3 J‬‬
‫‪٤‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /17‬رﺑﻄﺖ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﻰ ﻃﺮﻓﻲ ﻣﺼﺪر ﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪه ‪ 20V‬ﺛﻢ ادﺧﻞ ﻋﺎزل ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ ﺛﺎﺑ ﺖ ﻋﺰﻟ ﮫ ‪ 4‬ﻓﺄﺻ ﺒﺤﺖ‬
‫اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﺼﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﻦ ‪ 32×10-4J‬اﺣﺴﺐ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -2‬اﻟﻤﺠﺎل اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﺼﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﻦ ﺑﻌﺪ ادﺧﺎل اﻟﻌﺎزل اذا ﻛﺎن اﻟﺒﻌﺪ ﺑﯿﻨﮭﻤﺎ ‪.0.1cm‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪1- PE k = C k .(∆VK ) 2 ⇒ 32 × 10 − 4 = C k (20) 2 ⇒ 64 × 10 −4 = 400C k‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪64 × 10‬‬ ‫‪−4‬‬
‫= ‪Ck‬‬ ‫‪= 16 × 10 −6 F = 16µF‬‬

‫‪400‬‬
‫‪Ck=k C ⇒ 16 =4C ⇒ C=4µF‬‬
‫‪∆Vk‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬
‫= ‪2- E k‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 20 × 10 3 = 20000 V / m‬‬
‫‪d‬‬ ‫‪0.1 × 10‬‬ ‫‪−2‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /18‬ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﻣﺸﺤﻮﻧﺔ ﻣﻘ ﺪار ﺷ ﺤﻨﺘﮭﺎ ‪ 300µc‬وﻏﯿ ﺮ ﻣﺘ ﺼﻠﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻤ ﺼﺪر ادﺧ ﻞ ﻋ ﺎزل ﺑ ﯿﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ ﺛﺎﺑ ﺖ ﻋﺰﻟ ﮫ‬
‫اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ‪ 5‬ﻓﺄﺻﺒﺤﺖ اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﺼﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﻦ ‪ 0.003J‬اﺣﺴﺐ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -2‬اﻟﻤﺠﺎل اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﻌﺪ ادﺧﺎل اﻟﻌﺎزل اذا ﻋﻠﻤﺖ ان اﻟﺒﻌﺪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ ‪.0.2cm‬‬
‫‪1 Qk‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫) ‪(300 × 10‬‬
‫‪−6 2‬‬
‫= ‪1- PE k‬‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫= ‪0.003‬‬ ‫‪⇒ 6×10-3Ck=90000×10-12‬‬

‫‪2 Ck‬‬ ‫‪2C k‬‬
‫‪90000 × 10 −12‬‬
‫= ‪Ck‬‬ ‫‪= 15 × 10 −6 F = 15µF‬‬
‫‪6 × 10‬‬ ‫‪−3‬‬
‫‪Ck =k C ⇒ 15=5C ⇒ C=3µF‬‬

‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬
‫= ‪2- ∆Vk = k‬‬ ‫‪= 20V‬‬
‫‪Ck‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬
‫‪∆Vk‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬
‫= ‪Ek‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 10000 V / m‬‬
‫‪d‬‬ ‫‪0.2 × 10 − 2‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /19‬اذا ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺳﻌﺔ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﻣﺘﺼﻠﺔ ﺑﻤﺼﺪر ‪ 10µF‬وﻣﻘ ﺪار اﻟ ﺸﺤﻨﺔ ﻋﻠ ﻰ أي ﻣ ﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ ‪ 400µC‬ﻓ ﺎذا ادﺧ ﻞ‬
‫ﻋﺎزل ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻋﺰﻟﮫ اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ‪ 2‬ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﺼﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﻦ واﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﻻ زاﻟﺖ ﻣﺘﺼﻠﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺼﺪر ﻣﺎ ﻣﻘﺪار‪:‬‬
‫‪ -1‬ﺳﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ادﺧﺎل اﻟﻌﺎزل‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﺼﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ وﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻌﺎزل‪.‬‬
‫‪1- Ck = k C =2 × 10 =20µF‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪400‬‬
‫= ‪2- ∆V‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 40V‬‬
‫‪C‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬
‫‪Qk =k Q =2 × 400 =800µC‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫= ‪PE‬‬ ‫‪∆V. Q = × 40 × 400 × 10 −6 = 8000 × 10 −6 = 8 × 10 −3 J‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪PE k = ∆Vk .Q k = × 40 × 800 × 10 −6 = 16000 × 10 −6 = 16 × 10 −3 J‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪or PEk=kPE =2×8×10-3=16×10-3J‬‬
‫‪٥‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /20‬ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺳﻌﺘﮭﺎ ‪ 12µF‬اﻟﮭﻮاء ﻋﺎزل ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ ﺷﺤﻨﺖ ﺑﻮﺳﺎﻃﺔ ﺑﻄﺎرﯾﺔ ﻓﺮق اﻟﺠﮭﺪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻗﻄﺒﯿﮭﺎ ‪ 10V‬ﺛﻢ‬
‫ﻓﺼﻠﺖ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺒﻄﺎرﯾﺔ وادﺧﻞ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ ﻟﻮح ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎدة ﻋﺎزﻟﺔ ﻛﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﯿﺎ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻋﺰﻟﮭﺎ ‪ 5‬ﻣﺎ ﻣﻘﺪار‪:‬‬
‫‪ -1‬اﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ أي ﻣﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﻗﺒﻞ وﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻌﺎزل‪.‬‬
‫‪ -3‬ﻓﺮق اﻟﺠﮭﺪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ ﺑﻮﺟﻮد اﻟﻌﺎزل‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -2‬ﺳﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺑﻮﺟﻮد اﻟﻌﺎزل‪.‬‬
‫‪ -4‬اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﺎل اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﺼﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ وﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻌﺎزل‪.‬‬
‫‪1-‬‬ ‫‪Q =C . ∆V=12 × 10=120µC‬‬
‫‪ Q‬اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﻓﺼﻠﺖ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺒﻄﺎرﯾﺔ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‬
‫‪Qk = Q =120µC‬‬
‫‪2- Ck =kC=5 × 12=60µF‬‬
‫‪Qk‬‬ ‫‪120‬‬
‫‪3-‬‬ ‫= ‪∆Vk‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 2V‬‬
‫‪Ck‬‬ ‫‪60‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫= ‪4- PE‬‬ ‫= ‪∆V.Q‬‬ ‫‪× 10 × 120 × 10 − 6 = 6 × 10 − 4 J‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪PE k = ∆Vk .Q k = × 2 × 120 × 10 − 6 = 12 × 10 −5 J‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫ﻣﺜ ﺎل‪ /21‬ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ ﺳ ﻌﺘﮭﺎ ‪ 20µF‬ﻣ ﺸﺤﻮﻧﺔ وﻣﻔ ﺼﻮﻟﺔ ﻋ ﻦ اﻟﻤ ﺼﺪر وﻛ ﺎن ﻣﻘ ﺪار اﻟ ﺸﺤﻨﺔ ﻋﻠ ﻰ أي ﻣ ﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ‬
‫‪ ، 600µC‬ادﺧﻞ ﻋﺎزل ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﺼﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﻦ ﻓﺎزدادت ﺳﻌﺘﮭﺎ ﺑﻤﻘﺪار ‪ 40µF‬اﺣﺴﺐ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -1‬ﺛﺎﺑﺖ اﻟﻌﺰل اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬اﻟﻤﺠﺎل اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﺼﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﻦ اذا ﻛﺎن اﻟﺒﻌﺪ ﺑﯿﻨﮭﻤﺎ ‪.0.2cm‬‬
‫‪1- Ck=C + ∆C =20 + 40=60µF‬‬
‫‪C‬‬ ‫‪60‬‬
‫= ‪k= k‬‬ ‫‪=3‬‬
‫‪C‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪600‬‬
‫= ‪2- ∆Vk = k‬‬ ‫‪= 10V‬‬
‫‪Ck‬‬ ‫‪60‬‬
‫‪∆Vk‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬
‫= ‪Ek‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 5000V / m‬‬
‫‪d‬‬ ‫‪0.2 × 10 − 2‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /22‬ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ذات اﻟﺼﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﺘﻮازﯾﺘﯿﻦ ﻛ ﻞ ﻣ ﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ ﻣﺮﺑﻌ ﺔ اﻟ ﺸﻜﻞ ﻃ ﻮل ﺿ ﻠﻊ ﻛ ﻞ ﻣﻨﮭ ﺎ ‪ 5cm‬وﯾﻔ ﺼﻞ‬
‫ﺑﯿﻨﮭﻤﺎ اﻟﻔﺮاغ ﻓﺈذا ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺳﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ ‪ 5pF‬ﻣﺎ ﻣﻘﺪار ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -١‬اﻟﺒﻌﺪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬اﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ أي ﻣﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺗﺴﻠﯿﻂ ﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ ﻣﻘﺪاره ‪ 12V‬ﻣﻊ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ ان ﺳﻤﺎﺣﯿﺔ اﻟﻔﺮاغ‬
‫‪-2‬‬ ‫‪-4 2‬‬
‫‪1- A=(5×10 ) =25 ×10 m‬‬
‫‪εοA‬‬ ‫‪8.85 × 10 −12 × 25 × 10 −4‬‬
‫=‪C‬‬ ‫= ‪⇒ 5 × 10‬‬ ‫‪−12‬‬
‫‪d‬‬ ‫‪d‬‬
‫‪8.85 × 25 × 10 × 10‬‬
‫‪−12‬‬ ‫‪−4‬‬
‫=‪d‬‬ ‫‪= 44.25m‬‬

‫‪5 × 10 −12‬‬
‫‪2- Q= C . ∆V =5 × 12 =60PC‬‬
‫‪٦‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /23‬ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ذات اﻟﺼﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﺘﻮازﯾﺘﯿﻦ اﻟﺒﻌﺪ ﺑﯿﻨﮭﻤ ﺎ ‪ 0.5cm‬وﻣ ﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟ ﺼﻔﯿﺤﺔ ‪ 25cm2‬ﯾﻔ ﺼﻞ ﺑﯿﻨﮭﻤ ﺎ ﻋ ﺎزل‬
‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻋﺰﻟﮫ ‪ 5‬رﺑﻄﺖ ﻟﻤﺼﺪر ﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪه اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ‪ 100V‬اﺣﺴﺐ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -3‬اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﺎل اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ‬ ‫‪ -2‬ﺷﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ‬ ‫‪ -1‬ﺳﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ‬
‫‪A‬‬ ‫‪25 × 10‬‬ ‫‪−4‬‬
‫‪1- C k = kε ο‬‬ ‫× ‪= 5 × 8.85 × 10 −12‬‬ ‫‪= 221.25 × 10 −13 F‬‬

‫‪d‬‬ ‫‪0.5 × 10‬‬ ‫‪−2‬‬
‫‪2- Qk =Ck . ∆V =221.25×10 × 100 =221.25×10-11C‬‬

‫‪-13‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪3- PE k = ∆V.Q k = × 100 × 221.25 × 10 −11 = 11062.5 × 10 −11 J‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /24‬ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺘﺎن )‪ (1μF , 4μF‬ﻣﻮﺻ ﻮﻟﺘﺎن ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮازي ﻓ ﺈذا ﺷ ﺤﻨﺘﺎ ﺣﺘ ﻰ أﺻ ﺒﺢ ﻓ ﺮق ﺟﮭ ﺪ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋ ﺔ ‪120V‬‬
‫اﺣﺴﺐ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -2‬اﻟﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﻜﺎﻓﺌﺔ ﻟﮭﻤﺎ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -1‬ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ أي ﻣﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ Q‬اﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺗﻮازي ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ‪∆VT = ∆V1 = ∆V2 =120V‬‬
‫‪Q1 =C1 . ∆V1 =1 × 120=120µC , Q2 =C2 . ∆V2 =4 × 120 =480µC‬‬
‫‪Ceq = C1 + C2 =1 + 4 =5µF‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /25‬رﺑﻄﺖ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺘﺎن )‪ (C1=2µF , C2=5µF‬ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮازي وﺷﺤﻨﺖ اﻟﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﻜﺎﻓﺌﺔ ﻟﮭﻤﺎ ﺑـ )‪. (280µC‬‬
‫اﺣﺴﺐ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﻣﻘﺪار‪:‬‬
‫‪ -1‬اﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ أي ﻣﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﺎل اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪1- Ceq =C1 + C2 =2 + 5=7µF‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪280‬‬
‫= ‪∆VT = T‬‬ ‫‪= 40V‬‬
‫‪C eq‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬
‫‪ Q‬اﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺗﻮازي ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ‪∆VT =∆V1 = ∆V2 =40V‬‬
‫‪Q1 =C1 . ∆V1 =2 × 40 = 80µC , Q2 =C2 . ∆V2 =5 × 40 =200µC‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪2- PE 1 = ∆V1 .Q1 = × 40 × 80 × 10 −6 = 16 × 10 − 4 J‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪PE 2 = ∆V2 .Q 2 = × 40 × 200 × 10 − 6 = 4 × 10 −3 J‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /26‬ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺘﺎن )‪ (3µF,5µF‬ﻣﻮﺻﻠﺘﺎن ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮازي وﺻﻠﺘﺎ اﻟﻰ ﺑﻄﺎرﯾﺔ ﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪھﺎ ‪ 12V‬اﺣﺴﺐ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -1‬اﻟﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﻜﺎﻓﺌﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ‪ -2‬ﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ‪ -3‬ﺷﺤﻨﺔ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ واﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻜﻠﯿﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪1- Ceq=C1 + C2 =3 + 5 =8µF‬‬
‫‪2- ∆V1 = ∆V2 = ∆VT =12V‬‬ ‫)ﺗﻮازي(‬
‫‪3- Q1 =C1 . ∆V1 =3 × 12 =36µC , Q2 =C2 . ∆V2 =5 × 12 =60µC‬‬
‫‪QT =Q1 + Q2 =36 + 60 =96µC‬‬
‫‪or‬‬
‫‪QT =Ceq . ∆VT =8 × 12 =96µC‬‬
‫‪٧‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /27‬رﺑﻄﺖ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺘﺎن )‪ (C1=2µF , C2=5µF‬ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮازي ﻣﻊ ﺑﻌﻀﮭﻤﺎ ووﺻﻠﺖ اﻟﻰ ﻣﺼﺪر ﻓﻜﺎﻧﺖ اﻟ ﺸﺤﻨﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ اﻻوﻟﻰ )‪ (96µC‬ﻓﻤﺎ ﻣﻘﺪار‪:‬‬
‫‪ -1‬ﺷﺤﻨﺔ وﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ؟‬
‫‪ -2‬اﻟﻤﺠﺎل اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ اﻻوﻟﻰ اذا ﻛﺎن اﻟﺒﻌﺪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ ‪.0.4cm‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪96‬‬
‫= ‪1- ∆V1 = 1‬‬ ‫‪= 48V‬‬
‫‪C1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪ Q‬اﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺗﻮازي ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ‪∆V2 = ∆V1 =48V‬‬
‫‪Q2=C2 . ∆V2 =5 × 48 =240µC‬‬
‫‪∆V1‬‬ ‫‪48‬‬
‫= ‪2- E 1‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 12000 V / m‬‬
‫‪d‬‬ ‫‪0.4 × 10 − 2‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /28‬ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺘﺎن )‪ (4µF,6µF‬ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﺘﺎن ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮازي وﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻜﻠﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ‪ 120µC‬اﺣﺴﺐ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -2‬اﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ أي ﻣﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -1‬ﻓﺮق اﻟﺠﮭﺪ اﻟﻜﻠﻲ وﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ‬
‫‪ -3‬اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ واﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻜﻠﯿﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪1- Ceq =C1 + C2 =4 + 6=10µF‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪120‬‬
‫= ‪∆VT = T‬‬ ‫‪= 12V‬‬
‫‪C eq‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬
‫‪∆V1 = ∆V2 = ∆VT =12V‬‬ ‫)ﺗﻮازي(‬
‫‪2- Q1 =C1 . ∆V1 =4 × 12 =48µC‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪Q2 =C2 . ∆V2 =6 × 12=72µC‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪3- PE 1 = ∆V1 .Q1 = × 12 × 48 × 10 − 6 = 288 × 10 − 6 J‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪PE 2 = ∆V2 .Q 2 = × 12 × 72 × 10 −6 = 432 × 10 −6 J‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪PE T = PE 1 + PE 2 = 288 × 10 −6 + 432 × 10 −6 = 720 × 10 −6 J‬‬
‫‪or‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪PE T = ∆VT .Q T = × 12 × 120 × 10 −6 = 720 × 10 −6 J‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /29‬ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺘﺎن )‪ (5µF,10µF‬ﻣﻮﺻﻮﻟﺘﺎن ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮازي وﺻﻠﺘﺎ اﻟﻰ ﺑﻄﺎرﯾﺔ وﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ اﻷوﻟ ﻰ‬
‫‪ 200µC‬اﺣﺴﺐ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -1‬اﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ واﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻜﻠﯿﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬اﻟﻤﺠﺎل اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ اذا ﻛﺎن اﻟﺒﻌﺪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ ‪.0.5cm‬‬
‫‪1- Ceq =C1 + C2 =5 + 10 =15µF‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪200‬‬
‫= ‪∆V1 = 1‬‬ ‫‪= 40V‬‬
‫‪C1‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬
‫‪ Q‬اﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺗﻮازي ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ‪∆V1=∆V2=∆VT=40V‬‬
‫‪Q2 =C2 . ∆V2=10 × 40=400µC‬‬
‫‪QT =Q1 + Q2 =200 + 400 =600µC‬‬
‫‪∆V1‬‬ ‫‪40‬‬
‫= ‪2- E 1‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 8000V / m‬‬
‫‪d‬‬ ‫‪0.5 × 10 − 2‬‬
‫‪٨‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /30‬ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺘﺎن )‪ (C1,20µF‬ﻣﻮﺻ ﻮﻟﺘﺎن ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮازي وﻛﺎﻧ ﺖ اﻟ ﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﻜﺎﻓﺌ ﺔ ﻟﮭﻤ ﺎ ‪ 30µF‬واﻟﻤﺠ ﺎل اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑ ﺎﺋﻲ‬
‫ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ )‪ 5000V/m (C1‬واﻟﺒﻌﺪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ ‪ 0.4cm‬اﺣﺴﺐ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -3‬اﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ‬ ‫‪ -2‬ﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ وﻓﺮق اﻟﺠﮭﺪ اﻟﻜﻠﻲ‬ ‫‪ -١‬ﺳﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ )‪.(C1‬‬
‫‪ -4‬اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ اﻟﻜﻠﯿﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫⇒ ‪1- Ceq =C1 + C2 ⇒ 30 = C1 + 20‬‬ ‫‪C1 = 30 − 20 = 10µF‬‬
‫‪∆V1‬‬ ‫‪∆V1‬‬
‫= ‪2- E 1‬‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫= ‪5000‬‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫‪∆V1 = 5000 × 4 × 10 −3 = 20V‬‬
‫‪d‬‬ ‫‪0.4 × 10‬‬ ‫‪−2‬‬
‫‪ Q‬اﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺗﻮازي ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ‪∆V1=∆V2=∆VT=20V‬‬

‫‪3- Q1=C1 . ∆V1=10 × 20=200µC , Q2=C2 . ∆V2=20 × 20=400µC‬‬
‫‪QT =Q1 + Q2 =200 + 400 =600µC‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪4- PE T = ∆VT .Q T = × 20 × 600 × 10 −6 = 6 × 10 −3 J‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /31‬ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺘﺎن )‪ (6µF,C2‬ﻣﻮﺻﻮﻟﺘﺎن ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮازي ‪ ،‬وﺻﻠﺘﺎ اﻟﻰ ﺑﻄﺎرﯾﺔ ﻓﻜﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧ ﺔ ﺑ ﯿﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ ‪ 72×10-6J‬واﻟﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﻜﺎﻓﺌﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ‪ 10µF‬ﺟﺪ ﻣﻘﺪار‪:‬‬
‫‪ -٣‬اﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ واﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻜﻠﯿﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -2‬ﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ وﻓﺮق اﻟﺠﮭﺪ اﻟﻜﻠﻲ‬ ‫‪ -1‬ﺳﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ ‪. C2‬‬
‫‪1- Ceq=C1 + C2 ⇒ 10 =6 + C2‬‬ ‫‪⇒ C2=10 – 6 =4µF‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪2- PE 2 = C 2 .(∆V2 ) 2‬‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫‪72 × 10 −6 = × 4 × 10 −6 (∆V2 ) 2‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪72‬‬
‫= ‪(∆V2 ) 2‬‬ ‫‪= 36‬‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫‪∆V2 =6V‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪ Q‬اﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺗﻮازي ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ‪∆V2 = ∆V1 = ∆VT =6V‬‬
‫‪3- Q1 =C1 . ∆V1 =6 × 6 =36µC , Q2 =C2 . ∆V2 =4 × 6=24µC‬‬
‫‪QT = Q1 + QT =36 + 24 =60µC‬‬
‫ﻣﺜ ﺎل‪ /32‬ارﺑ ﻊ ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺎت )‪ (4µF,12µF,8µF,6µF‬ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃ ﺔ ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮازي وﻛﺎﻧ ﺖ اﻟﻄﺎﻗ ﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧ ﺔ ﻓ ﻲ اﻟﻤﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ‪ 256×10-6J‬اﺣﺴﺐ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -3‬ﺷﺤﻨﺔ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ واﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻜﻠﯿﺔ‬ ‫‪ -1‬اﻟﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﻜﺎﻓﺌﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ‪ -2 .‬ﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ وﻓﺮق اﻟﺠﮭﺪ اﻟﻜﻠﻲ‬
‫‪ -4‬اﻟﻤﺠﺎل اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ اذا ﻛﺎن اﻟﺒﻌﺪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ ‪.0.4cm‬‬
‫‪1- Ceq=C1 + C2 + C3 + C4 =4 + 12 + 8 + 6=30µF‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪2- PE 3 = C 3 .(∆V3 ) 2 ⇒ 256 × 10 − 6 = × 8 × 10 −6 × (∆V3 ) 2‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪256 × 10‬‬ ‫‪−6‬‬
‫= ‪(∆V3 ) 2‬‬ ‫‪= 64 ⇒ ∆V3 = 8V‬‬

‫‪4 × 10 −6‬‬
‫‪3- ∆V1=∆V2=∆V3=∆V4=∆V4=8V‬‬
‫‪4- Q1 =C1 .∆V1 =4 × 8=32µC , Q2 =C2 . ∆V2 =12 × 8=96µC‬‬
‫‪Q3 =C3 . ∆V3 =8 × 8=64µC , Q4 =C4 . ∆V4 =6 × 8=48µC‬‬
‫‪QT =Q1 + Q2 + Q3 + Q4 =32 + 96 + 64 + 48 =240µC‬‬
‫‪٩‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /33‬ارﺑﻊ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺎت ﺳﻌﺔ ﻛﻞ واﺣﺪة ﻣﻨﮭﺎ )‪ (C‬وﺻﻠﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮازي ﺛﻢ وﺻﻠﺖ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ اﻟﻰ ﻣﺼﺪر ﻓﺮق اﻟﺠﮭﺪ‬
‫ﺑﯿﻦ ﻗﻄﺒﯿﺔ ‪ 30V‬ﻓﺎذا ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ‪ 240µC‬ﻓﻤﺎ ﺳﻌﺔ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ وﺷﺤﻨﺘﮭﺎ؟‬
‫‪QT‬‬ ‫‪240‬‬
‫= ‪C eq‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 8µF‬‬
‫‪∆VT‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬
‫‪Ceq =nC ⇒ 8=4C ⇒ C=2µF‬‬
‫‪Q1=C1.∆V1=2 × 30=60µC , Q2=C2.∆V2=2 × 30 =60µC‬‬
‫‪Q3=C3.∆V3=2 × 30=60µC , Q4=C4.∆V4=2 × 30 =60µC‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /34‬ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺘﺎن )‪ (3µF,6µF‬ﻣﻮﺻﻮﻟﺘﺎن ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮاﻟﻲ وﺻﻠﺘﺎ إﻟﻰ ﺑﻄﺎرﯾﺔ ﻓﺮق اﻟﺠﮭﺪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻗﻄﺒﯿﮭﺎ ‪ 60V‬اﺣﺴﺐ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -3‬ﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -2‬اﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻜﻠﯿﺔ وﺷﺤﻨﺔ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ‬ ‫‪ -1‬اﻟﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﻜﺎﻓﺌﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2 +1 3‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪1-‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫‪= +‬‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬
‫‪C eq‬‬ ‫‪C1‬‬ ‫‪C2‬‬ ‫‪C eq‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪C eq‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪∴ Ceq=2µF‬‬
‫‪2- QT =Ceq . ∆VT =2 × 60=120µC‬‬
‫‪QT = Q1 = Q2 =120µC‬‬ ‫)ﺗﻮاﻟﻲ(‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪120‬‬ ‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪120‬‬
‫= ‪3- ∆V1 = 1‬‬ ‫= ‪= 40V , ∆V2 = 2‬‬ ‫‪= 20V‬‬
‫‪C1‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪C2‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬
‫ﻣﺜ ﺎل‪ /35‬ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺘﺎن )‪ (12µF,6µF‬ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﺘ ﺎن ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮاﻟﻲ وﺻ ﻠﺘﺎ إﻟ ﻰ ﺑﻄﺎرﯾ ﺔ وﺷ ﺤﻨﺖ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺘﮭﻤ ﺎ ﺑ ﺸﺤﻨﺔ ﻛﻠﯿ ﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺪارھﺎ ‪ 60µC‬اﺣﺴﺐ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ وﻓﺮق اﻟﺠﮭﺪ اﻟﻜﻠﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -1‬اﻟﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﻜﺎﻓﺌﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٣‬اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ واﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻜﻠﯿﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1+ 2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪1-‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬
‫‪C eq‬‬ ‫‪C1‬‬ ‫‪C2‬‬ ‫‪C eq‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪C eq‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫‪∴ Ceq=4µF‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪60‬‬ ‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪60‬‬
‫= ‪2- ∆V1 = 1‬‬ ‫= ‪= 5V , ∆V2 = 2‬‬ ‫‪= 10V‬‬
‫‪C1‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪C2‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬
‫‪∆VT =∆V1 + ∆V2 =5 + 10=15V‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪3- PE 1 = ∆V1 .Q1 = × 5 × 60 × 10 −6 = 150 × 10 −6 J‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪PE 2 = ∆V2 .Q 2 = × 10 × 60 × 10 −6 = 300 × 10 −6 J‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪PET =PE1 + PE2 =150×10-6 + 300×10-6 =450×10-6J‬‬
‫‪١٠‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /36‬رﺑﻄﺖ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺘﺎن )‪ (6μF , 3μF‬ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮاﻟﻲ وﺷﺤﻨﺖ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺑﺸﺤﻨﺔ ‪ 200μC‬اﺣﺴﺐ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -3‬ﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ‬ ‫‪ -2‬ﺷﺤﻨﺔ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ‬ ‫‪ -1‬ﻓﺮق اﻟﺠﮭﺪ اﻟﺸﺎﺣﻦ‬
‫‪ -5‬اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ‬ ‫‪ -4‬اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ‬
‫‪C1 .C 2‬‬ ‫‪6 × 3 18‬‬
‫= ‪1- C eq‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 2µF‬‬
‫‪C1 + C 2‬‬ ‫‪6+3‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪200‬‬
‫= ‪∆Vtotal = total‬‬ ‫‪= 100 V‬‬
‫‪C eq‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫ﺑﻤﺎ ان اﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺗﻮاﻟﻲ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‬
‫‪2- Q1 = Q2 = Qtotal =200μC‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪200 100‬‬ ‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪200‬‬
‫= ‪3- ∆V1‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫= ‪V , ∆V2‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪V‬‬
‫‪C1‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪C2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪100‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫× ‪4- PE (1) = Q × ∆V1 = × 200 × 10 −6‬‬ ‫‪= × 10 − 2 J‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪200‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫× ‪PE ( 2 ) = Q × ∆V2 = × 200 × 10 −6‬‬ ‫‪= × 10 − 2 J‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪PE total = Q × ∆Vtotal = × 200 × 10 −6 × 100 = 0.01J‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /37‬رﺑﻄﺖ ﺛﻼث ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺎت ﺳﻌﺎﺗﮭﺎ )‪ (C1=2μF , C2=3μF , C3=6μF‬ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮاﻟﻲ ورﺑﻄ ﺖ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋ ﺔ إﻟ ﻰ‬
‫ﺑﻄﺎرﯾﺔ ﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪھﺎ ‪ 120V‬اﺣﺴﺐ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -1‬اﻟﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﻜﺎﻓﺌﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ‪ -٢‬ﺷﺤﻨﺔ وﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ‪ -3 .‬اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ؟‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪3 + 2 +1 6‬‬
‫‪1-‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪+ +‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= = 1µF ⇒ Ceq=1µF‬‬
‫‪C eq‬‬ ‫‪C1‬‬ ‫‪C2‬‬ ‫‪C3‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬
‫‪2- QT =Ceq . ∆VT =1 × 120 = 120µC‬‬
‫‪ Q‬اﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺗﻮاﻟﻲ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ‪QT = Q1 = Q2 = Q3 =120µC‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪120‬‬ ‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪120‬‬ ‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪120‬‬
‫= ‪∆V = 1‬‬ ‫= ‪= 60V , ∆V2 = 2‬‬ ‫= ‪= 40V , ∆V3 = 3‬‬ ‫‪= 20V‬‬
‫‪C1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪C2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪C3‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪PE T = ∆VT .Q T = × 120 × 120 × 10 −6 = 72 × 10 − 4 J‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /38‬رﺑﻄﺖ ﺛﻼث ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺎت ﺳﻌﺎﺗﮭﺎ )‪ (C1=12μF , C2=36μF , C3=18μF‬ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮاﻟﻲ ورﺑﻄ ﺖ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋ ﺔ‬
‫إﻟﻰ ﺑﻄﺎرﯾﺔ ﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪھﺎ ‪ 30V‬اﺣﺴﺐ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﺷﺤﻨﺔ وﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -1‬اﻟﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﻜﺎﻓﺌﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ‬
‫‪ -3‬اﻟﻤﺠﺎل اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ اذا ﻋﻠﻤﺖ ان اﻟﺒﻌﺪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ ‪0.2cm‬؟‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪3 +1+ 2‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪1-‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= µF ⇒ Ceq=6µF‬‬
‫‪C eq‬‬ ‫‪C1‬‬ ‫‪C2‬‬ ‫‪C3‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪36 18‬‬ ‫‪36‬‬ ‫‪36‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬
‫‪2- QT =Ceq . ∆VT =6 × 30 = 180µC‬‬
‫‪ Q‬اﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺗﻮاﻟﻲ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ‪QT = Q1 = Q2 = Q3 =180µC‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪180‬‬ ‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪180‬‬ ‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪180‬‬
‫= ‪∆V1 = 1‬‬ ‫= ‪= 15V , ∆V2 = 2‬‬ ‫= ‪= 5V , ∆V3 = 3‬‬ ‫‪= 10V‬‬
‫‪C1‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪C2‬‬ ‫‪36‬‬ ‫‪C3‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬
‫‪١١‬‬
‫‪∆V3‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬
‫= ‪E3‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 5000V / m‬‬
‫‪d‬‬ ‫‪0.2 × 10 −3‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /39‬اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺘﺎن )‪ (C1,24µF‬ﻣﻮﺻﻮﻟﺘﺎن ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮاﻟﻲ ﺛﻢ وﺻﻠﺘﺎ إﻟ ﻰ ﺑﻄﺎرﯾ ﺔ وﻛﺎﻧ ﺖ اﻟ ﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﻜﺎﻓﺌ ﺔ ﻟﮭﻤ ﺎ ‪6µF‬‬
‫واﻟﻤﺠﺎل اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ ‪ 5000V/m‬واﻟﺒﻌﺪ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﺼﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﻦ ‪ 0.3cm‬اﺣﺴﺐ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -١‬ﺳﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ ‪. C1‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪1-‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫‪= −‬‬
‫‪C eq‬‬ ‫‪C1‬‬ ‫‪C2‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪C1‬‬ ‫‪24‬‬ ‫‪C1‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪24‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪4 −1‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪⇒ C1=8µF‬‬
‫‪C1‬‬ ‫‪24‬‬ ‫‪24 8‬‬
‫‪∆V1‬‬ ‫‪∆V1‬‬
‫= ‪2- E 1‬‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫= ‪5000‬‬ ‫‪⇒ ∆V1 = 5000 × 3 × 10 −3 = 15V‬‬
‫‪d‬‬ ‫‪0.3 × 10‬‬ ‫‪−2‬‬
‫‪Q1=C1 . ∆V1=8 × 15=120µC‬‬

‫‪ Q‬اﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺗﻮاﻟﻲ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ‪Q1 = Q2 = QT =120µC‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪120‬‬
‫= ‪∆V2 = 2‬‬ ‫‪= 5V‬‬
‫‪C2‬‬ ‫‪24‬‬
‫ﻣﺜ ﺎل‪ /40‬ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺘﺎن )‪ (20µF,30µF‬ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﺘ ﺎن ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮاﻟﻲ وﻛﺎﻧ ﺖ اﻟﻄﺎﻗ ﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧ ﺔ ﻓ ﻲ اﻷوﻟ ﻰ ‪ 36×10-5J‬ﻓﻤ ﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻘ ﺪار اﻟ ﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﻜﺎﻓﺌ ﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋ ﺔ واﻟﻤﺠ ﺎل اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑ ﺎﺋﻲ ﺑ ﯿﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿ ﺔ اذا ﻛ ﺎن اﻟﺒﻌ ﺪ ﺑ ﯿﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ‬
‫‪.0.1cm‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1 3+2‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪⇒ Ceq=12µF‬‬
‫‪C eq‬‬ ‫‪C1‬‬ ‫‪C2‬‬ ‫‪C eq‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬ ‫‪30 60‬‬ ‫‪60 12‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫⇒ ‪PE 1 = C1 .(∆V1 ) 2‬‬ ‫‪36 × 10 −5 = × 20 × 10 − 6 × (∆V1 ) 2‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪(∆V1 ) = 36‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪⇒ ∆V1 =6V‬‬
‫‪Q1=C1 . ∆V1=20 × 6=120µC‬‬
‫‪ Q‬اﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺗﻮاﻟﻲ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ‪Q1 = Q2 = QT =120µC‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪120‬‬
‫= ‪∆V2 = 2‬‬ ‫‪= 4V‬‬
‫‪C2‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬
‫‪∆V2‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫= ‪E2‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 4000 V / m‬‬
‫‪d‬‬ ‫‪0.1 × 10 − 2‬‬
‫ﻣﺜ ﺎل‪ /41‬ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺘﺎن )‪ (8µF,4µF‬وﺻ ﻠﺘﺎ ﻣ ﻊ ﺑﻌ ﻀﮭﻤﺎ ﺛ ﻢ وﺻ ﻠﺘﺎ اﻟ ﻰ ﺑﻄﺎرﯾ ﺔ ﻓﻜﺎﻧ ﺖ اﻟﻄﺎﻗ ﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧ ﺔ ﻓ ﻲ‬
‫اﻷوﻟﻰ ‪ 64×10-6J‬واﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ ‪ 32×10-6J‬اﺣﺴﺐ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ﺷﺤﻨﺔ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ واﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻜﻠﯿﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -١‬ﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ اﻟﺒﻄﺎرﯾﺔ وﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪1- PE 1 = C1 .(∆V1 ) 2‬‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫‪64 × 10 −6 = × 8 × 10 −6 × (∆V1 ) 2‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪64‬‬
‫= ‪(∆V1 ) 2‬‬ ‫‪= 16‬‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫‪∆V1 = 4V‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪PE 2 = C 2 .(∆V2 ) 2‬‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫‪32 × 10 − 6 = × 4 × 10 −6 × (∆V2 ) 2‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪١٢‬‬
‫‪32‬‬
‫= ‪(∆V2 ) 2‬‬ ‫‪= 16‬‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫‪∆V2 = 4V‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪Q ∆V1 = ∆V2‬‬
‫∴ اﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺗﻮازي‬
‫‪∆VT = ∆V1 = ∆V2 = 4V‬‬
‫‪2- Q1 = C1 . ∆V1 =8 × 4 =32µC , Q2 =C2 . ∆V2 =4 × 4=16µC‬‬
‫‪QT =Q1 + Q2 =32 + 16 =48µC‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /42‬ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺘﺎن )‪ (C1=3µF , C2=6µF‬ﻣﻮﺻﻮﻟﺘﺎن ﺑﺒﻄﺎرﯾﺔ وﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻷوﻟ ﻰ ‪3750×10-6J‬‬
‫وﻓﻲ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ ‪ 7500×10-6J‬ﻣﺎ ﻣﻘﺪار ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -2‬اﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻜﻠﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ‬ ‫‪ -1‬ﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ اﻟﺒﻄﺎرﯾﺔ‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪PE 1 = C1 .(∆V ) 2‬‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫‪3750 × 10 −6 = × 3 × 10 −6 (∆V1 ) 2‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪2 × 3750‬‬ ‫‪7500‬‬
‫= ‪(∆V1 ) 2‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 2500 ⇒ ∆V1 =50V‬‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪PE 2 = C 2 .(∆V2 ) 2 ⇒ 7500 × 10 −6 = × 6 × 10 −6 (∆V2 ) 2‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪7500‬‬
‫= ‪(∆V2 ) 2‬‬ ‫‪= 2500 ⇒ ∆V2=50V‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪Q ∆V1 = ∆V2‬‬
‫ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻓﺎﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺗﻮازي‬
‫‪∴ ∆VT =50V‬‬
‫‪2- Ceq =C1 + C2 =3 + 6=9µF‬‬
‫‪QT =Ceq . ∆VT =9 × 50 =450µC‬‬
‫ﻣﺜ ﺎل‪ /43‬اﻟﻤﺘ ﺴﻌﺘﺎن )‪ (C1=2µF , C2=8µF‬ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﺘ ﺎن ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮازي ووﺻ ﻠﺖ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺘﮭﻤ ﺎ اﻟ ﻰ ﻣ ﺼﺪر ﻓ ﺮق‬
‫اﻟﺠﮭﺪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻗﻄﺒﯿﮫ ‪ 90V‬ﻓﺎذا ﻓﺼﻠﺖ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤﺼﺪر واﺑﺪل اﻟﻌﺎزل ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ اﻻوﻟ ﻰ ﺑﻌ ﺎزل اﺧ ﺮ‬
‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻋﺰﻟﮫ اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ )‪ (2‬ﻓﻤﺎ ﻣﻘﺪار ﻓﺮق اﻟﺠﮭﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ وﺷﺤﻨﺔ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ اﺑﺪال اﻟﻌﺎزل‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﻌﺎزل ‪:‬‬
‫‪Ceq=C1 + C2 =2 + 8=10µF‬‬
‫‪QT =Ceq . ∆VT =10 × 90 =900µC‬‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻌﺎزل ‪:‬‬
‫‪C1k =k C1 =2 × 2=4µF‬‬
‫‪Ceqk =C1k + C2 =4 + 8 =12µF‬‬
‫‪ Q‬اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻨﻔﺼﻠﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤﺼﺪر اﻟﺸﺎﺣﻦ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ‪QTk = QT =900µC‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪900‬‬
‫= ‪∆VTk = Tk‬‬ ‫‪= 75V‬‬
‫‪C eqk‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬
‫‪ Q‬اﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺗﻮازي ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ‪∆VTk = ∆V1k = ∆V2 = 75V‬‬
‫‪Q1k =C1k . ∆V1k =4 × 75 =300µC‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪Q2 =C2 . ∆V2 =8 × 75 =600µC‬‬
‫‪١٣‬‬
‫ﻣﺜ ﺎل‪ /44‬رﺑﻄ ﺖ اﻟﻤﺘ ﺴﻌﺘﺎن )‪ (C1=4µF , C2=2µF‬ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮازي ﺛ ﻢ ﺷ ﺤﻨﺖ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋ ﺔ ﺑﻤ ﺼﺪر وﻓ ﺼﻠﺖ ﻋﻨ ﮫ‬
‫ﻓﻈﮭ ﺮ ﻓ ﺮق ﺟﮭ ﺪ ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋ ﺔ )‪ (40V‬ﺛ ﻢ ادﺧﻠ ﺖ ﻣ ﺎدة ﻋﺎزﻟ ﺔ ﺳ ﻤﻜﮭﺎ )‪ (0.2cm‬ﺑ ﯿﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿ ﺔ‬
‫ﺑﺤﯿﺚ ﺗﻤﻸ اﻟﺤﯿﺰ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ ﻓﺎﺻﺒﺢ ﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋ ﺔ )‪ (12V‬ﻓﻤ ﺎ ﺛﺎﺑ ﺖ ﻋ ﺰل اﻟﻌ ﺎزل ؟ وﻛ ﻢ ﯾ ﺼﺒﺢ اﻟﻤﺠ ﺎل‬
‫اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ؟‬
‫‪Ceq =C1 + C2 =4 + 2=6µF‬‬
‫‪QT =Ceq . ∆VT =6 × 40 =240µC‬‬
‫‪ Q‬اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻨﻔﺼﻠﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤﺼﺪر ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ‪QTk = QT =240µC‬‬
‫‪Q Tk‬‬ ‫‪240‬‬
‫= ‪C eqk‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 20µF‬‬
‫‪∆VTk‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬
‫⇒ ‪Ceqk =C1 + C2k ⇒ 20 = 4 + C2k‬‬ ‫‪C2k =20 – 4 =16µF‬‬
‫‪16‬‬
‫⇒ ‪C2k =k C2 ⇒ 16 = k × 2‬‬ ‫=‪k‬‬ ‫‪=8‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪ Q‬اﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺗﻮازي ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ‪∆VTk = ∆V1=∆V2k =12V‬‬
‫‪∆V2 k‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬
‫= ‪E 2k‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 6000 V / m‬‬
‫‪d‬‬ ‫‪0.2 × 10 −2‬‬
‫ﻣﺜ ﺎل‪ /45‬ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺘﺎن ﻣ ﻦ ذوات اﻟ ﺼﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﺘ ﻮازﯾﺘﯿﻦ )‪ (C1=26µF,C2=18µF‬ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﺘ ﺎن ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮازي‬
‫وﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺘﮭﻤﺎ رﺑﻄﺖ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻗﻄﺒﻲ ﺑﻄﺎرﯾﺔ ﻓﺮق اﻟﺠﮭﺪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻗﻄﺒﯿﮭ ﺎ )‪ (50V‬اذا ادﺧ ﻞ ﻟ ﻮح ﻣ ﻦ ﻣ ﺎدة ﻋﺎزﻟ ﺔ ﺛﺎﺑ ﺖ ﻋﺰﻟﮭ ﺎ‬
‫)‪ (k‬ﺑ ﯿﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ اﻻوﻟ ﻰ وﻣﺎزاﻟ ﺖ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋ ﺔ ﻣﺘ ﺼﻠﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻄﺎرﯾ ﺔ ﻓﻜﺎﻧ ﺖ اﻟ ﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻜﻠﯿ ﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋ ﺔ‬
‫)‪ (3500µC‬ﻣﺎ ﻣﻘﺪار ؟‬
‫‪ -1‬ﺛﺎﺑﺖ اﻟﻌﺰل )‪ -2 .(k‬اﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ أي ﻣﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ادﺧﺎل اﻟﻤﺎدة اﻟﻌﺎزﻟﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪1-‬‬ ‫‪ Q‬اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﺎزاﻟﺖ ﻣﺘﺼﻠﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻄﺎرﯾﺔ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ‪∆VTk = ∆VT =50V‬‬
‫‪Q Tk‬‬ ‫‪3500‬‬
‫= ‪C eqk‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 70µF‬‬
‫‪∆VTk‬‬ ‫‪50‬‬
‫‪Ceqk = C1k + C2‬‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫‪70 = C1k + 18‬‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫‪C1k =70 – 18 =52µF‬‬
‫‪C‬‬ ‫‪52‬‬
‫= ‪k = 1k‬‬ ‫‪=2‬‬
‫‪C1‬‬ ‫‪26‬‬
‫‪2-‬‬ ‫‪ Q‬اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮازي ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ‪∆VTk = ∆V1k = ∆V2 =50V‬‬
‫‪Q1k = C1k . ∆V1k =52 × 50 = 2600µC ,‬‬ ‫‪Q2 = C2 . ∆V2 =18 × 50 = 900µC‬‬
‫ﻣﺜ ﺎل‪ /46‬ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺘﺎن ﻣ ﻦ ذوات اﻟ ﺼﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﺘ ﻮازﯾﺘﯿﻦ )‪ (C1=6µF , C2=14µF‬ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﺘ ﺎن ﻣ ﻊ ﺑﻌ ﻀﮭﻤﺎ ﻋﻠ ﻰ‬
‫اﻟﺘ ﻮازي وﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺘﮭﻤ ﺎ رﺑﻄ ﺖ اﻟ ﻰ ﻃﺮﻓ ﻲ ﺑﻄﺎرﯾ ﺔ ﻓ ﺮق اﻟﺠﮭ ﺪ ﺑ ﯿﻦ ﻗﻄﺒﯿﮭ ﺎ )‪ ، (30V‬ﻓ ﺎذا ﻓ ﺼﻠﺖ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋ ﺔ ﻋ ﻦ‬
‫اﻟﺒﻄﺎرﯾﺔ ﺛﻢ ادﺧﻞ ﻟﻮﺣ ﺎ ﻣ ﻦ ﻣ ﺎدة ﻋﺎزﻟ ﺔ ﺛﺎﺑ ﺖ ﻋﺰﻟ ﮫ )‪ (k‬ﺑ ﯿﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ اﻻوﻟ ﻰ ھ ﺒﻂ ﻓ ﺮق ﺟﮭ ﺪ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋ ﺔ‬
‫ﺑﻤﻘﺪار )‪ (18V‬ﻓﻤﺎ ﻣﻘﺪار‪:‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬اﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ أي ﻣﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ادﺧﺎل اﻟﻌﺎزل‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -1‬ﺛﺎﺑﺖ اﻟﻌﺰل اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ‬
‫ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﻌﺎزل‬
‫‪Ceq =C1 + C2 =6 + 14 =20µF‬‬
‫‪QT =Ceq . ∆VT =20 × 30 =600µC‬‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻌﺎزل‬
‫‪QTk = QT =600µC‬‬
‫‪١٤‬‬
‫‪∆Vk =∆V – 18 =30 – 18 =12V‬‬
‫‪Q Tk‬‬ ‫‪600‬‬
‫= ‪C eqk‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 50µF‬‬
‫‪∆VTk‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬
‫‪Ceqk =C1k + C2‬‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫‪50 =C1k + 14‬‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫‪C1k =50 – 14 =36µF‬‬
‫‪C1k =kC1 ⇒ 36 =k × 6‬‬ ‫‪⇒ k =6‬‬
‫‪ Q‬اﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺗﻮازي ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ‪∆VTk =∆V1k = ∆V2 =12V‬‬
‫‪Q1k =C1k . ∆V1k =36 × 12 =432µC‬‬
‫‪Q2 =C2 . ∆V2 =14 × 12 =168µC‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /47‬ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺘﺎن ﻣﻦ ذوات اﻟﺼﻔﺎﺋﺢ اﻟﻤﺘﻮازﯾﺔ )‪ (C1=4µF , C2=6µF‬ﻣﻮﺻﻮﻟﺘﺎن ﻣﻊ ﺑﻌﻀﮭﻤﺎ ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮازي ﺛ ﻢ‬
‫وﺻﻠﺖ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺘﮭﻤﺎ اﻟﻰ ﺑﻄﺎرﯾﺔ ﻓﺮق اﻟﺠﮭﺪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻗﻄﺒﯿﮭﺎ ‪. 40V‬‬
‫‪ -1‬ﻣﺎ ﻣﻘﺪار ﺷﺤﻨﺔ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ واﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻜﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬اذا ﻓﺼﻠﺖ اﻟﺒﻄﺎرﯾﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺛﻢ وﺿﻊ ﻋﺎزل ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻋﺰﻟﮫ ‪ ٦‬ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿ ﺔ ﺑﺤﯿ ﺚ ﯾﻤ ﻸ اﻟﺤﯿ ﺰ‬
‫ﺑﯿﻨﮭﻤﺎ ﻓﻜﻢ ﯾﺼﺒﺢ ﻣﻘﺪار اﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ أي ﻣﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ؟‬
‫‪1- ∆VT = ∆V1 = ∆V2 =40V‬‬ ‫)ﺗﻮازي(‬
‫‪Q1 =C1 . ∆V1 =4 × 40 = 160µC , Q2 =C2 . ∆V2 =6 × 40 =240µC‬‬
‫‪QT =Q1 + Q2 =160 + 240 =400µC‬‬
‫‪2- C2k =k C2 =6 × 6 =36µF‬‬
‫‪Ceqk =C1 + C2k =4 + 36 =40µC‬‬
‫‪ Q‬اﻟﺒﻄﺎرﯾﺔ ﻣﻔﺼﻮﻟﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ‪QTk = QT =400µC‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪400‬‬
‫= ‪∆VTk = Tk‬‬ ‫‪= 10V‬‬
‫‪C eqk‬‬ ‫‪40‬‬
‫‪ Q‬اﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺗﻮازي ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ‪∆VTk = ∆V1 = ∆V2k =10V‬‬
‫‪Q1 =C1 .∆V1 =4 ×10=40V , QTk =C2k . ∆V2k =36 × 10 =360µC‬‬
‫اﻟﺘﻮازي ﻓﺎذا ﺷﺤﻨﺖ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺘﮭﻤﺎ ﺑﺸﺤﻨﺔ ﻛﻠﯿﺔ ‪ 600µC‬ﺑﻮﺳﺎﻃﺔ ﻣﺼﺪر ﻟﻠﻔﻮﻟﻄﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮة ﺛﻢ ﻓﺼﻠﺖ ﻋﻨﮫ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -1‬اﺣﺴﺐ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﻣﻘﺪار اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﺎل اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬اذا ﻓﺼﻠﺖ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻋ ﻦ اﻟﺒﻄﺎرﯾ ﺔ وادﺧ ﻞ ﻟ ﻮح ﻣ ﻦ ﻣ ﺎدة ﻋﺎزﻟ ﺔ ﺛﺎﺑ ﺖ ﻋﺰﻟ ﮫ )‪ (k‬ﺑ ﯿﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ اﻻوﻟ ﻰ‬
‫ازدادت ﺷﺤﻨﺘﮭﺎ ﺑﻤﻘﺪار ‪ 240µC‬ﻓﻤﺎ ﻣﻘﺪار ﺛﺎﺑﺖ اﻟﻌﺰل )‪.(k‬‬
‫‪1- Ceq =C1 + C2 =2 + 8 =10µF‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪600‬‬
‫= ‪∆VT = T‬‬ ‫‪= 60V = ∆V1 = ∆V2‬‬
‫‪C eq‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪PE 1 = C1 .(∆V1 ) 2 = × 2 × 10 −6 × (60) 2 = 36 × 10 − 4 J‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪PE 2 = C 2 .(∆V2 ) 2 = × 8 × 10 −6 × (60) 2 = 144 × 10 − 4 J‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪2-‬‬
‫ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﻌﺎزل‪:‬‬
‫‪Q1 = C1 . ∆V1 =2 × 60 =120µC , Q2 =C2 . ∆V2 =8 × 60=480µC‬‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻌﺎزل‪:‬‬
‫‪ Q‬اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻓﺼﻠﺖ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺒﻄﺎرﯾﺔ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ‪QTk = QT =600µC‬‬
‫‪Q1k=Q1 + 240 =120 + 240 =360µC , Q2 =QTk – Q1 =600 – 360 =240µC‬‬
‫‪١٥‬‬
‫‪Q2‬‬ ‫‪240‬‬
‫= ‪∆V2‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 30V =∆V1k‬‬
‫‪C2‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬
‫‪Q 1k‬‬ ‫‪360‬‬
‫= ‪C1 k‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 12µF‬‬
‫‪∆V1k‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬
‫‪12‬‬
‫‪C1k = k C1‬‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫‪12 =k × 2‬‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫=‪k‬‬ ‫‪=6‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /49‬رﺑﻄﺖ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺘﺎن )‪ (C1=2µF , C2=6µF‬ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮازي وﺷﺤﻨﺖ اﻟ ﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﻜﺎﻓﺌ ﺔ ﻟﮭﻤ ﺎ ﺑ ـ )‪ (960µC‬ﻓﻤ ﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺪار ﻓﺮق اﻟﺠﮭﺪ اﻟﺬي ﺳﯿﻈﮭﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﺮﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ؟ واذا وﺿﻊ ﻋﺎزل ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ اﻻوﻟ ﻰ اﺻ ﺒﺢ ﻓ ﺮق‬
‫اﻟﺠﮭﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﺮﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ )‪ . (96V‬ﻣﺎ ﻣﻘﺪار ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻋﺰل اﻟﻤﺎدة اﻟﻌﺎزﻟﺔ؟‬
‫‪Ceq =C1 + C2 =2 + 6=8µF‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪960‬‬
‫= ‪∆VT = T‬‬ ‫‪= 120V‬‬
‫‪C eq‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬
‫‪ Q‬اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻔﺼﻮﻟﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤﺼﺪر اﻟﺸﺎﺣﻦ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ‪QTk = QT =960‬‬
‫‪Q Tk‬‬ ‫‪960‬‬
‫= ‪C eqk‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 10µF‬‬
‫‪∆VTk‬‬ ‫‪96‬‬
‫‪Ceqk =C1k + C2 ⇒ 10 =C1k + 6‬‬ ‫‪⇒ C1k =10 – 6 =4µF‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫⇒ ‪C1k = kC1 ⇒ 4 =k × 2‬‬ ‫=‪k‬‬ ‫‪=2‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /50‬رﺑﻄﺖ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺘﺎن )‪ (2μF , 8μF‬ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮازي وﺷﺤﻨﺖ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺑﺸﺤﻨﺔ ﻣﻘﺪارھﺎ )‪. (1000μC‬‬
‫‪ -1‬ﻣﺎ ﺷﺤﻨﺔ وﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬اذا اﺳﺘﺒﺪل اﻟﮭﻮاء ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ اﻻوﻟ ﻰ ﺑﻤ ﺎدة ﻋﺎزﻟ ﺔ ﺛﺎﺑ ﺖ ﻋﺰﻟﮭ ﺎ )‪ (6‬ﻓﻜ ﻢ ﺗ ﺼﺒﺢ ﺷ ﺤﻨﺔ وﻓ ﺮق ﺟﮭ ﺪ ﻛ ﻞ‬
‫ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫‪1- Ceq =C1 + C2 =2 + 8=10µF‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪1000‬‬
‫= ‪∆VT = T‬‬ ‫‪= 100 V‬‬
‫‪C eq‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬
‫‪ Q‬اﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺗﻮازي ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ‪∆VT = ∆V1 = ∆V2 = 100V‬‬
‫‪Q1 =C1 . ∆V1 =2 × 100 =200µC , Q2 =C2 . ∆V2 =8 × 100 =800µC‬‬
‫‪2- C1k =k C1 =6 × 2=12µF‬‬
‫‪Ceqk =C1k + C2 = 12 + 8 =20µF‬‬
‫‪ Q‬اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻔﺼﻮﻟﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤﺼﺪر اﻟﺸﺎﺣﻦ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ‪QTk = QT =1000µC‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪1000‬‬
‫= ‪∆VTk = Tk‬‬ ‫‪= 50V‬‬
‫‪C eqk‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬
‫‪ Q‬اﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺗﻮازي ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ‪∆VTk = ∆V1k = ∆V2 = 50V‬‬
‫‪Q1k =C1k . ∆V1k =12 × 50 =600µC ,‬‬ ‫‪Q2 =C2 . ∆V2 =8 × 50 =400µC‬‬
‫‪١٦‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /51‬ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺘﺎن ﻣﻮﺻﻮﻟﺘﺎن ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮازي اﻟﻌﺎزل ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﻤﺎ اﻟﮭﻮاء ﺳﻌﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ ‪ 2μF‬واﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿ ﺔ ‪ 4μF‬وﺿ ﻊ‬
‫ﺑ ﯿﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻷوﻟ ﻰ ﺑ ﺪل اﻟﮭ ﻮاء ﻋ ﺎزل ﺛﺎﺑ ﺖ ﻋﺰﻟ ﮫ )‪ (6‬ﺛ ﻢ وﺻ ﻠﺖ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋ ﺔ ﺑﻤ ﺼﺪر ﻓﻜﺎﻧ ﺖ ﺷ ﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋ ﺔ‬
‫‪ 1600μC‬ﻓﻤﺎ ﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ اﻟﻤﺼﺪر وﺷﺤﻨﺔ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫‪CK1=KC1=6×2=12μF‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪Ceq=CK1+C2=12+4=16μF‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪1600‬‬
‫= ‪∆V = total‬‬ ‫‪= 100V‬‬
‫‪C eq‬‬ ‫‪16‬‬
‫ﺑﻤﺎ ان اﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺗﻮازي ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‬
‫‪∆V1=∆V2=∆V=100V‬‬
‫‪Q1=CK1×∆V=12×100=1200μC ,‬‬ ‫‪Q2=C2×∆V=4×100=400V‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /52‬اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺘﺎن )‪ (C1=2µF , C2=4µF‬ﻣﻮﺻﻮﻟﺘﺎن ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮازي ﻣﻊ ﺑﻌﻀﮭﻤﺎ ‪ ،‬وﺿﻊ ﻋﺎزل ﺛﺎﺑ ﺖ ﻋﺰﻟ ﮫ )‪(6‬‬
‫ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ اﻻوﻟ ﻰ ﺑ ﺪل اﻟﮭ ﻮاء ﺛ ﻢ وﺻ ﻠﺖ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋ ﺔ ﺑﻤ ﺼﺪر ﻓﻜﺎﻧ ﺖ ﺷ ﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋ ﺔ )‪ (1600µC‬ﻓﻤ ﺎ‬
‫ﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ اﻟﻤﺼﺪر وﺷﺤﻨﺔ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ؟‬
‫‪C1k =k C1 =6 × 2=12µF‬‬
‫‪Ceqk =C1k + C2 =12 + 4 =16µF‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪1600‬‬
‫= ‪∆VT = Tk‬‬ ‫‪= 100V‬‬
‫‪C eqk‬‬ ‫‪16‬‬
‫‪ Q‬اﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺗﻮازي ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ‪∆VT = ∆V1k =∆V2 =100V‬‬
‫‪Q1k =C1k . ∆V1k =12 × 100 =1200µC , Q2 =C2 . ∆V2 =4 × 100 =400µC‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /53‬اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ )‪ (2µF‬ﯾﻔﺼﻞ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ اﻟﮭ ﻮاء وﺿ ﻌﺖ ﻣ ﺎدة ﻋﺎزﻟ ﺔ ﺑ ﺪل اﻟﮭ ﻮاء ﺑ ﯿﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ ﺛ ﻢ وﺻ ﻠﺖ‬
‫ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮازي ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ )‪ (3µF‬ﺛ ﻢ ﺷ ﺤﻨﺖ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋ ﺔ ﻓﻜﺎﻧ ﺖ اﻟ ﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻜﻠﯿ ﺔ )‪ (1800µC‬وﻓ ﺮق اﻟﺠﮭ ﺪ ﺑ ﯿﻦ ﻃﺮﻓ ﻲ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ )‪ . (120V‬ﻣﺎ ﻣﻘﺪار ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -2‬اﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ أي ﻣﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -1‬ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻋﺰل اﻟﻤﺎدة اﻟﻌﺎزﻟﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫‪1-‬‬
‫‪Q Tk‬‬ ‫‪1800‬‬
‫= ‪C eqk‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 15µF‬‬
‫‪∆VTk‬‬ ‫‪120‬‬
‫‪Ceqk =C1k + C2 ⇒ 15 =C1k + 3 ⇒ C1k =15 – 3 =12µF‬‬
‫‪12‬‬
‫= ‪C1k =k C1 ⇒ 12 =k × 2 ⇒ k‬‬ ‫‪=6‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪2-‬‬
‫‪ Q‬اﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺗﻮازي ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ‪∆VTk = ∆V1k = ∆V2 =120V‬‬
‫‪Q1k=C1k . ∆V1k =12 × 120 =1440µC‬‬
‫‪Q2 =C2 . ∆V2 =3 × 120 =360µC‬‬
‫‪١٧‬‬
‫ﻣﺜ ﺎل‪ /54‬ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ ﺳ ﻌﺘﮭﺎ )‪ (2µF‬واﻟﺒﻌ ﺪ ﺑ ﯿﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ )‪ (0.1cm‬رﺑﻄ ﺖ ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮازي ﻣ ﻊ ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ ﺳ ﻌﺘﮭﺎ )‪(3µF‬‬
‫ﯾﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﮭﻮاء ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻨﮭﻤﺎ ‪ .‬اﺳﺘﻌﻤﻠﺖ ﻣﺎدة ﻋﺎزﻟﺔ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ ﺑ ﺪﻻ ﻣ ﻦ اﻟﮭ ﻮاء ﺛ ﻢ وﺻ ﻠﺖ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺑﻤﺼﺪر ﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪه )‪ (20V‬ﻓﺎﺻﺒﺤﺖ ﺷﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ )‪ (360µC‬ﻓﻤﺎ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -1‬ﺛﺎﺑﺖ اﻟﻌﺰل وﺷﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ اﻻوﻟﻰ ؟ ‪ -2‬اﻟﻤﺠﺎل اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ اﻻوﻟﻰ؟‬
‫‪1-‬‬
‫‪Q2k‬‬ ‫‪360‬‬
‫= ‪C 2k‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 18µF‬‬
‫‪∆V2 k‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬
‫‪18‬‬
‫= ‪C2k = k C2 ⇒ 18 =k × 3 ⇒ k‬‬ ‫‪=6‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪Q1 =C1 . ∆V1 =2 × 20 =40µC‬‬
‫‪∆V1‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬
‫= ‪2- E 1‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 20000 V / m‬‬
‫‪d‬‬ ‫‪0.1 × 10 −2‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /55‬ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺘﺎن )‪ (C1=3µF , C2=6µF‬رﺑﻄﺘﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮاﻟﻲ وﺷﺤﻨﺖ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋ ﺔ ﺑﻤ ﺼﺪر ﺛ ﻢ ﻓ ﺼﻠﺖ ﻋﻨ ﮫ ﻓﻈﮭ ﺮ‬
‫ﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻃﺮﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ )‪. (90V‬‬
‫‪ -1‬اﺣﺴﺐ ﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬واذا اﺳﺘﻌﻤﻠﺖ ﻣﺎدة ﻋﺎزﻟﺔ ﺛﺎﺑ ﺖ ﻋﺰﻟﮭ ﺎ )‪ (2‬وﺳ ﻤﻜﮭﺎ )‪ (0.6cm‬ﻓ ﻲ اﻟﻤﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ اﻻوﻟ ﻰ ﺑ ﺪل اﻟﮭ ﻮاء ﻓﻜ ﻢ ﯾ ﺼﺒﺢ ﻓ ﺮق‬
‫اﻟﺠﮭﺪ ﻋﺒﺮ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ؟ وﻛﻢ ھﻮ ﻣﻘﺪار اﻟﻤﺠﺎل اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ اﻻوﻟﻰ ؟‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2 +1 3‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪1-‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪= +‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪⇒ Ceq =2µF‬‬
‫‪C eq‬‬ ‫‪C1‬‬ ‫‪C2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪QT =Ceq . ∆VT =2 × 90=180µC‬‬
‫‪ Q‬اﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺗﻮاﻟﻲ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ‪QT = Q1 = Q2 =180µC‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪180‬‬ ‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪180‬‬
‫= ‪∆V1 = 1‬‬ ‫= ‪= 60V , ∆V2 = 2‬‬ ‫‪= 30V‬‬
‫‪C1‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪C2‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬
‫‪2- C1k =k C1 =2 × 3 = 6µF‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1 1+1 2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪= +‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪⇒ Ceqk=3µF‬‬
‫‪C eqk‬‬ ‫‪C1 k‬‬ ‫‪C2‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫‪ Q‬اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻓﺼﻠﺖ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤﺼﺪر اﻟﺸﺎﺣﻦ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ‪QTk = QT =180µC‬‬
‫‪ Q‬اﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺗﻮاﻟﻲ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ‪QTk = Q1k = Q2 =180µC‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪180‬‬ ‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪180‬‬
‫= ‪∆V1k = 1k‬‬ ‫= ‪= 30V , ∆V2 = 2‬‬ ‫‪= 30V‬‬
‫‪C1 k‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪C2‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬
‫‪∆V1k‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬
‫= ‪E 1k‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 5000 V / m‬‬
‫‪d‬‬ ‫‪0.6 × 10 − 2‬‬
‫‪١٨‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /56‬ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺘﺎن ﻣﺘﻮاﻟﯿﺘﺎن ﻣﻦ ذوات اﻟﺼﻔﺎﺋﺢ اﻟﻤﺘﻮازﯾ ﺔ ﺳ ﻌﺔ اﻻوﻟ ﻰ ‪ 6μF‬وﺳ ﻌﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿ ﺔ ‪ 3μF‬رﺑﻄ ﺖ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋ ﺔ‬
‫إﻟﻰ ﻣﺼﺪر ﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪه ‪ 24V‬وﻛﺎن اﻟﻔﺮاغ ﻋﺎزﻻ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ‪ .‬ﺛﻢ ﻓﺼﻠﺖ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤﺼﺪر وادﺧﻞ‬
‫ﻋﺎزل ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻋﺰﻟﮫ ‪ 2‬ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ اﺣﺴﺐ ﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ﺑﻌﺪ وﺿﻊ اﻟﻌﺎزل‬ ‫‪ -1‬ﻗﺒﻞ وﺿﻊ اﻟﻌﺎزل‬
‫‪ -١‬ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﻌﺎزل ‪:‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1 1+ 2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫= ‪+‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪⇒ Ceq=2µF‬‬
‫‪C eq‬‬ ‫‪C1‬‬ ‫‪C2‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪QT =Ceq . ∆VT =2 × 24 =48µC‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪48‬‬ ‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪48‬‬
‫= ‪∆V1 = 1‬‬ ‫= ‪= 8V , ∆V2 = 2‬‬ ‫‪= 16V‬‬
‫‪C1‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪C2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻌﺎزل ‪:‬‬
‫‪C1k =k C1 =2 × 6=12µF , C2k=k C2 =2 × 3=6µF‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1 1+ 2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪⇒ Ceqk=4µF‬‬
‫‪C eqk‬‬ ‫‪C1 k‬‬ ‫‪C2k‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫‪ Q‬اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻓﺼﻠﺖ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤﺼﺪر ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ‪QTk = QT =48µC‬‬
‫‪ Q‬اﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺗﻮاﻟﻲ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ‪QTk = Q1k = Q2k =48µC‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪48‬‬ ‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪48‬‬
‫= ‪∆V1k = 1k‬‬ ‫= ‪= 4V , ∆V2 k = 2 k‬‬ ‫‪= 8V‬‬
‫‪C1 k‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪C 2k‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬
‫اﻟﺘﻮاﻟﻲ ‪ .‬رﺑﻄﺖ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺘﮭﻤﺎ اﻟﻰ ﻃﺮﻓﻲ ﺑﻄﺎرﯾﺔ ﻓﺮق اﻟﺠﮭﺪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻗﻄﺒﯿﮭﺎ ‪ 30V‬وﻛﺎن اﻟﮭﻮاء ﻋ ﺎزﻻ ﺑ ﯿﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ ﻛ ﻞ‬
‫ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ‪ ،‬ادﺧﻞ ﻟﻮح ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎدة ﻋﺎزﻟﺔ ﻛﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﯿ ﺎ ﺛﺎﺑ ﺖ ﻋﺰﻟ ﮫ ‪ 3‬ﺑ ﯿﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ ‪) C1‬ﻣ ﻊ ﺑﻘ ﺎء اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋ ﺔ ﻣﺘ ﺼﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻄﺎرﯾﺔ( اﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﻘﺪار ﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ واﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻓﯿﮭﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻌﺎزل‬ ‫‪ -1‬ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﻌﺎزل‬
‫‪ -1‬ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﻌﺎزل‪:‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪3+ 2‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬
‫‪C eq‬‬ ‫‪C1‬‬ ‫‪C2‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬ ‫‪60‬‬ ‫‪60 12‬‬
‫‪∴ C eq = 12µF‬‬
‫‪QT =Ceq × ∆VT =12 × 30 =360µC‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪360‬‬ ‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪360‬‬
‫= ‪∆V1 = 1‬‬ ‫= ‪= 18V , ∆V2 = 2‬‬ ‫‪= 12V‬‬
‫‪C1‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬ ‫‪C2‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪PE 1 = ∆V1 .Q1 = × 18 × 360 × 10 −6 = 324 × 10 −5 J‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪PE 2 = ∆V2 .Q 2 = × 12 × 360 × 10 −6 = 216 × 10 −5 J‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪١٩‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻌﺎزل‪:‬‬
‫‪C1k =kC1 =3 × 20 =60µC‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1+ 2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬
‫‪C eqk‬‬ ‫‪C1 k‬‬ ‫‪C2‬‬ ‫‪60‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬ ‫‪60‬‬ ‫‪60‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬
‫‪∴ C eqk = 20µF‬‬
‫‪ Q‬اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﺘﺼﻠﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻄﺎرﯾﺔ‬
‫‪∴ ∆VTk = ∆VT = 30V‬‬
‫‪QTk =Ceqk . ∆VTk =20 × 30 =600µC‬‬
‫‪Q1 k‬‬ ‫‪600‬‬ ‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪600‬‬
‫= ‪∆V1k‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 10V ,‬‬ ‫= ‪∆V2 = 2‬‬ ‫‪= 20V‬‬
‫‪C1 k‬‬ ‫‪60‬‬ ‫‪C2‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪PE 1k = ∆V1k .Q1k = × 10 × 600 × 10 −6 = 3 × 10 −3 J‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪PE 2 = ∆V2 .Q 2 = × 20 × 600 × 10 − 6 = 6 × 10 −3 J‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫اﻟﺘﻮاﻟﻲ وﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺘﮭﻤﺎ رﺑﻄﺖ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻗﻄﺒﻲ ﺑﻄﺎرﯾﺔ ﻓﺮق اﻟﺠﮭﺪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻗﻄﺒﯿﮭﺎ )‪ ، (6V‬ادﺧ ﻞ ﻟ ﻮح ﻣ ﻦ ﻣ ﺎدة ﻋﺎزﻟ ﺔ ﻛﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﯿ ﺎ‬
‫ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻨﮭﻤﺎ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻋﺰﻟﮫ ‪ 2‬واﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻻ زاﻟﺖ ﻣﺘﺼﻠﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻄﺎرﯾﺔ ﻓﻤﺎ ﻣﻘﺪر ﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻌﺎزل‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -1‬ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﻌﺎزل‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2 +1‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪= +‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪⇒ Ceq=6µF‬‬
‫‪C eq‬‬ ‫‪C1‬‬ ‫‪C2‬‬ ‫‪9 18‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬
‫‪QT =Ceq . ∆VT =6 × 6=36µC‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪36‬‬ ‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪36‬‬
‫= ‪∆V1 = 1‬‬ ‫= ‪= 4V , ∆V2 = 2‬‬ ‫‪= 2V‬‬
‫‪C1‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪C2‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬
‫‪C1k=kC1 =2 × 9=18µF , C2k=kC2 =2 × 18 = 36µF‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2 +1‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪⇒ Ceqk=12µF‬‬
‫‪C eqk‬‬ ‫‪C1 k‬‬ ‫‪C2k‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬ ‫‪36‬‬ ‫‪36‬‬ ‫‪36 12‬‬
‫‪ Q‬اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﺘﺼﻠﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻄﺎرﯾﺔ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ‪∆VTk=∆VT =6V‬‬
‫‪QTk =Ceqk . ∆VTk =12 × 6 =72µC‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪72‬‬ ‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪72‬‬
‫= ‪∆V1k = 1k‬‬ ‫= ‪= 4V , ∆V2 k = 2 k‬‬ ‫‪= 2V‬‬
‫‪C1 k‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬ ‫‪C 2k‬‬ ‫‪36‬‬
‫‪٢٠‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /59‬ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺘﺎن اﻻوﻟ ﻰ ‪ C1‬واﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿ ﺔ ‪ 18µF‬ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﺘ ﺎن ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮاﻟﻲ وﻣﻮﺻ ﻮﻟﺘﺎن اﻟ ﻰ ﺑﻄﺎرﯾ ﺔ ﻓ ﺮق اﻟﺠﮭ ﺪ ﺑ ﯿﻦ‬
‫ﻗﻄﺒﯿﮭﺎ ‪ 12V‬وﺿﻊ ﻋﺎزل ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ اﻻوﻟﻰ ﻓﺎزدادت ﺳﻌﺘﮭﺎ ﺑﻤﻘﺪار ‪ 27µF‬واﺻﺒﺤﺖ اﻟ ﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻜﻠﯿ ﺔ ﺑﻌ ﺪ‬
‫وﺿﻊ اﻟﻌﺎزل ‪ 144µC‬ﺟﺪ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -2 C1 -1‬ﺛﺎﺑﺖ اﻟﻌﺰل ‪ -3 k‬ﺷﺤﻨﺔ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ وﺿﻊ اﻟﻌﺎزل‪.‬‬
‫‪ Q‬اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﺘﺼﻠﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻄﺎرﯾﺔ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ‪∆VTk=∆VT=12V‬‬
‫‪Q Tk‬‬ ‫‪144‬‬
‫= ‪C eqk‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 12µF‬‬
‫‪∆VTk‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪3−2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪−‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬
‫‪C eqk‬‬ ‫‪C1 k‬‬ ‫‪C2‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪C1 k‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬ ‫‪C1 k‬‬ ‫‪12 18‬‬ ‫‪36‬‬ ‫‪36‬‬
‫‪∴ C1k=36µF‬‬
‫‪C1k = C1 + ∆C ⇒ 36 =C1 + 27 ⇒ C1 =36 – 27 =9µF‬‬
‫‪36‬‬
‫‪C1k=kC1 ⇒ 36=k × 9‬‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫=‪k‬‬ ‫‪=4‬‬
‫‪9‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /60‬ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺘﺎن ﻣﻦ ذوات اﻟﺼﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﺘﻮازﯾﺘﯿﻦ )‪ (6µF,12µF‬ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﺘﺎن ﻣﻊ ﺑﻌ ﻀﮭﻤﺎ ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮاﻟﻲ ‪ ،‬رﺑﻄ ﺖ‬
‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺘﮭﻤﺎ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻗﻄﺒﻲ ﺑﻄﺎرﯾﺔ ﻓﺮق اﻟﺠﮭﺪ ﺑ ﯿﻦ ﻗﻄﺒﯿﮭ ﺎ )‪ (60V‬وﻛ ﺎن اﻟﻔ ﺮاغ ﻋ ﺎزﻻ ﺑ ﯿﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ ﻛ ﻞ ﻣﻨﮭﻤ ﺎ ‪ .‬ادﺧ ﻞ‬
‫ﺑ ﯿﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ ﻛ ﻞ ﻣﻨﮭﻤ ﺎ ﻟﻮﺣ ﺎ ﻣ ﻦ ﻣ ﺎدة ﻋﺎزﻟ ﺔ ﺛﺎﺑ ﺖ ﻋﺰﻟ ﮫ )‪ (2‬ﯾﻤ ﻶ اﻟﺤﯿ ﺰ ﺑﯿﻨﮭﻤ ﺎ )وﻣﺎزاﻟ ﺖ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋ ﺔ ﻣﺘ ﺼﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻄﺎرﯾﺔ( ﻓﻤﺎ ﻣﻘﺪار ﻓﺮق اﻟﺠﮭﺪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻌﺎزل‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (١‬ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﻌﺎزل‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2 +1‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪⇒ Ceq=4µF‬‬
‫‪C eq‬‬ ‫‪C1‬‬ ‫‪C2‬‬ ‫‪6 12‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫‪QT =Ceq . ∆VT =4 × 60=240µC‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪240‬‬ ‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪240‬‬
‫= ‪∆V1 = 1‬‬ ‫= ‪= 40V , ∆V2 = 2‬‬ ‫‪= 20V‬‬
‫‪C1‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪C2‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬
‫‪C1k=kC1 =2 × 6=12µF , C2k=kC2 =2 × 12 = 24µF‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2 +1‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪⇒ Ceqk=8µF‬‬
‫‪C eqk‬‬ ‫‪C1 k‬‬ ‫‪C 2k‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪24‬‬ ‫‪24‬‬ ‫‪24‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬
‫‪ Q‬اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﺘﺼﻠﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻄﺎرﯾﺔ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ‪∆VTk=∆VT =60V‬‬
‫‪QTk =Ceqk . ∆VTk =8 × 60 =480µC‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪480‬‬ ‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪480‬‬
‫= ‪∆V1k = 1k‬‬ ‫= ‪= 40V , ∆V2 k = 2 k‬‬ ‫‪= 20V‬‬
‫‪C1 k‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪C2k‬‬ ‫‪24‬‬
‫‪٢١‬‬
‫ﻣﺜ ﺎل‪ /61‬ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺘﺎن ﻣ ﻦ ذوات اﻟ ﺼﻔﺎﺋﺢ اﻟﻤﺘﻮازﯾ ﺔ )‪ (C1=9µF,C2=18µF‬ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﺘ ﺎن ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮاﻟﻲ ورﺑﻄ ﺖ‬
‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺘﮭﻤﺎ اﻟﻰ ﻧﻀﯿﺪة ﻓﺮق اﻟﺠﮭﺪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻗﻄﺒﯿﮭﺎ ‪. 12V‬‬
‫‪ -1‬اﺣﺴﺐ ﺷﺤﻨﺔ وﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ادﺧﻞ ﻟﻮح ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎدة ﻋﺎزﻟﺔ ﻛﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﯿﺎ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ )ﻣﻊ ﺑﻘﺎء اﻟﺒﻄﺎرﯾﺔ ﻣﺘﺼﻠﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ( ﻓﺄﺻﺒﺤﺖ‬
‫اﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻜﻠﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ‪ 144µC‬اﺣﺴﺐ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ اﻟﻌﺰل اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ وﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ؟‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2 +1‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪1-‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪= +‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪⇒ Ceq=6µF‬‬
‫‪C eq‬‬ ‫‪C1‬‬ ‫‪C2‬‬ ‫‪9 18‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬
‫‪QT =Ceq . ∆VT =6 × 12 =72µC‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪72‬‬ ‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪72‬‬
‫= ‪∆V1 = 1‬‬ ‫= ‪= 8V , ∆V2 = 2‬‬ ‫‪= 4V‬‬
‫‪C1‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪C2‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬
‫‪2-‬‬
‫‪ Q‬اﻟﺒﻄﺎرﯾﺔ ﻣﺘﺼﻠﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ‪∆VTk = ∆VT =12V‬‬
‫‪Q Tk‬‬ ‫‪144‬‬
‫= ‪C eqk‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 12V‬‬
‫‪∆VTk‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪3−2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪−‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬
‫‪C eqk‬‬ ‫‪C1 k‬‬ ‫‪C2‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪C1 k‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬ ‫‪C1 k‬‬ ‫‪12 18‬‬ ‫‪36‬‬ ‫‪36‬‬
‫‪∴ C1k=36µF‬‬
‫‪36‬‬
‫⇒ ‪C1k =k C1 ⇒ 36 =k × 9‬‬ ‫=‪k‬‬ ‫‪=4‬‬
‫‪9‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /62‬ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺳﻌﺘﮭﺎ )‪ (4µF‬وﺷﺤﻨﺘﮭﺎ )‪ (300µC‬وﺻﻠﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮازي ﻣ ﻊ ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ اﺧ ﺮى ﻏﯿ ﺮ ﻣ ﺸﺤﻮﻧﺔ ﺳ ﻌﺘﮭﺎ‬
‫)‪ . (2µF‬اﺣﺴﺐ ﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ وﺷﺤﻨﺔ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻞ‪.‬‬
‫‪QT =Q1 + Q2 =300 + 0 =300µC‬‬
‫‪Ceq =C1 + C2 =4 + 2 =6µF‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬
‫= ‪∆VT = T‬‬ ‫‪= 50V‬‬
‫‪C eq‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬
‫‪Q1 =C1 . ∆V1 =4 × 50 =200µC , Q2 =C2 . ∆V2 =2 × 50 =100µC‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /63‬ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﻣﺸﺤﻮﻧﺔ ﺳﻌﺘﮭﺎ ‪ 6μF‬وﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪھﺎ ‪ 30V‬وﺻﻠﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮازي ﻣ ﻊ ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ أﺧ ﺮى ﻏﯿ ﺮ ﻣ ﺸﺤﻮﻧﺔ‬
‫ﻓﺄﺻﺒﺢ ﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻞ ‪ 20V‬ﻣﺎ ﺳﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ وﻣﺎ ﺷﺤﻨﺔ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻨﮭﻤﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻞ ؟‬
‫ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻞ‪:‬‬
‫‪Q1 =C1 . ∆V1 =6 × 30 =180µC , Q2 =0‬‬ ‫)ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺸﺤﻮﻧﺔ(‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻞ‪:‬‬
‫‪QT =Q1 + Q2 =180 + 0 =180µC‬‬
‫‪QT‬‬ ‫‪180‬‬
‫= ‪C eq‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 9µF‬‬
‫‪∆VT‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬
‫‪Ceq =C1 + C2 ⇒ 9 =6 + C2‬‬ ‫‪⇒ C2 =9 – 6 =3µF‬‬
‫‪Q1 =C1 . ∆V1 =6 × 20 =120µC , Q2 =C2 × ∆V2 =3 × 20=60µC‬‬
‫‪٢٢‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /64‬ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺳﻌﺘﮭﺎ )‪ (4µF‬وﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪھﺎ )‪ (200V‬وﺻﻠﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮازي ﺑﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ اﺧﺮى ﻏﯿ ﺮ ﻣ ﺸﺤﻮﻧﺔ ﻓﺎﺻ ﺒﺢ‬
‫ﻓﺮق اﻟﺠﮭﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﺮﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ )‪ (80V‬ﻓﻤﺎ ﺳﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﺠﮭﻮﻟﺔ ؟ وﻣﺎ ﺷﺤﻨﺔ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ وﺻﻠﮭﻤﺎ؟‬
‫ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻞ ‪:‬‬
‫‪Q1 =C1 . ∆V1 =4 × 200 =800µC‬‬
‫)ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺸﺤﻮﻧﺔ( ‪Q2 =0‬‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻞ ‪:‬‬
‫‪QT =Q1 + Q2 =800 + 0 = 800µC‬‬
‫‪QT‬‬ ‫‪800‬‬
‫= ‪C eq‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 10µF‬‬
‫‪∆VT‬‬ ‫‪80‬‬
‫‪Ceq =C1 + C2 ⇒ 10 =4 + C2 ⇒ C2 =10 – 4 =6µF‬‬
‫‪Q1 =C1 . ∆V1 =4 × 80 =320µC , Q2 =C2 . ∆V2 =6 × 80 = 480µC‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /65‬ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺘﺎن ﺳﻌﺔ اﻻوﻟﻰ )‪ (3µF‬وﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪھﺎ )‪ (60V‬واﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ ﺳ ﻌﺘﮭﺎ )‪ (5µF‬وﻓ ﺮق ﺟﮭ ﺪھﺎ )‪ (28V‬رﺑﻄﺘ ﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮازي ﻓﻤﺎ ﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ وﺷﺤﻨﺔ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻞ‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻞ ‪:‬‬
‫‪Q1 =C1 . ∆V1 =3 × 60 =180µC , Q2 =C2 . ∆V2 =5 × 28 =140µC‬‬
‫‪QT =Q1 + Q2 =180 + 140 =320µC‬‬
‫‪Ceq =C1 + C2 =3 + 5=8µF‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪320‬‬
‫= ‪∆VT = T‬‬ ‫‪= 40V‬‬
‫‪C eq‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬
‫‪Q1 =C1 . ∆V1 =3 × 40 =120µC , Q2 =C2 . ∆V2 =5 × 40 = 200µC‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /66‬ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﻣﺸﺤﻮﻧﺔ ﺳﻌﺘﮭﺎ ‪ 100μF‬وﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪھﺎ ‪ 50V‬وﺻﻠﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮازي ﻣﻊ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ أﺧﺮى ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣ ﺸﺤﻮﻧﺔ‬
‫ﻓﺄﺻﺒﺢ ﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻞ ‪ . 20V‬ﻣﺎ ﺳﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ وﻣﺎ ﺷﺤﻨﺔ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻨﮭﻤﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻞ؟‬
‫‪Q1 =C1 . ∆V1 =100 × 50 =5000µC‬‬
‫‪Q2 = 0‬‬ ‫)ﻻﻧﮭﺎ ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺸﺤﻮﻧﺔ(‬
‫‪QT =Q1 + Q2 =5000 + 0 =5000µC‬‬
‫‪QT‬‬ ‫‪5000‬‬
‫= ‪C eq‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 250µC‬‬
‫‪∆VT‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬
‫‪Ceq =C1 + C2‬‬ ‫‪⇒ 250 =100 + C2 ⇒ C2 =250 – 100 =150µF‬‬
‫‪Q1 = C1 . ∆V1 =100 × 20 =2000µC , Q2 = C2 . ∆V2 = 150 × 20 = 3000µC‬‬
‫‪٢٣‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /67‬ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺳﻌﺘﮭﺎ ‪ 2μF‬وﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪھﺎ ‪ 30V‬وأﺧﺮى ﺳ ﻌﺘﮭﺎ ‪ 3μF‬وﻓ ﺮق ﺟﮭ ﺪھﺎ ‪ 40V‬وﺻ ﻠﺘﺎ ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮازي‬
‫ﻣﻊ ﺑﻌﻀﮭﻤﺎ ﻓﻤﺎ ﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ وﺷﺤﻨﺔ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻨﮭﻤﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻞ ‪.‬‬
‫‪Q1 =C1 . ∆V1 =2 × 30 =60µC , Q2 =C2 . ∆V2 =3 × 40 =120µC‬‬
‫‪QT =Q1 + Q2 = 60 + 120 =180µC‬‬
‫‪Ceq =C1 + C2 =2 + 3 =5µF‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪180‬‬
‫= ‪∆VT = T‬‬ ‫‪= 36V‬‬
‫‪C eq‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬
‫‪Q1 =C1 . ∆V1 =2 × 36 =72µC‬‬ ‫‪, Q2 =C2 . ∆V2 =3 × 36 =108µC‬‬
‫ﻣﺜ ﺎل‪ /68‬ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ ﺳ ﻌﺘﮭﺎ ‪ 1µF‬ﻣ ﺸﺤﻮﻧﺔ ﺑ ﺸﺤﻨﺔ ﻣﻘ ﺪارھﺎ ‪ 400µF‬وﺻ ﻠﺖ ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮازي ﻣ ﻊ ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ اﺧ ﺮى ﻏﯿ ﺮ‬
‫ﻣﺸﺤﻮﻧﺔ ﺳﻌﺘﮭﺎ ‪ 4µF‬اﺣﺴﺐ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -1‬ﻣﻘﺪار اﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ أي ﻣﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻞ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﺎل اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪1- QT =Q1 + Q2 =400 + 0=400µC‬‬
‫‪Ceq =C1 + C2 =1 + 4=5µF‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪400‬‬
‫= ‪∆VT = T‬‬ ‫‪= 80V‬‬
‫‪C eq‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬
‫‪Q1=C1 . ∆V1 =1 × 80 =80µC , Q2 =C2 . ∆V2 =4 × 80=320µC‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪2- PE 1 = ∆V1 .Q1 = × 80 × 80 × 10 −6 = 32 × 10 − 4 J‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪PE 1 = ∆V2 .Q 2 = × 80 × 320 × 10 −6 = 128 × 10 − 4 J‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /69‬ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺳﻌﺘﮭﺎ ‪ 2µF‬وﺷﺤﻨﺘﮭﺎ ‪ 800µC‬اﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﻘﺪار اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻓﯿﮭﺎ ‪ .‬واذا وﺻﻠﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮازي ﻣ ﻊ‬
‫ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ اﺧﺮى ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺸﺤﻮﻧﺔ ﺳﻌﺘﮭﺎ ‪ 6µF‬اﺣﺴﺐ ﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ وﺷﺤﻨﺔ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ وﻣﻘﺪار اﻟﻨﻘﺺ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪1 Q1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫) ‪(800 × 10‬‬
‫‪−6 2‬‬
‫‪640000 × 10‬‬ ‫‪−12‬‬
‫= ‪PE 1‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 16 × 10 − 2 J‬‬

‫‪2 C1‬‬ ‫‪2 × 2 × 10‬‬ ‫‪−6‬‬
‫‪4 × 10‬‬ ‫‪−6‬‬
‫‪QT =Q1 + Q2 =800 + 0=800µC‬‬
‫‪Ceq =C1 + C2 =2 + 6=8µF‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪800‬‬
‫= ‪∆VT = T‬‬ ‫‪= 100V‬‬
‫‪C eq‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬
‫‪ Q‬اﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺗﻮازي ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ‪∆VT =∆V1 =∆V2=100V‬‬
‫‪Q1=C1 . ∆V1=2 × 100 =200µC‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪Q2=C2 . ∆V2 =6 × 100 =600µC‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪PE T = ∆VT .Q T = × 100 × 800 × 10 −6 = 4 × 10 −2 J‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪٢٤‬‬
‫‪∆PE =PET – PE1=4×10-2 – 16×10-2 = − 12 × 10 −2 µF‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /70‬ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺘﺎن )‪ (C1=2µF , C2=8µF‬وﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻻوﻟﻰ ﻣﺸﺤﻮﻧﺔ واﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺸﺤﻮﻧﺔ رﺑﻄﺘﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮازي ﻣ ﻊ‬
‫ﺑﻌﻀﮭﻤﺎ ﻓﻜ ﺎن ﻓ ﺮق اﻟﺠﮭ ﺪ ﻋﻠ ﻰ ﻃﺮﻓ ﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋ ﺔ )‪ . (20V‬ﺟ ﺪ ﻣﻘ ﺪار ﺷ ﺤﻨﺔ وﻓ ﺮق ﺟﮭ ﺪ اﻟﻤﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ اﻻوﻟ ﻰ ﻗﺒ ﻞ ان‬
‫ﺗﻮﺻﻞ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪Ceq =C1 + C2 =2 + 8=10µF‬‬
‫‪QT =Ceq . ∆VT =10 × 20 =200µC‬‬
‫‪QT =Q1 + Q2 ⇒ 200 =Q1 + 0 ⇒ Q1 =200µC‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪200‬‬
‫= ‪∆V1 = 1‬‬ ‫‪= 100V‬‬
‫‪C1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /71‬ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ ﺳ ﻌﺘﮭﺎ ‪ 2µF‬وﻓ ﺮق اﻟﺠﮭ ﺪ ﺑ ﯿﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ ‪ 100V‬وﺻ ﻠﺖ ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮازي ﻣ ﻊ ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ ﺳ ﻌﺘﮭﺎ ‪2µF‬‬
‫ﻏﯿ ﺮ ﻣ ﺸﺤﻮﻧﺔ ‪ .‬اﺣ ﺴﺐ ﻟﻜ ﻞ ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ اﻟ ﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧ ﺔ ﻋﻠ ﻰ أي ﻣ ﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ ؟ واذا وﺿ ﻊ ﻋ ﺎزل ﺑ ﯿﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ ﺑﺪﻻ ﻣﻦ اﻟﮭﻮاء ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻋﺰﻟﮫ ‪ 3‬ﻓﻜﻢ ﺳﺘﺼﺒﺢ اﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ أي ﻣﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ؟‬
‫ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﻌﺎزل وﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻞ‪:‬‬
‫‪Q1 =C1 . ∆V1 =2 × 100=200µC‬‬
‫‪Q2 = 0‬‬ ‫)ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺸﺤﻮﻧﺔ(‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻞ وﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﻌﺎزل ‪:‬‬
‫‪QT =Q1 + Q2 =200 + 0 =200µC‬‬
‫‪Ceq =C1 + C2 =2 + 2=4µF‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪200‬‬
‫= ‪∆VT = T‬‬ ‫‪= 50V‬‬
‫‪C eq‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫‪Q1 =C1 . ∆V=2 × 50 =100µC , Q2 =C2 . ∆V2 =2 × 50 =100µC‬‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻞ وﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻌﺎزل‬
‫‪C2k =k C2 =3 × 2=6µF‬‬
‫‪Ceqk =C1 + C2k =2 + 6=8µF‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪200‬‬
‫= ‪∆VTk = Tk‬‬ ‫‪= 25V‬‬
‫‪C eqk‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬
‫‪Q1 =C1 . ∆V1 =2 × 25 =50µC , QTk =C2k . ∆V2k =6 × 25 = 150µC‬‬
‫‪٢٥‬‬
‫ﻣﺜ ﺎل‪ /72‬ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ ﺳ ﻌﺘﮭﺎ ‪ 8µF‬وﻓ ﺮق اﻟﺠﮭ ﺪ ﺑ ﯿﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ ‪ 30V‬وﺻ ﻠﺖ ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮازي ﻣ ﻊ ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ اﺧ ﺮى ﺳ ﻌﺘﮭﺎ‬
‫‪ 4µF‬ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺸﺤﻮﻧﺔ ‪ .‬اﺣﺴﺐ ﻓ ﺮق ﺟﮭ ﺪ ﻛ ﻞ ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ ﺑﻌ ﺪ اﻟﺘﻮﺻ ﯿﻞ ‪ ،‬واذا ادﺧ ﻞ ﻟ ﻮح ﻣ ﻦ ﻣ ﺎدة ﻋﺎزﻟ ﺔ ﻛﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﯿ ﺎ ﺛﺎﺑ ﺖ‬
‫ﻋﺰﻟ ﮫ )‪ (k‬ﺑ ﯿﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿ ﺔ ھ ﺒﻂ ﻓ ﺮق ﺟﮭ ﺪ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋ ﺔ اﻟ ﻰ ‪ 12V‬اﺣ ﺴﺐ ﺛﺎﺑ ﺖ اﻟﻌ ﺰل اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑ ﺎﺋﻲ )‪(k‬‬
‫واﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ أي ﻣﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻞ وﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﻌﺎزل‪:‬‬
‫‪QT =Q1 + Q2 =240 + 0 =240µC‬‬
‫‪Ceq =C1 + C2 =8 + 4 =12µF‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪240‬‬
‫= ‪∆VT = T‬‬ ‫‪= 20V‬‬
‫‪C eq‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬
‫‪Q1 =C1 . ∆V1 =8 × 20 =160µC , Q2 =C2 . ∆V2 =4 × 20 =80µC‬‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻞ وﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻌﺎزل‪:‬‬
‫‪Q Tk‬‬ ‫‪240‬‬
‫= ‪C eqk‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 20µF‬‬
‫‪∆VTk‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬
‫‪Ceqk =C1 + C2k‬‬ ‫‪⇒ 20 =8 + C2k‬‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫‪C2k =20 – 8 =12µF‬‬
‫‪C2k = kC2‬‬ ‫‪⇒ 12 =k × 4 ⇒ k=3‬‬

‫‪Q1=C1 × ∆V1 =8 × 12 =96µC ,‬‬ ‫‪Q2k =C2k × ∆V2k =12 × 12 =144µC‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /73‬ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺳﻌﺘﮭﺎ ‪ 2µF‬ﻣﺸﺤﻮﻧﺔ ﻟﻔﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ ‪ 50V‬وﺻ ﻠﺖ ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮازي ﻣ ﻊ ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ اﺧ ﺮى ﺳ ﻌﺘﮭﺎ ‪ 8µF‬ﻏﯿ ﺮ‬
‫ﻣﺸﺤﻮﻧﺔ ﻣﺎ ﻣﻘﺪار ﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ وﺷﺤﻨﺔ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻞ ‪ .‬واذا وﺿﻊ ﺑ ﯿﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ اﻻوﻟ ﻰ ﻣ ﺎدة ﻋﺎزﻟ ﺔ‬
‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻋﺰﻟﮭﺎ ‪ 6‬ﻓﻤﺎ ﻓﺮق اﻟﺠﮭﺪ واﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪Q1=C1 . ∆V1 =2 × 50 =100µC‬‬
‫‪Q2 = 0‬‬ ‫)ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺸﺤﻮﻧﺔ(‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻞ وﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﻌﺎزل‪:‬‬
‫‪QT =Q1 + Q2 =100 + 0=100µC‬‬
‫‪Ceq =C1 + C2 =2 + 8 =10µF‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪100‬‬
‫= ‪∆VT = T‬‬ ‫‪= 10V‬‬
‫‪C eq‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬
‫‪Q1 =C1 . ∆V1 =2 × 10 =20µC , Q2 =C2 × ∆V2 =8 × 10 =80µC‬‬
‫‪C1k =kC1 =6 × 2=12µF‬‬
‫‪Ceqk=C1k + C2 =12 + 8=20µF‬‬
‫‪QTk = QT =100µC‬‬ ‫‪ Q‬اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻔﺼﻮﻟﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤﺼﺪر اﻟﺸﺎﺣﻦ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪100‬‬
‫= ‪∆VTk = Tk‬‬ ‫‪= 5V‬‬
‫‪C eqk‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬
‫‪٢٦‬‬
‫‪ Q‬اﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺗﻮازي ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ‪∆VTk = ∆V1k = ∆V2=5V‬‬
‫‪Q1k =C1k . ∆V1k =12 × 5=60µC , Q2 =C2 . ∆V2 =8 × 5 =40µC‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /74‬ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺳﻌﺘﮭﺎ ‪ 2µF‬وﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪھﺎ ‪ 30V‬وﺻﻠﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮازي ﻣﻊ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺳﻌﺘﮭﺎ ‪ 3µF‬ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺸﺤﻮﻧﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (1‬اﺣﺴﺐ ﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ وﺷﺤﻨﺔ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (2‬اذا ادﺧﻞ ﻟﻮح ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎدة ﻋﺎزﻟﺔ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻋﺰﻟﮫ ‪ ٦‬ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ ﺑﺪل اﻟﮭﻮاء ﻓﻤﺎ ﻣﻘﺪار ﻓﺮق ﺟﮭ ﺪ وﺷ ﺤﻨﺔ‬
‫ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻌﺎزل‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (1‬ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻞ‪:‬‬
‫‪Q1=C1 . ∆V1=2 × 30=60µC‬‬
‫‪Q2=0‬‬
‫‪QT =Q1 + Q2=60 + 0=60µC‬‬
‫‪Ceq=C1 + C2 =2 + 3=5µF‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪60‬‬
‫= ‪∆VT = T‬‬ ‫‪= 12µF‬‬
‫‪C eq‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬
‫‪ Q‬اﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺗﻮازي ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ‪∆VT =∆V1 =∆V2=12V‬‬
‫‪Q1=C1 . ∆V1=2 × 12=24µC , Q2=3 × 12=36µC‬‬
‫)‪ (2‬ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻌﺎزل‪:‬‬
‫‪C2k=kC2 =6 × 3=18µF‬‬
‫‪Ceqk=C1 + C2k =2 + 18=20µF‬‬
‫‪ Q‬اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻔﺼﻮﻟﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺒﻄﺎرﯾﺔ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ‪QTk =QT =60µC‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪60‬‬
‫= ‪∆VTk = Tk‬‬ ‫‪= 3V‬‬
‫‪C eqk‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬
‫‪ Q‬اﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺗﻮازي ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ‪∆VTk =∆V1 =∆V2k=3V‬‬
‫‪Q1=C1 . ∆V1=2 × 3=6µC , Q2k=C2k . ∆V2k=18 × 3=54µC‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /75‬ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺳ ﻌﺘﮭﺎ ‪ 2μF‬اﻟﻌ ﺎزل ﺑ ﯿﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ اﻟﮭ ﻮاء وﺿ ﻌﺖ ﺑ ﯿﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ ﻣ ﺎدة ﻋﺎزﻟ ﺔ ﺛ ﻢ وﺻ ﻠﺖ ﻋﻠ ﻰ‬
‫اﻟﺘﻮازي ﻣﻊ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ أﺧﺮى ﺳﻌﺘﮭﺎ ‪ 6μF‬ووﺻﻠﺖ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺑﻄﺎرﯾﺔ ﻓﻜﺎﻧﺖ اﻟ ﺸﺤﻨﺔ ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﻤﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ اﻷوﻟ ﻰ ‪320μC‬‬
‫واﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ ‪ 240μC‬ﻓﻤﺎ ﻣﻘﺪار ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻋﺰل اﻟﻤﺎدة ؟‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪240‬‬
‫= ‪∆V2 = 2‬‬ ‫‪= 40V‬‬
‫‪C2‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬
‫‪ Q‬اﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺗﻮازي ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ‪∆V1k =∆V2 =40V‬‬
‫‪Q 1k‬‬ ‫‪320‬‬
‫= ‪C1 k‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 8µF‬‬
‫‪∆V1k‬‬ ‫‪40‬‬
‫‪C‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬
‫= ‪k = 1k‬‬ ‫‪=4‬‬
‫‪C1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪٢٧‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /76‬ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺸﺤﻮﻧﺔ ﺳﻌﺘﮭﺎ ‪ 2μF‬وﺿﻌﺖ ﻣﺎدة ﻋﺎزﻟﮭﺎ ﺑ ﯿﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ ﺑ ﺪل اﻟﮭ ﻮاء ورﺑﻄ ﺖ ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮازي‬
‫ﻣﻊ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ أﺧﺮى ﺷﺤﻨﺘﮭﺎ ‪ 180μC‬وﺳﻌﺘﮭﺎ ‪ 3μF‬ﻓﺄﺻﺒﺢ ﻓﺮق اﻟﺠﮭﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ‪ 12V‬ﻓﻤﺎ ﺷﺤﻨﺔ ﻛ ﻞ ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ ﺑﻌ ﺪ‬
‫اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻞ ؟ وﻣﺎ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻋﺰل اﻷوﻟﻰ ؟‬
‫‪QTk =Q1k + Q2 =0 + 180 =180µC‬‬
‫‪Q Tk‬‬ ‫‪180‬‬
‫= ‪C eqk‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 15µF‬‬
‫‪∆VTk‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬
‫‪Ceqk =C1k + C2‬‬ ‫‪⇒ 15 =C1k + 3 ⇒ C1k =15 – 3=12µF‬‬
‫‪ Q‬اﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺗﻮازي ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ‪∆VTk = ∆V1k = ∆V2 =12V‬‬
‫‪Q1k =C1k . ∆V1k =12 × 12 =144µC , Q2 =C2 . ∆V2 =3 × 12=36µC‬‬
‫‪C‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬
‫= ‪k = 1k‬‬ ‫‪=6‬‬
‫‪C1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /77‬ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺳﻌﺘﮭﺎ ‪ 12μF‬ﻣﺸﺤﻮﻧﺔ ﻟﻔﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ ﻣﻘﺪاره ‪ 60V‬وﺻﻠﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮازي ﺑﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ أﺧﺮى ﺳ ﻌﺘﮭﺎ ‪8μF‬‬
‫ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺸﺤﻮﻧﺔ اﺣﺴﺐ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -1‬ﺷﺤﻨﺔ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ وﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪھﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺮﺑﻂ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ﻟﻮ وﺿﻊ ﻋﺎزل ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻋﺰﻟﮫ )‪ (2‬ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ ﺑﺪﻻ ﻣﻦ اﻟﮭﻮاء ﻓﻜﻢ ﯾﺼﺒﺢ ﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ‬
‫‪ -3‬ﻣﻘﺪار اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ وﺿﻊ اﻟﻌﺎزل ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -4‬اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻜﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻗﺒﻞ وﺑﻌﺪ وﺿﻊ اﻟﻌﺎزل ‪.‬‬
‫‪1-‬‬
‫‪QT =Q1 + Q2 =720 + 0 =720µC‬‬
‫‪Ceq =C1 + C2 =12 + 8 =20µF‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪720‬‬
‫= ‪∆VT = T‬‬ ‫‪= 36V‬‬
‫‪C eq‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬
‫‪Q1 =C1 . ∆V1 =12 × 36 =432µC , Q2 =C2 . ∆V2 =8 × 36 =288µC‬‬
‫‪2- C2k =k C2 =2 × 8 =16µF‬‬
‫‪Ceqk =C1 + C2k =12 + 16 =28µF‬‬
‫‪ Q‬اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻔﺼﻮﻟﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤﺼﺪر اﻟﺸﺎﺣﻦ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ‪QTk = QT = 720µC‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪720‬‬
‫= ‪∆VTk = Tk‬‬ ‫‪= 25.7 V‬‬
‫‪C eqk‬‬ ‫‪28‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪3- PE 1 = C1 .(∆V1 ) 2 = × 12 × 10 −6 × (25.7) 2 = 3960.94 × 10 −6 J‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪PE 2 k = C 2 k .(∆V2 ) 2 = × 16 × 10 − 6 × (25.7) 2 = 5283.92 × 10 − 6 J‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪4- PE T = ∆VT .Q T = × 36 × 720 × 10 −6 = 1296 × 10 −5 J‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪PETk =PE1 + PE2k =3960.94×10-6 + 5283.92×10-6 =9244.86×10-6J‬‬
‫‪٢٨‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /78‬ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺳﻌﺘﮭﺎ ‪ 4µF‬وﻓ ﺮق ﺟﮭ ﺪھﺎ ‪ 200V‬وﺻ ﻠﺖ ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮازي ﻣ ﻊ ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ اﺧ ﺮى ﻏﯿ ﺮ ﻣ ﺸﺤﻮﻧﺔ ﺳ ﻌﺘﮭﺎ‬
‫‪ 6µF‬ﺟﺪ ﻓﺮق ﺟﮭ ﺪ وﺷ ﺤﻨﺔ ﻛ ﻞ ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ ﺑﻌ ﺪ اﻟﺘﻮﺻ ﯿﻞ ‪ ،‬وﻋﻨ ﺪ وﺿ ﻊ ﻣ ﺎدة ﻋﺎزﻟ ﺔ ﺑ ﯿﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿ ﺔ ﺑ ﺪل‬
‫اﻟﻔﺮاغ او اﻟﮭﻮاء اﺻﺒﺤﺖ ﺷﺤﻨﺘﮭﺎ ‪ 600µC‬ﺟﺪ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ اﻟﻌﺰل؟‬
‫‪Q1=C1×∆V1=4×200=800µF ,‬‬ ‫)ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺸﺤﻮﻧﺔ( ‪Q2=0‬‬
‫‪QT = Q1 + Q2 =800 + 0=800µF‬‬
‫‪Ceq =C1 + C2 =4+6=10µF‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪800‬‬
‫= ‪∆VT = T‬‬ ‫‪= 80V = ∆V1 = ∆V2‬‬
‫‪C eq‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬
‫‪Q1=C1.∆V1=4×80=320µC , Q2=C2.∆V2=6×80=480µC‬‬
‫‪QTk =Q1 + Q2k ⇒ 800 =Q1 +600 ⇒ Q1=200µC‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪200‬‬
‫= ‪∆V1 = 1‬‬ ‫‪= 50V = ∆V2 K‬‬
‫‪C1‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫‪Q 2K‬‬ ‫‪600‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬
‫= ‪C 2K‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫= ‪= 12µF , k = 2 k‬‬ ‫‪=2‬‬
‫‪∆V2 K‬‬ ‫‪50‬‬ ‫‪C2‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /79‬ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺳﻌﺘﮭﺎ ‪ 4μF‬وﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪھﺎ ‪ 200V‬رﺑﻄﺖ ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮازي ﻣ ﻊ ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ أﺧ ﺮى ﻏﯿ ﺮ ﻣ ﺸﺤﻮﻧﺔ ﺳ ﻌﺘﮭﺎ‬
‫‪ 6μF‬ﺟﺪ ﺷﺤﻨﺔ وﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺮﺑﻂ ‪ .‬وﻋﻨﺪ وﺿﻊ ﻣﺎدة ﻋﺎزﻟﺔ ﺑ ﯿﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿ ﺔ ﺑ ﺪل اﻟﮭ ﻮاء‬
‫وﺟﺪ ان ﺷﺤﻨﺘﮭﺎ أﺻﺒﺤﺖ ‪ . 600μC‬ﻣﺎ ﻣﻘﺪار ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻋﺰل اﻟﻤﺎدة اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻌﻤﻠﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫‪Q1= C1∆V1 = 4×200 = 800μC‬‬
‫ﺑﻤﺎ ان اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺸﺤﻮﻧﺔ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ )‪(Q2=0‬‬
‫‪∴ Qtotal = Q1+Q2 = 800 + 0 =800μC‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪800‬‬
‫= ‪Ceq = C1 + C2 = 4 + 6 =10μF , ∆Vtotal= total‬‬ ‫‪= 80 V =∆V1 =∆V2=∆V‬‬
‫‪C eq‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬
‫‪∴ Q1 = C1∆V = 4×80 = 320μC , Q2 = C2∆V = 6×80 = 480μF‬‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ إدﺧﺎل اﻟﻤﺎدة اﻟﻌﺎزﻟﺔ‬
‫‪Qtotal = Q1 + Q2 ⇒ 800 = Q1 + 600 ⇒ Q1 = 200μC‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪200‬‬
‫= ‪∴ ∆V1 = 1‬‬ ‫‪= 50V =∆V2 =∆V‬‬
‫‪C1‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫‪Q2‬‬ ‫‪600‬‬
‫= ‪C 2k‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 12µF‬‬
‫‪∆V2‬‬ ‫‪50‬‬
‫‪C‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬
‫= ‪K = 2k‬‬ ‫‪=2‬‬
‫‪C2‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬
‫‪٢٩‬‬
‫ﻣﺜــﺎل‪ /80‬ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺘﺎن ﺳ ﻌﺔ ﻛ ﻞ ﻣﻨﮭﻤ ﺎ ‪ 2μF‬اﻷوﻟ ﻰ ﻣ ﺸﺤﻮﻧﺔ ﻓ ﺮق ﺟﮭ ﺪھﺎ ‪ 60V‬واﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿ ﺔ ﻏﯿ ﺮ ﻣ ﺸﺤﻮﻧﺔ وﺿ ﻊ ﺑ ﯿﻦ‬
‫ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ ﺑ ﺪل اﻟﮭ ﻮاء ﻋ ﺎزل ﺛﺎﺑ ﺖ ﻋﺰﻟ ﮫ )‪ (4‬ﺛ ﻢ وﺻ ﻠﺖ ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮازي ﻣ ﻊ اﻷوﻟ ﻰ ‪ ،‬ﻣ ﺎ ﻓ ﺮق ﺟﮭ ﺪ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋ ﺔ‬
‫وﺷﺤﻨﺔ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ؟‬
‫‪Q1=C1∆V1= 2×60 =120μC , C2k= KC2= 4×2= 8μF‬‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ رﺑﻂ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺘﯿﻦ ﻣﻊ ﺑﻌﺾ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮازي ﻓﺎن‬
‫‪Qtotal = Q1 = 120μC ,‬‬ ‫‪Ceq= C1 + C2k= 2 + 8= 10μF‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪120‬‬
‫= ‪∆Vtotal= total‬‬ ‫‪= 12V‬‬
‫‪C eq‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬
‫‪Q1=C1∆V=2×12=24μC , Q2 =C2×∆V =8×12= 96μC‬‬
‫ﻣﺜــﺎل‪ /81‬ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ ﻣ ﺸﺤﻮﻧﺔ اﻟﻌ ﺎزل ﺑ ﯿﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ اﻟﮭ ﻮاء ﺳ ﻌﺘﮭﺎ ‪ 6μF‬وﻓ ﺮق ﺟﮭ ﺪھﺎ ‪ 100V‬وﺿ ﻊ ﻋ ﺎزل ﺑ ﯿﻦ‬
‫ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻋﺰﻟﮫ )‪ (2‬ﺛﻢ وﺻﻠﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮازي ﻣﻊ ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ أﺧ ﺮى ﺳ ﻌﺘﮭﺎ ‪ 8μF‬ﺟ ﺪ ﻓ ﺮق ﺟﮭ ﺪ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋ ﺔ وﺷ ﺤﻨﺔ‬
‫ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ؟‬
‫ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﺮﺑﻂ وإدﺧﺎل اﻟﻌﺎزل ‪:‬‬
‫‪Q1=C1×∆V=6×100=600μC‬‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺮﺑﻂ ووﺿﻊ اﻟﻌﺎزل ‪:‬‬
‫‪Q1=Qtotal=600μF , CK1=KC1=2×6=12μF‬‬
‫‪Ceq=CK1 + C2 =12+8=20μF‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪600‬‬
‫= ‪∆Vtotal = total‬‬ ‫‪= 30V‬‬
‫‪C eq‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬
‫‪∆V1=∆V2=∆Vtotal =30V‬‬
‫‪Q1=CK1×∆V=12×30=360μC‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪Q2=C2×∆V=8×30=240μC‬‬
‫ﻣﺜ ﺎل‪ /82‬ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ ﺳ ﻌﺘﮭﺎ ‪ 2µF‬وﻓ ﺮق ﺟﮭ ﺪھﺎ ‪ 200V‬وﺻ ﻠﺖ ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮازي ﻣ ﻊ ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ اﺧ ﺮى ﺳ ﻌﺘﮭﺎ ‪ 4µF‬وﻓ ﺮق‬
‫ﺟﮭﺪھﺎ ‪ 50V‬ﻣﺎ ﻣﻘﺪار‪:‬‬
‫‪ -1‬ﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ وﺷﺤﻨﺔ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻞ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬اذا ادﺧﻞ ﻟﻮح ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎدة ﻋﺎزﻟﺔ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻋﺰﻟﮭﺎ ‪ k‬ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ اﻻوﻟ ﻰ اﻧﺨﻔ ﺾ ﻓ ﺮق ﺟﮭ ﺪ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋ ﺔ ﺑﻤﻘ ﺪار‬
‫‪ 40V‬ﻣﺎ ﻣﻘﺪار اﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ أي ﻣﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ادﺧﺎل اﻟﻌﺎزل‪.‬‬
‫‪1- Q1 =C1 . ∆V1 =2 × 200 =400µC , Q2 =C2 . ∆V2 =4 × 50 =200µC‬‬
‫‪QT = Q1 + Q2 =400 + 200 =600µC‬‬
‫‪Ceq =C1 + C2 =2 + 4 =6µF‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪600‬‬
‫= ‪∆VT = T‬‬ ‫‪= 100V‬‬
‫‪C eq‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬
‫‪Q1 =C1 . ∆V1 =2 × 100 =200µC ,‬‬ ‫‪Q2 =C2 . ∆V2 =4 × 100 =400µC‬‬
‫‪2-‬‬
‫‪٣٠‬‬
‫‪∆VTk =∆VT – 40 =100 – 40 =60V‬‬
‫‪QTk = QT =600µC‬‬ ‫‪ Q‬اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻨﻔﺼﻠﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤﺼﺪر اﻟﺸﺎﺣﻦ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‬
‫‪Q Tk‬‬ ‫‪600‬‬
‫= ‪C eqk‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 10µF‬‬
‫‪∆VTk‬‬ ‫‪60‬‬
‫‪Ceqk =C1k + C2 ⇒ 10 =C1k + 4‬‬ ‫‪⇒ C1k =10 – 4 =6µF‬‬
‫‪6‬‬
‫⇒ ‪C1k =k C1 ⇒ 6 =k × 2‬‬ ‫=‪k‬‬ ‫‪=3‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫ﻣﺜــﺎل‪ /83‬ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ ﺳ ﻌﺘﮭﺎ )‪ (15μF‬ﻣ ﺸﺤﻮﻧﺔ ﺑﻔ ﺮق ﺟﮭ ﺪ )‪ (300V‬رﺑﻄ ﺖ ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮازي ﻣ ﻊ ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ أﺧ ﺮى ﻏﯿ ﺮ‬
‫ﻣﺸﺤﻮﻧﺔ ﻓﺄﺻﺒﺢ ﻓﺮق اﻟﺠﮭﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﺮﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ )‪ (100V‬اﺣﺴﺐ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -1‬ﺳﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ﺷﺤﻨﺔ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺮﺑﻂ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -3‬إذا وﺿ ﻊ ﺑ ﯿﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ اﻷوﻟ ﻰ ﻣ ﺎدة ﻋﺎزﻟ ﺔ أﺻ ﺒﺢ ﻓ ﺮق ﺟﮭ ﺪ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋ ﺔ )‪ (75V‬ﺟ ﺪ ﺛﺎﺑ ﺖ ﻋ ﺰل ﺗﻠ ﻚ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺎدة؟‬
‫‪1-‬‬
‫ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﺮﺑﻂ‪:‬‬
‫)ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺸﺤﻮﻧﺔ( ‪Q1 =C1 . ∆V1 =15 × 300 =4500µC , Q2 =0‬‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺮﺑﻂ‪:‬‬
‫‪QT =Q1 + Q2 =4500 + 0 =4500µC‬‬
‫‪QT‬‬ ‫‪4500‬‬
‫= ‪C eq‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 45µF‬‬
‫‪∆VT‬‬ ‫‪100‬‬
‫‪Ceq =C1 + C2‬‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫‪45 =15 + C2‬‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫‪C2 =45 – 15 =30µF‬‬
‫‪2- Q1 =C1 × ∆V1 =15 × 100 =1500µC ,‬‬ ‫‪Q2 =C2 × ∆V2 =30 × 100 =3000µF‬‬
‫‪3-‬‬
‫‪Q Tk‬‬ ‫‪4500‬‬
‫= ‪C eqk‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 60µF‬‬
‫‪∆VTk‬‬ ‫‪75‬‬
‫‪Ceqk =C1k + C2 ⇒ 60 =C1k + 30‬‬ ‫‪⇒ C1k =60 – 30 =30µF‬‬
‫‪C‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬
‫= ‪k = 1k‬‬ ‫‪=2‬‬
‫‪C1‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬
‫ﻣﺜــﺎل‪ /84‬ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ ﻣ ﺸﺤﻮﻧﺔ ﺳ ﻌﺘﮭﺎ ‪ 2μF‬اﻟﻌ ﺎزل ﺑ ﯿﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ اﻟﮭ ﻮاء وﺿ ﻌﺖ ﻣ ﺎدة ﻋﺎزﻟ ﺔ ﺑ ﯿﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ ﺛﺎﺑ ﺖ‬
‫ﻋﺰﻟﮭﺎ ‪ 2.5‬ﺛﻢ رﺑﻄﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮازي ﻣﻊ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ أﺧﺮى ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺸﺤﻮﻧﺔ ﺳ ﻌﺘﮭﺎ ‪ 3μF‬ﻓﻜﺎﻧ ﺖ اﻟ ﺸﺤﻨﺔ ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﻤﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿ ﺔ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺮﺑﻂ ‪ . 45μC‬اﺣﺴﺐ ﺷﺤﻨﺔ وﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ اﻷوﻟﻰ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﺮﺑﻂ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺮﺑﻂ وإدﺧﺎل اﻟﻌﺎزل ‪:‬‬
‫‪CK =K C =2.5×2=5μF‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪45‬‬
‫= ‪∆V2 = 2‬‬ ‫‪= 15V‬‬
‫‪C2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫‪∆V2 = ∆V1 = ∆V‬‬
‫‪∴ Q1 = C K1 × ∆V = 5×15=75μC‬‬
‫‪Qtotal = Q1 + Q2 = 75 + 45 =120μC‬‬
‫‪٣١‬‬
‫ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﺮﺑﻂ ووﺿﻊ اﻟﻌﺎزل ﻓﺎن اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺸﺤﻮﻧﺔ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻓﺎن‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪120‬‬
‫= ‪Q1 = Qtotal =120μC , ∆V1 = 1‬‬ ‫‪= 60µC‬‬
‫‪C1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /85‬ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺳﻌﺘﮭﺎ )‪ (3µF‬وﺷﺤﻨﺘﮭﺎ )‪ (180µC‬ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺘﺼﻠﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺼﺪر وﺿﻌﺖ ﻣﺎدة ﻋﺎزﻟ ﺔ ﺑ ﯿﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ ﺑ ﺪل‬
‫اﻟﮭﻮاء ﻓﻈﮭﺮ ﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﺮﻓﯿﮭﺎ )‪ (30V‬ﻓﻤﺎ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -1‬ﺛﺎﺑﺖ اﻟﻌﺰل‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬اذا وﺻﻠﺖ ھﺬه اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ وﺿﻊ اﻟﻌﺎزل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮازي ﻣﻊ ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ اﺧ ﺮى ﺳ ﻌﺘﮭﺎ )‪ (4µF‬وﺷ ﺤﻨﺘﮭﺎ )‪ (60µC‬ﻓﻤ ﺎ‬
‫ﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ وﺷﺤﻨﺔ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻞ‪.‬‬
‫‪Q 180‬‬ ‫‪∆V‬‬ ‫‪60‬‬
‫= ‪1- ∆V‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫= ‪= 60V , k‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪=2‬‬
‫‪C‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪∆Vk‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬
‫‪2- QTk =Q1k + Q2 =180 + 60 =240µC‬‬
‫‪C1k=k C1=2 × 3=6µF‬‬
‫‪Ceqk=C1k + C2 =6 + 4=10µF‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪240‬‬
‫= ‪∆VTk = Tk‬‬ ‫‪= 24V‬‬
‫‪C eqk‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬
‫‪ Q‬اﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺗﻮازي ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ‪∆VTk =∆V1k = ∆V2 =24V‬‬
‫‪Q1k =C1k . ∆V1k =6 × 24 =144µC , Q2 =C2 .∆V2 =4 × 24 =96µC‬‬
‫اﻟﺮﺑﻂ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻂ‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /86‬ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺘﺎن )‪ (C1=6μF , C2=12μF‬ﻣﻮﺻﻠﺘﺎن ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮاﻟﻲ وﺻﻠﺖ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺘﮭﻤﺎ ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮازي ﻣ ﻊ ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﺳﻌﺘﮭﺎ ‪ 16μF‬ﺛﻢ وﺻﻠﺖ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ اﻟﻜﻠﯿﺔ إﻟﻰ ﺑﻄﺎرﯾﺔ ﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪھﺎ ‪ 20V‬اﺣﺴﺐ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -2‬اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﺎل اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -1‬اﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2 +1‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪1-‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪⇒ C12=4µF‬‬
‫‪C12‬‬ ‫‪C1‬‬ ‫‪C2‬‬ ‫‪6 12‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫‪Ceq=C12 + C3 =4 + 16=20µF‬‬
‫)ﺗﻮازي( ‪∆VT = ∆V3 = ∆V12 =20V‬‬
‫‪Q3 =C3 . ∆V3 =16 × 20 =320µC , Q12 =C12 . ∆V12 =4 × 20 =80µC = Q1 = Q2‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪2- PE 3 = ∆V3 .Q 3 = × 20 × 320 × 10 −6 = 32 × 10 − 4 J‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /87‬رﺑﻄﺖ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺘﺎن )‪ (3μF , 6μF‬ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮاﻟﻲ ﻣ ﻊ ﺑﻌ ﻀﮭﻤﺎ وﻣ ﻊ اﻟﻤﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ ‪ 2μF‬ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮازي ﺛ ﻢ رﺑﻄ ﺖ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ إﻟﻰ ﺑﻄﺎرﯾﺔ ﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪھﺎ ‪ 12V‬اوﺟﺪ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -1‬اﻟﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﻜﺎﻓﺌﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ‪ -2‬ﺷﺤﻨﺔ وﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2 +1 3‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪1-‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪= +‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫= =‬ ‫‪⇒ C12=2µF‬‬
‫‪C12‬‬ ‫‪C1‬‬ ‫‪C2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪Ceq =C12 + C3 =2 + 2=4µF‬‬
‫)ﺗﻮازي( ‪∆VT = ∆V3 = ∆V12 =12V‬‬
‫‪Q3 =C3 . ∆V3 =2 × 12=24µC , Q12 =C12 . ∆V12=2 × 12=24µC = Q1 = Q2‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪24‬‬ ‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪24‬‬
‫= ‪∆V1 = 1‬‬ ‫= ‪= 8V , ∆V2 = 2‬‬ ‫‪= 4V‬‬
‫‪C1‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪C2‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬
‫‪٣٢‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /88‬رﺑﻄﺖ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺘﺎن )‪ (3µF,6µF‬ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮاﻟﻲ ﻣ ﻊ ﺑﻌ ﻀﮭﻤﺎ وﻣ ﻊ اﻟﻤﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ )‪ (4µF‬ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮازي ﺛ ﻢ ﺷ ﺤﻨﺖ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋ ﺔ ﺑ ﺸﺤﻨﺔ ﻛﻠﯿ ﺔ ﻣﻘ ﺪارھﺎ ‪ 270µC‬ﻓﻤ ﺎ ﻣﻘ ﺪار ﺷ ﺤﻨﺔ وﻓ ﺮق ﺟﮭ ﺪ ﻛ ﻞ ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ ؟ وﻣ ﺎ اﻟﻤﺠ ﺎل اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑ ﺎﺋﻲ ﺑ ﯿﻦ‬
‫ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ اﻻوﻟﻰ اذا ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺑﯿﻨﮭﻤﺎ )‪.(0.2cm‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2 +1 3‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪= +‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫= =‬ ‫‪⇒ C12=2µF‬‬
‫‪C12‬‬ ‫‪C1‬‬ ‫‪C2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪Ceq=C12 + C3 =2 + 4=6µF‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪270‬‬
‫= ‪∆VT = T‬‬ ‫‪= 45V‬‬
‫‪C eq‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬
‫‪∆VT =∆V3 =∆V12 =45V‬‬ ‫)ﺗﻮازي(‬
‫‪Q3 =C3 . ∆V3=4 × 45 =180µC , Q12=C12 . ∆V12=2 × 45=90µC‬‬
‫‪Q12 = Q1 = Q2 =90µC‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪90‬‬ ‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪90‬‬
‫= ‪∆V1 = 1‬‬ ‫= ‪= 30V , ∆V2 = 2‬‬ ‫‪= 15V‬‬
‫‪C1‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪C2‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬
‫‪∆V1‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬
‫= ‪E1‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 15000 V / m‬‬
‫‪d‬‬ ‫‪0.2 × 10 − 2‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /89‬رﺑﻄﺖ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺘﺎن )‪ (C1=5µF , C2=7µF‬ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮازي ﺛﻢ رﺑﻄﺖ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺘﮭﻤﺎ ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮاﻟﻲ ﻣ ﻊ ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﺳﻌﺘﮭﺎ )‪ (4µF‬ﺛﻢ ﺷﺤﻨﺖ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ اﻟﻨﮭﺎﺋﯿﺔ ﺑﻤﺼﺪر ﻓﺮق اﻟﺠﮭ ﺪ ﺑ ﯿﻦ ﻗﻄﺒﯿ ﮫ )‪ (60V‬ﻓﻤ ﺎ ﺷ ﺤﻨﺔ وﻓ ﺮق ﺟﮭ ﺪ ﻛ ﻞ‬
‫ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ؟ وﻣﺎ اﻟﻤﺠﺎل اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ اذا ﻛﺎن اﻟﺒﻌﺪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ )‪(0.5cm‬؟‬
‫‪C12 =C1 + C2 =5 + 7 =12µF‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1 1+ 3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪⇒ Ceq=3µF‬‬
‫‪C eq‬‬ ‫‪C12‬‬ ‫‪C3‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫‪QT =Ceq . ∆VT =3 × 60 =180µC =Q12 = Q3‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪180‬‬ ‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪180‬‬
‫= ‪∆V12 = 12‬‬ ‫= ‪= 15V = ∆V1 = ∆V2 , ∆V3 = 3‬‬ ‫‪= 45V‬‬
‫‪C12‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪C3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫‪Q1 =C1 . ∆V1 =5 × 15 =75µC , Q2 =C2 . ∆V2 =7 × 15 =105µC‬‬
‫‪∆V3‬‬ ‫‪45‬‬
‫= ‪E3‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 9000V / m‬‬
‫‪d‬‬ ‫‪0.5 × 10 − 2‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /90‬رﺑﻄﺖ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺘﺎن )‪ (C1=3µF , C2=6µF‬ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮاﻟﻲ ﻣﻊ ﺑﻌﻀﮭﻤﺎ وﻣﻊ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ )‪ (4µF‬ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮازي‬
‫ﺛﻢ ﺷﺤﻨﺖ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ اﻟﻜﻠﯿﺔ ﺣﺘﻰ اﺻﺒﺢ ﻓﺮق اﻟﺠﮭﺪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ )‪ (45V‬ﻓﻤﺎ ﻣﻘﺪار ﺷﺤﻨﺔ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ؟ وﻣ ﺎ اﻟﻤﺠ ﺎل‬
‫اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ اﻻوﻟﻰ اذا ﻛﺎن اﻟﺒﻌﺪ ﺑﯿﻨﮭﻤﺎ )‪(0.2cm‬؟‬
‫‪∆VT = ∆V3 = ∆V12 =45V‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2 +1 3‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪= +‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫= =‬ ‫‪⇒ C12=2µF‬‬
‫‪C12‬‬ ‫‪C1‬‬ ‫‪C2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪Q3 =C3 . ∆V3 =4 × 45 =180µC , Q12=C12 . ∆V12 = 2 × 45 =90µC = Q1 = Q2‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪90‬‬
‫= ‪∆V1 = 1‬‬ ‫‪= 30V‬‬
‫‪C1‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫‪∆V1‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬
‫= ‪E1‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 15000 V / m‬‬
‫‪d‬‬ ‫‪0.2 × 10 − 2‬‬
‫‪٣٣‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /91‬رﺑﻄﺖ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺘﺎن )‪ (C1=3µF , C2=6µF‬ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮاﻟﻲ ﻣﻊ ﺑﻌﻀﮭﻤﺎ ﺛﻢ وﺻﻠﺖ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮازي‬
‫ﻣﻊ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﻣﺸﺤﻮﻧﺔ ﺳﻌﺘﮭﺎ )‪ (2µF‬وﺷﺤﻨﺘﮭﺎ )‪ (300µC‬ﻓﻤﺎ ﺷﺤﻨﺔ وﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻨﮭﻤﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻞ؟‬
‫‪Q1 = Q2 = Q12 = 0‬‬
‫‪QT =Q3 + Q12 =300 + 0 =300µC‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2 +1 3‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪= +‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫= =‬ ‫‪⇒ C12=2µF‬‬
‫‪C12‬‬ ‫‪C1‬‬ ‫‪C2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪Ceq =C12 + C3 =2 + 2 =4µF‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬
‫= ‪∆VT = T‬‬ ‫‪= 75V‬‬
‫‪C eq‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫‪∆VT = ∆V3 = ∆V12 =75V‬‬
‫‪Q3 =C3 . ∆V3 =2 × 75 =150µC , Q12 =C12 . ∆V12 =2 × 75 =150µC = Q1 = Q2‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪150‬‬ ‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪150‬‬
‫= ‪∆V1 = 1‬‬ ‫‪= 50V ,‬‬ ‫= ‪∆V2 = 2‬‬ ‫‪= 25V‬‬
‫‪C1‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪C2‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬
‫ﻣﺜ ﺎل‪ /92‬ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺘﺎن )‪ (8µF , 24µF‬ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﺘ ﺎن ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮاﻟﻲ وﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺘﮭﻤ ﺎ وﺻ ﻠﺖ ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮازي ﻣ ﻊ ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺸﺤﻮﻧﺔ ﺳﻌﺘﮭﺎ ‪ 4µF‬وﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪھﺎ ‪ 100V‬اﺣﺴﺐ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -1‬ﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬اذا ادﺧﻠ ﺖ ﻣ ﺎدة ﻋﺎزﻟ ﺔ ﺑ ﯿﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜ ﺔ اﺻ ﺒﺢ ﻓ ﺮق ﺟﮭ ﺪ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋ ﺔ ‪ 25V‬ﻓﻤ ﺎ ﺛﺎﺑ ﺖ ﻋ ﺰل اﻟﻤ ﺎدة‬
‫اﻟﻌﺎزﻟﺔ؟‬
‫‪1- Q1 = Q2 = Q12 = 0‬‬
‫‪Q3 =C3 × ∆V3 =4 × 100 =400µC‬‬
‫‪QT = Q3 + Q12 = 400 + 0 =400µC‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪3+1‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪= +‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪⇒ C12 =6µF‬‬
‫‪C12‬‬ ‫‪C1‬‬ ‫‪C2‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪24‬‬ ‫‪24‬‬ ‫‪24‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬
‫‪Ceq =C12 + C3 =6 + 4 =10µF‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪400‬‬
‫= ‪∆VT = T‬‬ ‫‪= 40V‬‬
‫‪C eq‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬
‫‪2-‬‬
‫‪Q Tk‬‬ ‫‪400‬‬
‫= ‪C eqk‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 16µF‬‬
‫‪∆VTk‬‬ ‫‪25‬‬
‫‪Ceqk =C3k + C12‬‬ ‫‪⇒ 16 =C3k + 6‬‬ ‫‪⇒ C3k =16 – 6 =10µF‬‬
‫‪10‬‬
‫⇒ ‪C3k =kC3 ⇒ 10 =k × 4‬‬ ‫=‪k‬‬ ‫‪= 2.5‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫‪٣٤‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /93‬ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺘﺎن )‪ (8µF,24µF‬ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﺘ ﺎن ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮاﻟﻲ وﺻ ﻠﺘﺎ ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮازي ﻣ ﻊ ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ ﻣ ﺸﺤﻮﻧﺔ ﺳ ﻌﺘﮭﺎ ‪4µF‬‬
‫وﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪھﺎ ‪ 100V‬اﺣﺴﺐ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -1‬ﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬اذا ادﺧﻠﺖ ﻣﺎدة ﻋﺎزﻟﺔ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ اﺻﺒﺤﺖ ﺷﺤﻨﺘﮭﺎ ‪ 250µC‬ﻓﻜﻢ ھﻮ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻋﺰل اﻟﻤﺎدة اﻟﻌﺎزﻟﺔ؟‬
‫‪Q3=C3 . ∆V3 =4 × 100 =400µC‬‬
‫‪Q1 = Q2 = Q12 =0‬‬
‫‪QT =Q12 + Q3 =0 + 400 =400µC‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪3+1‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪= +‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪⇒ C12 =6µF‬‬
‫‪C12‬‬ ‫‪C1‬‬ ‫‪C2‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪24‬‬ ‫‪24‬‬ ‫‪24‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬
‫‪Ceq=C12 + C3 =6 + 4 =10µF‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪400‬‬
‫= ‪∆VT = T‬‬ ‫‪= 40V‬‬
‫‪C eq‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬
‫‪QTk =Q1k + Q2 ⇒ 400 =250 + Q2‬‬ ‫‪⇒ Q2 =400 – 250 =150µC‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪150‬‬
‫= ‪∆V12 = 12‬‬ ‫‪= 25V‬‬
‫‪C12‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬
‫‪∆V12 = ∆V3k =25V‬‬
‫‪Q3k‬‬ ‫‪250‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬
‫= ‪C 3k‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫= ‪= 10µF , C3k =kC3 ⇒ 10 =k × 4 ⇒ k‬‬ ‫‪= 2.5‬‬
‫‪∆V3k‬‬ ‫‪25‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /94‬رﺑﻄﺖ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺘﺎن )‪ (2μF , 4μF‬ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮازي ﺛﻢ رﺑﻄﺖ اﻟﻤﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ )‪ (3μF‬ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮاﻟﻲ ﻣﻌﮭﻤ ﺎ وﺷ ﺤﻨﺖ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺼﺪر ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﺟﻌﻞ اﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻜﻠﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ )‪ (300μC‬اﺣﺴﺐ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -3‬ﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -2‬ﺷﺤﻨﺔ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -1‬ﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ اﻟﻤﺼﺪر اﻟﺸﺎﺣﻦ ‪.‬‬
‫‪C12 =C1 + C2 =2 + 4=6µF‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1 1+ 2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫= ‪+‬‬ ‫= =‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫‪Ceq =2µF‬‬
‫‪C eq‬‬ ‫‪C12‬‬ ‫‪C3‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬
‫= ‪∆VT = T‬‬ ‫‪= 150V‬‬
‫‪C eq‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪QT = Q3 = Q12 =300µC‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬
‫= ‪∆V12 = 12‬‬ ‫‪= 50V‬‬
‫‪C12‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬
‫= ‪) , ∆V3 = 3‬ﺗﻮازي( ‪∆V12 = ∆V1 = ∆V2 =50V‬‬ ‫‪= 100V‬‬
‫‪C3‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫‪Q1 =C1 . ∆V1 =2 × 50 =100µC ,‬‬ ‫‪Q2 =C2 . ∆V2 =4 × 50 =200µC‬‬
‫‪٣٥‬‬
‫ﻣﺜ ﺎل‪ /95‬ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺘﺎن )‪ (C1=20µF , C2=30µF‬ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﺘ ﺎن ﻣ ﻊ ﺑﻌ ﻀﮭﻤﺎ ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮاﻟﻲ وﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺘﮭﻤ ﺎ رﺑﻄ ﺖ ﻋﻠ ﻰ‬
‫اﻟﺘﻮازي ﻣﻊ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ ‪ 18µF‬ﺛﻢ رﺑﻄﺖ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻗﻄﺒﻲ ﺑﻄﺎرﯾﺔ ﻓﺮق اﻟﺠﮭﺪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻗﻄﺒﯿﮭﺎ ‪ . 12V‬اﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﻘﺪار‪:‬‬
‫‪ -2‬اﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻜﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -1‬اﻟﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﻜﺎﻓﺌﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -3‬اﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ أي ﻣﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -4‬اﻟﻤﺠﺎل اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ اذا ﻛﺎن اﻟﺒﻌﺪ ﺑﯿﻨﮭﻤﺎ ‪. 0.4cm‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪3+ 2‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪1-‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪⇒ C12=12µF‬‬
‫‪C12‬‬ ‫‪C1‬‬ ‫‪C2‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬ ‫‪60‬‬ ‫‪60 12‬‬
‫‪Ceq =C12 + C3 =12 + 18 =30µF‬‬
‫‪2- QT =Ceq . ∆VT =30 × 12 =360µC‬‬
‫‪3- ∆VT = ∆V3 = ∆V12 =12V‬‬
‫‪Q3 =C3 . ∆V3 =18 × 12 =216µC , Q12 =QT – Q3 =360 – 216 =144µC‬‬
‫‪Q12 = Q1 = Q2 =144µC‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪144‬‬ ‫‪∆V2‬‬ ‫‪4.8‬‬
‫= ‪4- ∆V2 = 2‬‬ ‫= ‪= 4.8V , E 2‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 1200V / m‬‬
‫‪C2‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬ ‫‪d‬‬ ‫‪0.4 × 10 −2‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /96‬ﺛﻼث ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺎت ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺸﺤﻮﻧﺔ ﺳﻌﺘﮭﺎ )‪ (3μF , 6μF , 18μF‬رﺑﻄﺖ اﻷوﻟﻰ واﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮاﻟﻲ ورﺑﻄﺖ‬
‫اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﻣﻌﮭﻤﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮازي ورﺑﻄﺖ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻋﺒﺮ ﻗﻄﺒﻲ ﻣﺼﺪر ﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪه ‪ 30V‬ﻣﺎ ﺷﺤﻨﺔ وﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ؟‬
‫‪C1C 2‬‬ ‫‪3× 6‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬
‫=‪C1,2‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 2µF , Ceq=C1,2 + C3= 2+18=20μF‬‬
‫‪C1 + C 2‬‬ ‫‪3+6‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬
‫‪Qtotal= Ceq ∆V=20×30=600μC‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪Q3=C3∆V=18×30=540μC ,‬‬
‫‪Q1,2=C1,2∆V=2×30=60μC‬‬
‫‪∴ Q1=Q2=60μC‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪60‬‬ ‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪60‬‬
‫= ‪∆V1= 1‬‬ ‫= ‪= 20V , ∆V2= 2‬‬ ‫‪= 10V‬‬
‫‪C1‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪C2‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /97‬ﺛﻼث ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺎت ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺸﺤﻮﻧﺔ )‪ (5μF , 7μF , 6μ‬رﺑﻄﺖ اﻷوﻟ ﻰ واﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿ ﺔ ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮازي ورﺑﻄ ﺖ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜ ﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻌﮭﻤﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮاﻟﻲ ووﺻﻠﺖ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻋﺒﺮ ﻗﻄﺒﻲ ﻣﺼﺪر ﯾﻌﻄﻲ ﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ ‪ . 60V‬ﻣﺎ ﺷﺤﻨﺔ وﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ؟‬
‫‪C1,2=C1 + C2=5+7=12μF‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1 1+ 2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫= ‪+‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪⇒ Ceq=4μF‬‬
‫‪C eq‬‬ ‫‪C1, 2‬‬ ‫‪C3‬‬ ‫‪12 6‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫‪Qtotal=Ceq∆V=4×60=240μC‬‬
‫‪∴ Q3=Qtotal=240μC , Q1,2=Qtotal=240μC‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪240‬‬
‫= ‪∆V1,2= 1, 2‬‬ ‫‪= 20V , ∆V1=∆V2=20V‬‬
‫‪C1, 2‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬
‫‪Q1=C1∆V1=5×20=100μC ,‬‬ ‫‪Q2=C2 ∆V=7×20=140V‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪240‬‬
‫= ‪∆V3= 3‬‬ ‫‪= 40V‬‬
‫‪C3‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬
‫‪٣٦‬‬
‫ﻣﺜـﺎل‪ /98‬رﺑﻄ ﺖ ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺘﺎن ﺳ ﻌﺘﺎھﻤﺎ )‪ (3μF , 6μF‬ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮاﻟﻲ ﺛ ﻢ رﺑ ﻂ ﻣ ﻊ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﮭﻤ ﺎ ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮازي اﻟﻤﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ‬
‫‪ 9μF‬ورﺑﻂ اﻟﺠﻤﯿﻊ إﻟﻰ ﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ ‪ 100V‬اﺣﺴﺐ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -1‬اﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻜﻠﯿﺔ وﺷﺤﻨﺔ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ وﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪھﺎ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬اذا ﻓ ﺼﻠﺖ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋ ﺔ ﻋ ﻦ اﻟﻤ ﺼﺪر وأﺑ ﺪل اﻟﮭ ﻮاء ﺑ ﯿﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜ ﺔ ﺑﻤ ﺎدة ﻋﺎزﻟ ﺔ ﯾ ﺼﺒﺢ ﻓ ﺮق ﺟﮭ ﺪ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ‪ 55V‬ﺟﺪ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ اﻟﻌﺰل ؟‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2 +1 3‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪1-‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪= +‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫= =‬ ‫‪⇒ C12 =2µF‬‬
‫‪C12‬‬ ‫‪C1‬‬ ‫‪C2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪Ceq =C12 + C3 =2 + 9=11µF‬‬
‫‪QT =Ceq .∆VT =11 × 100=1100µC‬‬
‫)ﺗﻮازي( ‪∆VT = ∆V12 = ∆V3 =100V‬‬
‫‪Q3 =C3 . ∆V3 =9 × 100 =900µC , Q12 =C12 . ∆V12 =2 × 100=200µC‬‬
‫‪Q12 = Q1 = Q2 =200µC‬‬ ‫)ﺗﻮاﻟﻲ(‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪200‬‬ ‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪200 100‬‬
‫= ‪∆V1 = 1‬‬ ‫= ‪V , ∆V2 = 2‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪V‬‬
‫‪C1‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪C2‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫‪2-‬‬
‫‪ Q‬اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻓﺼﻠﺖ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤﺼﺪر ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ‪QTk = QT =1100µC‬‬
‫‪Q Tk‬‬ ‫‪1100‬‬
‫= ‪C eqk‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 20µF‬‬
‫‪∆VTk‬‬ ‫‪55‬‬
‫‪Ceqk =C12 + C3k ⇒ 20 =2 + C3k ⇒ C3k =20 – 2 =18µF‬‬
‫‪C‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬
‫= ‪k = 3k‬‬ ‫‪=2‬‬
‫‪C3‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬
‫أﻣﺜﻠﺔ اﺧﺮى ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺎت‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﺜ ﺎل‪ /99‬ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ ﺳ ﻌﺘﮭﺎ ‪ 3µF‬وﻓ ﺮق ﺟﮭ ﺪھﺎ ‪ 150V‬وﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ ﺛﺎﻧﯿ ﺔ ﺷ ﺤﻨﺘﮭﺎ ‪ 900µC‬وﺻ ﻠﺘﺎ ﻣ ﻊ ﺑﻌ ﻀﮭﻤﺎ ﺑﺤﯿ ﺚ‬
‫رﺑﻄﺖ اﻟﺼﻔﺎﺋﺢ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ اﻟ ﺸﺤﻨﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺘ ﺴﻌﺘﯿﻦ ﻣ ﻊ ﺑﻌ ﻀﮭﻤﺎ ﺛ ﻢ ادﺧﻠ ﺖ ﻣ ﺎدة ﻋﺎزﻟ ﺔ ﺑ ﯿﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿ ﺔ ﺛﺎﺑ ﺖ‬
‫ﻋﺰﻟﮭﺎ ‪ 2‬ﻓﺄﺻﺒﺤﺖ ﺷﺤﻨﺘﮭﺎ ‪ 360µF‬ﻓﻤﺎ ﻣﻘﺪار ﺳﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ ﻗﺒﻞ وﺿﻊ اﻟﻌﺎزل؟‬
‫‪Q1=C1.∆V1=3×150=450µC‬‬
‫‪QT =Q2 – Q1 =900 – 450 = 450µC‬‬
‫‪QT = Q1 + Q2 ⇒ 450 = Q1 + 360 ⇒ Q1 =90µC‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪90‬‬
‫= ‪∆V1 = 1‬‬ ‫‪= 30V =∆V2‬‬
‫‪C1‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫‪Q2‬‬ ‫‪360‬‬
‫= ‪∴ C 2K‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 12µF , C2k = k C2 ⇒ 12 =2C2‬‬ ‫‪⇒ C2 =6µF‬‬
‫‪∆V2‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬
‫‪٣٧‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /100‬ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺘﺎن )‪ (6µF.12µF‬رﺑﻄﺘﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮاﻟﻲ ﺛ ﻢ رﺑﻄ ﺖ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺘﮭﻤ ﺎ ﺑ ﯿﻦ ﻗﻄﺒ ﻲ ﺑﻄﺎرﯾ ﺔ ﻓ ﺮق اﻟﺠﮭ ﺪ ﺑ ﯿﻦ‬
‫ﻗﻄﺒﯿﮭﺎ ‪ 90V‬ﻓﺎذا ﻓﺼﻠﺖ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺘﺎن ﻋ ﻦ ﺑﻌ ﻀﮭﻤﺎ وﻋ ﻦ اﻟﺒﻄﺎرﯾ ﺔ دون ﺣ ﺪوث ﺿ ﯿﺎع ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺎﻗ ﺔ ﺛ ﻢ اﻋﯿ ﺪ رﺑﻄﮭﻤ ﺎ ﻣ ﻊ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺾ ﺑﻌﺪ رﺑﻂ اﻟﺼﻔﺎﺋﺢ اﻟﻤﺘﻤﺎﺛﻠﺔ اﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺘﺴﻌﺘﯿﻦ ﻣﻊ ﺑﻌﻀﮭﻤﺎ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -1‬اﺣﺴﺐ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ واﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﺎل اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ادﺧﻞ ﻟﻮح ﻣﻦ ﻣ ﺎدة ﻋﺎزﻟ ﺔ ﻛﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﯿ ﺎ ﺛﺎﺑ ﺖ ﻋﺰﻟﮭ ﺎ )‪ (k‬ﺑ ﯿﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿ ﺔ اﺻ ﺒﺢ ﻓ ﺮق ﺟﮭ ﺪ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋ ﺔ‬
‫‪ 20V‬ﻣﺎ ﻣﻘﺪار ﺛﺎﺑﺖ اﻟﻌﺰل )‪.(k‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2 +1‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪1-‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪⇒ Ceq=4µF‬‬
‫‪C eq‬‬ ‫‪C1‬‬ ‫‪C2‬‬ ‫‪6 12‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫‪QT =Ceq × ∆VT =4 × 90 =360µC‬‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ رﺑﻄﮭﻤﺎ ﻣﻊ ﺑﻌﺾ ‪:‬‬

‫‪QT =Q1 + Q2 =360 + 360 =720µC‬‬
‫‪Ceq =C1 + C2 = 6 + 12 =18µF‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪720‬‬
‫= ‪∆VT = T‬‬ ‫‪= 40V‬‬
‫‪C eq‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬
‫‪ Q‬اﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺗﻮازي ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ‪∆VT = ∆V1 =∆V2 =40V‬‬
‫‪Q1=C1 . ∆V1 =6 × 40 =240µC ,‬‬ ‫‪Q2 =C2 . ∆V2 =12 × 40 =480µC‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪PE 1 = ∆V1 .Q1 = × 40 × 240 × 10 −6 = 48 × 10 − 4 J‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪PE 2 = ∆V2 .Q 2 = × 40 × 480 × 10 −6 = 96 × 10 − 4 J‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪2-‬‬
‫‪ Q‬اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻔﺼﻮﻟﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺒﻄﺎرﯾﺔ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ‪QTk = QT =720µC‬‬
‫‪Q Tk‬‬ ‫‪720‬‬
‫= ‪C eqk‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 36µF‬‬
‫‪∆VTk‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬
‫‪Ceqk =C1 + C2k ⇒ 36 = 6 – C2k‬‬ ‫⇒‬‫‪C2k =36 – 6 =30µC‬‬
‫‪30‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬
‫⇒ ‪C2k = k C2 ⇒ 30 =k × 12‬‬ ‫=‪k‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 2.5‬‬
‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /101‬رﺑﻄﺖ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺘﺎن )‪ (24μF , 8μF‬ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮاﻟﻲ ﺛﻢ وﺻﻠﺘﺎ إﻟﻰ ﺑﻄﺎرﯾﺔ ﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪھﺎ ‪ 40V‬اﺣﺴﺐ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -1‬ﺷﺤﻨﺔ وﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻨﮭﻤﺎ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬اذا ﻓﺼﻠﺖ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺘﺎن ﻋﻦ ﺑﻌﻀﮭﻤﺎ وﻋﻦ اﻟﺒﻄﺎرﯾﺔ ﺛﻢ أﻋﯿﺪ رﺑﻄﮭﻤﺎ ﻣﻊ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺑﺤﯿﺚ وﺻﻠﺖ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﻤﺎ اﻟﻤﻮﺟﺒﺘ ﺎن‬
‫ﻣﻌﺎ واﻟﺴﺎﻟﺒﺘﺎن ﻣﻌﺎ ﻓﺎﺣﺴﺐ اﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ وﻓﺮق اﻟﺠﮭﺪ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﻨﮭﻤﺎ ‪.‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1 1+ 3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪1-‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫= ‪+‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪⇒ Ceq =6µF‬‬
‫‪C eq‬‬ ‫‪C1‬‬ ‫‪C2‬‬ ‫‪24‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪24‬‬ ‫‪24‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬
‫‪QT =Ceq . ∆VT =6 × 40 =240µC‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪240‬‬ ‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪240‬‬
‫= ‪∆V1 = 1‬‬ ‫= ‪= 10V , ∆V2 = 2‬‬ ‫‪= 30V‬‬
‫‪C1‬‬ ‫‪24‬‬ ‫‪C2‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬
‫‪٣٨‬‬
‫‪2- QT =Q1 + Q2 =240 + 240 =480µC‬‬
‫‪Ceq =C1 + C2 =24 + 8 =32µF‬‬
‫‪480‬‬
‫= ‪∆VT‬‬ ‫‪= 15V‬‬
‫‪32‬‬
‫‪Q1 =C1 . ∆V1 =24 × 15 =360µC , Q2 =C2 . ∆V2 =120µC‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /102‬ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺘﺎن اذا رﺑﻄﺘﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮاﻟﻲ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﻜﺎﻓﺌﺔ ﺛﻠﺚ ﻗﯿﻤﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ واذا رﺑﻄﺘ ﺎ ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮازي‬
‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﻜﺎﻓﺌﺔ ‪ 3μF‬ﺟﺪ ﻣﻘﺪار اﻟﺴﻌﺔ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺘﯿﻦ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﻮاﻟﻲ‬
‫‪C1 .C 2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪C1 .C 2‬‬
‫= ‪C eq‬‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫= ‪C1‬‬ ‫‪⇒ C1 + C2=3C‬‬
‫‪C1 + C 2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪C1 + C 2‬‬
‫‪C1=2C2‬‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﻮازي‬
‫‪Ceq=C1 + C2‬‬ ‫‪⇒ 3=2C2 + C2 ⇒ 3=3C2‬‬ ‫‪⇒ C2=1μF‬‬
‫‪Q C1=2C2‬‬ ‫‪⇒ C1=2×1=2μF‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /103‬ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺎت اﻟﻤﺘﻤﺎﺛﻠﺔ رﺑﻄﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮاﻟﻲ ﺛﻢ رﺑﻄﺖ ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮازي ﻓ ﺎذا ﻛﺎﻧ ﺖ اﻟ ﺴﻌﺔ ﻟﻠﺘ ﻮازي‬
‫‪ 100‬ﺑﻘﺪر اﻟﺴﻌﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻮاﻟﻲ ﻓﻤﺎ ﻋﺪد اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺎت؟‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﻮاﻟﻲ‬
‫‪C‬‬
‫= ‪C ( eq ) series‬‬ ‫)‪--------- (1‬‬
‫‪n‬‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﻮازي‬
‫)‪C(eq)parallel=nC --------- (2‬‬
‫ﺑﻘﺴﻤﺔ )‪ (٢‬ﻋﻠﻰ )‪ (١‬ﻧﺤﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫‪C ( eq ) parallel‬‬ ‫‪nC‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪= n2‬‬
‫‪C ( eq ) series‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬
‫‪n‬‬
‫‪100C ( eq )series‬‬
‫‪= n2‬‬ ‫‪⇒ n2=100 ⇒ n=10‬‬
‫‪C ( eq )series‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /104‬اﺛﺒﺖ اﻧ ﮫ ﻋﻨ ﺪ وﺻ ﻞ ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺘﯿﻦ ﻣﺘ ﺴﺎوﯾﺘﻲ اﻟ ﺴﻌﺔ ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮاﻟﻲ ﻓ ﺎن ﺳ ﻌﺘﮭﻤﺎ اﻟﻤﻜﺎﻓﺌ ﺔ اﺻ ﻐﺮ ﻣ ﻦ ﺳ ﻌﺔ أي‬
‫واﺣﺪة ﻣﻨﮭﻤﺎ ؟‬
‫‪C‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫= ‪C eq‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪⇒ C eq = C‬‬
‫‪n‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /105‬اﺛﺒﺖ اﻧﮫ اذا وﺻﻠﺖ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺘﺎن ﻣﺘﺴﺎوﯾﺘﺎ اﻟﺴﻌﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮازي ﻓﺎن اﻟﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﻜﺎﻓﺌ ﺔ ﻟﮭﻤ ﺎ ﺗ ﺴﺎوي أرﺑﻌ ﺔ أﻣﺜ ﺎل‬
‫ﺳﻌﺘﮭﻤﺎ اﻟﻤﻜﺎﻓﺌﺔ ﻟﻮ وﺻﻠﺘﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮاﻟﻲ ‪.‬‬
‫‪Cparallel =nC‬‬ ‫)‪⇒ Cparallel = 2C …….. (1‬‬
‫‪C‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬
‫= ‪C series‬‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫= ‪C series‬‬ ‫)‪……... (2‬‬
‫‪n‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫ﺑﻘﺴﻤﺔ ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﺔ )‪ (1‬ﻋﻠﻰ )‪ (2‬ﻧﺤﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪:‬‬
‫‪٣٩‬‬
‫‪C parallel‬‬ ‫‪2C‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪=4‬‬
‫‪C series‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪∴ Cparallel = 4Cseries‬‬
‫ﻣﺜ ﺎل‪ /106‬ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺘﺎن ﻋﻨ ﺪﻣﺎ وﺻ ﻠﺘﺎ ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮازي ﻛﺎﻧ ﺖ ﺳ ﻌﺘﮭﻤﺎ اﻟﻤﻜﺎﻓﺌ ﺔ ‪ 9μF‬وﻋﻨ ﺪﻣﺎ وﺻ ﻠﺘﺎ ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮاﻟﻲ ﻛﺎﻧ ﺖ‬
‫ﺳﻌﺘﮭﻤﺎ اﻟﻤﻜﺎﻓﺌﺔ ‪ 2μF‬اﺣﺴﺐ ﺳﻌﺔ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻨﮭﻤﺎ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ رﺑﻄﮭﻤﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮازي ﻓﺎن ‪:‬‬
‫‪Ceq =C1 + C2‬‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫)‪9 =C1 + C2 …….. (1‬‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ رﺑﻄﮭﻤﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮاﻟﻲ ﻓﺎن ‪:‬‬
‫‪C1 .C 2‬‬ ‫‪C1 .C 2‬‬
‫= ‪C eq‬‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫=‪2‬‬ ‫)‪……..(2‬‬
‫‪C1 + C 2‬‬ ‫‪C1 + C 2‬‬
‫ﺑﺘﻌﻮﯾﺾ ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﺔ )‪ (١‬ﻓﻲ )‪ (2‬ﻧﺤﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪:‬‬
‫‪C .C‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬
‫‪2= 1 2‬‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫⇒ ‪C1.C2 =18‬‬ ‫= ‪C1‬‬ ‫)‪……… (3‬‬
‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪C2‬‬
‫ﺑﺘﻌﻮﯾﺾ ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﺔ )‪ (3‬ﻓﻲ ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﺔ )‪ (1‬ﻧﺤﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪:‬‬
‫‪18‬‬
‫=‪9‬‬ ‫⇒ ‪+ C2‬‬ ‫‪9C 2 = 18 + C 22‬‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫‪C 22 − 9C 2 + 18 = 0‬‬
‫‪C2‬‬
‫⇒ ‪(C2 – 6)(C2 – 3)=0‬‬ ‫‪C2 =6µF or C2=3µF‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻌﻮﯾﺾ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﺔ )‪ (1‬ﻧﺤﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪:‬‬
‫‪C1 =3µF or C=6µF‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /107‬ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺘﺎن ‪ C1 , C2‬ﻣﺘﻰ وﺻﻠﺘﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮاﻟﻲ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻗﯿﻤﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﺼﻠﺔ ‪ C1‬واذا وﺻﻠﺘﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮازي ﻛﺎﻧ ﺖ‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﺤﺼﻠﺔ ‪ 3µF‬ﻣﺎ ﻗﯿﻤﺔ ‪ C1 , C2‬؟‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﻜﻮن اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺘﺎن ﻣﺘﻮاﻟﯿﺘﺎن ﻓﺎن ‪:‬‬
‫‪C1 .C 2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪C1 .C 2‬‬
‫= ‪C eq‬‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫= ‪C1‬‬ ‫‪⇒ C1 + C2 =3C2‬‬
‫‪C1 + C 2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪C1 + C 2‬‬
‫‪∴ C1=2C2‬‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﻜﻮن اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺘﺎن ﻣﺘﻮازﯾﺘﺎن ﻓﺎن ‪:‬‬
‫‪Ceq = C1 + C2 3=2C2 + C2 ⇒ C2 =1μF‬‬
‫‪C1=2μF‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /108‬ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺘﺎن ﻣﺘﻰ وﺻ ﻠﺘﺎ ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮاﻟﻲ ﻣ ﻊ ﺑﻌ ﻀﮭﻤﺎ ووﺻ ﻠﺘﺎ اﻟ ﻰ ﻣ ﺼﺪر ﻓ ﺮق ﺟﮭ ﺪه ‪ 100V‬ﻛﺎﻧ ﺖ اﻟ ﺸﺤﻨﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻜﻠﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ‪ 300µC‬وﻣﺘﻰ وﺻﻠﺘﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮازي ﺑﻨﻔﺲ اﻟﻤ ﺼﺪر ﻛﺎﻧ ﺖ اﻟ ﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻜﻠﯿ ﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋ ﺔ ‪ 1600µC‬ﺟ ﺪ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺪار ﺳﻌﺔ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻨﮭﻤﺎ ؟‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ رﺑﻂ اﻟﺘﻮاﻟﻲ ‪:‬‬
‫‪Qt‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬
‫= ‪C eq‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 3µF‬‬
‫‪∆Vt‬‬ ‫‪100‬‬
‫‪C1 .C 2‬‬ ‫‪C1 .C 2‬‬
‫= ‪C eq‬‬ ‫=‪⇒ 3‬‬
‫‪C1 + C 2‬‬ ‫‪C1 + C 2‬‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ رﺑﻂ اﻟﺘﻮازي‬
‫‪٤٠‬‬
‫‪Qt‬‬ ‫‪1600‬‬
‫= ‪C eq‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 16µF‬‬
‫‪∆Vt‬‬ ‫‪100‬‬
‫‪Ceq=C1 + C2‬‬ ‫⇒ ‪⇒ 16 =C1 + C2‬‬ ‫‪C1 =16 – C2‬‬
‫‪(16 − C 2 )C 2‬‬
‫=‪3‬‬ ‫‪⇒ C 22 − 16C 2 + 48 = 0 ⇒ (C2 – 12)(C2 – 4)=0‬‬
‫‪16 − C 2 + C 2‬‬
‫‪C2=12μF or C2 =4μF‬‬
‫‪C1=16 – 12=4μF or C1=16 – 4=12μF‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /109‬ﻟﺪﯾﻚ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺘﺎن ﻣﺘﻤﺎﺛﻠﺘﺎن ﺳﻌﺔ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻨﮭﻤﺎ ‪ C‬رﺑﻄﺘﺎ ﻣﺮة ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮازي وأﺧﺮى ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮاﻟﻲ ﻓﻤﺎ اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺑ ﯿﻦ‬
‫اﻟﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﻜﺎﻓﺌﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺘﯿﻦ؟‬
‫‪Ceq1=C + C =2C‬‬ ‫)ﺗﻮازي(‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪C‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬
‫= ‪C eq 2‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫)ﺗﻮاﻟﻲ(‬
‫‪2C‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺴﻤﺔ ﻹﯾﺠﺎد اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ‬
‫‪C eq1‬‬ ‫‪2C‬‬ ‫‪C eq‬‬
‫=‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪=4‬‬ ‫‪⇒ Ceq1=4Ceq2‬‬
‫‪C eq 2‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬ ‫‪C eq 2‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫أي ان اﻟﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﻜﺎﻓﺌﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻮازي أرﺑﻌﺔ أﻣﺜﺎل اﻟﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﻜﺎﻓﺌﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻮاﻟﻲ‬
‫‪C ( eq ) parallel‬‬
‫‪= n 2 ⇒ C(eq)parallel =n2C(eq)sires‬‬
‫‪C ( eq ) sires‬‬
‫‪∴ Cparallel = 4Cseries‬‬

‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /110‬داﺋﺮة ﻣﺘﻮاﻟﯿﺔ اﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺗﺘﺎﻟﻒ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ ﻣﻘﺪارھﺎ )‪ (200Ω‬وﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺳ ﻌﺘﮭﺎ )‪ (50µF‬وﺑﻄﺎرﯾ ﺔ ﻓ ﺮق اﻟﺠﮭ ﺪ‬
‫ﺑﯿﻦ ﻗﻄﺒﯿﮭﺎ )‪ (20V‬وﻣﻔﺘﺎح ﻟﻔﺘﺢ وﻏﻠﻖ اﻟﺪاﺋﺮة اﺣﺴﺐ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -1‬اﻟﻤﻘﺪار اﻻﻋﻈﻢ ﻟﺘﯿﺎر اﻟﺸﺤﻦ ﻟﺤﻈﺔ ﻏﻠﻖ اﻟﻤﻔﺘﺎح‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﻓﺮق اﻟﺠﮭﺪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﺪة ﻣﻦ اﻏﻼق اﻟﻤﻔﺘﺎح )ﺑﻌﺪ اﻛﺘﻤﺎل ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﺸﺤﻦ(‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٣‬اﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ أي ﻣﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -4‬اﻟﻤﺠﺎل اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ اذا ﻋﻠﻤﺖ ان اﻟﺒﻌﺪ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﺼﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﻦ ‪. 0.2cm‬‬
‫‪ -5‬اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﺎل اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪∆Vbattery‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬
‫= ‪1- I‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 0.1A‬‬
‫‪R‬‬ ‫‪200‬‬
‫‪2- ∆Vc = ∆Vbattery =20V‬‬
‫‪3- Q = C . ∆V =50 × 20 =1000µC‬‬
‫‪∆V‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬
‫= ‪4- E‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 5000V / m‬‬
‫‪d‬‬ ‫‪0.4 × 10 − 2‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪5- PE = ∆V.Q = × 20 × 1000 × 10 − 6 = 0.01J‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪٤١‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /111‬ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت اﻟﻤﻮﺿﺤﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺪاﺋﺮة اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﯿﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
‫اﺣﺴﺐ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -1‬اﻟﻤﻘﺪار اﻻﻋﻈﻢ ﻟﺘﯿﺎر اﻟﺸﺤﻦ ﻟﺤﻈﺔ اﻏﻼق اﻟﻤﻔﺘﺎح‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ﻣﻘﺪار ﻓﺮق اﻟﺠﮭﺪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﺪة ﻣﻦ اﻏﻼق اﻟﻤﻔﺘﺎح‬
‫)ﺑﻌﺪ اﻛﺘﻤﺎل ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﺸﺤﻦ(‪.‬‬
‫‪ -3‬اﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ أي ﻣﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -4‬اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﺎل اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪∆Vbattery‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬
‫= ‪1- I‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 0.8A‬‬
‫‪R‬‬ ‫‪25‬‬
‫‪2- ∆Vc = ∆Vbattery =20V‬‬
‫‪3- Q = C . ∆V =80 × 20 =1600µC‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪4- PE = ∆V.Q = × 20 × 1600 × 10 −6 = 16 × 10 −3 J‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /112‬داﺋﺮة ﻛﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﯿﺔ ﻣﺘﻮاﻟﯿﺔ اﻟ ﺮﺑﻂ ﺗﺤﺘ ﻮي ﻋﻠ ﻰ ﻣ ﺼﺒﺎح ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺘ ﮫ )‪ (r =10Ω‬وﻣﻘﺎوﻣ ﺔ ﻣﻘ ﺪارھﺎ )‪(R=30Ω‬‬
‫وﺑﻄﺎرﯾﺔ ﻣﻘﺪار ﻓ ﺮق اﻟﺠﮭ ﺪ ﺑ ﯿﻦ ﻗﻄﺒﯿﮭ ﺎ )‪ (∆Vbattery=12V‬رﺑﻄ ﺖ ﻓ ﻲ اﻟ ﺪاﺋﺮة ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ ذات اﻟ ﺼﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﺘ ﻮازﯾﺘﯿﻦ‬
‫ﺳﻌﺘﮭﺎ )‪ . (20µF‬ﻣﺎ ﻣﻘﺪار اﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧ ﺔ ﻓ ﻲ أي ﻣ ﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ واﻟﻄﺎﻗ ﺔ اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﯿ ﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧ ﺔ ﻓ ﻲ ﻣﺠﺎﻟﮭ ﺎ‬
‫اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﻟﻮ رﺑﻂ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -1‬ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮازي ﻣﻊ اﻟﻤﺼﺒﺎح‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮاﻟﻲ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻤﺼﺒﺎح واﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺔ واﻟﺒﻄﺎرﯾﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺪاﺋﺮة ﻧﻔﺴﮭﺎ )ﺑﻌﺪ ﻓﺼﻞ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻟ ﺪاﺋﺮة اﻷوﻟ ﻰ واﻓﺮاﻏﮭ ﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺟﻤﯿﻊ ﺷﺤﻨﺘﮭﺎ(‪.‬‬
‫‪∆Vbattery‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬
‫=‪I‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 0.3A‬‬
‫‪R+r‬‬ ‫‪30 + 10‬‬ ‫‪40‬‬
‫‪∆Vr=I . r =0.3 × 10 =3V‬‬
‫‪ Q‬اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ رﺑﻄﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮازي ﻣﻊ اﻟﻤﺼﺒﺎح ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ‪∆Vc = ∆Vr = 3V‬‬
‫‪Q = C . ∆Vc =20 × 3 =60µF‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪PE = ∆Vc . Q = × 3 × 60 × 10 − 6 = 90 × 10 − 6 = 9 × 10 −5 J‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪2-‬‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ اﺗﻤﺎم ﺷﺤﻦ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﻓﺎن ‪:‬‬
‫‪∆Vc = ∆Vbattery =12V‬‬
‫‪Q = C . ∆Vc =20 × 12 =240µC‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪PE = ∆Vc . Q = × 12 × 240 × 10 −6 = 1440 × 10 − 6 = 144 × 10 −5 J‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪٤٢‬‬

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‫ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ‬

‫ﺣﻮل اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻷول‬

‫= ‪1- C = ο‬‬ ‫‪= 1.77 × 10 −9 F =1770 pF‬‬

‫‪2- Q = C ∆V = 1.77×10- 9 × 2×10 4 = 3.54×10- 5 C‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫=‪C‬‬ ‫‪= 4 × 10 −5 F = 40µF‬‬

‫= ‪Ck‬‬ ‫‪= 16 × 10 −6 F = 16µF‬‬

‫= ‪1- PE k‬‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫= ‪0.003‬‬ ‫‪⇒ 6×10-3Ck=90000×10-12‬‬

‫‪Ck =k C ⇒ 15=5C ⇒ C=3µF‬‬

‫=‪d‬‬ ‫‪= 44.25m‬‬

‫‪1- C k = kε ο‬‬ ‫× ‪= 5 × 8.85 × 10 −12‬‬ ‫‪= 221.25 × 10 −13 F‬‬

‫‪2- Qk =Ck . ∆V =221.25×10 × 100 =221.25×10-11C‬‬

‫‪ Q‬اﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺗﻮازي ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ‪∆V1=∆V2=∆VT=20V‬‬

‫= ‪(∆V3 ) 2‬‬ ‫‪= 64 ⇒ ∆V3 = 8V‬‬

‫‪Q1=C1 . ∆V1=8 × 15=120µC‬‬

‫= ‪PE 1‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 16 × 10 − 2 J‬‬

‫‪ Q‬اﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺗﻮازي ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ‪∆VTk = ∆V1 = ∆V2k =12V‬‬

‫ﺑﻌﺪ رﺑﻄﮭﻤﺎ ﻣﻊ ﺑﻌﺾ ‪:‬‬

‫‪∴ Cparallel = 4Cseries‬‬

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