Certificate

This is to certify that

Mr. jethwa kuldipsinh a.
Of class a2 (5th sem) , roll no. 052
Enrolment no. 086020311052 has satisfactorily
Completed his termwork in pcb designing tools
(dece) for the term ending in December 2010.

Date:-

Sign of teacher sign of H.o.d.

________________ ____________

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 Certificate
This is to certify that
Mr. GADHIYA SANKET H..
Of class a2 (5th sem) , roll no. 038
Enrolment no. 086020311038 has satisfactorily
Completed his termwork in pcb designing tools
(dece) for the term ending in December 2010.

Date:-

Sign of teacher sign of H.o.d.

________________ ____________

index

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  Certificate
 Preface
 Acknowledgement
 Abstract
 Introduction
 Broad description
 Block diagram and working
 Problems faced in development
 Applications
 Conclusion
 References(books)
 Bibliography(websites)

acknoledgement

The 8051 microcontrollers are emerged in early 1980s

with Harvard type of architecture. Intel, Atmel, Zilog were the main
manufacturers at that time. Intel was the first who introduced a
complete microcomputer with not only a CPU on chip, but RAM,

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ROM, timers UARTS, ports and other common peripheral I/O
functions also. The field of microcontrollers and microprocessors is
developed very fastly in past three decades since Intel introduced
4-bit 4004 in 1971.

Today, we have various families of microcontrollers

like 8051, 8048, 8096 etc which gives us very large variety of
applicable uses.

To run any application based on microcontroller first it

is needed to program the microcontroller according to predefined
structure. Microcontroller will every time handles it inputs process
it and gives output according to the program stored in its ROM. So
basically before carrying out any operations with microcontroller it
is inevitable to burn the ROM inside it with the help of a program
burner. A 8051 program burner is a important device to burn the
program as well as research purposes.

EPROM and flashROM versions of 8051 have become

more popular and widely used by the industry. Here in these project
we have made a EPROM type 8051 burner with serial interface
which uses RS-232 (DB-9) cable to communicate with a computer.

preface

The 8051 based projects needs to be burned so to

have proper operation of device. In this academic project we have
prepared a 89 series programmer for the Atmel 8051ics.

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 Many have contributed to the successful preparation
of this project. We would like to place on record our grateful thanks
to each of them. We are able to prepare this project due to
motivation and direction provided by K.V. CHANIYARA and P.N.
RAMAVAT. Both of them has provided us efficient direction and
fault findings to prepare this project. The suggestions and
assistance provide by them has became very helpful to us. We are
also indebted to our colleagues of electronics & communication
department at A.V.Parekh Technical Institute, Rajkot.

We are hearty thankful to the H.O.D. of our dept.

J.S. BAKHADA and all the faculties who have helped, inspired and
given moral support and encouragement to us.

 Kuldipsinh A. Jethwa

 Sanket H. Gadhiya

abstract

This project deals with the programming aspects of

the 8051 microcontroller ics. With the help of this program burner
we can burn any 89 series microcontroller ics provided by Atmel as
described in the subsequent portion of this report.

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 Here, if we take quick overview of the project it
employees many other electronics components in addition to the
firmware chip which is pre-burnt with the specific hex file. The
additional components used in this are capacitors, resistors, diodes
transistors, regulator 78L05, LM7805 Max-232 ,db-9 connector and
a D-type latch 74HC573 for multiplexing between 40 pin Zif socket
and 20-Zif socket.

For the transferring of hex file from a computer to

the 8051’s ROM placed in the Zif socket of the hardware, we have
used loader program PRO-LOADER which is developed and
marketed by the sunrom technologies ltd.

The hardware requires 14v to 16v DC or 12v to 14v

AC for the proper operation which should be provided by a battery
supply arrangement or by the direct conversion of AC mains to the
appropriate ac voltages using step-down transformer. The circuit
rectifies and filters it with inbuilt arrangement as briefly described
further in this report.

introduction

The project concerns with interfacing computer

with the hardware of program burner which is fulfilled by RS-232
cable and max-232 ic which converts the cmos logic of hardware to
the serial port logic. Here two main variants of 8051 one with 40
pin configuration and another with the 20 pin configuration can be
programmed.
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 As described in abstract the operational supply
voltage for the entire circuit is provided by a voltage supply circuit
which is a external part to the circuit concerned with programming.
So, we can split the entire circuit into two functional parts

(1) Power supply circuit

(2) Programming circuit

The programming circuit requires 4 different voltage

levels for the proper operation which is achieved with the help of
the power supply circuit. Thus, here the integration of both the
circuits onto a single printed circuit board is done for the sake of
simplicity.

The brief operation of both the circuits with the

block diagram and printed circuit board layout is described in the
following sections of the report.

circuit diagram
 The block diagram of the circuit of the programmer is as
follows:-
 Both of the functional parts:-
(1) Power supply circuit
(2) Programming circuit

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 Top view
 The top view for the component layout is as described below:-

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 List of components
 The list of the components for programmer is as follows:-

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 Pcb layout

 The pcb layout for the programmer is given below for

the single sided pcb.

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  For more simplicity it can be also printed on butter
paper with accurate laser printer.

 The next page contains the copy on the butter paper

for ease of understanding.

Drilling alignments

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ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION DEPARTMENT
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 Components descreption

 The main components used in this project are as

follows we will explain each of them in detail:-

(1) Rs-232 convention :- max 232 ic and DB-9 connector

(2) 74HC573:-
(3) LM 7805:-
(4) 78L05:-
(5) Firmware chip AT89c52:-
(6) Software aspects:- proloader:-
(7) Bc-547 NPN transistors:-
(8) Regulator zener diodes:-
(9) Frequency resonator crystal:-
(10) Zif sockets:-

 The construction, working and description of all the

above stated components is given in the subsequent
part of this report.

 Firstly, starting with the max 232 ic which is here

employed for interfacing between programmer and
computer.

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 Max-232 IC
 The main application of the max-232 IC in this ckt is for the
conversion of the ttl logic of the controller ckt to the RS-232
level for the serial data transmission.

 The figure shown here describes interfacing

application of the max-232.

 Normally max-232 works on the 5v supply voltages and

pin diagram with application of each pin is described
below.

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  Pin diagram:-

 Description:-

 Features:-

 Other application:-

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  Pin description:-

 Recommended operation conditions:-

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  Internal logic diagram:-

 Physical dimension:-

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  The connection with a DB-9 connector is as given
below:-

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 RS-232 specifications
 Here we used serial communication techniques
because of the following advantages:-

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  Officially, RS-232 is defined as the “interface between data
terminal equipment (DTE) and data communication equipment
(DCE) using binary data exchange”

 General description of Max-232:-

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  DB-9 and 25 connector:-

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ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION DEPARTMENT
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 74HC573
 The features and general description of the octal d-type latch
used here is as follows:-

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  Pin diagram:- Logic symbol:- descriptive symbol:-

 Functional diagram:-

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  Pin description:-

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  Recomanded operating conditition:-

 Packaging information for plastic dual inline package:-

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 Regulator LM 7805
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  The pin assignment and block diagram are as
described below:-

 Features and description is as given below:-

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ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION DEPARTMENT
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ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION DEPARTMENT
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ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION DEPARTMENT
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 78L05
 The pin diagram and the description of the positive
voltage regulator is as follows:-

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  Electrical characteristic for Vi=16v

 Electrical characteristic for Vi=14v

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  General applications:-

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ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION DEPARTMENT
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 AT89c52 
 The pin configuration and package, description and features of
firmware chip 89c52 are as follows.

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  Pin description:-

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ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION DEPARTMENT
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ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION DEPARTMENT
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ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION DEPARTMENT
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  Packaging information:-

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ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION DEPARTMENT
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 BC-547 NPN transistors 
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  Three BC-547 transistors are employed in this project in the
power supply circuit. The pin configuration and characteristic
is as shown below:-

 Package dimensions:-

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ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION DEPARTMENT
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 Frequency resonator crystal 

 The programmer requires a clock generator according to

which the internal functions are carried out. Here a 11.0592
MHz crystal is employed. Further details about the crystal is
as follows:-
 So, as described below resonators are divided into two parts:-
(1) Mechanical resonators
(2) RC phase-shift Resonators

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ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION DEPARTMENT
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 Burning operation
After dealing with all the construction details now let’s
discuss about working of the circuit. In this first of all power supply
is given with the help of the DC socket. Then the IC to be burnt is
placed in the ZIF socket & then the programmer is connected to the
computer with the help of Rs-232 cable for serial communication of
hex file.

On the computer side a specific application software

here, proloader is used. After completing the above procedures now
we have to open proloader from the computer and check whether
the device is identified by the computer or not. If it is detected then
“connected” will be displayed on the screen of proloader.

After completing the above given procedures we

should select the hex file to be burnt from the appropriate menu
provided on the screen of proloader. Then click on the tab “send”
to transfer the selected file into the microcontroller IC placed into
the ZIF socket.

When we give the above command to the software

firstly, it optimizes the given IC then erases it for the new hex file.
Then it writes the selected hex file into the ROM of the given
microcontroller IC & then it verifies the data written in the current
session.

After successful completion of the verification

process it generates “verification successful” message on the
display. This means the IC is burnt properly & can be used in its
application so it is removed from the ZIF socket.

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 Circuit working
As described in the abstract the circuit operation
can be divided into two types (1) power supply (2) programming.

Here, when 14-16v DC or 12-14v AC is provide by the

DC socket power supply generates 4 different types of the voltage
levels from it. These levels are used at different levels by the
different components. (1) VCC (2) VDD (3) VPP (4) VPC

Programming circuit consists of different

components as described in the front sections. The firmware chip
which is burnt with the specific hex file is the heart of the
programmer, it accepts the converted-received data from max-232
and then according to its own programming it sends the data to the
ZIF socket with the help of a D-type latch 74HC573 and resistor
array.

In latches when LE is low it store the data at the

input and when OE goes high it gives whatever data it has stored at
the output. It is quit suitable for the dwmultiplexing of the address-
data bus of the microcontroller which is port no.0.

So, after the data has been sent to the latch it

recoils the address specified and stats writing in the ROM locations
as guided by the firmware chip. The resistor array is put between
firmware chip and the 74HC573 to proper interfacing between both
of them.

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ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION DEPARTMENT
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 problem faced during development

We faced many problems during development, as we

were not fully familiar with the microcontroller based equipments.
There were many occasions when we required direction and
motivation, Which was kindly provided by K.V. Chaniyara and P.N.
Ramavat .

 We have faced many problems in preparing PCB layout and

convert the paper layout onto the actual copper clad PCB.

 After preparing the layout on the PCB, we also faced problems

in precise soldering and fault findings due to the dry solder

 After completing the total hardware based work of the project

we also faced problems in finding the firmware hex file for the
programmer.

 Total preparation of programmer lead us for the testing with

computer and burn a microcontroller IC with proper
interfacing. It also contributed a lot difficulty to us.

 But finally, after conquering all the difficulties and challenges

we are succeeded in our aim and prepared an 89series
programmer of Atmel ICs.

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 Applications 

 The outcome of this project has a given us a device with very

precious application that is very useful for us in enhancing our
knowledge in the field of microcontrollers due to ease of
programming the microcontrollers.

 The main application of this project is in programming a

microcontroller IC.

 This project also gives flexibility to the students in repeatedly

performing the programming about the given problem.

 In spite of, carrying out fault finding onto the simulator the
new comers can become more familiar to the microcontrollers
hardware by performing repetitive programming on the same
problem and then debug the previous one.

 This programmer can be used in programming any 89series

microcontroller IC with EPROM and 40 0r 20 pin dual in-line
package manufactured by the Atmel.

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 conclusion

The task of making this project added a lot to our

knowledge of microcontroller programming. As described in the
earlier sections we are grateful to all the persons who has given
support to us in preparing this project.

In the end we want to conclude with that this programmer

will assist us in easy programming of the microcontroller ICs. The
application of this device has very large scope in the programming
aspects.

While making this project we used many sources of

information like reference books and many websites which are
displayed in the following section. Both the following pages
contains names of the reference books with their authors and the
names of the web sites.

references
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 Following reference books contributed a lot to us
while developing this project.

 8051 by mazidi and McKinley

 8051 by Kenneth j. ayala
 8051 by myke predko
 Microcontrollers by satish shah
 8051 by mohd. Moinul haq
 Programming concepts by juan Dixon
 Programming by Thomas muller
 8051 concepts by Richard c. dorf
 Microcontrollers by j. bhattacharya
 8051 by keith brindley

Bibliography
Following links and sources have provided very
precious information to us.

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(1) www.sunrom.com
(2) www.atmel.com
(3) www.8051.com
(4) www.romtechnologies.com
(5) www.programmers.com
(6) www.brothersoft.com
(7) www.softsolution.com
(8) www.microcontroller.com
(9) www.micr-application.com
(10) www.electorindia.com
(11) www.electronicsbangalore.com
(12) www.indianelectronics.com

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