Experimental Study on Hybrid Fiber Reinforced Concrete –A Review

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON HYBRID FIBER

REINFORCED CONCRETE -A REVIEW

Abstract:
Concrete is an important construction material which has high compressive strength.
But, the main disadvantage is it is weak in tension. The inclusion of fibers in concrete which
in turn increase the tensile strength and ductility of concrete. Investigations are made to find
the mechanical properties of Hybrid Fibre Reinforced Concrete (HFRC) with steel (hooked
end) and hair fiber in various volume fractions. Review is made to study the effect of steel
fibre and hair fibre in different proportions in hardened concrete. Compressive strength test
results and Flexural strength test were observed to study the properties of HFRC
Keywords: Hybrid fiber, steel fiber, hair fiber

1. INTRODUCTION synergetic response. The mechanical

Concrete is most important properties of concrete are enhanced
construction material in the world, which appreciably using short lengthened fibers.
is used over 10 billion tons per year. This increases elastic modulus; decreases
Concrete is weak in tension hence some brittleness controls cracks initiation and its
measures must be adopted to overcome subsequent growth and propagation.
this deficiency . Fiber reinforced concrete Deboning and pull out of the fibre require
offers a practical and economical method more energy absorption, resulting in a
for overcoming micro-cracks and similar substantial increase in the toughness and
type of deficiencies. It also reduces greater fracture resistance of the materials to the
impact, abrasions and shatter resistances in cyclic and dynamic loads. The use of a
concrete. Hybrid fiber is the one can be combination of both metallic and non-
adopted. metallic type of fibers help in improving
Hybrid Fibre Reinforced Concrete concrete properties extensively.
A composite can be termed as hybrid, if Advantages of HFRC:
two or more types of fibres are rationally 1. Crack bridging at two stages is
combined in a common matrix to produce carried out: As two fibers are used,
a composite that drives benefits from each one will treat the initial
of the individual’s fibres and exhibits a microcracks. Further chances of

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 Experimental Study on Hybrid Fiber Reinforced Concrete –A Review

macro cracks are treated by next 2. LITERATURE REVIEW

type of fiber. This is not achieved Mr. Vikrant S
by single type of fiber. Control and two-fiber hybrid composites
2. Two or more types of systems: One were cast using different fiber proportions
type provides strength and of steel and polypropylene. Compressive
stiffness. The other type will gain test and split tensile strength were
flexibility and ductility. performed and results were extensively
3. It can use fiber with different analyzed to associated with fiber
durability. The strength and combinations. Based on experimental
toughness are increased by using studies, the paper identifies fiber
durable fiber. combinations that demonstrate maximum
compressive and split tensile strength of
concrete. Results are analysed for M-25
grade of concrete on cube specimen with
0%, HFRC SO.5P0.5, HFRC SO.6P0.4,
HFRC SO.7P0.3 and HFRC SO.8P0.2
fibers. The compressive strength between
S0.6P0.4 and S0.7P0.3 is increase high as
compare to other interval. S0.8P0.2 Gives
High Strength as Compare to other
Fig 1.1: Hooked end steel fiber
Combination. The Split Tensile Strength
for S0.8P0.2 gives High Strength as
Compare to other Combination. Increasing
the percentage of steel fiber in Hybrid
Combination reduces the slump value, to
maintain the constant slump we have to
increase the super plasticizers dose in
concrete.
Fig 1.2: Hair fiber
Ms. Amalu Wilson
The present investigation revealed the
effect of using silica fume and steel slag as
a partial replacement of cement and fine
aggregate along with optimum percentage

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 Experimental Study on Hybrid Fiber Reinforced Concrete –A Review
of polypropylene and steel fiber. For this
study (M30) grade concrete is designed.
Partial replacement of cement with silica
fume will be made for varying percentages
such as by weight 0%, 5 %, 10% and 15%
.Along with a fixed amount of (30%) of
steel slag as fine aggregate and with
optimum fibre percentage as
polypropylene (0.2%) and steel fiber (0.
8%) respectively. From this study the
strength properties of the concrete have
been investigated. .Due to the addition of
silica fume in concrete, compressive
strength, split tensile strength and flexural
strength of replaced concrete were higher
than the plain concrete specimens at all the
stages. The maximum compressive
strength, split tensile strength, flexural
strength value occurs at 10% replacement
ratio of silica fume and then it declines
beyond 10% replacement ratio. The results
of this research were encouraging, they
show that using of steel slag as fine
aggregate in concrete has no negative
effects on the short term properties of
hardened concrete. So, steel slag meets the
requirements to be used in concrete mixes.
The optimum percentage of hybrid fiber
addition is 1.0%. Addition of fibers up to
1.0% gives best results in all strength
parameters compare to other mix
proportion.
3
Mr. L. Vandewalle
This paper describes the mechanical
performance of hybrid fiber concrete with
a maximum fiber dosage of 0.75 Vol.%.
Two types of fibers were used: short
straight steel fibers and long hooked-end
steel fibers. The concrete compressive
strength (fc,cub150) varied between 55
and 65 MPa, dependent on the fiber
mixture. Several dosages of the two types
of fibers were examined. Three-point
bending tests1 using notched prisms were
performed. The obtained results confirm
that the flexural strength at small crack
widths and the ductility of the hybrid fiber
concrete with rather low fiber content is
remarkably improved in comparison with
plain concrete.
Moreover, the postcracking behaviour of
the hybrid fiber concrete is not only
dependent on the total fiber content but
also on the fiber mixture.
Ms. Selina Ruby
The combining of fibers, often called
hybridization, is investigated for a M40
grade concrete at a volume fraction of
0.5% in this paper. Control and three
hybrid fiber composites were cast using
different fiber proportions of steel and
polypropylene. Compressive strength, split
tensile strength and flexural strength test
were performed and results were analyzed
to associate with above fiber combinations.
Based on experimental studies, the paper
 Experimental Study on Hybrid Fiber Reinforced Concrete –A Review

identifies fiber combinations that ultimate deflection, flexural strength,

demonstrate maximum compressive, split
tensile and flexural strength of concrete.
The maximum compressive strength
reaches in the HFRC S0.75P0.25, i.e., 75%
steel fibres and 25% polypropylene fibres
because of the high elastic modulus of
steel fibre and the low elastic modulus of
polypropylene fibre work in perfect
combination. The spilt tensile strength of
fibre percentage with S0.75P0.25 shows
slight increase in strength. Improved
tensile strength can be achieved by
increasing the percentage of steel fibres.
Mr. H S Jadhav
In this paper flexural behavior of hybrid
fiber reinforced concrete beams is
investigated. Combination of steel and
polypropylene fibers was used as hybrid
fibers. In hybridization, steel fibers of
aspect ratio 30 and 50 were used and
aspect ratio of polypropylene fibers was
kept constant. The reinforced concrete
beams of M-25 grade concrete were casted
as per IS 10262:2009. The hybrid fibers of
various proportions such as 0%, 0.25%,
0.5%, 0.75%, 1% and
1.25% by volume of concrete were used.
Three specimens of 0% and six specimens
of each remaining percentage (0.25%-
1.25%) were casted. All the beams were
tested under two point loading under
UTM. The results were evaluated with
respect to first crack load, ultimate load,
ultimate moment and flexural rigidity.
From the results HY beam having same
percentage of fibers shows better results
for aspect ratio 30 than aspect ratio 50
Tension cracks were formed on both
control and hybrid fiber reinforced
concrete beams in middle span and shear
cracks are formed near support region. ·
The crack pattern showed that, there was
no propagation of cracks throughout the
depth of the beam Moment carrying
capacity of HY beams increases with
increase in fiber percentage and
Theoretical EI values of HY beams were
less as compared to control beam.
Ms. B.R. Harini
This paper presents the effect of flexural
behavior of fibre reinforced concrete with
and without elastomeric pads. A total of 6
reinforced concrete beams were cast and
tested in the present investigation.
Concrete of M20 grade was designed and
crimped steel fibres and polypropylene
fibres were used in hybrid form. The main
variables considered were the volume
fraction of (i) Crimped steel fibres viz.
0.25%, 0.5% and 0.75% (ii)Polypropylene
fibres viz. 0.75%, 0.5%, and 0.25%. The
combination of 0.75% volume fraction of
steel fibres and 0.25% volume fraction of
polypropylene fibres gave better
performance with respect to strength and

4
 Experimental Study on Hybrid Fiber Reinforced Concrete –A Review
energy dissipation capacity than the other
combinations.
The results show that the flexural
behavior of specimen with fibres and
elastomeric pads showed better
performance.
Mr. S Kumaravel
In this paper the mechanical properties of
Hybrid Fibre Reinforced Concrete with
steel (hooked end) and polypropylene fiber
in various volume fractions are analysed.
The steel fiber of various ratio (0.5 to
1.25%) and polypropylene fiber of various
ratios (0.05 to 0.125) are mixed in based
on volume of concrete. The concrete mix
design is used as per IS: 10262-2009 in M
25 grade. To determine the compressive
strength and flexural strength of control
concrete (CC) and hybrid fiber reinforced
concrete (HYFRC). The compressive
strength of the HYFRC can improve 19%
than, and the flexural strength of the
HYFRC can improve 32% than the control
mix.
Mr. R.H. Mohankar
In this paper Steel fiber and polypropylene
fiber are used as Hybrid fibers. They are
used in different proportions as 0.25%,
0.5%, 0.75%, and 1% in this study.
Experiments were conducted to study the
effect of steel fibre and polypropylene
fibre in different proportions in hardened
concrete. Compressive strength tests on
cube and Flexural strength test on beam
5
were carried out to study the properties of
hardened concrete. From this research the
conclusions made are;
1. This will result in reduction of
secondary reinforcement at some level and
make structure economical.
2. It prevents spalling of concrete which
result in better protection of reinforcement
cover.
3. HFRC can be used to resist seismic
effects in structure, the floors additionally
act as foundation slab that is bracing and
carrying the entire building load.
Mr. Kannan.S
The study was done to combine different
fibres namely crimped stainless steel fibre,
glass fibre and polypropylene fibre to
produce HFRC and thus to evaluate its
performance under compression, tension
and flexure types of loading for M40 grade
concrete. Samples were prepared by
varying the volume fraction of fibres from
0 to 1% for each fibres individually and
then the optimum percentage of fibres
were combined to obtain HFRC (Hybrid
Fibre Reinforced Concrete). The
experimental test results demonstrated
that, addition of stainless steel, glass and
polypropylene fibres at 1% ,0.75% and 1%
Vf respectively showed considerable gain
of strength of 37.45%, 39.41% and
27.62% in compression, tension and
flexure at 28 days respectively. The
 Experimental Study on Hybrid Fiber Reinforced Concrete –A Review

behaviour of concrete under loads was compressive strength and 35.29% in

found to be consistently improved flexural strength. By increasing the hair
compared with mix design. Thus, the content in the concrete the workability is
improvement in mechanical properties of a decreased.
matrix having volume fraction Mr.Yadollah Batebi
hybridization of 1% stainless steel, 0.75% Due to nano cross-section of hair and its
glass and 1% of polypropylene fibres was proper tensile strength this paper
found to be the best mix with synergetic investigates its application to reduce the
response. shrinkage of concrete mixtures. For this
Mr. Kumar Shantverayya purpose, human hair fibers were used in
The review has been undertaken to study 0.4 and 0.8 and 1.2 weight percent and the
the effect of human hair on plain cement length of the fibers in each case varied
concrete on the basis of its compressive between 15 and 60 millimeter and the
strength, flexural strength, and rheological samples were made of dimensions of
parameter. In this paper expeiments were 40×40×160 millimeters. Results are shown
conducted on concrete beams and cubes as considerable amount of hair may reduce
with various percentages of human hair in the shrinkage in the hair reinforced
fibre i.e. 0%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5% by weight of concrete.
cement. For each combination of Mr. Vijaya G. Hiwarkar
proportions of concrete one beam and Present study has been under taken to
three cubes are tested for their mechanical study the effect of human hair on plain
properties. it is observed that when cement concrete on basis of its
concrete with 0.5% hair is compared with compressive, crushing, flexure. strength
the plain cement concrete, it is found that and cracking control to economies
there is an increase of 15.98% in concrete and to reduce environmental
compressive strength and 5.88% in problems experiments were conducted on
flexural strength. When concrete with 1% concrete beam cubes with various
hair is compared with the plain cement percentage of human hair fibre i.e., 0.1%
concrete, it is found that there is an 0.2% and0.3% by weight of cubes
increase of 23.25% in compressive of each combination of proportion of
strength and 17.64% in flexural strength. concrete one beam and three cubes are
When concrete with 1.5% hair is compared tested for their mechanical properties. The
with the plain cement concrete, it is found behaviour of hair fiber reinforced concrete
that there is an increase of 36.33% in (HFC), steel fiber reinforced concrete

6
 Experimental Study on Hybrid Fiber Reinforced Concrete –A Review
(SFC) and plain cement concrete (PCC)
are given in this paper. The load carrying
capacity of steel fibre reinforcement
concrete is more than hair re cement
concrete. But, as compared to HFC and
PCC, the load carrying capacity of HFC is
more than PCC.As we used the hair in
concrete, the volume of material such as
cement, C.A, F.A., is reducing .Therefore
the HFC is useful and important than PCC.
Mr. Jain D. and Kothari A
Present studies has been undertaken to
study the effect of human hair on plain
cement concrete on the basis of its
compressive, crushing, flexural strength
and cracking control to economise
concrete and to reduce environmental
problems. Experiments were conducted on
concrete beams and cubes with various
percentages of human hair fibre i.e. 0%,
1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5% and 3% by weight of
cement. For each combination of
proportions of concrete one beam and
three cubes are tested for their mechanical
properties. it is observed that there is
remarkable increment in properties of
concrete according to the percentages of
hairs by weight of in concrete. When M-15
concrete with 1% hair is compared with
the plain cement concrete, it is found that
there is an increase of 10% in compressive
strength and 3.2% in flexural strength.
When M-15 concrete with 1.5% hair is
compared with the plain cement concrete,
7
it is found that there is an increase of 22%
in compressive strength and 8.6% in
flexural strength.
When M-20 concrete with 1% hair is
compared with the plain cement concrete,
it is found that there is no increase in
compressive strength and 2% in flexural
strength.
Ms. G.Sreevani
Experiments were conducted on concrete
cubes, cylinders and beams of standard
sizes with addition of various percentages
of human hair fiber i.e., 0%, 0.5%, 1% and
1.5% by weight of cement, fine & coarse
aggregate and results were compared with
those of plain cement concrete of M-20
grade. For each percentage of human hair
added in concrete, four cubes, three
cylinders and three beams were tested for
their respective mechanical properties at
curing periods of 3 , 7 and 28 days.
The human hair fiber concrete has the high
compressive strength compared to the
normal Concrete. The results shows that;
achieved with the addition of the human
hair in concrete. The strength has
increased. When compared to that of the
conventional concrete specimen.
increase is noticed in the addition of 1.5 %
hair fiber, by weight of concrete, in all the
mixes.
 Experimental Study on Hybrid Fiber Reinforced Concrete –A Review

strength 5.36 N/mm2 at 0% hence increase

very much reduced showing that FRC can
have its applications in seismic resistant
constructions.
Ms. Nila
Present studies have been undertaken to
analyse the effect of human hair on plain
cement concrete on the basis
compressive, crushing and flexural
strengths and cracking control
economize concrete and to reduce
environmental problems. Experiments
wereconducted on concrete cubes with
various percentages of human hair fibre
i.e. 0%, 1.5% and 2% by weight of
cement. By testing we found that there is
an increment in the various properties and
strength of concrete by the addition of
human hair as fibre reinforcement which
makes it suitable for an alternative additive
for concrete to enhance its mechanical
properties.
Mr. Amit Rana
In this study the optimum quantity of steel
fibres required to achieve the maximum
flexural strength for M25 grade concrete is
found out. From the exhaustive and
extensive experimental work it was found
that with increase in steel fibre content in
concrete there was a tremendous increase
in Flexural strength. Even at 1 % steel
fibre content flexural strength of 6.46
N/mm2 was observed against flexural
of 1.1% flexural strength was obtained.
Mr. Hamid Pesaran Behbahani
Steel fiber (SF) is the most popular type of
fiber used as concrete reinforcement.
Initially, SFs are used to prevent/control
plastic and drying shrinkage in concrete.
of Further research and development revealed
that addition of SFs in concrete
to significantly increases its flexural
toughness, the energy absorption capacity,
ductile behaviour prior to the ultimate
failure, reduced cracking, and improved
durability. This paper reviews the effects
of addition of SFs in concrete, and
investigates the mechanical properties, and
applications of SF reinforced concrete
(SFRC). Among all kinds of fibers which
can be used as concrete reinforcement,
Steel Fibers are the most popular one. The
performance of the Steel Fiber Reinforced
Concrete (SFRC) has shown a significant
improvement in flexural strength and
overall toughness compared against
Conventional Reinforced Concrete.
Mr. R. D. Neves
An experimental study to investigate the
influence of matrix strength, fibre content
and diameter on the compressive
behaviour of steel fibre reinforced concrete
is presented. Two types of matrix and
fibres were tested. Concrete compressive
strengths of 35 and 60 MPa, 0,38 and 0,55
mm fibre diameter, and 30 mm fibre

8
 Experimental Study on Hybrid Fiber Reinforced Concrete –A Review
length, were considered. The volume of
fibre in the concrete was varied up to
1.5%. Test results indicated that the
addition of fibres to concrete enhances
itstoughness and strain at peak stress, but
can slightlyreduce the Young's modulus.
Mr. Yogesh Ulape
The experimental work which is been
carried out to evaluate mechanical
properties of steel fiber reinforced concrete
using metakaolin. Effect of steel fibers and
metakaolin on mechanical properties of
concrete is also studied. Fiber content is
varied from 0.25 to 1% at an interval of
0.25% by volume of concrete. The
metakaolin is used at 15% by weight of
cement. Various mechanical properties
considered for investigation are
compressive, split tensile and flexural
strength. For these total 15 cubes, 15
cylinders and 15 beams are casted. All the
specimens are cured for the period of 28
days. The workability is measured using
slump cone test. The test results of steel
fiber reinforced concrete using metakaolin
are compared with control concrete.
Results shows that the compressive
strength, split tensile strength and flexural
strength of concrete increases with
increase in percentage of fiber content and
plain concrete is a brittle material and fails
suddenly. Addition of steel fibers to
concrete changes its brittle mode of failure
9
into a more ductile one and improves the
concrete ductility.
Abdul Ghaffar
The purpose of this research is based on
the investigation of the use of steel fibres
in structural concrete to enhance the
mechanical properties of concrete. The
objective of the study was to determine
and compare the differences in properties
of concrete containing without fibres and
concrete with fibres. This investigation
was carried out using several tests,
compressive test and flexural test. A total
of eleven mix batches of concrete
containing 0% to 5% with an interval of
0.5% by wt. of cement. ‘Hooked’ steel
fibres were tested to determine the
enhancement of mechanical properties of
concrete. The main observations made
from the study are;
1. Workability decreases with increase in
fibre content.
2. The wet and dry density (7 and 28 Days)
goes on decreasing as the percentage fibre
volume fraction increases.
3. The maximum percentage increase in
compressive strength, flexural strength,
achieved are 6.15, and 7.94, respectively at
3.0%, 4.0%, of fibre volume fractions.
4. In general, the satisfactory improvement
in various strengths is observed with the
inclusion of Steel fibres in the plain
concrete. However, maximum gain in
strength of concrete is found to depend
 Experimental Study on Hybrid Fiber Reinforced Concrete –A Review

upon the amount of fibre content. The International Journal of Applied

optimum fibre content to impart maximum Research 2017
gain in various strengths varies with type 3. Yadollah Batebi, Alireza
of the strengths. Mirzagoltabar, Seyed Mostafa
5. Ductility of concrete is found to increase Shabanian and Sara Fateri,
with inclusion of fibres at higher fibre “Experimental Investigation of
content. The width of cracks is found to be Shrinkage of Nano Hair Reinforced
less in SFRC than that in plain cement Concrete” Special Issue on
concrete beam. Nanotechnology: 2013
3. CONCLUSION 4. R.H. Mohankar, M.D. Pidurkar, P.V
 The use of hybrid fibers in thakre, S.S. Pakhare, assistant
concrete will potentially improve professor, priyadarshini J.L.
the overall strength properties of “Hybrid fibre reinforced concrete”
concrete and also result in College of engineering, nagpur,
performance of concrete. International Journal of Science,
 Steel fiber and hair fibers as Engineering and Technology Research
hybrid fiber will provide improved (IJSETR), Volume 5, January 2016
performances on concrete in 5. Abdul Ghaffar, Assistant Professor,
strength and also it bridge Jawaharlal Darda institute of
microcracks Engineering and Technology,
 The more the dosage of steel fiber Yavatmal, Amit S. Chavhan
than hair fiber, the compressive “Steel Fibre Reinforced Concrete”
and flexural strength will increase. International Journal of Engineering

 The workability may decrease as Trends and Technology (IJETT) –

the fiber content increases. Volume 9 Number 15 - Mar 2014

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 Experimental Study on Hybrid Fiber Reinforced Concrete –A Review

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 Experimental Study on Hybrid Fiber Reinforced Concrete –A Review

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