DNA contains four nitrogenous bases.

Base composition of DNA from different sources and

ratios of bases
Nitrogenous bases are components of nucleotides.
The nucleotides are arranged into a double
helix through a sugar-phospate backbone.
sugar-phosphate
backbone

H-bonds between
bases

antiparallel,
complementary
strands

5' –> 3'

3' –> 5'
DNA replication

Synthesis of DNA helix is semi conservative

DNA is synthesized in a 5'–>3' direction
At the replication fork, bidirectional replication occurs.
Initiator proteins unwind the DNA at the origin.
Gyrase, helicase, single-stranded DNA binding protein