Cambridge International A Level Physics Answers to end-of-chapter questions

Answers to EOC questions

Chapter P2 g Use lead absorbers / stand far away / stay
close for a short time [1]
1 a Dependent variable is frequency;
independent variable is volume [1] 4 a Dependent variable is volume / radius /
diameter; independent variable is
b Temperature (or air pressure) [1] atmospheric pressure [1]
c Loudspeaker connected to signal generator b Temperature / type of balloon [1]
or tuning forks of different frequencies [1]
c Bell jar or container to hold balloon [1]
d Connect to a microphone and oscilloscope. Means to change pressure – e.g. vacuum
Measure T, the time for one wave on x-axis pump[1]
and f = T1   [1]
d Turn on vacuum pump [1]
e Fill with water and tip water into measuring Pressure gauge shown or manometer
cylinder[1] (pressure may be measured in cm of liquid)
f Add water [1] [1]
g Not too loud or use ear plugs [1] e Wear goggles / stand behind safety screen (as
bell jar may implode) [1]
2 a Dependent variable is terminal velocity;
independent variable is bubble volume or 5 a 6.0 ± 0.7 [1]
radius[1] b 1.5 ± 0.2 [1]
b Temperature / mass of air in bubble / c 9.0 ± 1.2 or 9 ± 1 [1]
atmospheric pressure [1]
d 1.0 ± 0.3 [1]
c Place marks on side of glass tube in which
bubble rises and time bubble between the e 5.0 ± 1.6 or 5 ± 2 [1]
marks[1] f 1.73 ± 0.06 [1]
d Squirt air from a small glass tube under water 6 Best-fit line – an even balance of points about
and change the radius of the tube [1] the line along its whole length [1]
3 a Dependent variable is count rate; Worst-fit line – line with most different
independent variable is distance [1] gradient to best-fit line but that still passes
through as many error bars as possible [1]
b Amount of radioactive material /
atmospheric pressure / long half-life [1] In questions 7–11 only brief descriptions are given.
c Wrap source in a few millimetres of 7 a dependent variable R[1]
aluminium and subtract background count independent variable d[1]
[2] constant – intensity of bulb [1]
d Diagram of source and GM tube, with GM b circuit diagram [1]
tube connected to counter [1] current and voltage measured [1]
Record change in reading on counter and distance d between source and LDR changed
divide count by time [1] [1]
e Record for as long as possible (but much less d measured and shown [1]
than half-life) [1] method of measuring d[1]
f The source is quite large and it is difficult to c R = VI [1]
know which part to measure to / difficult to
put a ruler over the distance [1] graph of ln R against ln d should be a straight
Put a fiducial mark on the bench on the line (not through origin) [1]
outside of the source to mark its middle [1]

Cambridge International AS and A Level Physics © Cambridge University Press 2014

 Cambridge International A Level Physics Answers to end-of-chapter questions

d avoid touching hot lamp / do not stare at e any [4] points from:
bright light [1] method to create a large magnetic field [1]
e any [4] points from reasoned method to keep probe in same
calculation of currents and choice of sensible orientation (e.g. set square, fix to rule) [1]
meter ranges [1] calibrate Hall probe [1]
lamp is a line filament [1] repeat experiment with probe reversed [1]
detail of how to measure distance to filament avoid external magnetic fields [1]
inside bulb [1]
repeat measurement and average [1] 10

a dependent variable E[1]
trial experiment to find sensible distances [1] independent variable v[1]
avoidance of outside light / reflections [1] constant – current in coil [1]
b labelled diagram with magnet falling
8 a dependent variable T[1] vertically through coil [1]
independent variable l[1] voltmeter or c.r.o. connected to coil [1]
constant – mass [1] method to change speed of magnet [1]
b displace mass downwards and release [1] measurements to find v, distance or time
method of measuring l using rule [1] measurements[1]
method to measure to centre of mass [1] determining v, e.g. v =  2gh or v =  2h
t [1]
time 10 oscillations and divide by 10 [1] c plot graph of E against v or graph of ln E
use stopwatch [1] against ln v[1]
c graph of ln T against ln l[1] valid if straight line through origin or gradient
gradient of graph n[1] of log graph = +1 [1]
d avoid masses falling on foot / mass flying off / d keep away from falling magnet / use sand
avoid breaking ruler with large amplitudes[1] tray to catch magnet [1]
e any [4] points from e any [4] points from:
use small amplitudes [1] detailed measurement of maximum E, use of
trial experiment to find sensible value of mass datalogger / storage oscilloscope [1]
[1] use video including playback frame by frame
use of electronic timer [1] [1]
fiducial aid [1] use short magnet or thin coil so v is constant
measure time from centre of oscillation [1] [1]
cardboard tube for magnet to fall down [1]
9 a dependent variable B[1] how to support coil or tube vertically [1]
independent variable I[1] repeat for each v and average [1]
constant – coil turns and area [1]
b diagram showing coil and Hall probe with 11

a dependent variable VS[1]
voltmeter[1] independent variable f[1]
coil connected to d.c. power supply [1] constant – number of turns / input current /
ammeter to measure I[1] voltage to coil [1]
probe at right angles to direction of magnetic b labelled diagram with a.c. generator [1]
field[1] voltmeter connected to output [1]
method to locate centre of coil [1] c.r.o. or frequency meter connected [1]
c graph of B against I or graph of ln B against measurement of time for one or more wave
ln I[1] on c.r.o. screen used to find f[1]
straight line through origin or graph of ln B method of measuring VS; method of changing
against ln I has slope 1 [1] frequency[1]
d large current causes heating, so switch off c plot graph of VS against f or graph of ln VS
when not in use [1] against ln f[1]

Cambridge International AS and A Level Physics © Cambridge University Press 2014

 Cambridge International A Level Physics Answers to end-of-chapter questions

valid if straight line through origin or gradient c i all points plotted correctly  [1]
of log graph = +1 [1] all error bars correct [1]
d heating of coil, e.g. switch off when not in use ii line of best fit [1]
to avoid overheating coil / do not touch [1] worst acceptable straight line [1]
e any [4] points from: iii –3.7 ± 0.2 [2]
choice of number of turns to give reasonable iv Use of a point on the graph and y = mx + c
output[1] to find c about 12  [1]
1 [1]
f = period Use of point on worst line graph to find
VS found using y-gain[1] value of c about 12 ± 1  [1]
changing r.m.s. to peak from voltmeter [1] v n = –3.7 ± 0.2 [1]
check that input voltage or current is k = 10intercept[1]
constant[1] Use of worst value of intercept to give
repeat and average [1] worst value of k[1]
2
12
a gradient = 4π
g [1]
b i T/s
2
T /s
2

1.11 1.23 ± 0.02

1.28 1.64 ± 0.03

1.42 2.02 ± 0.03

1.59 2.53 ± 0.03

1.69 2.86 ± 0.04

1.81 3.28 ± 0.04
[2]
ii all points plotted correctly  [1]
all error bars correct [1]
iii line of best fit [1]
worst acceptable straight line [1]
2 –1
iv 4.1 s  m uncertainty between
±0.1 and ±0.3 [2]
–2
v 9.6 m s uncertainty between ±0.2 and ±0.6
[2]
vi using g = 9.6 ± 0.2 m s–2 gives t = 19.2 ± 0.2 s
[2]

13

a gradient n; y-intercept lg k  [2]
b lg(T / K) lg(R / W)

2.436 2.740 ± 0.008

2.452 2.681 ± 0.009

2.467 2.625 ± 0.010

2.481 2.568 ± 0.012

2.496 2.519 ± 0.014 [2]

Cambridge International AS and A Level Physics © Cambridge University Press 2014