Content:

1. Fundamental of thermodynamics
i). Branches of thermodynamics
ii). Thermodynamic systems
iii). Thermodynamic properties of systems
iv). Thermodynamic processes
v). Thermodynamics terminology
vi). Energy and temperature
vii). Laws of Thermodynamics
2. Ideal and nonideal solutions: Properties and applications
i). Solutions
ii). Ideal and non-ideal solutions
iii). Raoult’s Law
iv). Deviation from Raoult’s law
v). The Duhem – Margules equation
vi). Application of Raoult’s law to both constituents pf solution
vii). Composition of liquids and vapour in equilibrium
viii). Influence of temperature
ix). Henry’s law
x). Azeotropic mixtures
xi). Colligative properties
xii). The freezing points of dilute solutions
xiii). Determination of molecular weight
xiv). The boiling points of solutions
3. Exercise

References:

 Thermodynamics for Chemists by Samuel Glasstone, East-west Press PVT. Ltd.

 Elementary Thermodynamics by Virgil Moring Faires, The Macmillan Company.
 General Thermodynamics by Donald Olander, CRC Press.