66.

Theories proposed to explain aging are organized

as: a. Fully explanatory and partially explanatory c. Genetic, biochemical and
b. Complete and incomplete sociopsychological d. Known and unknown

Ans. & rationale: c. Genetic, biochemical and sociopsychological. The genetic theory of aging centres on telomeres,
which are repeated segments of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) occurring at the ends of chromosomes. The number of
repeats in a telomere determines the maximum life span of a cell, since each time a cell divides, multiple repeats are
lost. Biochemical theory of aging Important concepts in the biochemistry of aging include: Free radicals are unstable
oxygen molecules that can damage cells. Two major theories explain the psychosocial aspects of aging in older
adults. Disengagement theory views aging as a process of mutual withdrawal in which older adults voluntarily slow
down by retiring, as expected by society. Proponents of disengagement theory hold that mutual social withdrawal
benefits both individuals and society. Activity theory, on the other hand, sees a positive correlation between keeping
active and aging well.

https://www.cliffsnotes.com/study-guides/psychology/development-psychology/psychosocial-development-age-
65/theories-of-aging. https://www.verywellhealth.com/why-we-age-theories-and-effects-of-aging-2223922.
https://www.britannica.com/science/aging-life-process

67. In the "Wear and Tear" theory of aging continued use of the body is supposed to lead to worn out parts, similar to
the breakdown and wearing out ®f old machinery. This could not explain aging because:
a. Continued use has little effect
b. Nothing over wears out completely
c. The human body can’t be compared to machinery
d. Greater use leads to improvement in some systems such as muscles

Ans. & rationale: d. Greater use leads to improvement in some systems such as muscles. Organisms in their growth
phase become stronger and stronger. Rather than starting out at the peak of performance, living organisms often
start life fragile. They build strength and resilience with age. They are able to repair and replace most broken
parts themselves.

https://www.verywellhealth.com/wear-and-tear-theory-of-aging-2224235

68. The "Somatic Mutation Theory" states that low doses of radiation accelerate aging. The theory has been criticized for
three reasons. Which of the following is not of the reasons why this theory explains little about the aging process.
a. Sunscreens are now available to block out fee harmful ultraviolet rays
b. The effect of the sun occurs mainly in dividing cells while the effects of aging are seen mainly in calls that no longer
divide
c. The number of cells that undergo mutation is too small to account for overall
aging. d. Most cells contain mechanisms for the repair of DNA

Ans. & rationale: a. Sunscreens are now available to block out fee harmful ultraviolet rays. A substance that helps
protect the skin from the sun’s harmful rays. Sunscreens reflect, absorb, and scatter both ultraviolet A and B
radiation to provide protection against both types of radiation. Using lotions, creams, or gels that contain sunscreens
can help protect the skin from premature aging and damage that may lead to skin cancer.

https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/sunscreen

69. Which of the following explains that the critical factor in framing old age concerns is how well persons function
in regards to activities of daily living?
a. The functional capacity theory c. the disengagement theory
b. The activity theory d. the personal meaning theory

Ans. & rationale: a. The functional capacity theory. Functional capacity refers to the capability of performing tasks and
activities that people find necessary or desirable in their lives. With reference to older people and others needing
long-term care, two common terms have emerged to characterize functional capacity: ability to perform “activities of
daily living” (ADLs) and ability to perform “instrumental activities of daily living” (IADLs).

https://www.encyclopedia.com/education/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/functional-capacity

70. The view of the older people "Withdraw" from the soclety is:
a. The adics theory b. The disengagement theory c. The parling theory d. The absence theory

Ans. & rationale: b. The disengagement theory. Disengagement theory maintains that older adults may withdraw
from social contact in “symbolic” preparation for their deaths and that social relationships are more impaired as
people age.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/psychology/disengagement-theory
Situation 13. Mrs. Castro is one-week post partum. She visits health center because of fever and intense pain over
the episiotomy site.

71. What will be first action of the nurse?

a. Assess for signs of anemia c. Ask for the possibility of sexual
b. Determine nutritional status intercourse d. Elici: history of delivery

Ans. & rationale: d. Elici: history of delivery. The purpose of obtaining a health history is to gather subjective data from
the patient and/or the patient’s family so that the health care team and the patient can collaboratively create a plan
that will promote health, address acute health problems, and minimize chronic health conditions. The health history
is typically done on admission to hospital, but a health history may be taken whenever additional subjective
information from the patient may be helpful to inform care.

https://opentextbc.ca/clinicalskills/chapter/2-4-health-history-subjective-assessment/

72. Upon inspection the nurse observes an edematous episiotomy site. Which of the following intervention will you
first apply?
a. Administer antimicrobials as ordered c. Cleanse the episiotomy with iodine
b. Expose the wound to perilight solution d. Give oral analgesic

Ans. & rationale: b. Expose the wound to perilight. Perilite Exposure is the application of dry heat to the perineal
area to provide comfort. It increases blood circulation and hasten wound healing.

http://nursing888.blogspot.com/2011/02/perilite-exposure.html?m=1