NAME : MUHAMMAD IQBAL MALIANG

NIM : 4518101021

“REVIEW TASK”

“Article Of Intercultural Communication” (Task 1) Via e-mail

       According to Turistiati (2016), Intercultural communication is communication

that occurs when members of a particular culture give a message to members of other

culture. A key aspect of intercultural communication is interpersonal communication

between communicators and a key of an effective intercultural communication is

knowledge

       Intercultural communication competence is considered very broadly as an

impression that behavior is appropriate and effective in a given context. Normally,

competence is considered an ability or a set of skilled behaviors. Consecuently,

competence can not inhere in the behavior or ability itself. It must instead be viewed

as a social evaluation of behavior.

       The barriers of intercultural communication distinguished between low-context

and high context of cultures in terms of communication patterns. In high-context

cultures such as Japanese and Korean cultures, most of the information or message is

conveyed through the physical context or implicit based on the rules, roles, and

values. In low-context cultures like American cultures, most of the information

contain in verbal and explicit message

After reading the definition of culture. I would like to hear your point of you

about it. I am waiting your response now (Task 2) Via Googleclassroom

Answer:

Culture is relating to the habits, tradition, and beliefs of a society so, culture is

going to change in our daily life. This variation can be delivered about, including

growth, progress, evolution, reform, innovation, revivalism, revolution, diffusion,

modernization and transformation.

Why Culture differ?

We have selected six forces that help to generate cultural differences, including a

culture's history, ecology, technology, biology, institutional networks, and

interpersonal communication patterns. (Task 3) Via Googleclassroom

Answer:

Culture look, think, and communicate as they do for very practical reasons: to

have a common frame of reference that provides a widely shared understanding of the

world and of their identities within it; to organize and coordinate their actions,

activities, and social relationships; and to accommodate and adapt to the pressures

and forces that influence the culture as a whole. The main forces that maintain

cultural differences are as follows:

1) History: the unique experiences that have become part of a culture’s collective

wisdom constitute its history. Wars, inheritance rules, religious practices,

economic consequences, prior events, legislative acts, and the allocation of power
 to specific individuals are all historical developments that contribute to cultural

differences. “You have to know what people have been through to understand

what people want and what they don’t want. That is the nub of it. And what

people have been through is what we call history.”

2) Ecology: the external environment in which the culture lives is the culture’s

ecology. It includes such physical forces as the overall climate, the changing

weather patterns, the prevailing land and water formations, and the availability or

unavailability of certain foods and other raw materials.

3) Technology: The inventions that a culture has created or borrowed are the

culture’s technology, which includes such items as tools, microchips, hydraulic

techniques, navigational aids, paper clips, barbed wire, stirrups, and weapons.

4) Biology: The inherited characteristics that cultural members share are the result of

biology, as people with a common ancestry have similar genetic compositions.

These hereditary differences often arise as an adaption to environmental forces,

and they are evident in the biological attributes often referred to as races.

5) Institutional networks: the formal organizations in societies that structure

activities for large numbers of people.

6) Interpersonal communication patterns: the face-to-face verbal and nonverbal

coding system that cultures develop to convey meanings and intentions. These

patterns include links among parents, siblings, peers, teachers, relatives,

neighbors, employers, authority figures, and other social contacts.

What do you think our culture toward this situation (covid-19). I would like to

hear your point of view (Task 4) Via Googleclassroom

Answer:

In my opinion, At present the number of patients affected by the corona virus in

Makassar tends to increase, because there is no openness that can overcome people's

curiosity. The government needs to collaborate with private institutions and the

general public, so the key is in the process of communication and trust. Indeed, in

general the problem of the corona virus is in the realm of health, so that people who

are not experts do not have the opportunity to play an active role in overcoming the

case. but the public should comply with the government's invitation and advice, while

there is still no openness about information that is still worth knowing by the general

public. so, it is best for the government to collaborate with various institutions and

institutions, both state and private. Especially with the media as a partner in providing

valid and comprehensive information about the virus because the more the public

knows the characteristics and patterns of the spread of the corona virus, the greater

the chance that the community will be free from the virus. Moreover, the virus has

been designated by WHO as a pandemic

Quiz : the way to communicate (Task 5) Via Googleclassroom

1. Mention a good way to communicate for socialize social distancing?

2. List your culture since you stay at home?

3. What you have done?

4. Any change in your life and affect your culture itself?

Answer:

1. Mention a good way to communicate for socialize social distancing?

a. Google classroom

b. Zoom’s meeting

c. Whatsapp Group

2. List your culture since you stay at home?

Sometimes I cannot always stay at home because I have my other routine that is a

prospective professional nurse at the hospital to always treat patients for 9 hours

every day, but agreed I was at home the thing I did was get enough sleep

according to my slowed down and really needed recovery at home that I did not

get at the hospital, do healthy lifestyle such as eating healthy food and fruits of

one of its avocados. Walking at home is like running around in a house,

worshiping at any time when the time comes

3. What you have done?

Do healthy lifestyle such as always washing my hands before doing activities,

using personal protective equipment such as masks and gloves, eating healthy
 food and fruits of one of its avocados. Walking at home is like running around in

a house, worshiping at any time when the time comes

4. Any change in your life and affect your culture itself?

yes there is a change in my life while undergoing social distancing one of the

ways of thinking I have started to open to applying a healthy lifestyle such as

always washing my hands before doing activities, using personal protective

equipment such as masks and gloves and always consuming healthy foods and

fruits such as avocado and turmeric stew to increase my immune system

Read: language and woman's place (Task 6) Via Googleclassroom

1. Do you think any different of way man's language and woman's language?

2. What are the features of language woman?

3. Give examples and kinds of situation.

Answer:

1. Do you think any different of way man's language and woman's language?

Yes, I do

2. What are the features of language woman?

Lakoss provides a list of ten women’s language features. These ten types of

women’s language features are Lexical hedges or fillers, Tag questions, Rising

intonations on declarative, Empty adjectives, Precise color terms, Intensifiers,

Hypercorrect grammar, Superpolite forms, Avoidance of strong swear words,

And emphaticstress.
3. Give examples and kinds of situation.

Example and kinds of this situations

a. Lexical hedges or fillers

Hedges are linguistic forms such as I think, I’m sure, you know, sort of and

perhaps. In addition, there are many different ways of reducing the pressure

illocutionary speech, and hedges done using a number of linguistic features.

Hedges as one example of the characteristics of women's language including

could, might, may, would, should. Fillers refer to some meaningless words

that women always use, such as “umm”, “uh”, “ah.”

b. Tag questions

Lakoff argues that asking a question is the best example of insecurity and

doubt women. Women use questions to one another when they are talking.

Women make a statement when she believes with her knowledge and

believes that her statement would be trusted.

c. Rising intonations on declarative

Lakoff (1975) states that Related to the use of syntactic rule, she found a

widespread difference perceptible in women’s intonation patterns.There is a

peculiar sentence intonation pattern found in English only among women

which has the form of declarative answer to a question,but has the rising

inflection typical of yes no question, as well as being especially hesitant.

d. Empty adjectives

There are group of adjectives, in terms of vocabulary, which has a specific

meaning and literal and also indicate approval or admiration speakers to

something. Adjectives such as these are called empty adjectives which mean

that it only concerns the word emotional reactions of the specific information.

Some of these adjectives were neutral, native speakers of any gender, men

and women may use it. But there are adjectives that seem to give the

impression restricted for use by women. Some adjectives that neutral are

great, neat and just for women only (adorable, charming, sweet, lovely,

divine, gorgeous, and cute).

e. Precise color terms

Women give color details that are far more appropriate in naming colors than

men. Men tend to think talking about the right color terms is ridiculous

because they think such questions are trivial and irrelevant to the real world.

For example words like beige, lavender, and maroon, these are normal words

in the active vocabulary of women, but the term does not exist for men.

f. Intensifiers

The kinds of intensifiers that indicate more characteristic of women’s

language are so, just, very, and quite. Lakoff (1975) argues that intensive

“so” is more frequent in women’s than men’s language, although men can

also use it.We have an attempt to hedge on one’s strong feelings, as though to

say: I feel strongly about this but I dare not make it clear how strong.
 Substituting an intensifier like so for absolute superlative (like, very, really,

utterly) seems to be way of backing out of committing oneself strongly to an

opinion.

g. Hypercorrect grammar

Lakoff states that hypercorrect grammar is the consistent use of standard verb

forms. Lakoff said that hypercorrect grammar involves an avoidance of terms

is considered vulgar or coarse, such as 'not,' and the use of precise

pronunciation, such as sounding the final 'g' in words such as 'going' instead

of the more casual ‘goin’.

h. Superpolite forms

Lakoff (1975) states that a request may be in the same sense a polite

command, in that it does not overtly require obedience, but rather suggests

something be done as a favor to the speaker. Women prefer to use polite

language than men. One aspect of politeness is such as: leaving a decision

open, not imposing your mind, or views, or claims, on anyone else.

i. Avoidance of strong swear word

Swearword is a kind of interjection or exclamation to express anger with

extreme and has been considered a powerful expression. This is seen as a

powerful language and sometimes really can achieve impressive effects. It is

also considered not suitable for use by women and children. The use of a

swear word often associated with men than women because men are more

often used in his speech. In other words, swearing or cursing is a pure male
 habit so that the use of a swear word synonymous with the typical male

language.

j. Emphatic stress

Emphatic Stress is a typical of special stress that is given by the speaker to

some word in a sentence, usually to single out, compare, correct or clarify

things. Women like to use words which are used to emphasize the utterance

or strengthen the meaning of an utterance. Women like to use emphatic stress

to strengthen the strength of an assertion, for example “He is really

handsome!” and “It was a brilliant performance.”The word brilliant is one of

the examples of an emphatic stress. This word can be used to strengthen the

meaning of the utterance.