RECURRENT TRAINING

Boeing -767 Systems Review

Autoland Status Annunciators (ASA)
The following AFDS status annunciations can be displayed:
• LAND 3 – three autopilots engaged and operating
normally for an automatic landing
• LAND 2 – AFDS redundancy reduced, in some cases only
two autopilots available
• NO LAND 3 – indicates a fault condition exists which
results in a LAND 2 condition
• NO AUTOLND – AFDS unable to make an automatic
landing.
With a LAND 3 indication, the autopilot system level of
redundancy is such that a single fault cannot prevent the
autopilot system from making an automatic landing (fail
operational).
With a LAND 2 indication, the level of redundancy is such
that a single fault cannot cause a significant deviation from
the flight path (fail passive).
Below 200 feet radio altitude the ASA display cannot change
except to indicate a NO AUTOLND condition. Faults not
requiring immediate crew action or awareness are
annunciated after touchdown.
AUTOLAND STATUS

1 Push/Reset (P/RST) Switch

Push – resets both pilots annunciators as follows:
Before APP mode selected:
• changes NO AUTOLND or NO LAND 3 to blank,
• if condition is still present when switch release,
annunciation returns.
After APP mode selected:
• if NO LAND 3 displayed, becomes blank and remains
blank until after landing and autopilots disengaged
• if NO AUTOLND displayed, remains displayed until
autopilots are disengaged.
2 AUTOLAND STATUS Annunciator (Upper)
Normal (blank) –
LAND 3 – (green)
• indicates all three autopilot systems and their associated
supporting airplane system inputs are operating normally
• appears below 1500 feet radio altitude with LOC and G/S
captured.
LAND 2 – (green)
• indicates a minimum of two autopilot systems and their
associated supporting airplane system inputs are operating
normally
• appears below 1500 feet radio altitude with LOC and G/S
captured.
3 AUTOLAND STATUS Annunciator (Lower)
Normal (blank) –
NO AUTOLAND (amber) – indicates fault conditions exist
which preclude the use of the autopilots for an automatic
landing.
NO LAND 3 (amber) – indicates a fault condition exists
which results in a LAND 2 condition
4 TEST Switches
Push – activates autoland status annunciator tests.
 QUIZ.
AUTOLAND self-test finds no fault. Left and right A/Ps engage.
ROLLOUT is armed roll mode. What is annunciated on the ASAs?
1. LAND 3.
2. LAND 2.
3. NO LAND 3.
4. NO AUTOLAND.
 QUIZ.
With a LAND 2 indication,
1. The level of redundancy is such that a single fault
cannot cause a significant deviation from the flight path
(fail passive).
2. The autopilot system level of redundancy is such that a
single fault cannot prevent the autopilot system from
making an automatic landing (fail operational).
 1. Lateral Navigation (L NAV) Switch
Push –
• Arms, engages or disarms LNAV as the roll mode
• Displays LNAV in white (armed) on the roll flight mode
annunciator when armed; the previous roll mode remains active.
• LNAV engages if the airplane is above 50 feet radio altitude and:
• within 2.5 NM of the active leg

• if not within 2.5 NM of the active leg and on an intercept heading to the
active leg, remains armed then engages when approaching the active leg

• when engaged, displays LNAV in green on roll flight mode annunciator.

• selection of LNAV with the airplane not on a heading which

intercepts the active leg, displays NOT ON INTERCEPT
HEADING in the CDU scratch pads
• Selection of LNAV when an active FMC route is not available
displays NO ACTIVE ROUTE in the CDU scratchpad.
LNAV maintains current heading when:
• passing the last active route waypoint
• passing the last waypoint prior to a route discontinuity •
passing the last route offset waypoint
• activating the inactive route or activating an airway
intercept and not within LNAV engagement criteria.
LNAV deactivates:
• by selecting heading hold (HDG HOLD) or heading select
(HDG SEL)
• when localizer is captured
• if there is a dual FMC failure
• by pushing LNAV switch a second time when LNAV is
armed.
2. Vertical Navigation (V NAV) Switch
Push –
• engages AFDS and A/T in VNAV mode

• VNAV PTH or VNAV SPD displays on each FMA

• AFDS and autothrottle follow vertical path and thrust guidance from
FMCS

• changes thrust reference from TO to CLB if above 400 feet radio altitude.

During climbs or descents, AFDS captures and holds altitude displayed in

altitude window or FMC target altitude, whichever is reached first.

With VNAV engaged, pushing IAS/MACH selector permits manual speed

selection. FMCs then use manually selected speeds for speed control.

VNAV deactivates:
• by selecting GA, FL CH, SPD or EPR, V/S or ALT HOLD

• by pushing VNAV switch a second time when VNAV is armed

• when glideslope is captured

• in climb or descent, reaching altitude displayed in altitude window prior to

reaching FMCs target altitude

• passing top of descent point if the MCP is not set to an altitude below cruise
altitude
3. Flight Level Change (FL CH) Switch
Push –
• selects FLCH mode and sets IAS/MACH window and
command airspeed bugs to current airspeed
• FLCH displays on each FMA
• AFDS pitch holds existing airspeed and A/T sets required
thrust, limited by the thrust limit for climb and idle for
descent. When selected altitude is reached, pitch mode
changes to ALT HOLD and A/T changes to SPD mode
• with FLCH mode displayed, pushing switch resets
IAS/MACH window and commands airspeed bugs to
current airspeed
• changes thrust reference from TO to CLB if above 400 feet
radio altitude
 QUIZ.
With LNAV armed, the A/P automatically turns the aircraft
to an intercept heading for the LNAV route. Is that
statement true?
1. False.
2. True.
 QUIZ.
A white LNAV annunciation in the ADI indicates:
1. LNAV is armed.
2. LNAV is engage.
3. Cannot tell without reference to the LNAV switch.
1. Localizer (LOC) Switch
Push –
• arms, disarms, captures LOC as roll mode.

• displays LOC on both FMA roll flight mode annunciations before localizer capture; current roll
mode LNAV, HDG SEL or HDG HOLD remains active until LOC capture.

• displays LOC on FMA roll flight mode annunciations after localizer capture.

• arms AFDS to capture and track inbound on front course, capture point varies based on range
and intercept angle.

• localizer capture can occur when intercept track angle is within 120 degrees of the localizer
course.

Note: After localizer capture, flight director roll commands may appear inconsistent with A/P
roll maneuvers for one to two minutes.

Localizer mode can be disarmed before localizer capture by:

• pushing localizer switch a second time.

• arming LNAV.

Localizer mode can be deactivated after localizer capture by:

• pushing a GA switch

• selecting a roll mode other than LNAV

• disengaging the autopilot and turning both F/D switches off.

Note: The LOC mode is a single autopilot function only. Multiple autopilots cannot be engaged
with this mode.
2 Approach (APP) Switch

Push –

• autopilot systems powered by separate sources with three autopilots engaged

• arms, disarms, or captures LOC as roll mode and glideslope (G/S) as pitch mode

• displays LOC and G/S on FMA roll and pitch flight mode annunciations prior to localizer and
glideslope capture

• displays LOC and G/S on both FMA roll and pitch flight mode annunciations after each is
captured

• localizer captures when intercept track angle is within 120 degrees of localizer course

Note: After localizer capture, flight director roll commands may appear inconsistent with A/P roll
maneuvers for one to two minutes.

• glideslope captures when intercept track angle to the localizer is within 80 degrees of localizer
course • either localizer or glideslope can be captured first

• AFDS captures and tracks localizer and glideslope upon intercepting the respective localizer and
glideslope radio signals UR-GED

• permits multi–autopilot selection. Automatic engagement subsequently occurs when localizer and
glideslope are captured, and radio altitude is below 1500 feet.

Approach mode can be disarmed before localizer or glideslope capture by:

• pushing approach switch a second time

• pushing LOC switch (G/S disarms, LOC remains armed)

• pushing LNAV switch and LNAV arms (does not immediately engage)

• pushing VNAV switch and VNAV arms (does not immediately engage).

Approach mode deselects:

• with LOC captured and G/S armed, by selecting another roll mode other than LNAV; selecting
LOC mode initiates a localizer approach

• with G/S captured and LOC armed, by selecting another pitch mode other than VNAV

• after LOC and/or G/S are captured, by selecting GA mode or disengaging the autopilot and
turning both F/D switches OFF.
 QUIZ.
How many A/Ps can be engaged when the LOC mode is
engaged?
1. One.
2. Two.
3. Three.
 QUIZ.
When is the ILS DEVIATION warning ( LOC or G/S becoming amber and
flashing) operative?

1. Bellow 500 ft RA when the deviation is respectively 1 dot for the G/S or
1.5 dot for the localizer.
2. When the deviation is respectively 1 dot for G/S or 1.5 dot for the
localizer.
3. Bellow 1000 ft RA when the deviation is respectively 1 dot for the G/S or
1.5 dot for the localizer.
1. Autothrottle Disconnect Switches
Push (either switch) –

• disconnects autothrottle and A/T DISC light illuminates

• autothrottle remains armed

• subsequent push extinguishes A/T DISC light.

2. Go–Around Switches
Push (either switch) –

• automatic arming occurs at glide slope capture or with extension of wing

flaps

• engages AFDS and autothrottle in GA mode if previously armed

• provides windshear guidance during GA if windshear detected

• if flight director off, activates flight director in GA mode

• cancels all thrust derates if selected after takeoff.

1. Autothrottle Disconnect (A/T DISC) Light
Illuminated (amber) –
• autothrottle has disconnected
• extinguished by pushing either autothrottle disconnect switch.

2. Autopilot (AUTO PILOT) Light

Illuminated (amber) –
• a degraded operating condition exists in engaged autopilot
• extinguished when condition is corrected or an alternate autopilot
is selected, provided fault is not common to alternate autopilot.

3. Autopilot Disconnect (A/P DISC) Light

Illuminated (red) –

• an autopilot has been automatically or manually disconnected

• extinguished by pushing either autopilot disengage switch.

 QUIZ.
What is the ADI mode annunciation for the pitch axis in the
GA mode?
1. GA
2. SPD
3. VNAV
 4. QUIZ.

Above 400 ft RA, which action would deactivate the GA MODE?

1. Select different roll and/or pitch mode
2. Select a VOR frequency
3. Push either GA switch a second time
Runway Alignment and Asymmetric Thrust
Compensation
AFDS controls rudder during multiple autopilot ILS approaches to
compensate for engine–out asymmetric thrust conditions during an
ILS approach.
With LAND 3 or LAND 2 annunciated, autopilot control of the
rudder is active.
The runway align submode is operative during multiple autopilot
ILS approach. It reduces the crab angle established during
crosswind conditions prior to automatic landing. The submode
operates as follows:
• actuated at 500 feet radio altitude with LAND 3 or LAND 2
annunciated
• activation not displayed
• autopilot systems initiate a slip with a maximum bank angle of two
degrees when the crab angle exceeds five degrees
• wing leveling from the slip is initiated when the ROLLOUT mode
is engaged.
If the autopilots are disengaged, manually or automatically, in an
asymmetric thrust condition with rudder control active, the rudder
moves to the trimmed position. The pilot may need to exert rudder
pedal force to maintain a smooth transition to manual flying.
Flare
The flare maneuver brings the airplane to a smooth automatic
landing touchdown. The flare submode is a multiple autopilot mode,
and is not intended for single autopilot or flight director only
operation.
At approximately 50 feet radio altitude, the autopilots start the flare
maneuver. FLARE replaces the G/S pitch flight mode annunciation.
Flare arms when LAND 3 or LAND 2 annunciates.
During flare:
• at 15 feet radio altitude the autothrottle retards thrust levers to
idle
• IDLE replaces the SPD autothrottle flight mode annunciation
• if slip exists due to runway align submode, wings leveled when
ROLLOUT mode engaged
• autopilots start lowering nose wheel to runway at five feet radio
altitude plus two seconds with pitch attitude less than two degrees
• at touchdown, the FLARE annunciation no longer displays, and
the nose lowers to the runway.
Note: During an approach with LAND 2 annunciated and below 100
feet radio altitude an increment of nose up trim is automatically
applied for flare. If the autopilots are subsequently disengaged in
the approach, a forward control column force of 20–30 pounds may
be required to counter the automatic trim condition. If an automatic
multi–autopilot go–around is performed, the increment of automatic
trim is removed.
Rollout
Rollout arms when LAND 3 or LAND 2 annunciates.
At approximately five feet radio altitude, rollout activates.
ROLLOUT replaces the LOC roll flight mode annunciation.
The autopilot controls the rudder and nose wheel steering to
keep the airplane on the localizer centerline.
Rollout guidance continues until a full stop or until the
autopilots are disengaged.
During rollout, autothrottle IDLE mode remains active
until the autothrottle disengages. Autothrottle
disengagement occurs when either thrust lever is set in
reverse thrust position. When selecting reverse thrust the
A/T DISC caution light, AUTOTHROT DISC EICAS
message and aural warning will not be activated.
 QUIZ.
The FLARE mode is multi A/P mode. It is armed when:
1. LAND 2 or LAND3 is annunciated.
2. LAND3 is annunciated.
3. LAND 2 is annunciated.
4. AUTOLAND is annunciated.
 QUIZ.
After an automatic landing, rollout guidance continues until:
1. The pilot disengages the A/Ps or until the full stop.
2. 60 knots.
3. The pilot applies manual braking.
4. The speedbrake lever is placed in the DOWN position.
Automatic Flight – Go–Around

Pushing either GA switch activates a go–around using multiple autopilot,

single autopilot or flight director only.

When the F/D switches are not on, pushing either GA switch displays the
flight director bars.

Go–around arms and the reference thrust limit changes to GA when the flaps
are out of up or glideslope is captured. Arming is not annunciated. GA
remains armed until two seconds after five feet radio altitude. Pushing either
GA switch during this period of the approach engages the GA mode. The
mode remains active even if the airplane touches down while executing the
go–around.

If the airplane is floating within five feet radio altitude for more than two
seconds when the GA switch is pushed, the autopilot pitch mode will remain
in FLARE and the autothrottle go–around mode will engage.

If the airplane is on the ground but has been below five feet radio altitude for
less than two seconds when the GA switch is pushed, the autopilot GA pitch
mode will engage but the A/T mode will remain IDLE.

The GA switches are interlocked with the thrust reversers to prevent go–
around mode engagement during reverse thrust operation.

When pushing either GA switch:

• roll and pitch activate in GA on the FMA

• autothrottle increases thrust with adjustment, as necessary, to maintain a

climb rate of 2000 fpm

• roll commands bank to maintain ground track

• AFDS increases pitch to hold existing speed or the selected MCP speed,
whichever is higher, as thrust increases

• if flap setting is 20 or less, a thrust mode other than go–around can be

selected.
Note: Autopilot elevator authority during a single autopilot approach is
limited to reduce the effects of an autopilot malfunction. If a go–around is
initiated during a single autopilot approach, there may be insufficient elevator
authority and stabilizer trim rate to counteract pitch up, caused by a rapid
application of full go–around thrust. There is sufficient elevator authority to
counteract pitchup when the go–around is flown using multiple autopilots, or
manually (no autopilot), or when the autothrottle go–around mode is used to
set a 2000 FPM climb rate.

GA level–off:

• at the selected altitude, the AFDS pitch flight mode annunciation changes to
ALT CAP, then to ALT HOLD and autothrottle mode changes to SPD

• GA remains the active roll mode until another mode is selected

• landing gear and flaps must be operated manually.

GA Mode Termination:

Below 400 feet radio altitude –

• if flap setting is 25 or 30, autothrottle remains in GA mode unless disengaged

• disengaged autopilot and turn off both flight directors.

Above 400 feet radio altitude -

• select a different roll or pitch mode; all autopilots, except first in CMD,
disengage.

Note: If the autopilot systems are compensating for an asymmetric thrust

condition when they revert to a single autopilot in CMD configuration, the
rudder will return to the trimmed position unless the pilot exerts the rudder
pedal force required to maintain the rudder position.
 QUIZ.
When GA mode is engaged, the autothrottle:

1. Control thrust to maintain 2000 fpm climb

2. Advances the thrust lever to climb thrust.
3. Annunciates SPD in the ADIs.
4. QUIZ.

What is the ADI mode annunciation for the roll axis in the GA
mode?
1. GA
2. HDG
3. HDG HOLD
4. TRK HOLD
cpt. Yaroslav Romanyuk