3.

34

−∞ ∞
X X 2
H(z) = 3n z −n + ( )n z −n
n=−1 n=0
5
−1 1 2
= −1
+ 2 −1
, ROC: < |z| < 3
1 − 3z 1 − 5z 5
1
X(z) =
1 − z −1
Y (z) = H(z)X(z)
− 13
5 z
−1
= , ROC: 1 < |z| < 2
(1 − z )(1 − 3z )(1 − 52 z −1 )
−1 −1

13 3 2
6 2 3
= − − 2 −1
1 − z −1 1 − 3z −1 1− 5z
Therefore,
 
3 n 13 2 2 n
y(n) = 3 u(−n − 1) + − ( ) u(n)
2 6 3 5

3.35
(a)

1
h(n) = ( )n u(n)
3
1
H(z) =
1 − 31 z −1
1 πn
x(n) = ( )n cos u(n)
2 3
1 − 14 z −1
X(z) =
1 − 21 z −1 + 14 z −2
Y (z) = H(z)X(z)
1 − 41 z −1
=
(1 − 31 z −1 )(1 − 12 z −1 + 14 z −2 )
1 6 1 −1
√ √
3 −1
7 7 (1 − 4 z 3 3 4 z
= 1 −1 + +
1− 3z 1 − 21 z −1 + 14 z −2 7 1 − 21 z −1 + 14 z −2
Therefore,
" √ #
1 1 n 6 1 n πn 3 3 1 n πn
y(n) = ( ) + ( ) cos + ( ) sin u(n)
7 3 7 2 3 7 2 3

(b)

1
h(n) = ( )n u(n)
2
1
H(z) =
1 − 21 z −1
1 1
x(n) = ( )n u(n) + ( )−n u(−n − 1)
3 2

78
 1 1
X(z) = 1 −1 −
1− 3z
1 − 2z −1
Y (z) = H(z)X(z)
− 35 z −1
=
(1 − 21 z −1 )(1 − 13 z −1 )(1 − 2z −1 )
10 −4
3 −2 3
= + +
1 − 21 z −1 1 − 31 z −1 1 − 2z −1
Therefore,
 
10 1 n 1 4
y(n) = ( ) − 2( )n u(n) + 2n u(−n − 1)
3 2 3 3
(c)

y(n) = −0.1y(n − 1) + 0.2y(n − 2) + x(n) + x(n − 1)

1 + z −1
H(z) =
1 + 0.1z −1 − 0.2z −2
1
x(n) = ( )n u(n)
3
1
X(z) =
1 − 31 z −1
Y (z) = H(z)X(z)
1 + z −1
= 1 −1
(1 − 3 z )(1 + 0.1z −1 − 0.2z −2 )
28 −1
−8 3 3
= + +
1 − 31 z −1 1 − 0.4z −1 1 + 0.5z −1
Therefore,
 
1 n 28 2 n 1 1 n
y(n) = −8( ) + ( ) − ( ) u(n)
3 3 5 3 2
(d)
1 1
y(n) = x(n) − x(n − 1)
2 2
1 −1
⇒ Y (z) = (1 − z )X(z)
2
10
X(z) =
1 + z −2
(1 − z −1 )/2
Hence, Y (z) = 10
1 + z −2
πn π(n − 1)
y(n) = 5cos u(n) − 5cos u(n − 1)
h 2 i 2
πn πn
= 5cos − 5sin u(n − 1) + 5δ(n)
2 2
10 πn π
= 5δ(n) + √ sin( + )u(n − 1)
2 2 4
10 πn π
= √ sin( + )u(n)
2 2 4
(e)

y(n) = −y(n − 2) + 10x(n)

79
 10
Y (z) = X(z)
1 + z −2
10
X(z) =
1 + z −2
100
Y (z) =
(1 + z −2 )2
50 50 −25jz −1 25jz −1
= + + +
1 + jz −1 1 − jz −1 (1 + jz −1 )2 (1 − jz −1 )2
Therefore,
y(n) = {50 [j n + (−j)n ] − 25n [j n + (−j)n ]} u(n)
= (50 − 25n)(j n + (−j)n )u(n)
πn
= (50 − 25n)2cos u(n)
2
(f)
2
h(n) = ( )n u(n)
5
1
H(z) =
1 − 25 z −1
x(n) = u(n) − u(n − 7)
1 − z −n
X(z) =
1 − z −1
Y (z) = H(z)X(z)
1 − z −n
=
(1 − 52 z −1 )(1 − z −1 )
5 −2  5 −2 
= 3
+ 3
− 3
+ 3
z −7
1 − z −1 1 − 52 z −1 1 − z −1 1 − 25 z −1
Therefore,
   
1 2 1 2
y(n) = 5 − 2( )n u(n) − 5 − 2( )n−7 u(n − 7)
3 5 3 5
(g)
1
h(n) ( )n u(n)
=
2
1
H(z) =
1 − 21 z −1
x(n) = (−1)n , −∞<n<∞
= cosπn, −∞<n<∞
x(n) is periodic sequence and its z-transform does not exist.
y(n) = |H(w0 )|cos[πn + Θ(w0 )], w0 = π
1
H(z) = 1 −jw
1 − 2e
1
H(π) =
1 + 21
2
= , Θ = 0.
3
2
Hence, y(n) = cosπn, −∞<n<∞
3

80
(h)
1
h(n) = ( )n u(n)
2
1
H(z) =
1 − 21 z −1
1
x(n) = (n + 1)( )n u(n)
4
1 −1
1 4z
X(z) = 1 −1 +
1 − 4z (1 − 41 z −1 )2
Y (z) = H(z)X(z)
1
=
(1 − 21 z −1 )(1 − 14 z −1 )2
−1 −1
4 4 z −3
= 1 −1 + +
1− 2z (1 − 41 z −1 )2 1 − 41 z −1
Therefore,
 
1 1 1
y(n) = 4( )n − n( )n − 3( )n u(n)
2 4 4

3.36

1 − 2z −1 + 2z −2 − z −3 1
H(z) = , < |z| < 1
(1 − z −1 )(1 − 12 z −1 )(1 − 15 z −1 ) 2
1 − z −1 + z −2 1
= , < |z| < 1
(1 − 12 z −1 )(1 − 15 z −1 ) 2
√
1±j 3 1 1
(a) Z1,2 = , p1 = , p2 =
2 2 5
 5 
−2.8
(b) H(z) = 1 + 2
+ z −1
1 − 21 z −1 1 − 51 z −1
 
1 1
h(n) = δ(n) + 5( )n − 14( )n u(n)
2 5

3.37

y(n) = 0.7y(n − 1) − 0.12y(n − 2) + x(n − 1) + x(n − 2)

z −1 + z −2
Y (z) = X(z)
1 − 0.7z −1 + 0.12z −2
x(n) = nu(n)
z −1
X(z) =
(1 − z −1 )2
z −2 + z −3
Y (z) = −1 2 3 −1 2 −2
(1 − z ) (1 − 10 z )(1 − 50 z )
⇒ System is stable
4.76z −1 −12.36 −26.5 38.9
Y (z) = + + +
−1
(1 − z ) 2 (1 − z ) (1 − 10 z ) (1 − 25 z −1 )
−1 3 −1

81