Test no 9

Rewrite the following jumbled sentences and

rearranges them in the right sequential
order:

• The aim is to find out how much of these raw materials

could be provided if a plant for recycling waste were
built just outside the city.
• All these ideas are already being made use of, but what
is new is the idea of combining them on such a large
scale in a single plant designed to recycle most types of
waste.
• A new concept of recycling waste is taking shape in the
form of a project.
• This plant would recycle not only metal such as steel,
lead and copper, but also paper and rubber as well.
• The latest project is to take a city of around half a million
inhabitants and discover exactly what raw materials go
into it and what goes out.
• Methods have been discovered for example for removing
the ink from newsprint.
• This would enable the paper to be used again.
• Also through these methods, valuable oils and gases can
be obtained from old motorcars and tyres from these
methods
2) Read the following passage and make notes from it
giving it a suitable title.
The training of employees in a modern organization is a
process far different from what it was in the past. When a
carpenter or a mason wanted to learn the skills of carpentry or
masonry in the past, he would apprentice himself to an
experienced craftsman and learn from him. Then for the rest
of his life, he would keep working and earning his living
using the skills he learnt from his master.

Today, training is given in institutes where the latest tools

and methods are used in the training programme. The
craftsman learn something of the theory behind the skills that
he learns, instead of blindly doing what he was taught to do.
Adaptation to new tools and methods is an important aspect of
his training. With modern techniques, the employees can
complete the work more quickly and more efficiently. The
tedium of manual labour is to a considerable extent reduced
The training that the workers get makes them more receptive
to change. They are willing to give up their age-old habits of
work.

Employees are selected by organizations after an

assessment of the skills they possess. Today, the process of
training continues even after the selection is made. This is
known as in-service training and is in many ways more
important than pre-service training. This is because jobs are
becoming more and more specialized. The purpose of such
training is not merely to ‘teach’ the employees about new
techniques to be adopted by them. It is equally intended to
improve the morale of the workers. By participating in
training programmes organized by the employer, the workers
get a feeling that they are important, and that their employers
care for them. They also become convinced of the dignity of
labour and begin to take pride in what they are doing.

This brings us to another important aspect of training. This

is the promotion of good interpersonal relations in the
organization. In the past, each worker was seen as an
individual, isolated from the others. Today, the employers try
to create a sense of fellowship among the workers. They are
trained to work as a team and to submit to the discipline of a
corporate life. Such training has become necessary because
modern manufacturing processes call for the collective effort
of a large number of people possessing various skills.
Relations among the employees and relations between the
employees and the management have to be good for the
success of the enterprise. It is her the industrial psychologist
plays an important role. To the psychologist, the employee is
not a cog in the wheel, but a human being who has emotions
which have to be satisfied besides physical needs to be met.
The psychologist has an important function in the
organization today. He pays attention to the psychological
factors involved, both at the level of the individual and at the
level of groups, and advises the management on the training
programmes that would best promote the interests of the
organization, of both the employees and the management.