“HOW SOCIAL

CHANGE BRINGS
CHANGE IN MEDIA”
SUBMITTED TO : SIR IMRAN SHIRVANEE

SUBMITTED BY:

SHAKEELA CHANDIO
DANIA RAHEEL
FAIQA SHABBIR
NIGHAT SHAH
 Contents
SOCIAL CHANGE: DIGITIZATION OF INFORMATION AND MODE OF COMMUNICATION....................................4

HISTROY.............................................................................................................................................................4

HOW TECHNOLOGY TRANSFORM SOCIETY?..................................................................................................4

WHAT IS DIGITIZATION..................................................................................................................................5

WHAT IS NEW MEDIA?...................................................................................................................................5

DEFINING OLD MEDIA AND NEW MEDIA.......................................................................................................5

WHY SOCIETY NEED DIGITAL MEDIA?............................................................................................................6

Statistics.....................................................................................................................................................6

SOCIAL RELATIONS ARE CHANGING BECAUSE OF TECHNOLOGY...................................................................7

HOW MEDIA LANDSCAPE CHANGE FROM DIGITIZATION..................................................................................7

VALUE CHAIN OF DIGITIZED MEDIA...............................................................................................................7

MAJOR TRENDS SHIFTS..................................................................................................................................8

HOW MEDIA INDUSTRY CHANGE FROM THIS TECHNOLOGY.........................................................................9

UNDERSTANDING THE TECHNOLOGY LIFECYCLE.............................................................................................10

THE INDUSTRIAL ERA ENDED SO WILL THE DIGITAL ERA.............................................................................10

WHAT'S DRIVE THE NEXT CHANGE..................................................................................................................11

MORE AND NOW.........................................................................................................................................11

WHAT IS VIRTUAL MEDIA?...........................................................................................................................11

QUANTUM REVOLUTION.............................................................................................................................11

FUTURE MEDIA............................................................................................................................................12

DIGITIZATION AND MEDIA:..............................................................................................................................12

WHAT CHANGES IT BROUGHT IN MEDIA AND HOW IT IMPACTED ON PAKISTANI MEDIA..........................14

DIGITIZATION AND MEDIA PRODUCTION........................................................................................................14

DIGITIZATION AND JOURNALISM:....................................................................................................................15

RECOMMENDATION FOR MEDIA INDUSTRY....................................................................................................16

SOCIAL CHANGE: RIGHTS TO TRANSGENDERS AND CHANGE IN MEDIA..........................................................17

BACKGROUND..............................................................................................................................................17

REFERENCES:....................................................................................................................................................20
 SOCIAL CHANGE: DIGITIZATION OF INFORMATION AND MODE OF
COMMUNICATION
What is social change?

Social change is the general term refer to the change in nature, social behavior, social
institutions or social relations of the society, community of people or other social structures,
any event or action that affects a group of individuals that have shared values or characteristics,
act of advocacy for the cause of changing norms of society- Social change can have both
positive and negative impacts in society. It depends on people of society that how they are
getting benefits by the change of using it in a negative way.

Linkages between media change and Social Change:

 Social systems and mass media systems both are independent. It is important to identify
the main implication of change in both directions, the impact of change in the media on
social relationship and the impact of change in social conditions on media organization
and performance.
 Mass media an essentially mediating agency positioned between communication
sources from which they draw spokespersons, creative talent and much of raw material
and audience for which they cater. In all media roles in cultural, political, commercial,
provision of information and entertainment, they are highly sensitive to relevant trends
in the surrounding society.
 The trends media introduce in their programs, people gradually adopt and accept the
ideas and trends of media and apply it in society. Media changes audience attitude in
society.
 Mass media provide channels through which diverse groups strive to register and
disseminate the rest of society, their claim of resources, status identity and power.

HISTROY
HOW TECHNOLOGY TRANSFORM SOCIETY?

The change from feudalism (agricultural society) to industrial society (capitalist) produces sweeping
changes in societies. Changes take place in society at the time of industrial revolution. Karl Marx
identified capitalism as the basic reason behind the breakup of feudal societies he focused his analysis
on the means of production (factories, machinery, tools) Industrial revolution. Those who owned them
dictated the conditions under which workers would work and live. Max Weber saw religion as the core
reason for the development of capitalism to work hard resulted an economic surplus stimulating
industrialization. Modern society is more urbanized and subject faster to change. They stress formal
education and the future and are less religiously oriented. They have smaller families, lower rates of
infant mortality and higher life, higher incomes and more material possessions. People's view,
fundamental beliefs about life should be like and their attitudes toward one another changed like more
judgmental. The export of western medicine to the least industrialized nations reduced death rates but
did not affect high birth rates rapidly increasing populations strain the resources of nations leading
starvation and hunger and mass migration to cities and industrialized nations. Capitalism and
industrialization extended the economic and political ties among the world's nation. Less industrialized
states dependent on industrialized. The way technology alters people's way of life is of great
significance. All human groups use technology and it is the characteristic of post industrial societies
because it greatly extends our abilities to analyze information, to communicate as fast as we can.
Cultural lag is to describe the situation in which some elements of a culture adapt to an invention more
rapidly than others like computers. We are constantly trying to catch up with technology by adapting
our customs and ways of life to meet its needs.

It's not science fiction it's much more science than fiction

Digital revolution in society --> Impact traditional media landscape in to new media --> Post
digital era is Quantum revolution --> Media become individual entity and faster as photon in
form of virtual world.

WHAT IS DIGITIZATION

In “The Language of New Media”, Lev Manovich, tells us that “converting continuous data into
a numerical representation is called digitization”. In other words, “when new media objects are
created on computers, they originate in numerical form”, mean that the product begins as a
digitized entity. Additionally, “old media” objects can be input into a computer, or digitized. The
old media thus becomes new media.

WHAT IS NEW MEDIA?

"Media outlets consisted of traditional TV, radio, and print, but now it has expanded to include
many more digital channels where influencers are the mouthpiece rather than well-known
reporters and reputable news names. Traditional forms of media include print publications
(newspapers and magazines), broadcast news (television and radio) and, in recent years, the
digital version of those media outlets, such as digital newspapers and blogs, social media,
streaming video, podcasts and online publications that has replaced even television"

DEFINING OLD MEDIA AND NEW MEDIA

• New media is having a conversation; old media is delivering a lecture

 • Old media takes itself very seriously; new media has a sense of fun
• New media welcomes criticism and attempts to learn from it, getting involved in the
discussion; old media sees it as an attack, goes on the defensive, and even tries to
exact revenge
• Old media is establishment; new media is counter-culture
• Old media refuses to acknowledge peer publications; new media shares the link love
• Old media is an exclusive club; new media is open to all
• Old media thinks twitter is a frivolous waste of time; new media doesn’t know how it
managed before twitter came along
• Old media constantly tells everyone how good and successful it is; new media leaves
that job to others
• Old media plays it safe and seldom gets it wrong; new media frequently gets it
wrong, but apologizes and carries on, regarding this to be the price paid for working
closer to the edge
• Old media is so competitive about its search engine ranking that it uses underhand
tactics such as ‘rel=no_ follow’ tags on outward links (Google it if you don’t know
what this is), to avoid bleeding page rank; new media recognizes that sharing and
collaboration are the way forward
• Old media has 10 000 twitter followers but follows just 12; new media has 10 000
twitter followers but follows 2500
• Old media are what you’re accustomed to: television, radio, newspapers, magazines,
etc. New media are most often associated with content that’s accessible “online,”
which simply means that the information is available via a virtual network, the
Internet being the most obvious.

WHY SOCIETY NEED DIGITAL MEDIA?

People are switching their consumption is because digital gives them extraordinarily more
choices and access to news, entertainment, and information. This is not only the greatest
development in media since Gutenberg’s press; it is the greatest media development in history.
This is due to several factors including the interactive nature of digital, the targeted nature of
digital, the social nature of digital and the medium’s inherent ability to measure engagement
and not just reach. 

Statistics: Think about where we are today. $1.25 trillion will be spent on digital transformation
globally in 2019, and that number will skyrocket to $1.97 trillion in global spending on digital
transformation of businesses in 2022, according to the International Data Corporation (IDC).
And over 60 percent of global GDP will be digitized with growth in every industry driven by
digitally-enhanced offerings, operations, and relationships. face book world connect global
community, there are 400 million tweets being sent per day and 5 million uploaded to
instagram everyday, 6 billion of video watched on youtube each month, 751 million people
have access to facebook, whole societies become attached to technology especially the social
media. whether it is for better or for worse, the internet has definitely impacted the world
tremendously because it has become a fundamental tool for us. for awareness for desired
change.

SOCIAL RELATIONS ARE CHANGING BECAUSE OF TECHNOLOGY

• Real human closeness has lost because of technology it create language barrier between old
and young, it is ever faster than imagined. Change is for material culture (technology) to
change first, and for symbolic culture (people's ideas and ways of life) to follow. New
technologies can reshape an entire society. Computer obsolete typewriter, changes in social
organization (introduction of factories changed the nature of work, people gather in one
place to do their work, were given special tasks and became responsible for only part of an
item not the entire item. Now people are working at their home as freelancers now big
social change is around.
• Transformation of social relationships as men went to work in factories family relationships
changed as more women work outside the home family relationship are again changing.

HOW MEDIA LANDSCAPE CHANGE FROM DIGITIZATION

VALUE CHAIN OF DIGITIZED MEDIA

We are entering into a golden age of content and media. Today, media companies are investing
huge sums of money in non-traditional media delivery options, start-ups are innovating and
redefining how the content industry works, and consumers are demanding and expecting
access to virtually any content on any device at any time. This includes media and
entertainment content, but also corporate, social, marketing and personal media. The tectonic
shifts happening in the media and content world are going to irreversibly reshape how
companies and consumers create, display, view and consume content.

Innovation within the content space has been largely driven by and accomplished through the
continued digitization of content, including traditional media and business media—corporate
and internal communications, marketing and sales collateral, HR, accounting, document and
productivity solutions—across verticals, regions, divisions, and throughout the supplier and
customer value chain. At the same time, media companies are realizing that by digitizing and
managing their assets, they can gain greater control, allow for simpler creation and
collaboration, enable diverse distribution through multiple media gateways, and can positively
impact monetization efforts. This ever-increasing creation, conversion, and retention of digital
content has created entirely new industries, business dynamics, competitive paradigms, and
demands on technology.

MAJOR TRENDS SHIFTS

Major Trend 1: Mass Digitalization

Major Trend 2: Freelance Mania

Major Trend 3: Content, Content, Content

Major Trend 4: Video Technology Is Rapidly Advancing

Major Trend 5: Generational Shifts

Major Trend 6: Internet Delivery

Minor Trends

There are also a number of minor trends impacting business for media companies — the
proliferation of mobile devices, the maturing of content marketing, the merger of broadcast
and Internet media, and so on. But frankly, these are not new — they have been on the radar
for a long time. Your long-term strategy should be based on the major trends, while considering
the minor trends for your short-term execution strategies.

IT Budget

Obviously, with the amount of technology activity influencing the media industry, IT spending in
media has increased. To remain competitive, you need to invest wisely. Your goal is not to
outspend the competition — it is to spend more of your technology dollars on strategic
initiatives and less on infrastructure. Projects that help to create scalability, reduce expenses,
and enhance customer experiences should get more of the IT budget. KPIs that will lead you in
the right direction include revenue per employee, cost of technology per employee and overall
percentage of revenue spent on technology. Your spend per employee and revenue per
employee should go up over time, while your overall percentage of revenue spent on
technology should go down. And while small businesses’ IT spending is all over the board, with
estimates from 1.5 percent of revenue to over 10 percent of revenue, expect companies in the
media industry to be at the high end of this. The industry is hyper competitive, the barriers to
entry are being reduced constantly, and technology is having a major impact on the current
landscape.
Security and Regulatory Compliance

As with any industry, consumer data protection is high priority for media companies — not only
because of the legalities, but also because corporate trust is much harder to maintain than ever
before. Consumers (and not just the millennial) have much more visibility into the companies
they choose to support, and there is much more competition waiting in the ranks to take your
spot if you ever violate that trust. Failing to protect your customer’s data is a quick way to
alienate your fan base and create vocal enemies. In terms of regulatory compliance, not much
will change in the near future. Long-term however, the policies in place to regulate content will
need a major overhaul. This will most likely be good for companies, as deregulation will create
more freedom of information, as well as less overhead required to manage compliance.

HOW MEDIA INDUSTRY CHANGE FROM THIS TECHNOLOGY

• Do we still need journalists?
• Do we need reporters when the web lets us travel to every corner of the world?
• Do we need investigative journalists when they would never get the documents that
WikiLeaks got?
• Do we need international correspondents when demonstrators in Iran can send pictures
of their prohibited protests via mobile phones to the web?
• Do we need editorials when the web offers us millions of opinions?

Technology has opened doors that have created a new mindset amongst young people. The rise
of blogging, sharing music, downloading information, taking part in chat rooms, bulletin boards
and online communities has occasioned a new set of values. Consumers have moved from an
Age of Competition (importance of ‘Me’) to an Age of Cooperation (importance of ‘We’). There
has been a realization that to get ahead, life should be about participation, involvement and
openness rather than aggressive individualism. Far from the apathetic breed of adolescents the
media presents, technology has helped create a new mindset that is more about taking part
and pro-activity: a ‘lean forward’ attitude. Not only this, but they are a generation of
‘commentators’ who are constantly connected, communicating frequently and generating
debate. The ease and multiplicity of communication media means that people have and share
more opinions than ever before.
 UNDERSTANDING THE TECHNOLOGY LIFECYCLE

DARK DIGITAL AGES

Computer and data specialists refer to this era of lost data as the "digital dark ages." Other experts call
the 21st century an “informational black hole,” because the digital information we are creating right
now may not be readable by machines and software programs of the future. All that data, they worry —
our century’s digital history — is at risk of never being recoverable.

THE INDUSTRIAL ERA ENDED SO WILL THE DIGITAL ERA

• Yet now Moore’s Law is ending and advancement isn’t so easy anymore. Companies such
as Microsoft and Google are designing custom chips to run their algorithms because it is
no longer feasible to just wait for a new generation of chips. To maximize performance,
you increasingly need to optimize technology for a specific task.

• Second, the technical skill required to create digital technology has dramatically
decreased, marked by the rising popularity of so-called no-code platforms. Much as with
auto mechanics and electricians, the ability to work with digital technology is increasingly
becoming a midlevel skill. With democratization comes commoditization.

• Over the next decade, these techniques will increasingly incorporate machine learning
algorithms such as quantum computing and neuromorphic chips, that function very
differently than digital computers do.
WHAT'S DRIVE THE NEXT CHANGE
MORE AND NOW

You arrive at the “more” through the simple fact that new media are ubiquitous. Content is
everywhere and is provided to you through myriad distribution channels. You have at your
disposal a wide selection of media content. The World Wide Web alone presents you with a
breadth of information that is far greater than even the most robust cable television services
can provide. Your willingness to engage with new media as a means of obtaining information
undoubtedly exposes you to a wider swath of more and better content.

To get to the “now,” you need only consider another simple truism of virtually all new media:
It’s always available. The delivery of new media content isn’t relegated to a specific time of day
or day of the week, as is the case with most traditional broadcast media such as television or
radio programming. New media aren’t delivered to your home or office each day at a certain
time—thinks newspapers— or each week or month—think magazines. New media are instead
instantly available to you at all times of the day or night and they’re constantly updated. When
a news story breaks, articles show up on numerous web sites, only minutes after they’ve been
written. As new developments to the story arise, the available content is updated on the fly.
The same phenomenon definitely doesn’t happen with traditional print media and rarely does
with broadcast media unless, of course, the particular news event is of such stupendous
concern that there’s a need—and willingness—to break into regular programming.

WHAT IS VIRTUAL MEDIA?

Virtual memory refers to an imaginary set of locations, or addresses, where you can store data.
The representation, effect, or essence of a real thing produced through technology. Digital
entity becomes virtual entity or sets of virtual assets in cyberspace, virtual revolution, and
virtual memory.

QUANTUM REVOLUTION

Major trends are influencing the direction of media, so expect some additional shake-ups in the
near future! Digitization is bits 0, 1 for data and processing on digital platforms quantum bits is
qubit 01 at same time overlapping like you can see head or tail of a coin at one moment
quantum computing. Each bit is both 0 and, it gives solutions in less than nanoseconds. The
future gives this computer artificial intelligence to rebuild its program itself. It’s scary. A factor
of technology brings social change in a whole world that impact media to d faster than ever.
(Source UNSW). After Albert Einstein quantum physics, 1982 Richard fey man is early pioneers
of quantum computing. The peter shot with quantum algorithm. a beginning of virtual world?

FUTURE MEDIA

Future is ahead, it's not science fiction, Storage is from neuromorphic chips is processed by
google, quantum computing invented by the cooperation of GOOGLE, Microsoft and NASA,
artificial intelligence, halo graphics all these innovations will shift paradigm after 30 years.
Imagine a world where the difference between man and machine blurs, where the line
between humanity and technology fades, and where the soul and the silicon chip unite. This is
the twenty-first century according to Ray Kurzweil, the inventor of the most innovative and
compelling technology of our era. It will be the next set of new technologies to spark a step
change, letting businesses reimagines entire industries.

DIGITIZATION AND MEDIA:

Digitization refers to the process of converting data/information into digital format from
analogue format. It simply means the conversion of large analogous objects, image, sound,
document or signal by generating a series of numbers that describe a discrete set of its points.
In other words it means the presentation of ideas using binary digits as its technology
framework.

Although digitization affects all media, its effects on business models are not universal. Print out
lets, forexample, are now struggling with digital distribution and consumption challenges. The
pursuit of cost savings and flexibility through digitization is pushing book, magazine, and
newspaper publishers toward “e-readers” as consumption platforms.

Media production refers to the professional creation of contents in forms of newspapers,

magazines, radio, television, films, books, visual arts, music, photography, video games, and so
on, in the fields of communication, entertainment and information. This definition projects that
media production is a professionally structured sector in our society. However, with the
digitization of mediated contents, journalists are other concerned producers are beginning to
express concerns on the upholding of the professionalism of their jobs while others tend to see
it as an improvement in their practices. The varied opinions take their stands in the ease
digitization has provided to the process of media production. That does not however, mean
that the basic elements of research, design and management that were required for media
production are not included with the use of digital technologies. It has only been made easy.
The ease is provided is what has watered down the expectations of many critics.
Media in Pakistan and all over the world has shifted to more mobile and mass communication
channel that is internet. They have built a proper network and have their online presence.
Digitization is changing the business model of Print, Television and Digital media.

Moreover Drama and entertainment channel have shifted to YouTube for online streaming so
they can capture and keep their rating high even when viewers are not heading to Television to
watch their dramas plus earning through the advertisements that are placed throughout their
online streaming on YouTube. This shows how major change digitization has brought into media
industry that is completely changing their business models.

In this age of digitization if a media outlet is not present online it’s hard for it to grow and
would damage their existence and they would seize to exist.

Physical distribution of Newspapers is largely impacted by this change so far.

ONLINE PRESENCE OF NEWSPAPERS AND NEWS CHANNELS

dawn.com Karachi, Pakistan.

express.com.pk Lahore, Pakistan.

dailypakistan.com.pk Lahore, Pakistan.

dunya.com.pk Lahore, Pakistan.

pakistantoday.com.pk Lahore, Pakistan.

thenews.com.pk Karachi, Pakistan.

Daily Times Lahore, Pakistan.

pakobserver.net Lahore, Pakistan.

thefinancialdaily.com Lahore, Pakistan.

dailytafteesh.com Lahore, Pakistan.

Daily Asas Rawalpindi, Pakistan.

Daily Jasarat Karachi, Pakistan.

Daily Khabrain Lahore, Pakistan.

Daily Usaf Islamabad, Pakistan.

Daily Nai Baat Lahore, Pakistan.

Daily Ummat Karachi, Pakistan.

 Frontier Post Peshawar, Pakistan.

Daily Nawaiwaqt Islamabad, Pakistan.

Daily Mail Islamabad, Pakistan.

Over the past decade, social media platforms have penetrated deeply into the mechanics of
everyday life, affecting people's informal interactions, as well as institutional structures and
professional routines. Far from being neutral platforms for everyone, social media have
changed the conditions and rules of social interaction.

I think there is a great threat to print media for completely dying out because of the digitization
of communications in the society. Attention spans have been shortened because of this mode
of communication and there is immense pressure on media agencies to keep it as short and
entertaining. As they can.

WHAT CHANGES IT BROUGHT IN MEDIA AND HOW IT IMPACTED ON PAKISTANI MEDIA

At least one side of digitization in Pakistan can be told through the story of the “lawyers’
movement.” In March 2007, General Pervez Musharraf fired the country’s Chief Justice,
sparking a sustained campaign by his opponents for the restoration of an independent
judiciary. This movement eventually became the military dictator’s undoing. Although the
campaign was initiated by lawyers, it attracted human rights activists, students, and middleclass
professionals, most of them wielding digital weapons of mass mobilization. Even the imposition
of emergency rule and the blocking of privately owned television news broadcasts could not
save the general. Anti-Musharraf activists used SMS to organize flash-mobs, while university
and even school students deployed blogs, email lists, and SMS messages to co-ordinate
protests, which were filmed by the participants themselves and shared on user-generated
websites as well as CNN’s audience-generated “iReport.” During the emergency, a blog named
The Emergency Times live-streamed protests and inspirational multimedia messages from
lawyers and activists, and crowd-sourced information for campaigns against certain political
figures. At the same time, Pakistanis abroad were able to support the lawyers and activists
through social media, especially FaceBook. A year and a half later General Musharraf stepped
down and went on a pilgrimage to Mecca, and then into exile, while a newly elected civilian
government reinstated the Chief Justice

Another example is over the past few years, social media have sometimes erroneously been
regarded as ready-to-use tools for citizens, rioters, journalists, and activists to bring about social
change, whether civil disruption, such as in Haren, or social uprisings, such as the ones in
Tunisia and Egypt in 2011, which were casually tagged as "the Twitter revolutions".
DIGITIZATION AND MEDIA PRODUCTION
Media production has largely transformed from a restricted domain to a free for all domain
under the influence of digitization. The world production capacity of media has increased from
the numbers of professionals to the numbers of people owning the technology globally. Any
individual anywhere in the world in possession of digital devices is a potential creator of media
content. The amount of digital content produced globally has thus increased exceptionally with
a possibility of breaking every barrier that binds the production and consumption of media
content. Space and resources used to create content has been reduced such that very little
resources is needed to create large amounts of content. For instance, the use of electronic
billboards has reduced several print billboards to few and still achieves the purpose of
advertising several products and services at a particular time. It invariably means that the
resources that would have been used in the production of all the printed posters are also
conserved.

Media production that used to be a professional business has now become a free zone for
anyone that possesses a computer and will to put for production. It is a widespread practice for
individuals to produce contents from the homes or virtual locations and use such avenues as
blogs, websites, and social media pages to distribute the created content.

The practice has created a new form of journalism that is pure grassroots according to
Alexander James. It has in consequence removed the concept of ownership of content because
digital media is not quite tangible.

The structure has eventually created a strict competition among journalists and other contents
producer. They are however using the opportunity to put their signature on every work created
to distinguish themselves from any other digital content creator that is not a professional. Also,
with the increased competition, they try to get news out as fast as possible to beat the
competition. Hence, there are no more specified periods for news. Almost all news from the
press are treated as breaking news such that a consumer of newspaper or magazine may end
up consuming information that has become stale to digitized information consumers.

The internet also enables wider coverage by circulating news to places where newspapers,
radio or television coverage does not reach. Other content producers and distributors also
consider several digital means as new viable alternatives to sell digitized versions of their
surviving analog contents.
DIGITIZATION AND JOURNALISM:
There is conflicting opinion about the impact of digitization on journalism. Some say it is
beneficial and advancement for the journalists and for the media newsrooms as the journalists
have excess to unlimited data and information and virtual libraries, public records; while some
think it has taken professionalism out of the journalism and credible and reliable reporting.

Digitization in media production has rendered the producer of the content full accountable to
the consumers. Based on the capacity of the internet to reproduce large quantity of data in
discrete size without altering the intended meaning of the content, producers are now afforded
the binding opportunity of providing full text and links that would refer readers to background
material, supplemental details, original documents, and all the other forms of data that made
the process of reporting the story instructive for the journalist.

The same internet has increased the demand for continuous accessible on the clock news,
which news agencies are responding to if they still wish to remain in business, irrespective of
the opinion they hold about digitization of the press. This has led to 24-hours news delivery by
News agencies and other improved services for their customers’ satisfaction such as
customization of news.

RECOMMENDATION FOR MEDIA INDUSTRY

The path to the post-digital era waits. I invite you to take your company’s digital transformation journey
to the next level by applying new technologies, investing in your talent and organization to build post-
digital skill sets, and strengthening trust-based relationships for even greater success. Meet the
consumers need at speed of now.
 SOCIAL CHANGE: RIGHTS TO TRANSGENDERS AND CHANGE IN MEDIA
“Are we Humans too, are we national of the country, do we have any “Right to live”
in this world.

BACKGROUND

Although it’s very rare that a transgender can happen by choice, the society is still not willing to
accept them and give them the respect and the place they deserve in our society. Until recently
they were not issued identity cards, were not eligible for a good position in government sector
and were deprived of their basic rights like access to quality education etc. The awareness
started in the Pakistani society for the first time when one of the transgender named Alisha was
shot by the military soldiers and she lost her life since the doctors in the LRH hospital in
Peshawar could not decide whether to place her in the male ward or a female ward. This
incident left this question behind if we even treat them like humans and the NGO’s started
taking active measures to help them give their basic rights as a citizen. [ CITATION Kam17 \l 1033 ]

 Social Acceptance of Transgender in Pakistani society

In Pakistani society the transgender people commonly known as Hijra, Murat, Khawaja sara,
and khusra had the lowest degree of rights or honor in Pakistan. One major factor for the high
unacceptance rate of transgender people is the low literacy rate of our country. The rejection is
up to this extends that people are ashamed if a transgender is born in their family and they give
their child away to transgender.(Kamran Siddiqui & Gang, 2017)

 Survival of transgender in Pakistani society

The transgender people were deprived of their basic rights of living like respectable sources to
earn living, no quality education, medical treatments, sex abuse, residence issues and other
personal issues. Due to these reasons they were left with no option but to opt for dancing,
street walking and prostitution to earn living and were forced to live in colonies in outskirts of
cities. Even in extreme cases of criminal victimization and sexual harassment they were not
given any security.[ CITATION Kam17 \l 1033 ]

 Cases of attack on transgender women in Pakistan which enforced the supreme court to introduce
laws for transgender for their security and social acceptance
In 2009 the supreme court of Pakistan introduced for the first time laws in the Pakistani law
leading to the protection and social acceptance of transgender in the society. These laws
included giving them a right to national identity card, right of employment, reserving specific
quota of specific positions in government offices etc.
A few of the cases which were highlighted in reports and led to these measures are briefly
listed below.
I. A transgender woman named sumbal who was shot three times in the abdomen while
showing resistance to abduction and rape in Abbottabad on August 9, 2016.The district
hospital refused to admit her and also the police refused to register her case.[ CITATION
Pak16 \l 1033 ]
II. A case by the president of shemale association named Farzana jan in mardan in 2015 was
brought to notice where a shemale was taken to police station, forcedly removed her
clothes, ordered her to dance and poured cold water on her.[ CITATION Pak16 \l 1033 ]
III. Ayesha a 22 year old transgender woman was threatened by the mob and also robbed her.
The accused in his justification quoted that she was spreading vulgarity.[ CITATION Pak16 \l
1033 ]
IV. 26 year old transgender women’s house named arzu in Peshawar was set to fire.[ CITATION
Pak16 \l 1033 ]

The laws that were introduced for the safety, protection and social acceptance of transgender
were further improvised due to the occurrences of the above mention cases. The following
additions were further made to these laws.

I. The Supreme Court directed provincial social welfare departments to improve the civil
registration process for transgender people and allow them to register as a third gender.
The court directed provincial governments to submit reports on the conditions for
transgender people in the provinces, instructing authorities to include transgender people in
voter lists and to protect their inheritance rights. The court also ordered the relevant
authorities to ensure the right of transgender people to basic education, employment, and
protection.
II. Some local governments have carried out parts of the court's order, including by creating
employment programs – for example by hiring hijras, a term for some transgender women –
as tax collectors in Karachi.
III. In June 2016, the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa provincial government said that it had allocated
PKR200 million (US$2 million approximately) for the welfare of transgender people in the
province.
IV. Former Chief Justice of Pakistan Saqib Nisar announced that he would provide jobs to two
transgender in the Supreme Court of Pakistan. For the very first time, Pakistan’s Supreme
Court will hire two transgender to give them their rights in the Muslim-majority country.
[ CITATION Zaf19 \l 1033 ]
 A social change is brought by the Pakistani law where transgender are now accepted by the
society.

After the implementation of these laws a social change can be seen where transgender are now
accepted by the society and are opting for careers to work between them as a third gender
without being discriminated. The following cases are listed below which will help to support this
opinion.

I. Once excluded from the society, the transgender are now a part of the Pakistan
parliament.Nadeem kashish, a 33 year old transgender is running an office in Islamabad.
[ CITATION Onc18 \l 1033 ]
II. One reason for the growing acceptance of the trans community springs from an unlikely source -
Pakistan’s mullahs. The Council of Islamic Ideology, a government body that has deemed nine-
year-old girls old enough to marry and approves the right of men to “lightly” beat their wives,
has offered some support to trans rights.Its chair, Dr Qibla Ayaz, noted a trans person, Heet,
appears in the hadith. [CITATION Onc18 \l 1033 ]
III. Transgender people can apply for a driving license, passport and other official documents using
their chosen identities.[ CITATION Moh18 \l 1033 ]
IV. Bank accounts are being opened using forms with a space for a third gender. Under new
government policy, transgender people can avail interest-free loans.[ CITATION Moh18 \l 1033 ]
V. Shahzadi Rai is based in Karachi, Pakistan and after years of struggles, she runs her own
organization called PECHRA working to end discrimination and violence against transgender and
lesbian women.[ CITATION Pic18 \l 1033 ]
VI. In order to promote people friendly atmosphere in police stations, the Sindh government has
announced to offer 5% jobs in Sindh police to transgender.[Police person in sukkhur named
sohail jokhio told dawn news.[ CITATION Ali19 \l 1033 ]
REFERENCES:
https://onlinenewspaperlist.com/pakistan

https://theasiadialogue.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/mapping-digital-media-pakistan-
20130902.pdf

http://scholar.google.com.pk/scholar_url?
url=http://librelloph.com/ojs/index.php/mediaandcommunication/article/download/MaC-
1.1.2/pdf&hl=en&sa=X&scisig=AAGBfm0YuqXgg_G1E1Lfp4mcf7sJ0aMwCQ&nossl=1&oi=scholarr

https://qz.com/416416/we-now-spend-more-than-eight-hours-a-day-consuming-media/

www.whatis.techtarget.com/definition/digitization

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digitizing

https://www.omicsonline.org/open-access/changing-paradigms-of-media-landscape-in-the-digital-age-
2165-7912.1000110.php?aid=4210

https://www.digitaltonto.com/2018/why-the-future-isnt-digital/

https://www.accenture.com/_acnmedia/pdf-97/accenture-technology-vision-2019-executive-final-
brochure.pdf