Earlier some workers also

reported these species in

different region of the
country. Kumar e
Plankton has an essential role in the fluctuations happening in the naturalistic survival
rates of fish juvenile and larvae and the consequent effects on the adult fish stock. In
another mean, tiny organisms control the development of the future fish stock. As
larvae grow, many become less dependent on plankton, thereby reducing mortality
rates with age.

Fish growth and mortality can vary significantly under normal conditions. The laying of
expansive number of eggs from which just a few can survive and grow up to become
adults is a typical r-strategy. The larva success will be decided by its surrounding
environmental conditions and plankton abundance and not by the quantity of parent
stock. At many lower survival levels, there is a density reliance where the amount of the
available food to each individual plays a fundamental role in determining how many
will survive additionally, the production of live food is related to fish nourishment type
and it is also a densityindependent operation. Ordina

Plankton have direct and indirect impact on the fisheries’ healthiness as they are
considered a direct food for some planktivorous fish or because phytoplankton and
zooplankton development (plankton-rich water) leads to the flourishment of the
fouling community.

Predation relationship

Plankton as indicators of fishery

Food chain relations

Trophic levels

 Fishery management
Earlier some workers also
reported these species in
different region of the
country. Kumar e
Earlier some workers also
reported these species in
different region of the
country. Kumar e

INTRODUCTION :

Zooplanktons are cosmopolitan in nature and they are found to

inhabit all freshwater habitats of the world, including polluted
industrial and municipal wastewaters. Zooplanktons are not only
useful as bioindicators to help us to detect pollution load.
Zooplanktons are a diverse group of heterotrophic organisms that
consume phytoplankton, regenerate nutrients via their metabolism,
and transfer energy to higher tropics levels (Steinberg and Robert,
2009). It plays an important role in recycling nutrients as well as
cycling energy within their respective environment. These are the
main sources of natural food for fish which is directly related to
their survival and growth and are base of food chains and food webs
in all aquatic ecosystems (Miah et.al, 2013). They are the essential
food item of omnivorous and planktivorous fishes and the most
essential for fish larvae culture (Alam et.al., 1987). Zooplankton
Earlier some workers also
reported these species in
different region of the
country. Kumar e
vary from site to site within the same location with similar
ecological conditions and as such both qualitative and quantitative

 Studies of zooplankton in a water body are of great importance

in managing successful aquaculture operation (Boyd, 1982).
Zooplankton communities respond to a wide variety of
disturbances including nutrient loading, acidification, and
sediment input etc. It is a well-suited tool for understanding
water pollution status (Contreras et al., 2009). Though
numerous works on Zooplankton diversity are being reported
from different parts of India .Detailed study on Zooplanktons
were carried out by several workers during last few decades.
Some latest investigations on zooplankton diversity and
aquatic health has been carried out by Dhembare (2011),
Purushothamaet al. (2011), Shivashankar et al. (2013), Go
swami and Mankodi, (2012), Dede and Deshmukh (2015). In
Himachal Pradesh only few researches were carried out on
plank tonic communities. R. K. Thakur, 
 R. Jindal, 
 Uday Bhan Singh & 

A. S. Ahluwalia studiedPlankton diversity and water quality assessment of

three freshwater lakes of Mandi (Himachal Pradesh, India) with special
reference to planktonic indicators

Chauhan (1993) studied seasonal fluctuation of zooplanktons in

Renuka Lake in Himachal Pradesh. Future study is aimed at
Earlier some workers also
reported these species in
different region of the
country. Kumar e
assessing and reviewing zooplankton fauna of Beas river water in
the district of Kangra.

OBJECTIVES:

I. To study some physico-chemical parameters of the river and

make a comparative account.
II. To determine the meso- and macrozooplakton diversity,
evenness, and species richness in the river Beas.
III. To study the ichthyofaunal diversity of the rivers.
IV. To determine the relationship between physico-chemical
factors and biota (zooplankton and fish) of the rivers.
V. To suggest some suitable steps for better management of
the water bodies.

AREAS OF STUDY WITH REFERENCE TO BEAS

RIVER:
The river rises 4,361 meters (14,308 ft) above sea-level on the
southern face of Rohtang Pass in Kullu. It traverses the Mandi
District and enters the Kangra District at Sandhol, 590 meters
(1,940 ft) above sea-level. During its lower course the Beas is
crossed by numerous ferries, many of which consist of inflated skins
(darais). Near Reh in Kangra District it divides into three channels,
which reunite after passing Mirthal, 300 meters (980 ft) above sea-
level. On meeting the Sivalik Hills in Hoshiarpur, the river sweeps
sharply northward, forming the boundary with Kangra District.
Earlier some workers also
reported these species in
different region of the
country. Kumar e
Then bending round the base of the Sivalik Hills, it takes the
southerly direction, separating the districts of Gurdaspur and
Hoshiapur. After touching the Jalandhar district for a short distance,
the river forms the boundary between Amritsar and Kapurthala.
Finally the Beas joins the river Sutlej at the south-western boundary
of Kapurthala district of Punjab after a total course of 470
kilometers (290 mi). The chief tributaries are Bain, Banganga, Luni
and Uhal. . Total length of this river is 470kms and its
drainage
2
basin is 20,303 km .

The water of the Beas river is allocated to India under the terms of
the Indus Waters Treaty between India and Pakistan.[  The mean
annual flow is 14.203 million acre feet (MAF).

District Kangra is situated in the western Himalayan

ranges (31° 2 to 32°Nand 75° to 77°45 E).
2
The district has a geographical area of 5739 km and the
altitude ranges from 427 to 6401m MSL.
District has considerable divers in term of topographic
conditions.
RESEARCH METHODS :
1)PHYSICAL PARAMETERS:
Earlier some workers also
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country. Kumar e
A)ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE AND WATER
TEMPERATURE
B)TRANSPERANCY
C)DEPTH
2)CHEMICAL PARAMETERS :
A)PH
B)DISSOLVED OXYGEN
C)BIOTIC PARAMETERS :
1)QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF
ZOOPLANKTON : Zooplankton was collected
quantitatively using a plankton net (opening diameter 30 
cm, length 70 cm, and mesh size of 60 μm). The net was
towed for a distance of 10 m on the surface of the water
at dusk. To minimize variation in sampling efficiency
across samples, velocity and length of tows were similar
and the net was washed between each tow to prevent
clogging .The zooplankton collected was anesthetized
with commercial sparkling water and preserved in 4%
formalin. Sucrose was added to the preserved sample to
prevent female cladocerans from losing eggs and to
minimize carapace distortion. In the laboratory, three
sub-samples were taken from each habitat sample and all
individuals were identified . and counted in a Sedgewick
Rafter counting cell (1 mL), and the density was
calculated. Only rotifers, cladocerans, and copepods were
considered in the present study.
2)STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
Earlier some workers also
reported these species in
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3)ICHTHYOFAUNAL DIVERSITY :

workers also reported these

species in different region of
the country. Kumar et al.
(2012) reported most of the
species (Paramecium
caudatum, Euglena sp.,
Keratella tropica,
Brachionus bidentata,
Daphnia carinata) in
Himalayan water. In Indian
desert water most of
zooplanktonic species were
reported by Sharma et al.
Earlier some workers also
reported these species in
different region of the
country. Kumar e
(2013), Poonam lataet al.
(2012) and Sharma
et al. (2012). In other part
of the country rotifer,
crustaceans and
zooplanktonic species were
recorded by Arora (1966),
Sharma (1986), Saxena and
Sharma (1981) and Pejaver
and Somani
(2014). Rotifers species in
Himalayan region were also
reported by Wanganeo et al.
(1996) and
Earlier some workers also
reported these species in
different region of the
country. Kumar e
Wanganeo and Wanganeo
(2006). Paramecium species in
Himalayan water were also
recorded by
Vass et al. (1989).
3)ICHTHYOFAUNAL
In Himachal Pradesh 61 species of fish observed, belongs into 13
families. The species wise and family wise distribution is Notopteridae
(02), Cyprinidae (36), Cobitidae (05), Siluridae (02), Bagridae (04),
Amblycipitidae (01), Sisoridae (03), Schilbeidae (01), Belonidae (01),
Muglidae (01), Channidae (03), Anabantidae (01), Mastocembelidae
(01). The major State’s streams includes - Beas, Sutlej, Ravi Tirthan,
Sainj, Uhl, Baspa, Pabar, Lambadug, Giri, Rana, Nugal Gai, Baner, Bata,
etc. The major fishes available in these streams are Trout, Mahseer,
Nemacheilus spp, Barilus sp, Schizothoracids Crossocheilus sp.
Glyptothorax spp. etc. The fish fauna of River Beas include two exotic
fishes namely Salmo trutta fario L. and Onchorhynchus myskiss.
According to Jayaram, (1999) it should be S. gairdnerii gairdnerii
richardsonii) and only one native fish i.e. Schizothorax richardsonii.
Earlier some workers also
reported these species in
different region of the
country. Kumar e
Earlier some workers also
reported these species in
different region of the
country. Kumar et al.
(2012) reported most
of the species
(Paramecium caudatum,
Euglena sp., Keratella
tropica,
Brachionus bidentata,
Daphnia carinata) in
Earlier some workers also
reported these species in
different region of the
country. Kumar e
Himalayan water. In
Indian desert water
most of
zooplanktonic species
were reported by Sharma
et al. (2013), Poonam
lataet al. (2012) and
Sharma
et al. (2012). In other
part of the country
rotifer, crustaceans and
Earlier some workers also
reported these species in
different region of the
country. Kumar e
zooplanktonic species
were
recorded by Arora
(1966), Sharma (1986),
Saxena and Sharma
(1981) and Pejaver and
Somani
(2014). Rotifers species
in Himalayan region were
also reported by
Wanganeo et al. (1996)
and
Earlier some workers also
reported these species in
different region of the
country. Kumar e
Wanganeo and
Wanganeo (2006).
Paramecium species in
Himalayan water were
also recorded by
Vass et al. (1989).
Earlier some workers also
reported these species in
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country. Kumar e
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Earlier some workers also
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Earlier some workers also
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Earlier some workers also
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Earlier some workers also
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Earlier some workers also
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