864 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS—I: REGULAR PAPERS, VOL. 59, NO.
4, APRIL 2012
Ultra-Large Gain Step-Up Switched-Capacitor
DC-DC Converter With Coupled Inductor for
Alternative Sources of Energy
Tsorng-Juu Liang, Senior Member, IEEE, Shih-Ming Chen, Lung-Sheng Yang, Jiann-Fuh Chen, and
Adrian Ioinovici, Fellow, IEEE
Abstract—An ultra-large voltage conversion ratio converter is
proposed by integrating a switched-capacitor circuit with a cou-
pled inductor technology. The proposed converter can be seen as
an equivalent parallel connection to the load of a basic boost con-
verter and a number of forward converters, each one containing a
switched-capacitor circuit. All the stages are activated by the boost
switch. A single active switch is required, with no need of extreme
duty-ratio values. The leakage energy of the coupled inductor is
recycled to the load. The inrush current problem of switched ca-
pacitors is restrained by the leakage inductance of the coupled-in-
ductor. The above features are the reason for the high efficiency
performance. The operating principles and steady state analyses
of continuous, discontinuous and boundary conduction modes are
discussed in detail. To verify the performance of the proposed con-
verter, a 200 W/20 V to 400 V prototype was implemented. The
maximum measured efficiency is 96.4%. The full load efficiency is
95.1%.
Index Terms—Coupled-inductor, high step-up voltage gain,
single switch, switched-capacitor.
I. INTRODUCTION
T HE USE OF alternative sources of energy (fuel and solar
cells) requires a very large step up conversion of their
low voltage to the applications voltage. Conventional boost con-
verter by adjust duty ratio for outputs higher voltage. Theo-
retically, when duty ratio is closed to unit, the voltage gain
will be unlimited [18]. However, the output diode reverse-re-
covery losses and switching losses are large; the equivalent se-
ries resistance (ESR) of capacitors and parasitic resistances of
inductor constrained the voltage gain and efficiency [18]. An-
other approach for high voltage gain is employs the coupled in-
ductor technique, which is the component used to transfer en-
ergy and enlarge voltage conversion ratio in flyback and for-
ward converters. The dc-dc flyback converter inbuilt some ad-
Manuscript received January 21, 2011; revised April 25, 2011, July 03,
2011; accepted August 15, 2011. Date of current version March 28, 2012.
This work was supported by the National Science Council of Taiwan under
Project NSC 98-2221-E-006-247-MY3 and 99-2220-E-006-006-. This paper
was recommended by Associate Editor E. Alarcon.
T.-J. Liang, S.-M. Chen, and J.-F. Chen are with the Department of Electrical
Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan. (e-mail:
tjliang@mail.ncku.edu.tw).
L.-S. Yang is with the Department of Electrical Engineering, Far East Uni-
versity, Tainan, 74448, Taiwan. (e-mail: yanglungsheng@yahoo.com.tw).
A. Ioinovici is with the Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering,
Holon Institute of Technology, Holon 58102, Israel (e-mail: adrian@hit.ac.il).
Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/TCSI.2011.2169886
1549-8328/$31.00 © 2012 IEEE
vantages such as simple structure, easy control, and cost ef-
fectiveness; as a known problem, the leakage inductor energy
of transformer leads to low efficiency and high voltage stress
across the active switch. By using active clamp technique to
recycle the leakage inductor energy from transformer and also
constrains high voltage spike across switch [20], [21]. How-
ever, the trade-off is of higher material cost and a complex con-
trol circuit is required. The nonisolated flyback converter com-
bined diode-capacitor circuits to recycle the energy of leakage
inductor from transformer [16], [17], [30]. Despite the fact that
the efficiency can be improved, the voltage gain is still not large
enough. Some approaches combines input inductor and coupled
inductor to reach higher voltage conversion ratio [22]. How-
ever, the current stress of active switch is high. Two boost con-
verters cascade connection is one of solution for high voltage
gain demand. It usually integrates two boost converters by using
a common switch [19]. However, the output diode reverse-re-
covery problem and the high voltage stress across on switch
are severe. Classical solutions as quadratic converters are rarely
utilized in alternative energy applications, due to their low ef-
ficiency [23]. The interleaved converter has been proposed for
high power and high efficiency applications [24]. Though output
current ripple can be effectively reduced, the material cost and
the dimension of converter will be doubled. In previous years,
the boost converter operated with three-state switching cells
[25], the boost type integrated with the switched-capacitor tech-
nique [1]–[5], [26]; the transformerless dc-dc converters [1], [5],
[9], [27] and transformerless switched-capacitor and switched-
inductors have been proposed in this purpose [1]–[10], [28]. Ca-
pacitor-diode voltage multiplier [11]–[13], [29] was another so-
lution based on the idea of using only capacitors and switches.
Some researchers proposed the use of coupled inductors for
achieving a high voltage gain, but the efficiency of these so-
lutions is limited if a very high conversion ratio is required.
This paper starts from a new basic structure shown in Fig. 1.
It will be extended through the sections of the paper. The basic
structure contains a boost converter with the active switch .
The role of the input inductor is played by the magnetizing in-
ductance of a coupled inductor . Through , the boost cell
is connected to a forward cell. The secondary winding is
integrated into a switched-capacitor circuit formed by two ca-
pacitors and , and two diodes and . The rectifier
connects the forward cell to its output capacitor .
diode
The leakage inductor energy of the coupled inductor is re-
leased to the boost cell output capacitor through diode .
LIANG et al.: ULTRA-LARGE GAIN STEP-UP SWITCHED-CAPACITOR DC-DC CONVERTER 865

Fig. 1. Circuit configuration of proposed converter.

Capacitor in series with capacitor are connected in par- Fig. 2. Simplified circuit model of proposed converter.
allel to the load, such that the load voltage results as a sum of
the output voltages of the two cells.
The proposed converter has several features: 1) the connec-
tion of the two cells, the coupled inductor and the switched-ca-
pacitor circuit give a large step-up voltage conversion ratio; 2)
the source energy is transferred through the coupled inductor to
either the load or switched capacitors during the entire switching
period; 3) the leakage inductor energy of the coupled-inductor
can be recycled, increasing the efficiency. This also has the ben-
efit of reducing the voltage stress on the active switch. The op-
erating principle and steady status analysis are presented in the
following sections. Then, the proposed basic structure is ex-
tended by using a multioutput coupled inductor, and a multi-
stage switched-capacitor cell in each one of the secondary wind-
ings circuits. These solutions appear parts count and costs are
higher than conventional boost converter.

II. OPERATING PRINCIPLE OF THE PROPOSED CONVERTERS

The simplified circuit model of the proposed converter is

shown in Fig. 2. The coupled inductor is represented as a magne-
tizing inductor , primary leakage inductor , and an ideal
transformer. In order to simplify the circuit analysis of the pro-
posed converter, some assumptions are considered:
1) All components are ideal components. Exception is the
leakage inductance of coupled inductor which is taken
into consideration. The on-state resistance and
parasitic capacitances of the main switch are neglected.
The forward voltage drops of the diodes – are also Fig. 3. Some typical waveforms of proposed converters for CCM operation.
neglected.
2) The capacitor – are sufficiently large, such that the A. CCM Operation
voltages across them are considered as constant.
3) The ESR of capacitors – , and the parasitic resistance Mode I [ ]: At , the active switch is turned on. The
of coupled-inductor are neglected. primary energy is transferred to the secondary winding through
The turns ratio of the coupled inductor is equal to the coupled inductor. In this transition interval, the magnetizing
. inductor is under releasing energy condition and the mag-
The operating principle in continuous conduction mode netizing inductor current continues to flow in the same di-
(CCM) is presented in detail. The switching diagram is given rection as in the last configuration of the previous cycle. The
in Fig. 3. There are five operating modes in a switching period. current flow path is shown in Fig. 4(a); switch , diodes
The operating modes are described as follows: and are conducted. The voltage across magnetizing inductor
866 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS—I: REGULAR PAPERS, VOL. 59, NO. 4, APRIL 2012

Fig. 4. Current flow path in five operating modes during one switching period for CCM operation. (a) Mode I. (b) Mode II. (c) Mode III. (d) Mode IV. (e) Mode V.

and primary leakage inductor is . Thus, the magne- switched capacitors and discharge their energy to capac-
tizing inductor is still transferring its energy through cou- itor and load . This mode is ended when switch is turned
pled inductor to charge switched capacitors and ; the off by the PWM at .
, and switched capacitor charging currents and Mode III [ ]: The current flow path is shown in
are decreasing. The secondary winding current is declining Fig. 4(c), diodes and are conducted. The capacitors of
at the same rate as . Meanwhile, is storing energy the switching capacitor stage continue their discharging. The
from so that is increasing. Once the increasing is energy stored in leakage inductor is released through diode
equal to decreasing at , the current drops to zero to the output capacitor . As is designed to be very
from negative values, the currents through diodes and small, drops in a very steep manner. The magnetizing in-
reach zero, and this mode is ended. ductor receives energy from such that the magnetizing
Mode II [ ]: During this interval, the condition of the current is increasing. When the decreasing becomes equal
magnetizing inductor is changed from releasing energy to to increasing drops to zero, this mode ends at .
storing energy from ,. The current changes direction. Mode IV [ ]: During this transition interval, the con-
As a result, the switched capacitors also changed their condi- dition of magnetizing inductor is changed from storing
tion from charging, to discharging energy to output. The current to releasing energy; the switched capacitors also change their
flow path is shown in Fig. 4(b), switch is in continuation in status from discharging to charging because changed its
on-state, and diode is conducted. The currents , direction to negative values. The current flow path is shown
and are increasing because is applied to the primary in Fig. 4(d); switch , diode and are conducted.
winding, and primary leakage inductor and Currents and decrease because the leakage energy is
are storing energy from . The boost cell is in the on-topology, discharged through diode to output capacitor ; is
it does not provide energy to the output capacitor. However, the delivering its energy through the coupled-inductor to charge
LIANG et al.: ULTRA-LARGE GAIN STEP-UP SWITCHED-CAPACITOR DC-DC CONVERTER 867

does not provide energy to the output capacitor. However, the

switched capacitors and discharge their energy to capac-
itor and load . This mode is ended when switch is turned
off by the PWM at .
Mode II [ ]: The current flow path is shown in Fig. 6(b),
diodes and are conducted. The capacitors of the
switching capacitor stage continue their discharging. The en-
ergy stored in leakage inductor is released through diode
to the output capacitor . As is designed to be very
small, drops to zero in a very steep manner. The mag-
netizing inductor receives energy from , such that the
magnetizing current is increasing. When the decreasing
becomes equal to increasing , this mode ends at .
Mode III [ ]: During this transition interval, the condi-
tion of magnetizing inductor is changed from storing to re-
leasing energy; the switched capacitors also change their status
from discharging to charging. The current flow path is shown
in Fig. 6(c); switch , diode and are conducted.
Currents and decrease because the leakage energy is
discharged through diode to output capacitor is de-
livering its energy through the coupled-inductor to charge
capacitors and , this transfer of energy causes to de-
crease; is reversed as the sum of charge currents and
is increasing, the currents and represent the charging
current of the switched capacitors. This mode is ended when
current becomes zero at .
Mode IV [ ]: During this interval, magnetizing inductor
is releasing its energy to the switched capacitors. The cur-
Fig. 5. Some typical waveforms of proposed converter for DCM operation.
rent flow path is shown in Fig. 6(d), the , and are off;
diodes and are conducted. The current is decreasing
capacitors and , this transfer of energy causes to because the magnetizing inductor energy is transferred through
decrease; is reversed as the sum of charge currents the coupled-inductor to and . The energy stored in
and is increasing, the currents and represent the capacitors and assure the load voltage. This mode ends
charging current of the switched capacitors. This mode is ended when current becomes zero at .
when current becomes zero at . Mode V [ ]: During this interval, magnetizing inductor
Mode V [ ]: During this interval, magnetizing inductor is no longer releasing energy. The current flow path is
is releasing its energy to switched capacitors. The current shown in Fig. 6(e), all active components are off, only the
flow path is shown in Fig. 4(e), , and are off; diodes energy stored in capacitors , and supplies the load .
and are conducted. The current is decreasing be- This mode ends when switch turns on at the beginning of
cause the magnetizing inductor energy is transferred through the the next switching period.
coupled-inductor to and . The energy stored in capac-
itors and assure the load voltage. This mode ends when III. STEADY-STATE ANALYSIS OF PROPOSED CONVERTERS
switch is turned on at the beginning of the next switching
period. A. CCM Operation
The energy is transferred from during modes I–IV. As the
B. DCM Operation
duration of the modes I and III are very short, these modes are
The operating principle in discontinuous conduction mode neglected in the calculation of the dc voltage conversion gain.
(DCM) is presented in detail. Fig. 5 depicts several typical To simplify the steady-state analysis, the leakage inductances
waveforms during five operating modes in one switching at secondary and primary sides are neglected. The following
period. The operating modes are described as follows: equations can be written from Fig. 4(b):
Mode I [ ]: During this interval, the condition of magne-
tizing inductor is of charging energy from ; the switched (1)
capacitors are discharging their energy to output. The current (2)
flow path is shown in Fig. 6(a), switch is in continuation in
on-state, and diode is in conduction. The currents , During mode IV, the following equations can be written:
and are increasing because is applied to the primary
winding and primary leakage inductor and are (3)
storing energy from . The boost cell is in the on-topology, it (4)
868 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS—I: REGULAR PAPERS, VOL. 59, NO. 4, APRIL 2012

Fig. 6. Current flow path in five operating modes during one switching period in DCM operation. (a) Mode I. (b) Mode II. (c) Mode III. (d) Mode IV. (e) Mode V.

Applying a volt-second balance on the magnetizing inductor The output voltage results as the sum of
, we get (7) and (9), giving the dc voltage gain

(5) (10)

The plot of voltage gain as function of duty ratio

(6) of the proposed converter is compared with that of available
converters [13], [14] and [17] in Fig. 7. For all of them, the same
from where the voltage across capacitor and (which, ac- conditions are considered: CCM operation and .
cording to our initial assumptions, are considered to be constant During CCM operation, the voltage stresses on and
during a switching period) are obtained – are given as

(7) (11)

(12)
(8)

Substituting (3), (4) and (7) into (8) yields B. DCM Operation
To simplify the steady-state analysis, just modes II and IV
(9) are considered at DCM operation; and the leakage inductors at
LIANG et al.: ULTRA-LARGE GAIN STEP-UP SWITCHED-CAPACITOR DC-DC CONVERTER 869

Fig. 8. Boundary condition of of proposed converter under .

Fig. 7. Voltage gain versus duty ratio of the proposed converter and other con- (the peak current of magnetizing inductor) and the av-
verters [13], [14], and [17] under CCM operation and .
erage value of the output current are given by

secondary and primary sides are neglected. The following equa-

tions can be written from Fig. 6(b). When switch is turned (23)
on, the voltage across inductors and secondary winding
are (24)

substituting (22) and (23) into (24) yields

(13)
(14) (25)

When switch is turned off, the voltage across inductors

and secondary winding are The normalized magnetizing inductor time constant is
defined as
(15)
(26)
(16)

is the period in which the current declined from where is the switching frequency. Substituting (26) into (25)
peak current to zero. Considering the voltage across , and one can obtain the voltage gain of the proposed converter in
secondary winding ,one can write the volt-second balance DCM,

(17) (27)

(18)
C. BCM Condition
allowing to derive the voltages of , and output voltage as
When the proposed converter is operating in boundary con-
duction mode (BCM), the voltage gain of CCM and DCM oper-
(19) ation are equaled. Using (10) and (27), the boundary normalized
magnetizing inductor time constant can be expressed as
(20)
(28)
(21)
The curve of is plotted in Fig. 8. Once the is higher
From (21) one can obtain than the boundary curve , the proposed converter is oper-
ated in CCM. Fig. 9 shows the turn ratio and magnetizing in-
(22) ductance as function of various for the proposed converter;
voltage gain is 20.
870 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS—I: REGULAR PAPERS, VOL. 59, NO. 4, APRIL 2012
Fig. 9. The magnetizing inductor and turn ratio as function of duty ratio
.
Fig. 10. Multistage diode-capacitor voltage multiplier based converter.
IV. GENERALIZATION OF THE BASIC PROPOSED STRUCTURE
A. Multistage Diode-Capacitor Voltage Multiplier Integrated
with Coupled-Inductor Converter
The switched-capacitor circuit considered in the basic struc-
ture (two capacitors and two diodes) can be extended to a mul-
tistage circuit, and combined with the proposed basic converter
would yield a much higher voltage conversion ratio.
Fig. 10 shows a multistage switched-capacitor multiplier in-
serted in the circuit of the secondary winding of the coupled-in-
ductor in the proposed converter. It contains diode-capac-
itor cells. is the dc voltage gain during CCM operation,
and denotes the output voltage of this converter
(29)
(30)
B. Multiple Secondary Windings Coupled-Inductor Proposed
Converter With Switched-Capacitor Circuit
A multiwindings coupled inductor, with each secondary
winding inserted into a switched-capacitor voltage multi-
plier circuit is added to the basic building block proposed
in Section I, as shown in Fig. 11. The output voltage of this
Fig. 11. The integrated switched-capacitor circuit—multiple secondary wind-
ings coupled-inductor converter.
generalized structure, denoted by is presented in (31),
the dc voltage gain, , is obtained as (32), where is the
number of secondary windings of the coupled-inductor. Each
building cell has a similar turn ratio
(31)
(32)
C. Ultra-Large DC Gain Generalized Converter
The above two options of generalizing the basic structure
given at the beginning in Fig. 1 can be combined to yield an
ultra-high dc voltage conversion ratio converter. In Fig. 12,
the generalized proposed converter is shown. Besides the basic
boost converter, it contains a multiwinding coupled inductor.
Each one of the secondary windings of the coupled-inductor
is integrated with a multistage switched-capacitor voltage
multiplier. The converter load voltage is formed by the sum
of the voltages on the boost stage output capacitor and the
output capacitors of all switched-capacitor blocks associated
with the secondary windings of the coupled inductor. Note
that this complex structure is still controlled by a single active
switch, i.e., the control circuit contains no additional circuitry
compared with that used in a classical boost converter.
The output voltage is presented as (33), the dc voltage gain of
the multiwinding multiswitched-capacitor, , is obtained
as (34), where is the number of secondary windings of the
LIANG et al.: ULTRA-LARGE GAIN STEP-UP SWITCHED-CAPACITOR DC-DC CONVERTER 871

voltage multiplier coupled-inductor converter is higher than that

of [15] through entire duty range.

V. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS
A 200-W prototype is presented to verify the practicability of
the proposed converter. The electrical specifications are
V, V, kHz, the full load resistance
. The major components have been chosen as
F, F, and F; the active switch
is a MOSFET IXFK180N15P, the diodes , and are
SUF30G, and the MBR30H100C is selected to .
With reference to Fig. 9, when the duty ratio is about
0.56. The boundary normalized magnetizing inductor time con-
stant is obtained as 0.00056 by (35). For the proposed
converter to operate in CCM at 50% of the full load, the load
resistance . The boundary magnetizing inductance
is obtained

(35)

The actual inductance of magnetizing inductor of coupled

inductor is measured as 18.6 H. The boundary magnetizing
inductance also can be obtained by Fig. 9.
The experimental current waveforms are measured and
shown in Fig. 14. Fig. 14(a) shows the waveform of input
current , and the current and voltage across switch
Fig. 12. The generalized proposed converter. . The current waveforms of diodes and are
shown in Fig. 14(b). The and represent the charging
currents of the switched capacitors; we can notice no inrushing
and steep peak current. Fig. 15 shows voltage waveforms
of input, output, diodes , , , and . The and
. These experimental waveforms agree with the operating
principle and the steady-state analysis.
To estimate the efficiency of proposed converter should anal-
ysis and calculate diversely losses inside of proposed converter.
The converter loss includes conduction loss and switching loss
of the active switch, the conduction loss of diodes, and magnetic
losses [29]. The active switch RMS current and conduction loss
can be approximately determined as

(36)

Fig. 13. Voltage gain versus duty ratio of two proposed generalized converters (37)
and [15] under CCM operation and , and .

The conduction resistance of IXFK180N15P is 11 m . The

coupled-inductor; is the number of diode-capacitor cells. voltage and current across active switch during turn-off commu-
The turn ratio to each building block is the same. tation is 100 V and 20 A within 60 ns, Fig. 14(a); the switching
loss can be yielded as
(33)

(34)
The voltage gain of the above three generalized converters
and that of a three windings converter [15] are shown in Fig. 13.
The proposed generalized converter features the highest voltage
gain. Even the voltage gain of the integrated diode-capacitor
(38)
The conduction loss of diodes can be in application with
diode forward voltage and current. The forward voltage of
diode, SUF30G is 1.8 V and MBR30H100C is 0.94 V; the
872 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS—I: REGULAR PAPERS, VOL. 59, NO. 4, APRIL 2012

Fig. 14. Experimental waveforms are measured at the condition kHz,

V and output 200 W. (a) , and . (b) ,
and .

average current flows through , and are approx-

imately 0.5 A. The total conduction losses of diodes
and is obtained
Fig. 15. The measurement voltage waveforms of input, output, diodes
, and .
(39)
(40)

The enameled wire loss and core loss of EER-59 transformer

is about 2 W. The estimated conversion efficiency of proposed
converter can be derived

(41)

In order to the energy of leakage inductor has been recycled
to , it makes voltage spike across main switch below 100
V, and the lower ON-state resistance MOSFET can be selected.
The lower voltage spike resulted in lower switching losses on
the active switch. When the conduction losses and switching
losses are increased, that will significantly decrease converter
efficiency. Fig. 16 shows that the maximum efficiency is up to
96.4% at about half load; the full load efficiency reached 95.1%,
which is close to the estimated efficiency 95.8 % by (41).
Fig. 16. Measured efficiency of proposed converter.
VI. CONCLUSION
An integrated switched-capacitor step-up dc-dc converter
with coupled inductor is presented. It achieves a high step-up
voltage gain. Since the energy of the leakage inductor of the
coupled inductor can be recycled, the voltage stress across the
main switch is constrained, allowing for the selection of
a switch with a lower ON-state resistance . These
LIANG et al.: ULTRA-LARGE GAIN STEP-UP SWITCHED-CAPACITOR DC-DC CONVERTER
two merits contribute to the good efficiency of the proposed
converter. A single active switch is required, implying a very
simple control circuit. The inrush current problem of the
switched-capacitor circuit has been well restrained by the
leakage inductance of the coupled inductor. The basic proposed
converter can be generalized for obtaining an ultra-high dc
voltage gain, as is necessary in some applications. According
to the experimental results on the basic proposed converter, the
load voltage is up to 20 times the line voltage, what is higher
than what can be obtained in other converters with similar
complexity. The maximum efficiency 96.4% is measured at
half load; the full-load efficiency is 95.1%.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The authors gratefully acknowledge financial support from
the National Science Council of Taiwan.
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Tsorng-Juu (Peter) Liang (M’93–SM’10) was born
in Kaohsiung, Taiwan. He received the B.S. degree in
electrophysics from National Chiao-Tung University,
Hsinchu, Taiwan, in 1985 and the M.S. and Ph.D. de-
grees in electrical engineering from the University of
Missouri, Columbia, in 1990 and 1993, respectively.
He was the Director of Electrical Laboratories at
NCKU from 2001 to 2004. He is currently a Professor
of Electrical Engineering and Director of Green
Energy Electronics Research Center (GEERC),
National Cheng-Kung University (NCKU), Tainan,
Taiwan. He is also on the Board of Directors for Compucase Enterprise Co.,
Ltd and Catcher Technology Co., Ltd. He has authored or coauthored 50
journal and more than 100 conference papers. His research interests include
high efficiency power converters, high efficiency lighting systems, renewable
energy conversion, and power ICs design.
Dr. Liang received Outstanding Engineer, The Chinese Institute of Electrical
Engineering, Kaohsiung Chapter and Outstanding Professor Award, Taiwan
Power Electronics Conference in 2008. In 2010, he received Teaching Excel-
lence Award, National Cheng Kung University and Outstanding Engineers
Professor Award, The Chinese Institute of Electrical Engineering, Kaohsiung
Branch. Currently, he is the Associate Editor of IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON
POWER ELECTRONICS, the Associate Editor of IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON
CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS—PART I: REGULAR PAPERS, and the Technical
Committee Chair of IEEE CAS Systems Power and Energy Circuits and
Systems Technical Committee. He is a member of the IEEE Societies of
Power Electronics, Industrial Electronics, Circuits and Systems, and Industrial
Applications.
874 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS—I: REGULAR PAPERS, VOL. 59, NO. 4, APRIL 2012
Shih-Ming (Orion) Chen was born in Tainan,
Taiwan. He received the B.S. and Ph.D. degree in
electrical engineering from National Cheng-Kung
University, Tainan, Taiwan, in 2003 and 2011,
respectively.
From 1991 to 1995, he was employed as a Re-
search and Design Engineer at LUMIN Electronics,
Taiwan. From 1995 to 1999, he was employed as a
Section Manager of the engineer department at Delta
Electronics, Inc., Taiwan. From 1999 to 2002, he was
employed as a manager in charge of the Tainan R&D
Center at Sino-American Electronic Co., LTD., Taiwan. Since 2002, he has
worked as a Section Manager at Product Development of LCD-TV Head Di-
vision, CHIMEI Optoelectronics Corp. Since 2009, he has rejoined Delta Elec-
tronics as senior manager in the division of LCD display power. Now, he is
an Assistant Professor of Green Energy Electronics Research Center (GEERC)
in the Department of Electrical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University,
Tainan. His research interests are dc to dc converters, photovoltaic inverter,
switching power supply, uninterrupted power system, CCFL/EEFL inverter de-
sign, and LED driver and chromatics control.
Lung-Sheng Yang was born in Tainan, Taiwan,
in 1967. He received the B.S. degree in electrical
engineering from National Taiwan Institute of Tech-
nology, Taipei, in 1990, the M.S. degree in electrical
engineering from National Tsing Hua University,
Hsinchu, Taiwan, in 1992, and the Ph.D. degree in
electrical engineering from National Cheng Kung
University, Tainan, in 2007.
He is currently with the Department of Electrical
Engineering, Far East University, Tainan, where he
is an Assistant Professor. His research interests are
power factor correction, dc Vdc converters, and renewable energy conversion.
Jiann-Fuh Chen (S’79–M’80) was born in
Chung-Hua, Taiwan, in 1955. He received the B.S.,
M.S., and Ph.D. degrees in electrical engineering
from National Cheng Kung University, Tainan,
Taiwan (NCKU) in 1978, 1980 and 1985, respec-
tively.
Since 1980, he has been with the Department of
Electrical Engineering at NCKU, where he is cur-
rently a Professor. His research interests are power
electronics and energy conversion.
Adrian Ioinovici (M’84–SM’85–F’04) received the
degree in electrical engineering and the Dr.Eng. de-
gree from Polytechnic University, Iasi, Romania, in
1974 and 1981, respectively.
In 1982, he joined the Holon Institute of Tech-
nology, Holon, Israel, where he is currently a
Professor in the Electrical and Electronics Engi-
neering Department. He served for several terms as
Head of the Department and in 2007 as Dean of the
Engineering Faculty. During 1990–1995 he was a
Reader and then a Professor in the Electrical Engi-
neering Department, Hong Kong Polytechnic University. His research interests
are in the simulation of power electronics circuits, switched-capacitor-based
converters and inverters, soft-switching dc power supplies, and three-level
converters. He is the author of the book Computer-Aided Analysis of Active
Circuits (Marcel Dekker, 1990) and of the chapter “Power Electronics” in the
Encyclopedia of Physical Science and Technology (Academic, 2001). He has
published more than 150 papers in circuit theory and power electronics.
Prof. Ioinovici has served a few terms as Chairman of the Technical Com-
mittee on Power Systems and Power Electronics of the IEEE Circuits and
Systems Society (CAS-S). He served repetitive terms as an Associate Editor for
Power Electronics of the IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS—I
and as an Associate Editor for Power Electronics of the Journal of Circuits,
Systems, and Computers. He served as an IEEE CAS Society Distinguished
Lecturer from 1999 to 2002. He has been an Overseas Advisor of the IEICE
Transactions, Japan. He was chairman of the Israeli chapter of the IEEE
CAS-Society between 1985 and 1990, and served as General Chairman of the
Conferences ISCSC’86, ISCSC’88 (Herzlya, Israel), SPEC’94 (Hong Kong),
organized and chaired special sessions in Power Electronics at ISCAS’91,
ISCAS’92, ISCAS’95, ISCAS’2000, and was a member of the Technical
Program Committee at the Conferences ISCAS’91–ISCAS’95, ISCAS’06,
PESC92–PESC95, track chairman at ISCAS’96, ISCAS’99–ISCAS’2005,
co-chairman of the Special Session’s Committee at ISCAS’97, chaired sessions
at almost all ISCAS in the years 1991–2011, member of technical committee
and session chair at PESC’06–PESC’08, international program committee
member IASTED 2004–IASTED 2010, international advisory committee
member IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications ICIEA
2006–2009, of International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference
IPEMC 2009, and of the International Symposium on Power Electronics for
Distributed Generation Systems PEDG 2010, co-chairman of the Tutorial Com-
mittee at ISCAS’06, and co-chair, Special Session Committee at ISCAS’10,
Paris. He was a Guest Editor of special issues of the IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON
CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS—I (August 1997 and August 2003) and a special issue
on Power Electronics of Journal of Circuits, System and Computers (August
2003). He is invited to give the keynote speech at the 19th China Power Supply
Society Conference (CPSSC’2011), November 2011, Shanghai, China. He is in
great demand as a lecturer; he gave seminars at many universities in the United
States, Canada, Brazil, Europe, South Korea, China, and Japan.