A.

Definition of Nursing Interventions

Nursing interventions are actions designed to assist clients in moving from the
current level of health to the desired level in the expected results. (Gordon, 1994).

Nursing orders are all actions of care that the nurse takes on behalf of the client.
These actions include interventions initiated by nurses, doctors, or collaborative
interventions. (McCloskey & Bulechek, 1994).

B. Intervention Type
There are three categories of nursing interventions, namely, interventions initiated
by nurses, doctors, and collaborative interventions. Selection categories are based on
client needs. One client may need all of the three categories, while another client may
only require interventions initiated by nurses and doctors.
1. Nurse intervention
Nurse intervention is the nurse's response to the client's health care needs
and nursing diagnoses. This type of intervention is "An act of autonomy based
on scientific rationale carried out for the benefit of the client in a predictable
manner related to nursing diagnoses and client goals". (Bulechek &
McCloskey, 1994).
This intervention does not require supervision or direction from others.
For example, interventions to increase client knowledge about adequate
nutrition or daily activities related to hygiene are independent nursing actions.
Nurse intervention does not require doctor's instructions or other
professions. Doctors often in their written instructions include independent
nursing interventions. However, under the laws of nursing practice in most
states, nursing actions relating to activities of daily living, health education,
health promotion, and counseling are in the domain of nursing practice.
2. Doctor's Intervention
The doctor's intervention is based on the doctor's response to medical
diagnosis, and the nurse completes the doctor's written instructions. (Bulechek
& McCloskey, 1994). Providing medication, implementing an invasive
procedure, changing dressing, and preparing the client for a diagnostic check
are examples of these interventions.
This intervention is not always within the legal practice of nursing for
nurses to prescribe or instruct these actions, but such interventions are in
nursing practice for nurses to complete these instructions and to concentrate
on the action approach.
For example, the doctor instructs to replace the dressing twice a day,
intravenous medication every 6 hours, and bone scan for Tn. D. The nurse
integrates each of these instructions into the care plan D so these instructions
are carried out safely and efficiently.
 Each doctor's intervention requires specific nursing responsibilities and
knowledge of specific nursing techniques. When administering drugs, the
nurse is responsible for knowing the classification of the drug, its
physiological work, normal dosage, side effects, and nursing interventions
related to the action of the drug or its side effects. Nursing interventions
relating to the administration of medication are based on the doctor's written
instructions.
3. Collaborative Intervention
Collaborative intervention is a therapy that requires knowledge, skills and
expertise from a variety of health care professionals.
For example, Mr. J is a 78-year-old man who has hemiplegia due to a
stroke and also has a long history of dementia. His cognitive function is
limited, he is at risk of experiencing problems related to sensational damage
and mobility, and is unable to independently complete the activities of daily
life. With the aim that Mr. To maintain his current health level, he needs
specific nursing interventions to prevent pressure sores; physical therapy
interventions to prevent musculoskeletal changes due to immobility; and
occupational therapy interventions for food and hygiene needs. This client
care requires coordination of collaborative interventions from various health
care professionals all of which are directed towards the long term goal of
maintaining the level of health J at this time.
Nurse intervention, doctor intervention, and collaborative intervention
require critical nursing assessment and decision making. When facing a
doctor's intervention or collaborative intervention, the nurse does not
automatically implement therapy, but must determine whether the requested
intervention is appropriate for the client.
C. Selection of Nursing Interventions
1. Character of nursing diagnoses
 Interventions must be directed towards altering the etiology or signs and
symptoms associated with the diagnostic table.
 Interventions aimed at changing or eliminating risk factors, which are
associated with nursing diagnoses "Risk factors".

2. Expected Results
Results are stated in terms that can be measured and used to evaluate the effectiveness
of interventions.

3. Basic research
 Review of clinical nursing research related to diagnostic labels and client
issues.
  Review articles describing the use of research findings in similar clinical
settings and environments.
4. Possibility to do
 The interaction of nursing orders with actions that are being given by other
health professionals.
 Costs: Do interventions have value that is clinically and cost effective?
 Time: Is time and energy resources handled properly?

5. Client acceptance
 The action plan must be in line with the client's goals and the value of the
client's health care.
 Nursing goals are decided mutually.
 Clients must be able to take care of themselves or have people who can help
in health care.

6. Competence of nurses
 Knowledgeable about scientific rational interventions.
 Have the physiological and psychomotor skills needed to complete an
intervention.
 The ability to function in the environment and effectively and efficiently use
health care resources.

D. Intervention Requirements
1. Safe and appropriate for the age, health, and condition of the individual.
2. Can be achieved with available resources.
3. In accordance with the values, beliefs and culture of the client.
4. In accordance with other therapies.
5. Based on nursing knowledge and experience or knowledge from relevant science.
6. Meet the standards of care that are determined by state law, professional associations
(American Nurses Association), and institutional policies.

E. Steps for Making Interventions

1. Date and sign the plan. The date the plan is written is important for future
evaluations, reviews, and plans. Nurses' signatures indicate accountability towards
patients and the nursing profession, because the effectiveness of nursing actions can
be evaluated.
2. Use the category title "Nursing Interventions". Include evaluation dates for each
destination.
 3. Use medical symbols or standard language and keywords, not complete sentences to
convey your idea. For example, write "Change position and correct q2h position"
instead of "Change position and correct patient position every 2 hours".
4. Specific, nurses now work in sif with different lengths of time, some work in sif 12
hours and in sif 8 hours, so it is important to mention the specific time of intervention
expected.
5. Refer to the procedure book or other source of information, not include all the steps in
the written plan. For example "See the unit procedures book for tracheostomy care".
6. Adjust the plan to the characteristics of the patient unit by ensuring that the patient's
choices, such as choices about the time of treatment and the method used, are
included.
7. Ensure that the nursing plan combines aspects of prevention and maintenance of
health as well as aspects of recovery.
8. Ensure that the plan contains interventions for continuous patient assessment (eg
inspection of q8h incision).
9. Include collaborative and coordinating activities in the plan. For example, nurses can
write programs to ask nutritionists or physical therapists about specific aspects of
patient care.
10. Include patient discharge plans and home care needs. Nurses need to consult and
make arrangements with community care, social service officers, and specialized
institutions that provide information and equipment needed by patients.

F. Example of Intervention
Case in point:
Patient A came to the hospital saying that she had not been able to defecate in five days.
Such patients rarely drink and eat vegetables. TD 140/90 mmHg, temperature 38.7 ° C,
and pulse is 100 x / minute.

Day /Date No Dx Purpose intervention TTD /Name

April 10, I Objective: After  Recommend Husnul

2020 taking nursing eating fibrous
actions for 1x24 foods.
hours. Patients are  Encourage
expected to be able drinking plenty
to defecate of water.
Normally  Collaborative
analytical giving.
 Measuring TTV.