Diesel Engine Fire Pump Drivers

Class Number 1333

March 1992
 Approval Standard

for

Diesel Engine Fire Pump Drivers

Class Number 1333

March 1992

©1999 Factory Mutual Research Corporation. All rights reserved.

 Foreword

Factory Mutual Research Approvals are intended to verify that the products and services described will meet
stated conditions of performance, safety and quality useful to the ends of property conservation. The purpose of
Factory Mutual Research Approval Standards is to present the criteria for Factory Mutual Research Approval of
various types of products and services, as guidance for Approvals Division personnel, manufacturers, users and
authorities having jurisdiction.

Products submitted for Approval shall demonstrate that they meet the intent of the Approval Standard, and that
quality control in manufacturing shall ensure a consistently uniform and reliable product. Factory Mutual
Research Approval Standards strive to be performance-oriented rather than design-oriented. They are intended
to facilitate technological development.

For examining equipment, materials and services, Factory Mutual Research Approval Standards:
a) must be useful to the ends of property conservation by preventing, limiting or not causing damage
under the conditions stated by the Approval listing; and
b) must be readily identifiable.

Continuance of Approval and Listing depends on compliance with the Approval Agreement, satisfactory per-
formance in the field, on successful re-examinations of equipment, materials, and services as appropriate, and
on periodic follow-up audits of the manufacturing facility.

Factory Mutual Research reserves the right in its sole judgement to change or revise its standards, criteria,
methods, or procedures.
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

I. INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................................................................... 1
II. PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS .................................................................................................................................. 1
2.1 Service Life ....................................................................................................................................................................... 1
2.2 Fuel .................................................................................................................................................................................... 1
2.3 Power Ratings and Speeds ................................................................................................................................................ 2
2.4 Power Takeoff ................................................................................................................................................................... 2
2.5 Instrumentation and Controls ............................................................................................................................................ 2
2.6 Starting System ................................................................................................................................................................. 3
2.7 Charging System ............................................................................................................................................................... 4
2.8 Cooling System ................................................................................................................................................................. 4
2.9 Lubrication System ........................................................................................................................................................... 5
2.10 Induction System ............................................................................................................................................................. 5
III. MARKINGS ............................................................................................................................................................................ 5
IV. EXAMINATION AND TESTS .............................................................................................................................................. 6
4.1 Required Information ........................................................................................................................................................ 6
4.2 Test Facilities ..................................................................................................................................................................... 7
4.3 Testing ............................................................................................................................................................................... 7
APPENDIX I: ENGINE TERMINAL STRIP .......................................................................................................................... 10
APPENDIX II: FORMS 1730 AND 1731 ................................................................................................................................... 11
APPENDIX III: UNITS OF MEASUREMENT ....................................................................................................................... 13
APPENDIX IV: APPROVAL MARKS ...................................................................................................................................... 14
March 1992 1333

I. INTRODUCTION
1.1 This Standard states Factory Mutual requirements for diesel engines used as fire pump drivers.

1.2 Factory Mutual Approval is based upon satisfactory evaluation of the product and the manufacturer in four
major areas:
1.2.1 Examination and tests on production samples are performed to evaluate (1) the suitability of the
product, (2) the proper operation and performance of the product as specified by the manufacturer
and required by Factory Mutual, and, as far as practical, (3) the durability and reliability of the
product.
1.2.2 An examination of manufacturing facilities and audit of quality control procedures is made to
evaluate the manufacturer’s ability to produce the product which is examined and tested. These
examinations are periodically repeated as part of Factory Mutual’s Approved product follow-up
program.
1.2.3 Periodic reexamination of production samples is done to ensure continued conformity to
requirements.
1.2.4 Satisfactory field experience is the final test of Approval. Unsatisfactory field experience may result
in withdrawal of Factory Mutual Approval.

1.3 The requirements of this Standard are intended as guidelines reflecting current Factory Mutual Approval
tests and practices. Diesel engine fire pump drivers which do not precisely conform to these requirements
may be Approved. Conversely, those that do conform may not be Approved if other conditions govern.

1.4 Units of measurement are English System standard units. These are followed by their arithmetic equivalents
in SI units, enclosed in parentheses. Appendix III lists the selected units for quantities dealt with in diesel
engine testing. Conversions to SI units are included.

II. PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS

2.1 Service Life

2.1.1 Diesel engine fire pump drivers are expected to perform reliably under normal application conditions for
a minimum of 2,000 hours or 5 years without an overhaul, whichever comes first.

2.1.2 Each engine shall provide its full rated power output throughout its service.

2.2 Fuel

All approved engines shall operate on diesel fuel meeting one of the American Society for Testing of Materials
(ASTM) Standard D 975, Grades 1-D, 2-D or 4-D. They shall be of the true compression ignition type.

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2.3 Power Ratings and Speeds

2.3.1 Power outputs determined by testing, per Paragraphs 4.3.2 and 4.3.4 shall be adjusted to standard
conditions to compensate for changes in volumetric efficiency by use of the formula:

PSC = Pt 29.38
p √ T + 460
85 + 460
= 1.2585 Pt 1
p
√ T + 460
PSC = Actual power at 500 ft (152 mm) above sea level, standard atmospheric conditions of
85°F (29.4°C) and 29.38 inches of mercury (99 kPa).
Pt = Power obtained in testing under atmospheric conditions of p and T.
p = Ambient pressure in inches of mercury.
T = Ambient temperatures in degrees Fahrenheit.
The equivalent formula for International System units of measurement is:

PSC = Pt 99
p (kPa) √ T (°C) + 273.2
29.4 + 273.2
= 5.6912 Pt 1
p
√ T + 273.2
This formula is founded on the ideal gas laws.

2.3.2 The rated power output for fire pump driver service is increased by 10 percent to determine the actual
power required in testing to justify that rating. The relations are:
PSC = 1.1 × Rated Power or Rated Power = PSC ÷ 1.1
This 10 percent power overrating is required to allow for reliability of performance and for normal
deterioration of output over the anticipated service life.

2.4 Power Takeoff

The engine shall be arranged to allow power takeoff through a flexible coupling directly from the engine’s
rotating element. The flexible coupling may either be connected to a stub shaft or be flange-mounted to the
engine’s rotating element. The power takeoff must be designed to allow the working space required to service
a fire pump when a fire pump is connected directly to the engine.

2.5 Instrumentation and Controls

2.5.1 The following minimum instrumentation shall be installed in a panel and mounted on the engine by the
manufacturer.
A. A tachometer shall be provided to indicate engine speed. If the tachometer is not of the totalizing type,
an hour meter shall be provided to indicate total time of operation.
B. An oil pressure gauge shall be provided to indicate engine lubricant pressure.
C. A temperature gauge shall be provided. Liquid-cooled engines shall be equipped with a temperature
gauge to monitor the primary coolant loop temperature. Air-cooled engines shall be equipped with a
temperature gauge monitoring either that lubricant temperature or the engine’s external surface tem-
perature in the area nearest the point of combustion.
D. When electrical starting is used a gauge shall be provided to indicate either charging system current
direction and magnitude (an ammeter) or battery state of charge (a voltmeter). If pneumatic starting is
used, this instrument may be omitted.

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E. An air pressure gauge shall be provided when pneumatic starting is used. This gauge shall monitor air
reservoir pressure.
F. Unless locally mounted elsewhere on the engine, all required control devices, switches, and indicator
lamps shall also be mounted in the engine panel. Any locally mounted devices must be securely
fastened to the engine, readily accessible, and wired to the junction box.

2.5.2 The instrument panel shall be securely mounted to the engine by the manufacturer in a location that does
not subject operating personnel to unreasonable hazard from hot surfaces or moving parts of the engine,
pump, or power transmission equipment. Mounting shall be such as to protect the instruments from the
effects of vibration, heat, or mechanical damage.

2.5.3 Each Approved engine shall be equipped with an adjustable speed governor to maintain the engine speed
within plus or minus ten percent of each Approved speed. The governor shall be preset by the manufacturer
to provide the required regulation at the Approved speed for which the particular engine is ordered.

2.5.4 An overspeed shutdown switch shall be provided to shut down an engine which exceeds 120 percent of
its setting. The switch shall require manual resetting.

2.5.5 A cooling system high temperature switch shall be provided to monitor one of the temperatures specified
in Paragraph 2.5.1 C. This temperature switch shall be arranged to close at a temperature level indicating
inadequate engine cooling.

2.5.6 A lubricant low pressure switch shall be provided and arranged to close at a lubricant pressure level which
indicates inadequate engine lubrication.

2.5.7 An adjustable, manual throttle shall be provided. It shall be designed to provide positive locking for any
setting, such that tools are required either for access to the adjustment or to actually make the speed
adjustment. Other tamper-resistant measures are Approvable if they provide equivalent security against
accidental or unauthorized re-adjustment of speed setting.

2.5.8 All control devices shall be rigidly attached to the engine. Any devices which must be wired to an
Approved controller shall be wired to a junction box. All wiring shall be harnessed or suitably enclosed
and protected from mechanical, thermal, or engine fluids damage. The wiring shall be connected to
terminals in the junction box which correspond to the standard scheme shown in Appendix I, and the
junction box shall be rigidly attached to the engine. The terminals and junction box shall be arranged to
facilitate external wiring to the engine controller.

2.6 Starting System

2.6.1 Engines shall be equipped with a starting system having the capacity to provide a minimum six-minute
(15 seconds intermittent cranking with 15 seconds rest) cycle at full rated cranking speed at 40°F (4.4°C)
ambient temperature. Termination of cranking, when initiated by an automatic controller, shall be con-
trolled by a crank-overspeed monitoring device or other means of affording equivalent reliability of start
monitoring. The starting system shall be compatible with the Approved automatic controllers and shall also
allow manual emergency starting in the event of controller failure.

2.6.2 The manufacturer shall specify the capacities of all auxiliary equipment required for starting even when
such equipment is to be provided by others. This auxiliary equipment includes storage batteries, air
reservoirs, connecting cables, piping, etc... When storage batteries are required for starting, two identical
batteries shall be specified, each capable of independently meeting the requirements of Paragraph 2.6.1.
Other starting methods shall provide equivalent redundancy of starting energy storage.

2.6.3 Approved automatic controllers provide alternate starts on alternate batteries, so a design using battery
starting shall include all necessary contacts and wiring.

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2.6.4 Pneumatic starting systems shall include all necessary solenoid valves and other interfacing devices for
connection to an Approved automatic controller.

2.6.5 In addition to responding to signals from an Approved controller, all devices required for emergency
starting shall also be operable by direct, manual means. Battery contactors shall be manually operable and
of the snap-action type. Either all valves shall be manually operable of manual bypass valves shall be
provided. All manual starting devices shall be labeled as specified in Paragraph 3.2.

2.7 Charging System

All starting systems shall be rechargeable by both engine-driven and auxiliary devices. The systems shall be
arranged so that an Approved controller maintains fully charged starting energy reservoirs by means of the
auxiliary recharging device.

2.8 Cooling System

2.8.1 The cooling system shall automatically maintain the engine within its desirable range of the operating
temperatures. The temperature regulating device shall be designed to provide maximum cooling in the
event that it fails. The manufacturer shall state the desired operating temperature of the engine.

2.8.2 Liquid cooling systems shall have a closed primary loop. The heat from the primary loop may be
dissipated either directly to the atmosphere or to a secondary, open, raw water cooling circuit. Liquid
cooling systems shall be provided with an opening in the primary loop for replenishing coolant or checking
the liquid level. An expansion reservoir shall also be provided to minimize loss of coolant due to thermal
expansion and contraction. All liquid-cooled engines shall be equipped with a jacket water heater capable
of maintaining the primary coolant temperature at 120°F (49°C). Teflon (or equivalent) hose with a braided
stainless steel jacket shall be used on the outlet side of this heater.
A. If primary coolant heat is to be dissipated directly to the atmosphere, engine-driven means shall be
provided for positive movement of air through the heat exchanger. The heat exchanger shall be
designed to maintain normal engine operating temperatures with an inlet air temperature of 120°F
(49°C). A connection shall be provided to duct the coolant air exhaust outside the pump room.
B. If a raw water secondary coolant is used, the manufacturer shall provide a graph of required flow and
pressure versus raw water temperature for each engine and speed submitted for Approval. Raw water
inlet and outlet connections shall be pipe-threaded in conformance with the recognized national
standard of the country to which the engine will be delivered. The raw water outlet shall be at least one
pipe size larger than the inlet. These requirements shall apply to turbocharger intercoolers as well, even
when these represent the only use of raw water.

2.8.3 Air-cooling systems shall provide a direct, engine-driven air moving device and a connection to duct
coolant exhaust air outside the pump room. The manufacturer shall state the required venting area to
provide sufficient air circulation for the cooling system. The system shall be designed to maintain normal
engine operating temperature with an inlet air temperature of 120°F (49°C). Engine block or lubricant
heaters shall be provided to assure comparable reliability of starting to the afforded by the jacket water
heater of a liquid-cooled engine.

2.8.4 Supplemental cooling devices such as lubricant and inlet air coolers will be allowed if they share raw water
or coolant air supplies with the primary engine cooling systems as defined in Paragraphs 2.8.2 A, 2.8.2 B,
and 2.8.3. Turbocharger intercoolers may, however, be cooled by a separate raw water flow, even if the
main cooling system does not use raw water.

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2.9 Lubrication System

Engines shall be equipped with a suitable, pressure-type lubrication system. The system shall comprise a direct
engine driven pump, a filter, and distribution system. It shall have adequate capacity to maintain lubricant
temperatures within the range recommended by the lubricant manufacturer. The lubrication system shall be free
of visible leakage. The lubricant filter media shall be readily replaceable or the filter shall be of a type allowing
ready cleaning. Means for checking, draining, and replenishing lubricant supply shall be provided. Any lubri-
cation system vents shall be equipped with connections to duct the vents outside the pump room and filter the
incoming venting air.

2.10 Induction System

The air-intake or induction system shall be equipped with a suitable filter to prevent dust and debris from
entering the engine. The filter shall be designed for easy replacement or cleaning of the filtering media. The air
intake to the engine shall be equipped with a connection to duct intake air from outside the pump room when
desired.

2.11 Exhaust System

The exhaust system shall be gas-tight throughout the operating range of exhaust temperatures and pres-
sures. It shall be designed with an outlet connection to readily duct exhaust gasses outside the pump room.
The system shall be suitably guarded, insulated, or cooled to prevent fire hazards and injury to operators.

2.12 Fuel System

The fuel system shall include a fuel filter with readily replaceable media. The fuel system shall be leak-free
throughout all conditions of engine operation. The inlet to the fuel system shall be readily connectable to
a fuel supply line employing connections designed in accordance with the recognized standard of the
nation to which the engine will be delivered. The fuel system inlet size shall be specified by the manu-
facturer.

2.13 Approved Components

Whenever Approved components (contactors, valves, etc. . .) are available, these shall be used. Non-
Approved components must be successfully tested in accordance with the relevant Approval requirements
prior to authorization of their inclusion on an engine submitted for Approval.

III. MARKINGS
3.1 A corrosion-resistant identification plate affixed to each Approved engine shall, at a minimum, carry the
manufacturer’s name or trademark, a distinctive model designation and serial number, the year of manu-
facture, and rated power output and speed for fire pump driver service for which the specific engine has been
sold. (Note: See ‘‘Exception’’ Paragraph 4.3.7.) The Factory Mutual Approval mark is also required.

3.2 Each engine shall also have a similar plate listing the instructions for manual emergency starting promi-
nently displayed. These instructions shall be complete and easily understood so that an individual with no
prior knowledge of the engine’s operation shall be able to manually start the engine by following them.
Individual controls shall be clearly and unambiguously identified in these instructions and correspondingly
labeled on the engine.

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IV. EXAMINATION AND TESTS

4.1 Required Information

4.1.1 Design and Operating Data

The manufacturer shall provide the information listed below for each model engine submitted for
Approval:
A. Model designation and speeds for which Approval is sought;
B. Power output versus speed test data for the engine equipped with all fire pump driver accessories;
C. Instrument panel drawing;
D. Nameplate and starting instruction plate drawings;
E. Outline drawing showing all connection, mounting size and locational dimensions;
F. Secondary coolant requirements per Paragraph 2.8.2 B or 2.8.3, whichever is applicable;
G. Desired normal engine operating temperature as measured by the gauge described in
Paragraph 2.5.1 C;
H. Cooling system flow schematic;
I. Electrical schematic drawing showing the connections provided for wiring to Approved fire pump
controllers;
J. Dimensional junction box drawing showing labeled terminals for connection to Approved fire pump
controllers;
K. List of all specifications and materials used in construction of the internal parts of the engine,
including any special or unusual treatments or fabrication;
L. List of accessories specified for fire pump driver service, including part numbers, capacities, and
sizes. In the case of purchased parts, the part manufacturer’s name and model designation shall also
be included. The list shall specifically include all service replacement parts such as filters, gaskets,
and thermostatic elements. If items of varying capacities are specified, the selection procedure shall
be included. A minimum accessory list shall include:
• Cooling system major components
• Lubricant, air and fuel filters
• Generator
• Starter
• Major components of fuel injection system
• Thermostatic element
• Oil pressure switch
• Temperature switch
• Instruments
• Batteries
• Main battery contactor (cross-sectional drawing required)
• Supercharger (when used)

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• Governor
• Overspeed shutdown switch
• Stub shaft or flexible drive coupling (drawing required if flange mounted)
• Valves, pressure regulators, etc. . .
M. Installation, operation, service, and maintenance information. Operation information shall specifi-
cally include starting and stopping sequences.

4.1.2 Miscellaneous
A. The engine manufacturer shall supply Factory Mutual with certification of all test instrumentation
calibration when requested.
B. Factory Mutual may waive the need to witness accessory tests in favor of certified test data from the
engine manufacturer or his suppliers.
C. The engine manufacturer shall arrange for any inspections of his suppliers required by Factory Mutual.
D. Tests shall be conducted using engines fully equipped with all accessories required for fire pump driver
service.

4.1.3 Advertising
The manufacturer shall submit all advertising literature in which it is proposed to use the Factory Mutual
Approval mark. This literature may be submitted as it becomes available without delaying Approval
consideration.

4.2 Test Facilities

If review of all required information indicates suitability for Approval, testing of sample engines will be
scheduled. The manufacturer shall provide facilities and all properly calibrated instrumentation necessary to
perform the tests described below, and any other tests deemed necessary by Factory Mutual. Accuracy require-
ments shall be as defined by Society of Automotive Engineers Standard SAE J270, Engine Rating Code —
Diesel. The manufacturer shall also provide personnel to install and run the engines, and make the required
measurements. Factory Mutual will witness the tests. All tests shall be conducted at normal room temperature.

4.3 Testing

4.3.1 Cold Starting

The engine shall, after remaining unoperated and with coolant heaters inoperative for at least eight hours
in the test room, be started, stopped, and restarted several times at full load. After each start, the engine
shall smoothly accelerate to its preset speed and operate at the full rated power output for that speed. ‘‘Full
load’’ is defined as the dynamometer load corresponding to the maximum sustainable power output as
determined per Paragraph 4.3.2 C.

4.3.2 Durability and Fuel Consumption

A. The engine shall be run continuously for a minimum of four hours at the highest speed, and one hour
at each other speed for which Approval is sought.
B. The following data shall be taken at least once every 30 minutes, and preferably every 15 minutes:
• Rotational speed
• Power output
• Ambient air pressure and temperature
• Fuel consumption rate

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• Raw coolant inlet and outlet temperatures and flow rate

• Lubricant pressure and temperature
For reporting purposes, the data will be summarized using the forms in Appendix II.
C. The maximum sustainable power output, corrected for ambient air pressure and temperature per
Paragraph 2.3.1, shall be determined for each speed by examination of the data for the appropriate four-
or one-hour run.
D. The corrected maximum sustainable power output for each speed shall be at least 110 percent of the
rating proposed for that speed. If not then a new minimum rating for that speed shall be calculated by
dividing the minimum power reading for the four- or one-hour (as appropriate) test period by 1.1. This
figure will take the place of the manufacturer’s proposed rating in the tabulation labeled ‘‘Rated Power
Output for Engine Model .’’ This tabulation will be included in the listing infor-
mation for an Approved engine.
E. The word ‘‘sustainable,’’ as used herein, refer to the power output available under conditions of stable
or decreasing coolant temperature, lubricant temperature, and fuel consumption and stable or increas-
ing lubricant pressure while the engine is being tested per Paragraph 4.3.2.A with data collection per
Paragraph 4.3.2. B.

4.3.3 Hot Starting

The engine shall be shut down immediately after the conclusion of the durability testing described in
Paragraph 4.3.2. A. Several restart attempts at full load shall be made at varying intervals from immedi-
ately after to five minutes after stops. The engine shall respond as required in Paragraph 4.3.1.

4.3.4 Power Output

A. The engine shall be operated at each speed for which Approval is sought, one speed at least 100 r/min
above the maximum and one at least 100 r/min below the minimum speeds for which Approval is
sought, plus any additional speeds needed to make a total of at least five speed settings at minimum
increments of 100 r/min
B. The engine shall be allowed to stabilize at each speed for at least two minutes and then the following
data shall be recorded:
• Rotational speed;
• Maximum power output (by dynamometer measurement);
• Ambient air pressure and temperature.
C. Coolant temperatures shall remain within the manufacturer’s specified range throughout this test with
no manual adjustment to the cooling system.
D. The power output data shall be corrected for ambient air pressure and temperature by the formula given
in Paragraph 2.3.1.
E. Corrected power output shall be tabulated as a function of engine rotational speed. This table shall be
identified as ‘‘Corrected Power Output for Engine Model .’’ If the corrected
‘‘sustainable’’ power output datum for any Approved speed obtained during the durability test, as
defined in Paragraph 4.3.2 E, is less than that obtained during this test, that lower datum shall be used
in the tabulation.

4.3.5 Governor Stability

A. The governor shall control the speed within plus or minus 10 percent of rated speed, during the tests
in Paragraph B and C below.
B. The governor of the engine shall be set to maintain rated speed at 100 percent of rated load.

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C. The load shall be increased from 25 percent rated load to full load in 25 percent increments. The load
shall be dropped rapidly from each increment of load to no load.

4.3.6 Accessories
A. The engine shall be accelerated by whatever adjustment is necessary. The emergency overspeed
shutdown system shall activate between 115 and 120 percent of the engine’s setting. If more than one
model of overspeed shutdown device is used to cover the full range of Approval speeds for a given
engine, each model device shall be tested for at least one Approval speed within its range.
B. Bench tests of the low lubricant pressure and high coolant temperature warning switches shall be
conducted to verify their conformance to the engine manufacturer’s specifications.
C. Main battery contactors for engines using battery starting shall be tested to determine their maximum
current capacity. This shall be at least 200 percent of the full-load starting current requirement specified
by the engine manufacturer. Cycle life at full-load starting current for the contactors shall also be
determined by the test. Life shall exceed 10,000 cycles. Neither manual nor powered actuation of the
contactors shall result in arcing or burning of the contacts. If Approved contactors are used, this test
will be waived, based upon a comparison of their Approved rating with the engine’s full load starting
current.
D. Performance tests of any accessories may be required at the discretion of Factory Mutual.

4.3.7 Production Tests

After Approval of a given engine model, each production engine shall be tested by the manufacturer to
determine its power output at the rated speed for which it is sold. After the manufacturer’s recommended
warm-up and run-in periods, the rotational speed shall be set at the ordered Approved speed and the power
output shall be measured. Simultaneous ambient air pressure and temperature shall also be measured and
the power data shall be application of the formula given in Paragraph 2.3.1. That corrected power reading
shall be at least 10 percent greater than the rated power for that speed. That is, any tolerance for
manufacturing variation must be taken in excess of that 10 percent. No further adjustment of the fuel
system shall be made prior to shipment of the engine. No re-adjustment shall be authorized by the
manufacturer or his representative except for fine adjustment of speed, when required, at installation.
EXCEPTION: If an engine has been designed, Approved, and factory tested for and carries an Approval
rating nameplate listing ratings at more than one speed, this signifies that speed adjust-
ment alone is sufficient to reset the engine to provide its rating at any speed indicated.
Specifically, no parts need be changed nor any additional adjustments made. In this case,
the manufacturer’s authorized representative may reset the engine to any of the speeds
listed on its nameplate. Such engines must leave the manufacturer’s plant set at the
minimum rated speed if the final installed speed is not known at the time of shipment.
The manufacturer shall also verify, and record, for each engine that only correct accessories, as Approved,
are installed on each engine, that all wiring is complete and correct, and that all adjustable devices are set
within allowable tolerances. A complete, documented, functional test of all required control and signaling
devices is required for each engine.
All production test records shall be available for examination by Factory Mutual, on request. Files shall
be maintained so that the records of all Factory Mutual Approved engines between given dates (usually
between quality control audits) can be retrieved for examination by a Factory Mutual auditor. A permanent
record of the engine model numbers, serial number, original purchaser’s name and address, date of test,
rated speed and corrected power output shall be maintained by the manufacturer.

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APPENDIX I: ENGINE TERMINAL STRIP

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APPENDIX II: FORMS 1730 AND 1731

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APPENDIX III:

UNITS OF MEASUREMENT

SPEED: r/min – ‘‘revolutions per minute’’

(no SI equivalent)

POWER: hp – ‘‘horsepower’’; (kW – ‘‘kilowatts’’)

kW = 0.7457 × hp

TORQUE: lbft – ‘‘pound-feet’’; (Nm – ‘‘Newton-meters’’)

Nm = 1.356 × lbft

BRAKE SPECIFIC FUEL CONSUMPTION:

lb/hph – ‘‘pounds per horsepower hour’’;

(kg/kWh – ‘‘kilograms per kilowatt hour’’)
kg/kWh = 0.6082 × lb/hph

FLOW RATE: gal/min – ‘‘gallon per minute’’; (l/min – ‘‘liters per minute’’)
l/min = gal/min × 3.785 (Note: l = dm3)

PRESSURE: psi – ‘‘pounds per square inch’’; (kPa – ‘‘kilopascals’’)

kPa = psi × 6.895

bar – ‘‘bar’’; (kPa – ‘‘kilopascals’’)

bar = kPa × 0.01
bar = psi × 0.06895

BAROMETRIC PRESSURE: inHg – ‘‘inches of mercury’’; (kPa – ‘‘kilopascals’’)

kPa = 3.3864 × inHg

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APPENDIX IV:

APPROVAL MARKS

REPRODUCTION ART: Factory Mutual Research Approval Marks

For use on nameplates, in literature, adver-

tisements, packaging and other graphics.

1) The Factory Mutual Research diamond mark is

acceptable to Factory Mutual Research as an
Approval mark when used with the word
‘‘Approved.’’

2) The Factory Mutual Research Approval logo-

mark has no minimum size requirement, but
should always be large enough to be readily
identifiable.

3) Color should be black on a light background or a

reverse may be used on a dark background.

For Cast-On Marks

4) Where reproduction of the mark described

above is impossible because of production
restrictions, a modified version of the diamond is
suggested. Minimum size specifications are the
same as for printed marks. Use of the word
‘‘Approved’’ with this mark is optional.

NOTE: These Approval marks are to be used only in conjunction with products or services that have been Approved
by Factory Mutual Research Corporation. The Factory Mutual Research Approval marks should never be used in
any manner (including advertising, sales or promotional purposes) that could suggest or imply Factory Mutual Research
Approval or endorsement of a specific manufacturer or distributor. Nor should it be implied that Approval extends to
a product or service not covered by written agreement with Factory Mutual Research. The Approval marks signify that
products or services have met certain requirements as reported by the Factory Mutual Research Corporation.

Additional reproduction art is available through

Factory Mutual
P.O. Box 9102,
Norwood, Massachusetts 02062 USA.

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Printed in USA