Polynomial – 2

(Class 10th)
Find the zeroes of the Polynomial:-

Linear Polynomial:- We know that in Linear Polynomial, highest power is 1. So highest number of zeroes
also will be 1.

E.g.: Find the zero of polynomial x + 5.

Sol. We know that general form of linear equation is ax + b = 0

x + 5 = 0  x  0  5  x  5

E.g.: Find the zeroes of polynomial 2x – 3.

3
Sol. 2x – 3 = 0  2 x  3  x 
2

Quadratic Polynomial:- We know that in Quadratic Polynomial, highest power is 2. So highest number of
zeroes also will be 2.

E.g.: Find the zeroes of the polynomial x2 – 7x + 10.

Sol. We know that general form of quadratic equation is ax2 + bx + c = 0

Here we need to understand the following 2 concepts:

1. Product of zeroes = a × c = coefficient of x2 × constant term and

2. Sum of zeroes = - b = - coefficient of x.

Now in p(x) = x2 – 7x + 10

Product of zeroes (P) will be = a × c = 1 × 10 = 10 and

Sum of zeroes (S) = - b = - (-7) = 7, then we write x2 – 7x + 10 (by splitting middle term) as

x2 – 2x – 5x + 10 = 0 [ 2 × 5 = 10 and 2 + 5 = 7]

 x(x – 2) – 5(x – 2) = 0

 (x – 2)(x – 5) = 0

 x–2=0 and x–5=0

 x=2 and x=5

Lets take one of its zeroes as  and other as . Hence  = 2 and  = 5

Relationship Between Zeroes and Coefficient of a Polynomial

For a Linear Polynomial

 Polynomial – 2
(Class 10th)
b
We know that, if k is a zero of p(x) – ax + b, a  0 , then p(x) = ax + b = 0, i.e. k =
a
b Cons tan t term
Thus, zero of the linear polynomial ax + b is  .
a Coefficient of x
For a quadratic Polynomial
Consider quadratic polynomial P(x) = 2x2 – 16x + 30.
Now, x2 – 8x + 15
x2 – 5x – 3x + 15 = 0 [ 1 × 15 = 15 and 5 + 3 = 8]

x(x – 5) – 3(x – 5) = 0
= (x – 3) (x – 5) = 0
The zeroes of P(x) are 3 and 5.
Sum of the zeroes
(16)  coefficient of x 
=3+5=8= =–  2
2  coefficient of x 
Product of the zeroes
30 constan t term
= 3 × 5 = 15 = =
2 coefficient of x 2

So if ax2 + bx + c, a  0 is a quadratic polynomial and ,  are two zeroes of polynomial then

b c
   – ,  
a a

For a Cubic Polynomial

In general, let ,  and  be the zeroes of the cubic polynomial ax 3  bx 2  cx  d , a  0 , then

Coefficient of x 2 b Coefficient of x c
       ,       
Coefficient of x 3
a Coefficient of x3 a

Cons tan t term d

and    
Coefficient of x 3
a

Formation of Quadratic and Cubic Polynomial

(i) If  and  are the zeroes of a quadratic polynomial then quadratic polynomial will be

x2 – (sum of zeroes)x + product of zeroes

i.e. x2 – ( + )x + ()

Ex. Let  = 2 and  = 3, then quadratic polynomial will be

 Polynomial – 2
(Class 10th)
x2 – ( + )x + (×) = x2 – 5x + 6 is answer.

(ii) If ,  and  are the zeroes of Cubic Polynomial, then Cubic Polynomial will be

x3 – (sum of zeroes)x2 + (sum of the product of zeroes taking two at a time)x – product of zeroes

i.e. x3 – ( +  + )x2 + ( +  +  )x - 

Ex. Let  = 3,  = 4 and  = 2, then cubic polynomial will be

x3 – ( +  + )x2 + (3 × 4 + 4 × 2 + 2 × 3)x – 3 × 4 × 2

 x3 – ()x2 + (12 + 8 + 6)x – 24

 x3 – x2 + 26x – 24 is answer.