errari

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This article is about the automobile manufacturer. For Ferrari road-models produced,
see List of Ferrari road cars. For the 2003 biographical film, see Ferrari (film). For other
uses of the name, see Ferrari (disambiguation).
"Ferraris" redirects here. For the surname, see Ferraris (surname).

Ferrari N.V.

Native name Ferrari N.V.

Type Public

BIT: RACE
Traded as
NYSE: RACE
FTSE MIB Component (BIT)

Industry Automotive

Founded 13 September 1939; 80 years ago in Modena, Italy

(as Auto Avio Costruzioni)[1]

Founder Enzo Ferrari

Headquarters Amsterdam, Netherlands (de jure)

Maranello, Emilia-Romagna, Italy (de
facto)

Area served Worldwide

 Key people John Elkann (Chairman)
Piero Ferrari (Vice Chairman)
Louis Camilleri (CEO)

Products Sports cars

Production  9,251 units (2018)
output
 €3.417 billion (2017)
Revenue

Operating  €775 million (2017)
income

Net income €537 million (2017)

 €4.141 billion (2017)
Total assets
 €779 million (2017)
Total equity
Exor N.V. (22.91%)
Owners
Piero Ferrari (10.00%)
Public (67.09%)

Number of 3,336 (2017)
employees

Subsidiaries Ferrari S.p.A.

Scuderia Ferrari S.p.A.

Website ferrari.com

Footnotes / references
[2]

Ferrari (/fəˈrɑːri/; Italian: [ferˈraːri]) is an Italian luxury sports car manufacturer based

in Maranello. Founded by Enzo Ferrari in 1939 out of Alfa Romeo's race division
as Auto Avio Costruzioni, the company built its first car in 1940. However, the
company's inception as an auto manufacturer is usually recognized in 1947, when the
first Ferrari-badged car was completed.
In 2014 Ferrari was rated the world's most powerful brand by Brand Finance.[3] In June
2018, the 1964 250 GTO became the most expensive car in history, setting an all-time
record selling price of $70 million.[4][5]
Fiat S.p.A. acquired 50% of Ferrari in 1969 and expanded its stake to 90% in 1988. [6] In
October 2014 Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V. (FCA) announced its intentions to
separate Ferrari S.p.A. from FCA; as of the announcement FCA owned 90% of Ferrari. [7]
[8][9]
 The separation began in October 2015 with a restructuring that established Ferrari
N.V. (a company incorporated in the Netherlands) as the new holding company of the
Ferrari group and the subsequent sale by FCA of 10% of the shares in an IPO and
concurrent listing of common shares on the New York Stock Exchange.[10] Through the
remaining steps of the separation, FCA's interest in Ferrari's business was distributed to
 shareholders of FCA, with 10% continuing to be owned by Piero Ferrari.[11] The spin-off
was completed on 3 January 2016.[10]
Throughout its history, the company has been noted for its continued participation
in racing, especially in Formula One, where it is the oldest and most successful racing
team, holding the most constructors championships (16) and having produced the
highest number of drivers' championship wins (15). [12] Ferrari road cars are generally
seen as a symbol of speed, luxury and wealth.[13]

Contents

 1History
 2Motorsport
o 2.1Scuderia Ferrari
o 2.2Race cars for other teams
 3Road cars
o 3.1Current models
o 3.2Customization
o 3.3Supercars
o 3.4Concept cars and specials
 3.4.1Ferrari Special Projects
o 3.5Bio-fuel and hybrid cars
o 3.6Naming conventions
 4Identity
o 4.1Colour
 5Corporate affairs
o 5.1Formula Uomo programme
o 5.2Technical partnerships
o 5.3Sales history
 6Stores
 7See also
 8Notes
 9References
 10External links

History[edit]
Main article: History of Ferrari
Enzo Ferrari in a rare interview, with the Ferrari's symbol Cavallino Rampante ("prancing horse") behind him.

Enzo Ferrari was not initially interested in the idea of producing road cars when he
formed Scuderia Ferrari in 1929, with headquarters in Modena. Scuderia Ferrari
(pronounced [skudeˈriːa]) literally means "Ferrari Stable" and is usually used to mean
"Team Ferrari." Ferrari bought,[citation needed] prepared, and fielded Alfa Romeo racing cars
for gentleman drivers, functioning as the racing division of Alfa Romeo. In 1933, Alfa
Romeo withdrew its in-house racing team and Scuderia Ferrari took over as its works
team:[1] the Scuderia received Alfa's Grand Prix cars of the latest specifications and
fielded many famous drivers such as Tazio Nuvolari and Achille Varzi. In 1938, Alfa
Romeo brought its racing operation again in-house, forming Alfa Corse in Milan and
hired Enzo Ferrari as manager of the new racing department; therefore the Scuderia
Ferrari was disbanded.[1]
In September 1939, Ferrari left Alfa Romeo under the provision he would not use the
Ferrari name in association with races or racing cars for at least four years. [1] A few days
later he founded Auto Avio Costruzioni, headquartered in the facilities of the
old Scuderia Ferrari.[1] The new company ostensibly produced machine tools and aircraft
accessories. In 1940, Ferrari produced a race car – the Tipo 815, based on a Fiat
platform. It was the first Ferrari car and debuted at the 1940 Mille Miglia, but due
to World War II it saw little competition. In 1943, the Ferrari factory moved to Maranello,
where it has remained ever since. The factory was bombed by the Allies and
subsequently rebuilt including works for road car production.

125 S replica

166 MM Touring Barchetta

The first Ferrari-badged car was the 1947 125 S, powered by a 1.5 L V12 engine;[1] Enzo
Ferrari reluctantly built and sold his automobiles to fund Scuderia Ferrari.[14]
The Scuderia Ferrari name was resurrected to denote the factory racing cars and
distinguish them from those fielded by customer teams.
In 1960 the company was restructured as a public corporation under the name SEFAC
S.p.A. (Società Esercizio Fabbriche Automobili e Corse). [15]
Early in 1969, Fiat took a 50% stake in Ferrari. An immediate result was an increase in
available investment funds, and work started at once on a factory extension intended to
transfer production from Fiat's Turin plant of the Ferrari engined Fiat Dino. New model
investment further up in the Ferrari range also received a boost.
In 1988, Enzo Ferrari oversaw the launch of the Ferrari F40, the last new Ferrari
launched before his death later that year. In 1989, the company was renamed Ferrari
S.p.A.[15] From 2002 to 2004, Ferrari produced the Enzo, their fastest model at the time,
which was introduced and named in honor of the company's founder, Enzo Ferrari. It
was to be called the F60, continuing on from the F40 and F50, but Ferrari was so
pleased with it, they called it the Enzo instead. It was initially offered to loyal and
recurring customers, each of the 399 made (minus the 400th which was donated to the
Vatican for charity) had a price tag of $650,000 apiece (equivalent to £400,900).
On 15 September 2012, 964 Ferrari cars worth over $162 million (£99.95 million)
attended the Ferrari Driving Days event at Silverstone Circuit and paraded round
the Silverstone Circuit setting a world record.[16]
Ferrari's former CEO and Chairman, Luca di Montezemolo, resigned from the company
after 23 years, who was succeeded by Amedeo Felisa and finally on 3 May 2016
Amedeo resigned and was succeeded by Sergio Marchionne, CEO and Chairman
of Fiat Chrysler Automobiles, Ferrari's parent company.[17] In July 2018, Marchionne was
replaced by board member Louis Camilleri as CEO and by John Elkann as chairman.[18]
On 29 October 2014, the FCA group, resulting from the merger between manufacturers
Fiat and Chrysler, announced the split of its luxury brand, Ferrari. The aim is to turn
Ferrari into an independent brand which 10% of stake will be sold in an IPO in 2015.
[19]
 Ferrari officially priced its initial public offering at $52 a share after the market close
on 20 October 2015.[20]

Motorsport[edit]
For a complete list of Ferrari racing cars, see List of Ferrari competition cars.

Ferrari 312T2 Formula One car driven by Niki Lauda

Since the company's beginnings, Ferrari has been involved in motorsport, competing in
a range of categories including Formula One and sports car racing through its Scuderia
Ferrari sporting division as well as supplying cars and engines to other teams and for
one-make race series.
1940 AAC 815 was the first racing car to be designed by Enzo Ferrari, although it was
not badged as a Ferrari model.
Scuderia Ferrari[edit]
Main article: Scuderia Ferrari
Scuderia Ferrari has participated in several classes of motorsport, though it is currently
only officially involved in Formula One. It is the only team to have competed in the
Formula One World Championship continuously since its inception in 1950. José Froilán
González gave the team its first F1 victory at the 1951 British Grand Prix.

Ferrari SF15-T (2015)

Alberto Ascari gave Ferrari its first Drivers Championship a year later. Ferrari is the
oldest team in the championship, and the most successful: the team holds nearly every
Formula One record. As of 2014, the team's records include 15 World Drivers
Championship titles, 16 World Constructors Championship titles, 221 Grand Prix
victories, 6736.27 points, 679 podium finishes, 207 pole positions, and 230 fastest laps
in 890 Grands Prix contested. Of the 19 tracks used in 2014, 8 have lap records set by
the F2004, with a further 3 set by the F2003-GA, F2008 and F10.
Ferrari drivers include: Tazio Nuvolari, José Froilán González, Juan Manuel
Fangio, Alberto Ascari, Luigi Chinetti, Maurice Trintignant, Wolfgang von Trips, Phil
Hill, Olivier Gendebien, Mike Hawthorn, Peter Collins, Giancarlo Baghetti, Ricardo
Rodríguez, Chris Amon, John Surtees, Lorenzo Bandini, Ludovico Scarfiotti, Jacky
Ickx, Mario Andretti, Clay Regazzoni, Niki Lauda, Carlos Reutemann, Jody
Scheckter, Gilles Villeneuve, Didier Pironi, Patrick Tambay, René Arnoux, Michele
Alboreto, Gerhard Berger, Nigel Mansell, Alain Prost, Jean Alesi, Michael
Schumacher, Eddie Irvine, Rubens Barrichello, Felipe Massa, Kimi
Räikkönen, Fernando Alonso, Sebastian Vettel, and Charles Leclerc.
At the end of the 2006 season, the team courted controversy by continuing to
allow Marlboro to sponsor them after they, along with the other F1 teams, made a
promise to end sponsorship deals with tobacco manufacturers. A five-year deal was
agreed and although this was not due to end until 2011, in April 2008 Marlboro dropped
their on-car branding on Ferrari.
A 312PB (driven by Jacky Ickx) during the team's final year in the World Sportscar Championship

In addition to Formula One, Ferrari also entered cars in sportscar racing, the two
programs existing in parallel for many years.
In 1949, Luigi Chinetti drove a 166 M to Ferrari's first win in motorsports, the 24 Hours
of Le Mans. Ferrari went on to dominate the early years of the World Sportscar
Championship which was created in 1953, winning the title seven out of its first nine
years.
When the championship format changed in 1962, Ferrari earned titles in at least one
class each year through to 1965 and then again in 1967. Ferrari would win one final
title, the 1972 World Championship of Makes before Enzo decided to leave sports
car racing after 1973 and allow Scuderia Ferrari to concentrate solely on Formula One.
During Ferrari's seasons of the World Sportscars Championship, they also gained more
wins at the 24 Hours of Le Mans, with the factory team earning their first in 1954.
Another win would come in 1958, followed by five consecutive wins from 1960 to 1964.
Luigi Chinetti's North American Racing Team (NART) would take Ferrari's final victory at
Le Mans in 1965.
Although Scuderia Ferrari no longer participated in sports cars after 1973, they have
occasionally built various successful sports cars for privateers. These include the BB
512 LM in the 1970s, the 333 SP which won the IMSA GT Championship in the 1990s,
and currently the 458 GT2 and GT3 which are currently winning championships in their
respective classes.
Race cars for other teams[edit]
Throughout its history, Ferrari has supplied racing cars to other entrants, aside from its
own works Scuderia Ferrari team.
In the 1950s and '60s, Ferrari supplied Formula One cars to a number of private
entrants and other teams. One famous example was Tony Vandervell's team, which
raced the Thinwall Special modified Ferraris before building their own Vanwall cars.
The North American Racing Team's entries in the final three rounds of the 1969 season
were the last occasions on which a team other than Scuderia Ferrari entered a World
Championship Grand Prix with a Ferrari car. [21]
Ferrari supplied cars complete with V8 engines for the A1 Grand Prix series, from the
2008–09 season.[22] The car was designed by Rory Byrne and is styled to resemble the
2004 Ferrari Formula one car.
Ferrari currently runs a customer GT program for a racing version of its 458 and has
done so for the 458's predecessors, dating back to the 355 in the late 1990s. Such
private teams as the American Risi Competizione and Italian AF Corse teams have
been very successful with Ferrari GT racers over the years. This car, made for
endurance sportscar racing to compete against such racing versions of the Audi
R8, McLaren MP4-12C, and BMW Z4 (E89) has proven to be successful, but not as
successful as its predecessor, the F430. The Ferrari Challenge is a one-make racing
series for the Ferrari 458. The FXX is not road legal and is therefore only used for track
events.

Road cars[edit]
For a complete list, including future and concept car models, see List of Ferrari road
cars.

166 Inter Touring Berlinetta

The first vehicle made with the Ferrari name was the 125 S. This was primarily a
sports/racing model. In 1949, the 166 Inter was introduced marking the company's
significant move into the grand touring road car market. Road cars continue to make up
the bulk of Ferrari sales to the present day.
Many early cars featured bodywork designed and customised by
independent coachbuilders such as Pininfarina, Scaglietti, Zagato, Vignale and Bertone.
Starting in the early 2010s with the LaFerrari, the focus was shifted to what is now the
standard, Ferrari relying on an in-house design from the Centro Stile Ferrari.
The original road cars were typically two-seat front-engined V12s. This platform served
Ferrari very well through the 1950s and 1960s. In 1968 the Dino was introduced as the
first two-seat rear mid-engined Ferrari. The Dino was produced primarily with a V6
engine, however, a V8 model was also developed. This rear mid-engine layout would go
on to be used in many Ferraris of the 1980s, 1990s and to the present day. Current
road cars typically use V8 or V12 engines, with V8 models making up well over half of
the marque's total production. Historically, Ferrari has also produced flat 12 engines.
For a time, Ferrari built 2+2 versions of its mid-engined V8 cars. Although they looked
quite different from their 2-seat counterparts, both the GT4 and Mondial were closely
related to the 308 GTB.[citation needed]
The company has also produced several front-engined 2+2 cars, culminating in the
current V12 model Lusso and V8 models Portofino and Lusso T. The California is
credited with initiating the popular current model line of V8 front-engined 2+2 grand
touring performance sports cars.[citation needed]
Ferrari entered the mid-engined 12-cylinder fray with the Berlinetta Boxer in 1973. The
later Testarossa (also mid-engined 12 cylinders) remains one of the most popular and
famous Ferrari road cars of all time.
Current models[edit]
GTC4Lusso F8 Tributo 812 Superfast
Portofino SF90 Stradale Roma
GTC4Lusso T F8 Spider 812 GTS

 Front-
mid
 Rear
engine,  Front-  Front-
mid-  Rear-  Front
rear/four- mid mid
engine, mid mid-
wheel engine, engine,
rear-wheel engine, engine,
drive rear-wheel rear-wheel
drive four-wheel rear-wheel
 4-seat  drive drive
 Sports drive drive
grand  2+2 gr  Sports
car  Sports  "2+" gr
tourer and tourer car
 Twin- car and tourer
 V12  Twin-  V12
turbo V8  PHEV   Twin-
engine, Tw turbo V8 engine
engine Twin-turbo  turbo V8
in-turbo V engine  Sports
 Sports V8 engine engine
8 engine  Hard- coupé / Har
coupé / Har  Sports  Sports
 Shooti top d-top
d-top coupé coupé
ng convertible convertible
convertible
brake coup
é

Customization[edit]
In the 1950s and 1960s, clients often personalized their vehicles as they came straight
from the factory.[23] This philosophy added to the mystique of the brand. Every Ferrari
that comes out of Maranello is built to an individual customer's specification. In this
sense, each vehicle is a unique result of a specific client's desire.
Ferrari formalized this concept with its earlier Carrozzeria Scaglietti programme. The
options offered here were more typical such as racing seats, rearview cameras, and
other special trim. In late 2011, Ferrari announced a significant update of this
philosophy. The Tailor Made programme allows clients to work with designers in
Maranello to make decisions at every step of the process. Through this program almost
any trim, any exterior color or any interior material is possible. The program carries on
the original tradition and emphasizes the idea of each car being unique. [23]
Enzo Ferrari

Supercars[edit]

Mythos

The 1984 288 GTO may be considered the first in the line of Ferrari supercars. This
pedigree extends through the Enzo Ferrari to the LaFerrari. In February 2019, at the
89th Geneva International Motor Show, Ferrari revealed its latest mid-engine V8
supercar, the F8 Tributo.[24]
Ferrari SF90 Stradale is the first-ever Ferrari to feature PHEV (Plug-in Hybrid Electric
Vehicle) architecture which sees the internal combustion engine integrated with three
electric motors, two of which are independent and located on the front axle, with the
third at the rear between the engine and the gearbox. [25]
Concept cars and specials[edit]
Ferrari has produced a number of concept cars, such as the Mythos. While some of
these were quite radical (such as the Modulo) and never intended for production, others
such as the Mythos have shown styling elements which were later incorporated into
production models.
The most recent concept car to be produced by Ferrari themselves was the
2010 Millechili.
A number of one-off special versions of Ferrari road cars have also been produced,
commissioned to coachbuilders by wealthy owners. Recent examples include
the P4/5[26] and the 412 Kappa.
Ferrari Special Projects[edit]
The Special Projects programme was launched in the late 2000s as Ferrari's ultimate in-
house personalization service, enabling customers to own bespoke bodied one-offs
based on modern Ferrari road cars.[27] Engineering and design is done by Ferrari,
sometimes in cooperation with external design houses like Pininfarina or Fioravanti, and
the vehicles receive full homologation to be road legal.[27]
The first car to be completed under this programme was the 2008 SP1, commissioned
by a Japanese business executive, the second was the P540 Superfast Aperta,
commissioned by an American collector.[27] The following is a list of Special Projects cars
that have been made public