Written by :

Sari Kholidah

English Handbook
For Vacational School

to ask about schedules

to ask about frequency of work
NAME : activities
to talk about daily work schedules
STUDY :
Giving some advice
SCHOOL : Making an offer
Responding to advice and offer

GRADE X
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 PETUNJUK PENGGUNAAN MODUL

1. ARTIKAN VOCABULARY TERLEBIH DAHULU DAN

HAFALKAN MINIMAL 10 VOCABULARIES SETIAP SEBELUM
PEMBELAJARAN

2. PELAJARI DAN BACA GRAMMAR SEBELUM PEMBELAJARAN

JIKA ADA YANG TIDAK FAHAM BISA DITANYAKAN SAAT
PEMBELAJARAN

3. ISILAH SETIAP LATIHAN YANG ADA, KERJAKAN DENGAN

TELITI DAN SESUAI PETUNJUK

4. BELAJARLAH DENGAN GIAT DAN SEMANGAT DAN

GAPAILAH CITA-CITAMU

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 WHAT DO YOU USUALLY EAT?

Social function : talking about daily routines

Learning focus :

 to ask about schedules

 to ask about frequency of work activities

 to talk about daily work schedules

Grammar :

 Simple Present Tense

 Frequency Adverb

 Question word (what, when , how)

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 VOCABULARIES

Please translate these vocabularies to ndonesian !

DAILY VERB
(KATA KERJA SEHARI-HARI)
 Read  Would like to
 Study  Need
 Learn  Like
 Write  Dislike
 Draw  Love
 Erase  Hate
 Delete  Miss
 Translate  Enjoy
 Think  Advise
 Remember  Agree
 Forget  Disagree
 Memorise (UK)  Get
 Memorize (US)  Win
 Teach  Drink
 Explain  Eat
 Do  Taste
 Ask  Have breakfast
 Answer  Have lunch
 Pass  Have dinner
 Cheat  Have exercise
 Mention  Speak
 Pay attention  Talk
 Know  Say
 Understand  Spell
 Lead  Chat
 Believe  Tell
 Hope  Cry
 Wish  Scream
 Want to /Wanna  Call

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 Invite  Fall
 Sing  Become
 Dance  Fly
 Cough  Cure
 Laugh  Wait
 Smile  Hide
 Bite  Fight
 Blow  Kill
 Kiss  Catch
 Pray  Help
 Sleep  Have/Has
 Dream  Win
 Get up  Lose
 Wake up  Finish
 Take  Start
 Take bath  Begin
 Take a lake  Continue
 Take a dumb  Save
 Take a nap  Look
 Take a rest  Watch
 Take a walk  See
 Prepare  Listen
 Play  Hear
 Work  Cook
 Wear  Fry
 Use  Boil
 Swim  Drive
 Keep  Ride
 Build  Cycle
 Climb

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 GRAMMAR

SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE (BENTUK WAKTU SEKARANG SEDERHANA)

Simple present tense adalah bentuk waktu sekarang sederhana digunakan untuk
menyusun kalimat yang menerangkan kebiasaan, kebenaran umum dan kegiatan
sehari-hari yang dilakukan di waktu sekarang.

 Verbal Sentence (Kalimat Verbal)

Adalah kalimat yang prediketya berupa kata kerja (Verb).
The pattern of Verbal Sentence in Simple Present Tense:
+ Subject ( I, You, We, They ) + V 1 + Object + Adverb

+ Subject ( She, He, It ) + V 1 + S/Es + Object + Adverb

- Subject ( I, You, We, They ) + Do + Not + V 1 + Object + Adverb

- Subject ( She, He, It ) + Does + Not + V 1 + Object + Adverb

? Question Word + Do + Subject ( I, You, We, They ) + V 1 + Object + Adverb ?

? Question Word + Does + Subject ( She, He, It ) + V 1 + Object + Adverb ?

-? Question Word + Do + Not + Subject ( I, You, We, They ) + V 1 + Object +

Adverb ?

-? Question Word + Does + Not + Subject ( She, He, It ) + V 1 + Object + Adverb ?

Example:
1. (+) You eat bread in my living room every morning. = Kamu makan roti di ruang
makanku setiap pagi.
(-) You do not eat rice in front of his house every day. = Kamu tidak makan nasi di depan
rumahnya (dia lk) setiap hari.
(?) Do you eat cake in her restaurant every night ? = Apakah kamu makan kue di restoranya
(dia lk) setiap malam? Yes, I do. / No, I don’t.
(-?) Do not you eat porridge in your hotel every month? = Apakah kamu tidak makan bubur
di hotelmu setiap bulan? Yes, I do / No, I don’t.

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 2. (+) They always drink a glass of tea behind our car every year. = Mereka selalu
minum segelas teh di belakang mobil kami setiap hari.
(-) She does not go to post office by a red bus every day. = Dia (pr) tidak pergi ke kantor pos
dengan sebuah bis merah setiap hari.
(?) Does she teach him in his classroom once a month? = Apakah dia (pr) mengajar dia (lk)
di ruang kelasnya (dia lk) sekali sebulan? Yes, she does. / No, she doesn’t.
(-?) Doesn’t it usually sleep near two chairs every hour? = Tidakkah ia (hewan, benda)
biasanya tidur di dekat dua kursi setiap jam? Yes, it does. / No, it doesn’t.
3. (+) Riki rarely plays football with his friends on the playground every afternoon. =
Riki jarang bermain sepak bola bersama teman–temanya (dia lk ) di lapangan setiap
sore.
(-) A white cow does not run to his garden every morning. = Seekor sapi tidak berlari ke
kebunya (dia lk) setiap pagi.
(?) Do Iwan Fals and Ahmad Dani sing a pop song with their band on youtube ? = Apakah
Iwan fals dan Ahmad Dani bernyanyi sebuah lagu pop bersama band mereka di youtube?
Yes, they do. / No, they don’t.
(-?) Don’t Rhoma and Lia sing in our school? = Tidakkah Rhoma dan Lia bernyanyi di
sekolah kami? Yes, they do. / No, they, don’t.

 NOMINAL SENTENCE (KALIMAT NOMINAL/KALIMAT YANG

MENGUNAKAN KATA BENDA, KATA SIFAT DAN KATA KETERANGAN
TEMPAT)

SUBJECT TO BE

I = Saya Am

You = Kamu Are

She = Dia (pr) Is

He = Dia (lk) Is

It = Ia (benda, hewan) Is

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 We = Kmai, Kita Are

They = Mereka Are

You = Kalian Are

Anton Is

Anisa Is

Anton and Anisa Are

A cat Is

Two cats Are

A chair Is

Three chairs Are

An uncle Is

Four uncles Are

Example:

1. + I am an English teacher in this school. = Saya adalah seorang guru bahasa

Inggris di sekolah ini.

- I am not an English teacher in this school. = Saya bukan seorang guru bahasa
Inggris di sekolah ini.

? Am I an English teacher in this school? = Apakah saya adalah seorang guru

bahasa Inggris di sekolah ini? Yes, you are./No, you aren’t.

-? Am not I an English teacher in this school? = Bukankah saya adalah seorang

guru bahasa Inggris di sekolah ini? Yes, you are./No, you aren’t.

2. + You are a singer in that city. = Kamu adalah seorang penyanyi di kota itu.

- She is not beautiful and diligent in learning Arabic. = Dia (pr) tidak cantik dan
rajin dalam belajar bahasa Arab.

? Is he in school with his headmaster every morning? = Apakah dia (lk) berada di
sekolah bersama kepala sekolahnya setiap pagi? Yes, he is./No, he isn’t.

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 -? Isn’t it a sun flower near a garden? = Bukankah ia (benda) sebuah bungah
matahari di dekat sebuah kebun? Yes, it is./No, it isn’t.

6. +We are students in a school in this village. = Kita adalah murid-murid di sebuah
sekolah di desa ini.

- They are not in front of a drugstore with their father every day. = Mereka tidak
berada di depan sebuah apotek bersama ayah mereka setiap hari.

? Are you very kind and smart in this city? = Apakah kalian sangat baik hati dan
cerdas di kota ini? Yes, we are./No, we aren’t.

-? Aren’t you very kind and smart in this city? = Bukankah kalian sangat baik hati
dan cerdas di kota ini? Yes, we are./No, we aren’t.

 EXERCISE 1:
Please change these sentences into positive, negative, interrogative sentences then
translate into indonesian orally!
1. Your brother write his task every night.

(+) ......................................................................................................................

(-) .......................................................................................................................
(?) .....................................................................................................................?
(-?) ....................................................................................................................?
2. Our teacher is very handsome and tall.
(+) ......................................................................................................................

(-) .......................................................................................................................
(?) .....................................................................................................................?
(-?) ....................................................................................................................?

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 FREQUENCY ADVERB
Frequency adverb menunjukkan seberapa sering orang-orang melakukan sesuatu. Frequency
adverb terdapat pada simple present untuk mendeskripsikan rutinitas dan kebiasaan.
Berikut adalah beberapa Frequency adverb dan maknanya :
Frequency adverb Meaning

Always (selalu) 100% of the time

Frequently (hampir selalu) About 90% of the time

Usually (biasanya) About 80% of the time

Often (sering) About 70% of the time

Sometimes (kadang-kadang) About 50% of the time

Occasionally (kadang-kadang) About 40% of the time

Seldom (jarang) About 20% of the time

Rarely (sangat jarang) About 10% of the time

Never (tidak pernah) About 0% of the time

Frequency adverb biasanya digunakan sebelum main verb dan sesudah to be

Example
Frequency adverb sebelum main verb
 I always go to school on time
 We never eat rice in the morning
Frequency adverb sebelum main verb
 He is usually here every morning.
 They are always bored

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 QUESTION WORD (KATA TANYA)
 What = Apa, Siapa

 What time = Jam berapa

 What about you = Bagaimana denganmu

 When = Kapan

 How = Bagaimana, Berapa

 How many = Berapa banyak

 How much = Berapa harga

 How big = Berapa besar

 How small = Berapa kecil

 How wide = Berapa luas

 How long = Berapa panjang, Berapa lama

 How about you = Bagaimana denganmu

Example:

 What = Apa, Siapa

 What is this? = Apa ini? This is a tiger. = Ini adalah seekor harimau.

 What are these? = Apa ini? These are two lions. = Ini adalah dua ekor singa.

 What is your name? = Siapa namamu? My name is Nia. = Nama saya Nia.

 What are you? = Apa pekerjaanmu? I am a doctor. = Saya adalah seorang dokter.

 What day is today? = Hari apa hari ini? Today is Sunday. = Hari ini adalah hari
minggu.

 What time is it? = Jam berapa sekarang? It is seven o’clock. = Sekarang jam tujuh
tepat.

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  When = Kapan

 When are you here? = Kapan kamu berada di sini? I am here now. = Saya berada i sini
sekarang.

 When is she in the office? = Kapan dia (pr) berada di kantor itu? She is in the office in
the morning. = Dia (pr) berada di kantor itu di pagi hari.

 When do they write a letter? = Kapan mereka menulis sebuah surat? They write a letter
in January. = Mereka menulis surat pada bulan Januari.

 When does he study mathematic? = Kapan dia (lk) belajar matematika? He studies
mathematic every day. = Dia (lk) belajar matematika setiap hari.

 How = Bagaimana, Berapa

 How are you? = Bagaimana kabarmu? I am fine . = Saya baik-baik saja.

 How is your teacher? = Bagaimana kabar gurumu? He is very well. = Dia (lk) baik-
baik saja.

 How am I? = Bagaimana kabar saya? You are not fine? Kamu kurang enak badan.

 How do we go to school? = Bagaimana kita pergi ke sekolah? We go to school by bus?

= Kita pergi ke sekolah dengan bus.

 How does it drink water? = Bagaimana ia (hewan) minum air? It drinks water by its
mouth. = Ia (hewan) minum dengan mulutnya.

 How many = Berapa banyak

 How many pencils are red? There are ten red pencils. = Ada sepuluh pencil bewarna
merah.

 How many rulers are in the bag? = Berapa banyak pensil yang berada di tas itu?
There are five pencils. = Ada lima pensil.

 How much = Berapa harga

 How much is this television? = Berapa harga televisi ini? It is one million rupiahs.=
Ia harganya satu juta rupiah.

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 How much are these fans? = Berapa harga kipas-kipas angin ini? They are two
million rupiahs. = Mereka harganya dua juta rupiah.

 How big = Berapa besar

 How big is your house? = Berapa besar rumahmu? = It is as big as a mosque. = Ia

sebesar sebuah masjid.

 How small = Berapa kecil

 How small are those cows? = Berapa kecil sapi-sapi itu? They are as small as
buffalows. = Mereka sekecil kerbau-kerbau itu.

 How wide = Berapa luas

 How wide is your farm? = Berapa luas sawahmu? It is one hectare. = Ia luasnya satu
hektar.

 How long = Berapa panjang, Berapa lama

 How long is your restaurant? = Berapa panjang restoran kamu? It is fifty meters. =Iya
panjangnya lima puluh meter.

 How long does she sleep every night? = Berapa lama dia (pr) tidur setiap malam? She
sleeps for eight hours every night. = Dia (pr) tidur selama delapan jam setiap malam.

 EXERCISE 1:
Arrange these jumbled words into the good sentence and then translate into
Indonesian!
1. Is-What-name-your-?
=..................................................................................................................
2. Office-go-do-to-How-day-you-?-every.
=..................................................................................................................
3. Do-wear-you-What-Dress-?-night-every.
=..................................................................................................................
4. Study-When-she-does-mathematic-?
=..................................................................................................................
5. Your-is-How-uncle-?

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 =..................................................................................................................

FILL THE BLANK WORDS!

I am very busy these days. I think I need more free time. I always 1) .............................. at
7.45 a.m. Then, I eat breakfast and get ready for work till around 8.45 a.m. I 2) .......................
to work. It 3) ............................. about 20 minutes. I usually 4) .............................. from 9
a.m to 5 p.m, but sometimes I have to work overtime. My lunch break is from 12 p.m to 1
p.m. I often go to the health club to work out after work for an hour or so and I usually
5)......................... around 6.30 p.m or 7 p.m. I have dinner, work at my computer for a while,
and 6)........................... books. I hardly ever 7)......................... TV. I usually 8) ......................
at 11 p.m during the week, but till 12 a.m or 1 a.m on weekends. So much to do, so little time.

Work Drive Go to bed Read Get up

Watch Listen Go Get home Arrive

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 YOU SHOULD GET SOME REST

Social function : to sustain good social relationship in daily life

Learning focus :

 Giving some advice

 Making an offer

 Responding to advice and offer

Grammar :

 Modal Auxiallary :

 Shall

 Should

 Will

 Would

 Can

 Could

 Ought to

 Had better

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 VOCABULARY

ADJECTIVE
(KATA SIFAT)
 Diligent  Worried
 Lazy  Horrible
 Active  Terrible
 Passive  Coy
 Naughty  Shy
 Stubborn  Cowardly
 Clever  Quiet
 Smart  Calm
 Intelligent  Fussy
 Stupid  Coquettish
 Dull  Thrifty
 Foolish  Economical
 Silly  Extravagant
 Idiot  Wasteful
 Kind  Prodigal
 Good  Honest
 Bad  Dishonest
 Wicked  Deceitful
 Evil  Fraudulent
 Confident  Fair
 Nervous  Just
 Optimistic  Unfair
 Pessimistic  Unjust
 Brave  Polite
 Bold  Courtly
 Courageous  Impolite
 Dauntless  Humble
 Daunt  Beautiful
 Afraid  Pretty
 Frightened  Lovely

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 Charming  Physically disabled
 Gorgeous  Crippled
 Graceful  Lame
 Elegant  Pale
 Handsome  Alive
 Good Looking  Dead
 Ugly  Numb
 Fat  Faint
 Slim  Blind
 Thin  Mute
 Thick  Dumb
 Tall  Deaf
 High  Senile
 Low  Forgetful
 Long  Single eye
 Short  Slant eye
 Strong  Pointed Nose
 Weak  Long Nose
 Tired  Flat Nose
 Weary  Curly hair
 Potent  Straight hair
 Impotent  Wavy hair
 Wholesome  Blond hair
 Healthy  Long Hair
 Ill (UK)  Short hair
 Sick (US)  Motherly
 Painful  Fatherly
 Fine  Boyish
 Well  Girlish
 Convenient  Childish

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 GRAMMAR

AUXILLIARY
( KATA KERJA BANTU )








Auxillary verb adalah kata kerja yang membantu kata kerja lain untuk
membentuk struktur sebuah struktur kalimat yang lengkap.
Ciri dari Auxilliary Verb adalah selalu memerlukan kata kerja penuh ( full verb )
untuk membuat kalimat yang utuh dan bisa dipahami.
Auxilliary Verb bisa juga disebut helping verb, special verb, pre – verb special
finite dan syintatical operators. Dan cara membuat kalimat dengan menggunakan
Auxilliary adalah sebagai berikut:

Ini adalah kata – kata yang termasuk Auxilliary Verb dan cara pengunaanya:
1. Can / Be ( am, is, are ) + Able to = Bisa, Dapat, Mampu, Mungkin. Kalau
digunakan untuk menerangkan kegiatan di waktu lampau berubah menjadi :
Could / Could have / Be (was, were) + Able to = Bisa, Dapat, Mampu,
Mungkin. Keterangan : Could selain digunakan untuk menerangkan waktu
lampau juga bisa digunakan untuk menerangkan waktu sekarang dan masa yang
akan datang.
1. Menunjukkan kemahiran atau kemampuan seseorang
Example:
1. + I can speak English well. = Saya bisa berbicara bahasa Inggris dengan
baik
- My mother can not cook rice every morning. = Ibu saya tidak bisa
memasak nasi setiap pagi.
? Can you drive this car every day? = Bisakah kamu mengendarai mobil ini
setiap hari? Yes, I can. / No, I can’t.
-? Can’t Lia draw a scenery of this village? = Tidak bisakah Lia mengambar
sebuah pemandangan desa ini? Yes, she can. / No, she can’t.
2. + He will be able to read that magazine tomorrow. = Dia ( lk ) akan
mampu membaca majalah itu besok.
- I am not able to help your mother because I am busy. = Saya tidak bisa
membantu ibumu karena saya sibuk.
? Are you able to be a volley ball player in our team? = Apakah kamu bisa
menjadi pemain bola voli bersama tim kami? Yes, I can. / No, I can’t.
3. + Ananda could speak English yesterday. = Ananda bisa berbicara bahasa
Inggris kemarin.
-your uncle could not help me last week. = Pamanmu tidak bisa membantu
saya minggu lalu.
? Could their childen go to school themselves last month? = Bisakah anak
– anak mereka pergi ke sekolah sendiri bulan lalu? Yes, they could. / No,
they couldn’t.

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 -? Couldn’t Rudi operate the computer? = Tidak bisakah Rudi
mengoperasikan komputer itu? Yes, he could. / No, he could.
4. + I was able to ride motorcycle yesterday. = Saya bisa mengendarai sepeda
motor kemarin
- She wasn’t be able to be beside Monas tower last week. = Dia ( pr )
tidak bisa berada di sebelah menara Monas minggu lalu.
? Were you able to give her the second chance yesterday morning? =
Apakah kamu bisa memberi dia ( pr ) kesempatan yang kedua kemarin
pagi? Yes, I could. / No, I couldn’t.

2. Untuk memberi izin atau meminta izin.

Example:
1. + You can use my car tomorrow. = Kamu bisa mengunakan mobil saya
besok.
? Can I borrow your bag? = Bisakah saya meminjam tasmu? Yes, of
course = Pasti. / Sorry, you can’t. = Maaf kamu tidak boleh.
2. ? Could I borrow your motorcyle? Certainly. = Tentu. / I am sorry, you
couldn’t. = Maaf, kamu tidak boleh.
? Could I enter to this room? Bisakah saya masuk ke ruangan ini? Sure. =
Pasti ( dalam meminta izin Penggunaan “Could” lebih sopan daripada
mengunakan “ Can”.

3. Untuk menyatakan ketidak mungkinan.

Example:
1. This can’t be wrong! = Ini tidak mungkin salah!
That could’t be true! = Itu tidak mungkin benar! ( waktu sekarang /waktu
akan datang )
That can’t have been true! = Itu tidak mungkin benar! ( waktu lampau)

2. May / Might = Boleh, Mungkin. Digunakan untuk masa sekarang atau masa
yang akan datang. Kalau digunakn untuk menerangkan waktu lampau berubah
menjadi: May have / Might Have = Boleh, Mungkin.

1. Memberi dan menolak Izin atau Permintaan Izin

Example:
1. + You may leave this meeting right now. = Kamu boleh meninggalkan
pertemuan ini sekarang
You may not join our English club. = Kamu tidak boleh ikut klub bahasa
Inggris kami.
? May I open my book? = Bolehkah saya membuka buku saya? Yes, you
may. / No, you mayn’t.
? May we calculate it by calculator? Bolehkah kami menghitungya dengan
kalkulator? Yes, you may. / No, you mayn’t.
? Might I borrow your pencil? Bolehkah saya meminjam penmu? Yes, you
might. / No, you might. Meminta izin dengan “ Might “ lebih halus
daripada mengunakan “ May”.
2. Untuk sebuah kemungkinan
Example:

19
 1. + She may be at a library now. = Dia ( pr ) mungkin berada di
perpustakaan.
- Rendi may not be in his house this afternoon. = Rendi tidak mungkin
berada di rumahnya ( dia lk ) sore ini.
? May he be in front of his office? = Mungkinkah dia ( lk ) berda di
kantornya ( dia lk ).
+ Nia might be in post office with her darling now. = Nia mungkin berada
di kantor pos bersama pacarnya sekarang.
- He might not be under pomegranate tree this morning. = Dia ( lk )
tidak mungkin berada di bawah pohon delima pagi ini.
? Might she be beside bamboo tree this afternoon? = Mungkinkah dia (
pr ) berada di sebelah pohon bambu sore ini? Yes, she might. / No, she
mightn’t.
2. + He may have been at school yesterday. = Dia ( lk ) mungkin berada di
sekolah kemarin.
- Lisa may not have been among many people last week. = Lisa tidak
mungkin berada di antara banyak orang minggu lalu.
? May Tini have been in this restaurat last night? Mungkinkah tini
berada di restoran ini malam lalu? Yes, she might have. / No, she
mightn’t have.
+ They might have been in front of police station yesterday. = Mereka
mungkin berada di depan kantor polisi kemarin.
- We might not have been near Surabaya zoo last week. = Kita
mungkin berada di dekat kebun binatang Surabaya minggu lalu.
? Might Dona have been behind the big elephant last night?
Mungkinkah Dona berada di belakang gajah yang besar tadi malam? Yes,
she might have, / No, she might have.
3. Untuk mendoakan seseorang
Example:
1. May you be happy forever! = Semoga kamu bahagiaselama – lamanya!
2. May Allah always bless you in everything! = semoga Allah selalu
memberkahimu dalam segala sesuatu!

3. Must = Harus, Pasti. Ada juga kata yang mempunyai arti yang sama dengan
Must ( Similiar Auxilliary) Yaitu: Have to / Have got to / Has to / Has got to =
Harus. Kalau digunakan dalam waktu lampau menjadi: Had to / had got to/ Must
have = Harus, pasti.Tapi sebenarnya : Have to, Has to / Have got to, Has got
to / Had to, Had got to adalah bukan sebagai kata kerja bantu ( auxilliary )
melainkan sebagai kata kerja utama ( main verb ). Dalam percakapan tidak resmi
“Have to” sering diucapkan menjadi menjadi “Hafta” sedangkan “Has to” sering
diucapkan menjadi “Hasta” dan “Got to” sering diucapkan menjadi “Gotta.”
1.Untuk menyatakan keharusn, kewajiban.
Example:
1. + We must work today. = Kita harus bekerja hari ini
+ I must always go to school every morning. = Saya harus selalu pergi ke
sekolah setiap pagi.
+ They have to pay money to Mrs Donita. = Mereka harus membayar uang
pada Nyonya Donita.
- They don’t have to come to his wedding party. = Mereka tidak harus datang
ke pesta pernikahanya ( dia lk ).

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 Do you have to give her prize? = Apakah kamu harus memberi dia ( pr )
hadiah? Yes, I do. / No, I don’t.
+ She has to speak Arabic here every day. = Dia ( pr ) harus berbicara
bahasa Arab di sini setiap hari.
- She doesn’t have to speak Chinese there every morning. = Mereka tidak
harus berbicara bahasa Mandarin di sana setiap pagi.
? Does Andi have to teach me mathematic? = Apakah Andi harus mengajar
saya matematika? Yes, he does. / No, he doesn’t.
2. + She had to eat vegetables and fruits yesterday. = Dia ( pr ) harus makan
sayuran dan buah – buahan kemarin.
- She didn’t have to arrive to Nia’s birth day party last week. = Dia ( pr ) tidak
harus tiba di pesta ulang tahunya Nia minggu lalu.
? Did you have to read Holy Qur’an last year? = Apakah kalian harus
membaca ktab suci Al – Qur’an tahun lalu? Yes, we did. / No, we didn’t.

2.Untuk menunjukkan larangan jika berupa kalimat negatif

Example:
1. You must not take bath in evening. = Kamu jangan mandi di malam hari.
2. You must not steal in anywhere again. = Kamu jangan mencuri di manapun
lagi.
3.Untuk menyatakan suatu kemungkinan yang tingkat kepastianya terjadinya
mencapai 95%.
Example:
1. She must be in the classroom now. = Dia ( pr ) pasti berada di ruang kelas
sekarang.
2. Mr Zaki must be in front of his office today. = Tuan Zaki pasti berada di
depan kantornya ( dia lk ) hari ini.
4. Ought to = Seharusnya. kalau digunakan untuk menerangkan kegiatn di waktu
lampau menjadi:“ Ought to have “ = Seharusnya. “Ought to” sering diucapkan
“Otta” dalam percakapan tidak resmi
1. Untuk memberi saran atau nasehat.
Example:
1. + You ought to study seriously every day. = Kamu seharusnya belajar
dengan serius setiap hari.
- She ought not to leave her books on the table every night. = Dia ( pr )
tidak seharusnya meninggalkan buku – bukunya ( dia pr ) di atas meja itu
setiap malam.
? Ought John to translate English novel into indonesian tonight? =
Haruskah John menterjemahkan novel Bahasa Inggris ke dalam bahasa
Indonesia malam ini? Yes, he ought to. / No, he oughtn’t to.
2. + Nia ought to have eaten some fruits yesterday. = Nia seharusnya telah
makan beberapa buah – buahan kemarin.
- He ought not to have chosen him as captain in our foot ball team last
month. = Dia ( lk ) tidak seharusnya telah memilih dia ( lk ) sebagai kapten
di tim sepak bola kami bulan lalu.
? Ought you to have put any glassaes on the table last week? = Haruskah
kamu telah meletakkan beberapa gelas di atas meja minggu lalu? Yes, I
ought to have. / No, I oughtn’t to have.
2. Untuk menyatakan suatau harapan.
Example:

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 1. + He ought to do well in this game. = dia seharusnya melakukan dengan
baik di permainan ini.
-We ought not to kill this bird. = Kita tidak seharusnya membunuh burung
ini.
? Ought Dewi to graduate from her university this year? Haruskah Dewi
Lulus dari universitanya ( dia pr ) tahun ini? Yes, she ought to. / No, she
oughtn’t to.

5. Be ( Am, Is Are ) + Suppose To = Seharusnya. Jika digunakan dalam bentuk

waktu lampau maka menjadi : Be ( Was, Were )+ Supposed to = seharusnya.
1. Untuk menyataka suatu harapan.
Example:
1. + The game is supposed to begin at 7 p.m.= Permainan itu seharusnya
dimulai pada jam 7 malam.
- Two houses are not supposed to build near Ciliwung river. = Dua rumah
itu tidak seharusnya di bangun di dekat sungai Ciliwung.
? Is car accident supposed to happen in the road? = Apakah kecelakaan
mobil itu seharusnya terjadi di jalan itu? Yes, it is supposed to. / No, it isn’t
supposed to.
2. + The game was supposed to end at 7 p.m yesterday. = Permainan itu
seharusnya tidak berakhir pada jam 7 malam kemarin.
-A meeting was not supposed to close earlier last night. = Sebuah rapat
tidak seharusnya di tutup lebih awal tadi malam.
? Were three people supposed to be friedly to everyone last year? =
Apakah tiga orang seharusnya ramah terhadap semua orang tahun lalu?
Yes, they are supposed to. / No, they aren’t supposed to.

6. Will / Shall / Be ( am, Is, Are ) + Going To = Akan, Boleh. Kalau digunakan
dalam klaimat bentuk waktu lampau maka menjadi : Would / Shuold / Should
Have / Would Have / Be ( was, were ) + Going To = Akan, Boleh, Seharusnya.
Would / Should selain digunakan untuk menerangkan waktu lampau juga bisa
digunakan untuk menerangkan waktu sekarang dan masa yang akan datang.
1. Untuk menerangkan kejadian atau perbuatan yang akan terjadi di masa yang
akan datang
Example:
1. + He will come here tomorrow. = Dia ( lk ) akan datang ke sini besok.
- We shall buy a new car next year. = Kita akan membeli sebuah mobil
baru tahun depan.
? Will she sell her wrist watch next week? Akankah dia (pr) menjual
arlojinya? Yes, she will. / No, she won’t.
+ I am going to paint my house tomorrow. = Saya akan mengecat rumah
saya besok.
- He is not going to be here at 6 o’clock tomorrow morning. =
Dia ( lk ) tidak akan berada di sini pada jam 6 tepat besok pagi.
? Are you going to be in front of my office next month? =
Apakah kamu akan berada di depan kantor saya bulan depan? Yes, I shall.
/ No, I shan’t.
2. Untukmenerangkan kejadian atau perbuatan yang akan terjadi di masa lampau.

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 1. + When Ani was still child she would visit to her grand mother’s house. =
Ketika Ani masih kecil dia ( pr ) akan mengunjungi rumah neneknya ( dia pr
).
- They would not stand up over there last year. = Dia tidak akan berdiri di
sana tahun lalu.
? Would they swim on the sea last week? = Akankah mereka berenang di
laut itu minggu lalu? Yes, she would. / No, she wouldn’t.
3. Untuk menyatakan permintaan atau permohonan secara sopan
1. ? Shall I sit beside you? Bolehkah saya duduk di sebelahmu? Yes, of
coure. = Ya pasti.
? Shall we close the window now? Bolehkah kami menutup cendela itu
sekarang? Yes, certainly. = Ya, Pasti.
? Would you bring my bag, please? Maukah kamu membawa tas saya?
Sure. = pasti.
? Would you mind if I left early? = Apakah kamu tidak keberatan jika saya
berangkat lebih awal? Yes, please. = Ya silakan.
4. Untuk menyatakan saran atau nasehat.
1. You should read your books every day. = Kamu seharusnya membaca
buku – bukumu setiap hari.
2. She should study hard for all lessons. = Dia ( pr ) seharusnya belajar
dengan keras untuk semua pelajaran.
5. Untuk menyatakan keinginan dengan sopan yaitu dengan “ Would like to =
Ingin ( want to )”.
Example:
1. I would like to introduce myself to you all. = Saya ingin memperkenalkan
diri saya sendiri pada kalian semua.
2. She would like to eat some bananas in living room now. = Dia ( pr ) ingin
makan beberapa pisang di ruang tamu sekarang.
6. Untuk menyatakan kesukaan dengan mengunakan “ Would Rather = Lebih
Suka”.
Example:
1. I would rather go home than stay here. = Saya lebih suka pulang daripada
tinggal di sini.
2. Ayu would rather apple than avocado. = Ayu lebih suka apel daripada
alpukat.

7. Used To = Dulu Biasanya, Terbiasa ( di Masa Lampau ).

1. Untuk menerangkan suatu kebiasaan yang biasa dilakukan secara berulang –
ulang di masa lampau tapi sudah tidak di lakukan di masa sekarang.
Example:
1. + I used to memorize a lot of Arabic vocabularies when I was in senior high
school. Saya terbiasa menghafalkan banyak kosa kata Bahasa Arab ketika
saya berda di SMA.
- She used not to speak French last year. = Dia ( pr ) tidak terbiasa
berbicara bahasa Prancis tahun lalu.
? Used you to take bath before going to your shool when you were in
elementary school? = Apakah kamu terbiasa mandi sebelum pergi ke
sekolah ketika kamu di SD? Yes, I used to. / No, I used not to.

8. Had Better = Lebih Baik.

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 1. Untuk memberi saran atau nasehat kalau tidak dilakukan maka akan
menimbulkan hukuman atau dampak negatif.
Example:
1. + You had better be on time, or we shall leave you alone here. = Kamu
lebih baik tepat waktu atau kami akn meningggalkan kamu sendiri di sini.
- You had not better enter to this jungle or tiger will eat you. = Kamu lebih
baik tidak masuk ke hutan ini atau harimau akan memakanmu.
? Had she better marry with a kind boy or she will be sad? = Apakah dia ( pr )
lebih baik menikah dengan seorang pemuda yang baik hati atau dia ( pr )
akan sedih? Yes, she had better, / No, she hadn’t better.

Note :

1. “Should” dan “ought to” memiliki arti yang sama yaitu mengekspresikan dari sebuah
saran ke sebuah pernyataan tentang tanggung jawab.
2. Arti dari “had better” itu mendekati “Should” dan “ought to”tapi ia lebih kuat karena
biasanya diimplikasikan sebagai sebuah peringatan yang kemungkinan memiliki
konsekuensi yang buruk.
3. “Should do...” memiliki arti yang seharusnya dilakukan untuk kebaikan kita.
4. “Will” biasanya digunakan untuk mengekspresikan rencana masa depan
5. “Shall” digunakan untuk membuat saran tentang apa yang dilakukan atau ketika
mendiskusikan apa yang akan dilakukan, digunakan untuk mengekspresikan rencana
masa depan
6. “Would” untuk mengekspresikan perhatian di masa lalu, digunakan untuk
penawaran dan permintaan yang sopan.
7. “May” dan “Can” digunakan untuk membuat penawaran, permintaan, atau
perizinan.

Precise Exercise

Fill in the blanks with the suitable modal auxilliaries

1. I want to quit smoking. What ............. I do?

2. You had ............. brush your teeth regularly.
3. ............... we start meeting now?
4. A : ........... I get you something to drink?
B : Yes, That ............... be nice thank you
5. A : ............ I offer you some tea?
B : I ............. love to. Thank you.

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 Asking for and Giving advice
(meminta dan memberi nasihat)

Expressions
Asking for advice:
(meminta nasihat)

 I've got a bad toothache. What do you suggest?

(saya mengalami sakit gigi. Apa yang kamu sarankan?)
 What do you advise me to do?
(kamu memberikan nasihat apa yang harus saya lakukan?)
 What should I do?
(apa yang harus saya lakukan?)
 What's your advice?
(apa nasihatmu?)
 If you were me what would you do?
(jika kamu adalah saya apa yang akan kamu lakukan?)
Giving advice:
(memberi nasihat)
 If I were you, I would go to the dentist.
(jika aku jadi kamu, aku akan pergi ke dokter gigi)
 Why don't you go to the dentist?
(mengapa kamu tidak pergi ke dokter gigi saja?)
 You'd better brush your teeth regularly.
(lebih baik kamu menyikat gigimu secara teratur)
 You ought to/should avoid eating sweets.
(kamu seharusnya menghindari makanan manis)
Declining to give advice
(menolak memberi nasihat)
 I don't know what to advise, I'm afraid.
(saya tidak tahu menasihati apa, saya takut)

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  I wish I could suggest something, but I can't.
(saya harap saya bisa menyarankan sesuatu tapi saya tidak bisa)
 I wish I could help.
(saya harap saya bisa membantu)
 I'm afraid I can't really help you.
(saya takut saya tidak bisa membantumu)

Responding Advice

Accepting Advice (menerima nasihat)

 Yes, I agree with that.

 That sounds like a good idea!
 I don't think that's a good idea.
 OK, why don't we do that.
 That's very interesting.

Rejecting Advice (menolak nasihat)

 I'm sorry, i can't agree with that.
 I don't think we should do that.
 That's very interesting, but ...
 I don't know what to advise, I'm afraid.
 I wish I could suggest something, but I can't.
 I wish I could help.
 I'm afraid I can't really help you.

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 OFFERING SOMETHING

(Menawarkan Sesuatu)

Menawarkan sesuatu adalah hal yang penting untuk menunjukkan kesopanan. Kita bisa
menawarkan bantuan atau semacamnya pada orang lain. Menawatkan sesuatu bisa dalam
bentuk resmi atau tidak resmi.

Formal
Do you need ......?
(apakah kamu membutuhkan ......?)
Would you like me to..... ?
(maukah kamu saya untuk ......?)
Shall I ..... for you?
(haruskah saya .... untuk mu?)
May I offer you some ......?
(bolehkah saya menawarkan kamu
beberapa....?)
I’ll .... if you like.
(saya akan .... jika kamu suka)
Informal
How about some.....?
(bagaimana jika beberapa .....?)
What about some.....?
(bagaimana jika beberapa .....?)
What do you say about some ....?
(apakah kamu berkata tentang beberapa ...?)
Are you up for some ....?
( apakah kamu menginginkan beberapa ...?)

Responses to Offer

Accepting Offers Politely Refusing Offers

Thank you Thank you, but I am on a diet.

I would love to That’s very kind. Unfortunately, I....
Yes that would be nice I’d like to but....
Yes, please No, Thank you
That sounds great! I am fine thank you
Yes, that’s kind of you No, Thank you. I am fine
Please! That’s very kind. But no, thank you.

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READING CONVERSATION

Conversation 1
Asking and giving advice

Tami : Hi Aufa, You look worried. What's the matter?

Aufa : Er.. it's nothing.
Tami : Is it the exam tomorrow? You shouldn't worry. You'll pass easily.
Aufa : I know.
Tami : Come on, tell me. What are you worried about?
Aufa : OK... it's Mark. I think he has started smoking. I was talking to him yesterday about
this topic and he told me that he isn't smoking.
Tami : That's serious. What are you going to do?
Aufa: I'm not sure. I should tell someone. What do you think I should do?
Tami : If I were you, I'd speak to his older sister. She's really friendly.
Aufa : I've never met her. Can you come with me?
Tami : Yes, of course. Let's go and find her.

Conversation 2
Offering things
Huto : Hello Ms. Kilani, may I help you?
Kilani : Yes you may, I ordered portable hard disk two weeks ago. But...until now I haven’t
got further information whether the product is ready or not.
Huto : Oh no! Can you tell me exactly what brand of portable hard disk that you ordered?
Kilani : It is Sun Disk 500MB.
Huto : I’m very sorry, let me check it out in the storage first. It must be there. I have already
restocked it last week.
Kilani : Yes, please.
Huto : Hello Ms. Kilani, sorry for your long waiting. This is the product that you ordered.
Check it out first to make sure.
Kilani : Yes, this is what I want. Thank you.
Huto : My pleasure Ms. Kilani, again, sorry for the inconvenience. If you have any problem
with that product, don’t hesitate to come here. I’ll give you free service.
Kilani : Okay. Thank you so much.
Answer these questions below based on conversation text above!
1.Why does Miss Kilani come to Huto’s shop?
2. Have Mr Huto already restocked the hard disk?

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3.Is there guarantee for the product which is bought by Miss Kilanai if it is damaged?
4. Is Miss Kilani angry to Mr. Huto?
5. Mention the expression of offering help on the dialogue above?

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MAKING YOUR ADVICE AND OFFER

1. Your friend want to get rich quick. Give him some advice what should he do.
2. You have best friend coming to visit you this weekend. Please offer him something if:
a. He looks thirsty.
b. He sweats a lot.
c. He seems to need a wifi connection.

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