What is Fiori?

SAP Fiori is a set of apps, newly written by SAP, that address the most broadly and frequently used
SAP functions, such as workflow approvals, information lookups, and self-service tasks. They provide
simple and easy-to-use access across desktops, tablets, and smartphones.

SAP Fiori is the user interface or user experience (UX) that supplements and can replace the SAP GUI.
This streamlined application uses tiles to encapsulate standard tasks, such as approving purchase
requisitions, viewing sales orders, and approving timesheets

SAP lists three types of Fiori apps: 

1. Transactional apps, which allow users to perform SAP transactions on mobile

devices as well as desktops. For instance, there is a transactional app for creating a
leave of absence request and another for approving a purchase order.

2. Fact sheets, which display information about key business objects in SAP. For
example, there is a fact-sheet app for viewing a central purchase contract; it allows
users to also drill down into related entities, such as vendor contacts, items under
contract, and terms.

3. Analytical apps, which allow users to display key performance measures and other
aggregate information about the business.

Complicating things, Fiori is not the only development effort involving SAP's user interface. SAP has
also released a product dubbed Screen Personas, which allows users to customize standard SAP
screens to their liking. For example, using Personas, a user could remove fields of no interest or
change the placement of fields on the screen.

What is frontend and backend in SAP?

The term “front-end” refers to the user interface, while “back-end” means the server,
application and database that work behind the scenes to deliver information to the user. The
user enters a request through the interface

What is SAP Fes?

SAP Fiori front-end server (FES) offers a bundle of technology components that are required
to run SAP Fiori scenarios. It contains the following: UI development toolkit for HTML5
(SAPUI5) framework and the components to run the SAP Fiori launchpad on the ABAP
stack.
 SAP Gateway core components on the ABAP stack.
 SAP Fiori Implementation Foundation.
 SAP Fiori Basis Apps (available only with SAP NetWeaver 7.5 or higher).