‫ﺑﺴﻢ ﷲ اﻟﺮﺣﻤﻦ اﻟﺮﺣﯿﻢ‬

REINFORCED CONCRETE - II
(An Elective Course)

LECTURE #3
An Overview of Design of Axially Loaded Short
Columns
By

CE 470 (RC - II) : Dr. Nadeem A. Siddiqui May 25, 2017

 Contents
2

 Objectives of the present lecture

 An Overview of Design of Axially loaded Short
Columns
 SBC Provisions
 Problems
 Further reading

CE 470 (RC - II) : Dr. Nadeem A. Siddiqui May 25, 2017

 Objectives of the Present lecture
3

 To provide an overview of design of axially

loaded short RC columns.

CE 470 (RC - II) : Dr. Nadeem A. Siddiqui May 25, 2017

 Design of Short Columns
4

 Reinforced Concrete (RC)

short columns are divided
into two categories:
 Columns with a purely
Axial load (no moment)
 Columns carrying eccentric
loads

CE 470 (RC - II) : Dr. Nadeem A. Siddiqui May 25, 2017

 Axial Load Capacity of RC Columns
5

The axial load capacity of RC column is

P0  0.85 f c' Ag  Ast   f y Ast

Ag  gross area
Ast  total area of the longitudinal reinforcement
To account for the effect of accidental moments, SBC 304 specifies that
the maximum load on a column must not exceed
0.85 times the load from above equation for spiral
columns; and
0.8 times the load from above equation for tied columns.

CE 470 (RC - II) : Dr. Nadeem A. Siddiqui May 25, 2017

 Contd.
6

Spiral Columns:


Pn,max  0.85 0.85 f c' Ag  Ast   f y Ast 

Pn ,max  0.85 0.85 f c' Ag  Ast   f y Ast 
Tied Columns:


Pn,max  0.80 0.85 f c' Ag  Ast   f y Ast 

Pn ,max  0.80 0.85 f c' Ag  Ast   f y Ast 

CE 470 (RC - II) : Dr. Nadeem A. Siddiqui May 25, 2017

 Axial load capacity of short RC columns:
General Expression
7

 The axial load capacity of short, reinforced concrete

column with small eccentricity (i.e. the eccentricity is
less than 0.10h for tied columns or 0.05h for spiral
columns) is:
Pn  Po   0.85 f c' Ag  Ast   f y Ast 

 β

Tied column 0.65 0.80

Spiral column 0.75 0.85

CE 470 (RC - II) : Dr. Nadeem A. Siddiqui May 25, 2017

 Amount of Spirals
8
The amount of spiral reinforcement is defined
by using a spiral reinforcement ratio s as,
volume of spiral in one loop
s 
volume of concrete core for a pitch s
Vspiral as Dc  d b  4as Dc  d b 
s   
Vcore 2
Dc 4 s  sDc2 
d b  diameter of the spiral bar
Dc  diameter of the core out to out of
the spiral
as  cross sectional area of the spiral bar
CE 470 (RC - II) : Dr. Nadeem A. Siddiqui May 25, 2017
 Minimum Spiral Percentage
9

The SBC 304 specifies the minimum spiral percentage as

Shell
Core
 Ag  f c'
Minimum s  0.45  1 Cover

 Ac  fy Spirals

h
where Ac  Dc2
4
Dc

Longitudinal steel bars

CE 470 (RC - II) : Dr. Nadeem A. Siddiqui May 25, 2017

 Design of Ties
10

Minimum Tie Size

10 mm for long. bars of size less than 32 mm
12 mm for long. bars of size equals to or greater than 32 mm
12 mm for bundled long. bars
Spacing : Vertical spacing (pitch) of ties shall not exceed :
(a) 16  longitudinal bar diameter
(b) 48  tie bar diameter
(c) Least dimension of the column section
Hoe to specify : Use - - - mm ties at - - - mm c/c
CE 470 (RC - II) : Dr. Nadeem A. Siddiqui May 25, 2017
 SBC 304 Provisions
11

CE 470 (RC - II) : Dr. Nadeem A. Siddiqui May 25, 2017

 SBC 304 Requirements for Cast-in-place
Columns
12

CE 470 (RC - II) : Dr. Nadeem A. Siddiqui May 25, 2017

 SBC 304 Requirements for Cast-in-place
Columns (contd.)
13

CE 470 (RC - II) : Dr. Nadeem A. Siddiqui May 25, 2017

 Problem-1
14

Design a square tied column to support an axial dead load D of 585 kN and
an axial live load L of 810 kN. Initially assume that 2% longitudinal steel
is desired. Given f c'  28 MPa, and f y  420 MPa.

CE 470 (RC - II) : Dr. Nadeem A. Siddiqui May 25, 2017

 Solution
15

Pu  1.4 D  1.7 L  1.4  585  1.7  810  2196 kN

Column Dimensions

Pn   0.85  f c' Ag  Ast   f y Ast 


 Pu  0.65  0.80 0.85  28Ag  0.02 Ag   420  0.02 Ag 

 2196 103  0.52 23.8  0.98 Ag  8.4 Ag  16.496 Ag 
 Ag  133,123.2 mm2 Use 375  375 mm A
g  140,625 mm2 

CE 470 (RC - II) : Dr. Nadeem A. Siddiqui May 25, 2017

 Contd.
16
Longitudinal Bars

Substituting into column equation with known Ag and solving

for Ast , we have
Pn   0.85  f c' Ag  Ast   f y Ast 
 Pu  0.65  0.800.85  28140625  Ast   420  Ast 
 2196 103  0.523346875  23.8 Ast  420 Ast 
 2196 103  1740375  206.024 Ast
 Ast  2211.5mm2

Use 6 - 22 mm bars Ast  6  380  2280 mm2 
CE 470 (RC - II) : Dr. Nadeem A. Siddiqui May 25, 2017
 Contd.
17

Design of Ties (Assuming 10 mm ties)

Minimum Tie Size  10 mm for long. bars of size

less than 32 mm. OK
Spacing : Vertical spacing (pitch) of ties shall not exceed :
(a) 16  longitudinal bar diameter  16  22  352 mm
(b) 48  tie bar diameter  48 10  480 mm
(c) Least dimension of the column section  375 mm
Use 10 mm ties at 350 mm c/c

CE 470 (RC - II) : Dr. Nadeem A. Siddiqui May 25, 2017

 Sketch of the Column Cross section
18

10 Φ ties @ 350 mm
22 Φ steel bars
50 mm 22 Φ steel bars
375 mm

6- 22 mm bars 275 mm 350 mm

Φ10 @ 350 mm c/c

50 mm
50 mm 275 mm 50 mm

375 mm
375 mm

CE 470 (RC - II) : Dr. Nadeem A. Siddiqui May 25, 2017

 Problem-2
19

Design a round spiral column to support an axial dead load D of 1080 kN and
an axial live load L of 1350 kN. Initially assume that 2% longitudinal steel
is desired. Given f c'  28 MPa, and f y  420 MPa.

CE 470 (RC - II) : Dr. Nadeem A. Siddiqui May 25, 2017

 Solution
20

Pu  1.4 D  1.7 L  1.4 1080  1.7  1350  3807 kN

Column Dimensions

Pn   0.85  f c' Ag  Ast   f y Ast 


 Pu  0.75  0.85 0.85  28Ag  0.02 Ag   420  0.02 Ag 

 3807 103  0.6375 23.8  0.98 Ag  8.4 Ag  20.224 Ag 
2 
 Ag  188,241.6 mm  h 2  188,241.6 mm2
4
 h  489.6 mm Use 500 mm Ag  196,250 mm2  
CE 470 (RC - II) : Dr. Nadeem A. Siddiqui May 25, 2017
 Contd.
21
Longitudinal Bars

Substituting into column equation with known Ag and solving

for Ast , we have
Pn   0.85  f c' Ag  Ast   f y Ast 
 Pu  0.75  0.850.85  28196250  Ast   420  Ast 
 3807 103  0.63754670750  23.8 Ast  420 Ast 
 3807 103  2977603.125  252.58 Ast
 Ast  3283.7 mm2

Use 6 - 28 mm bars Ast  6  615  3690 mm2 
CE 470 (RC - II) : Dr. Nadeem A. Siddiqui May 25, 2017
Design of Spiral

 2 
Ac  D c  4002  125600 mm2
4 4
 Ag  f c'  196250  28

Minimum  s  0.45 
 1  0.45  1  0.0169
 Ac  fy  125600  420

Assume a 10 mm spiral, d b  10 mm and as  d b2  78.5 mm2
4
4as Dc  d b 
s 
sDc2
4  78.5  400  10 0.764
 0.0169  2

s  400 s
 s  45.2 mm say 40 mm
CE 470 (RC - II) : Dr. Nadeem A. Siddiqui 22 May 25, 2017
 Sketch of the Column Cross section
23

10 Φ spirals @ 40 mm

6- 28 mm bars

50 mm Dc= 400 mm 50 mm
h = 500 mm

CE 470 (RC - II) : Dr. Nadeem A. Siddiqui May 25, 2017

 Further Reading
24

Read more about the design of axially loaded columns

from:

1. Reinforced concrete, Mechanics and Design by

James K. Wight and James G. Macgregor, Fifth
Edition, Pearson Prentice Hall, USA.
2. Design of Reinforced Concrete by Jack C.
McCormac and Russell H. Brown, Eighth Edition,
John Wiley & Sons.

CE 470 (RC - II) : Dr. Nadeem A. Siddiqui May 25, 2017

 Thank You
25

CE 470 (RC - II) : Dr. Nadeem A. Siddiqui May 25, 2017