7/4/2019 Forced flotation of inclusions in tundish: Ironmaking & Steelmaking: Vol 36, No 6

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Ironmaking & Steelmaking 

Processes, Products and Applications
Volume 36, 2009 - Issue 6

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Forced flotation of inclusions in tundish

D. Satish Kumar, T. Rajendra, Reddi Prasad, A. Sarkar & Madhu Ranjan
Pages 470-475 | Published online: 18 Jul 2013

 Download citation  https://doi.org/10.1179/174328108X393849

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Abstract

With increased usage of steel for critical applications, the demand for cleaner steel has increased. Existing technologies have been
improved and new technologies are being introduced all along the process route to minimise the size and quantity of inclusions. In
continuous casting, the function of tundish has changed from its early role as a liquid steel bu er to a multifunctional vessel,
dominating quality adjustments, speci cally inclusion otation. To meet stringent cleanliness requirements, a methodology of
forced otation of inclusions by controlled bubbling of inert gas in tundish was developed and investigated. Location of the
bubbling arrangement was optimised using the ow pro le generated by water modelling experiments. Optimum gas owrates
were calculated mathematically and further adjusted with a series of experiments. Extensive plant scale trials were used to optimise
the process parameters and bring the technology to practice. There was a 33–70% reduction in inclusions of size greater than 50 μm
and a 13–36% reduction in inclusions 25–50 μm. Inclusion removal reduced at higher casting speeds. Under steady state conditions,
e ciency of inclusion otation was found to be a function of casting speed. Additionally, a signi cant reduction in oxide build-up
and nozzle clogging was observed thus lengthening refractory life.

Keywords: TUNDISH, BOTTOM BUBBLING, INCLUSION FLOTATION, CLEAN STEEL

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7/4/2019 Forced flotation of inclusions in tundish: Ironmaking & Steelmaking: Vol 36, No 6

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