Contents

Problem Statement: ................................................................................................................. 3

CEP Learning Outcomes (CLOs):............................................................................................... 3
Methodology:........................................................................................................................... 3
Formulas and Equations applied:............................................................................................. 4
MATLAB code for Technical Analysis ....................................................................................... 4
Graphic User Interface ............................................................................................................. 5
Load Profile 1 ........................................................................................................................... 6
Load Profile 2 ........................................................................................................................... 7
Load Profile 3 ........................................................................................................................... 8
Load Profile 4 ........................................................................................................................... 9
Load Profile 5 ......................................................................................................................... 10
Load Profile 6 ......................................................................................................................... 11
Load Profile 7 ......................................................................................................................... 12
Load Profile 8 ......................................................................................................................... 13
Load Profile 9 ......................................................................................................................... 14
Load Profile 10 ....................................................................................................................... 15
Thermal Power station........................................................................................................... 16
Reason:................................................................................................................................... 16
Selection of generating sets:.................................................................................................. 16
Reserve:.............................................................................................................................. 16
Type of fuel: ....................................................................................................................... 16
Coal handling ..................................................................................................................... 16
Unloading: ...................................................................................................................... 16
Conveying:...................................................................................................................... 16
Crushing and pulverizing: ............................................................................................... 16
Boiler specifications: .............................................................................................................. 17
Type:................................................................................................................................... 17
Working:............................................................................................................................. 17
Reason for selection: ......................................................................................................... 17
Major Specifications: ......................................................................................................... 18
Steam turbine ........................................................................................................................ 18
Major specifications of steam turbine: .............................................................................. 18
Turbo-Alternator Dimensions: ........................................................................................... 19
Major specifications of Turbo alternator: .......................................................................... 19

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 Cooling water: .................................................................................................................... 19
Water treatment plant:...................................................................................................... 20
Auxiliaries: .......................................................................................................................... 20
Economics of Steam Power Station: ...................................................................................... 21
Particulars for calculation of variable cost of energy production: .................................... 23
Generation cost calculation: .................................................................................................. 24
2D Model: .......................................................................................................................... 25
3D Model: .......................................................................................................................... 26
References: ........................................................................................................................ 27
Nuclear Power Station ........................................................................................................... 28
Introduction: ...................................................................................................................... 28
MAIN PARTS OF A NUCLEAR POWER PLANT ..................................................................... 28
CANDU Nuclear Reactor: ................................................................................................. 29
BWRX-300 Reactor............................................................................................................... 30
Control Rods: .................................................................................................................... 32
Fuel handling: ................................................................................................................... 32
Steam Turbine: ................................................................................................................. 33
Economics of Nuclear Power Plant ..................................................................................... 34
References:........................................................................................................................ 35

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Problem Statement:
CLO-01: Analysis of weekly/monthly/yearly load profile generated in 10 different
industries/utility companies/research papers.

CLO-02: Perform technical/economic analysis using software (MATLAB/VB/GUI etc.)

and graphs for the same.

CLO-03: Choose two worst scenarios among them and propose more efficient power
generating station design for them. Also justify your proposal via sufficient
references.

CEP Learning Outcomes (CLOs):

CLO-01: Develop the necessary theoretical knowledge for basic and advanced
concepts in Electrical Power Generating Stations.

CLO-02: Analyze and evaluate the technical/economical parameters of Power

Generating stations.

CLO-03: Design and planning of technical/economical parameters of conventional

power generating stations.

Methodology:
 First literature review and research has been done on various load profiles and
then 10 have been selected for technical analysis.
 The load profiles are then analysed manually by hand calculations. Various
parameters such as maximum demand, average load, total energy/units and
load factor, plant capacity factor and plant utilization factor are calculated.
 Then generator sizing is done for the load profiles, assigning a suitable number
and rating of generator sets in accordance with the load variations.
 After this, the load profiles are modelled on MATLAB GUI, along with their
technical analysis.
 Then 2 worst case Load profiles have been selected and a power generating
station has been designed for them, along with their specifications and 3D
models using the software Blender.

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Formulas and Equations applied:

𝑀𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝐷𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑑 = 𝐻𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 = 𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑖𝑛 24 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 𝑘𝑊ℎ

𝐴𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 =
𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝐷𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 (24 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠)

𝐴𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑
𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 =
𝑀𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝐷𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑑

𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑒𝑑 𝑖𝑛 24 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠 (𝑘𝑊ℎ)

𝑃𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝐶𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 =
𝐼𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑑 𝑐𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 (𝑘𝑊ℎ) × 24 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠

𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑒𝑑 𝑘𝑊ℎ

𝑃𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝑈𝑠𝑒 𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 =
𝑃𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝑐𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 × 𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠

MATLAB code for Technical Analysis

%code of Technical Evaluation of Load profikes

dataset=xlsread('lp7.xlsx'); % read the load profiles from ms excel

x=dataset(:,1); % time axis

y=dataset(:,2); % Load axis
z=dataset(:,3); % Generater operating schedule
bar(x,y,'y');% plotting the load profile
hold;
plot(x,z,'r');
xlim([0 25])
ylim([0 2500])
xlabel('Time / Hours');
ylabel('Load / KW');
set(gca, 'XTick',x);
TL= sum(y) % total Load;
AvgL= TL/24 % average load;

MD= max(y) % maximum demand of load;

LF= AvgL/MD % calculating load factor;

puf=sum(y)/sum(z) % calculating the plant use factor

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 Graphic User Interface

Figure 1: GUI Main Menu

The following graphic user interface was designed using matlab.

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 Load Profile 1

The following analysis was performed on this load profile:

Figure 2: Load Profile 1 GUI

Comments:

This Load profile has very high loads, and is mainly supplying power to a city and the
national grid, so it acts as a baseload, hence large generating sets are chosen for it.

A steam turbine generating station is suitable for this, run by coal, because of such high
power, fuel costs need to be reduced.

Such a station has been designed later in this report.

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 Load Profile 2

Figure 3: Load Profile 2

Comments:

This Load profile has very high loads, and is mainly supplying power to a city and the
national grid, so it acts as a baseload, hence large generating sets are chosen for it.

It also has a high load factor so nuclear and hydro generation are possible for it.

600MW reserve is set to replace the loss in power.

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 Load Profile 3

Figure 4: Load Profile 3

Comments:

This Load profile has very high loads, and is mainly supplying power to a city and the
national grid, so it acts as a baseload, hence large generating sets are chosen for it.

It has a very good load factor hence Nuclear Power plant is the best option for it and it has
design has been discussed later on in this report.

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 Load Profile 4

Figure 5: Load Profile 4

Comments:

This Load profile has industrial loads, hence small generating sets are chosen for it.

Gas turbine generation will be suitable for it.

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 Load Profile 5

Figure 6: Load Profile 5

Comments:

This Load profile is of a residential town or a commercial facility.

Diesel engine generation can be suitable for this as the load is not very high.

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 Load Profile 6

Figure 7: Load Profile 6

Comments:

It is an industrial heating and cooling load curve of a food processing industry unit.

Diesel generator will be best option for it.

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 Load Profile 7

Figure 8: Load Profile 7

Comments:

This Load profile has variations in its load as it is a processing plant.

Gas engine generation will be suitable for this because of easy and lossless turning on and
off of generator sets

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 Load Profile 8

Figure 9: Load Profile 8

Comments:

This Load profile has variations in its load as it is a processing plant.

Gas engine generation will be suitable for this because of easy and lossless turning on and
off of generator sets

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 Load Profile 9

Figure 10: Load Profile 9

Comments:

This Load profile has variations in its load as it is an industrial processing plant.

Gas engine generation will be suitable for this because of easy and lossless turning on and
off of generator sets

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 Load Profile 10

Figure 11: Load Profile 10

Comments:

A commercial Load profile of an office building.

Diesel generation will be the most economic choice.

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 Thermal Power station
Reason:
We have chosen a steam station for this load profile because it requires a very high
base load, and the average load is also very high along with a good load factor.
Hence a steam station to cater such high loads is suitable for a utility.

Selection of generating sets:

Rating Quantity
600 MW 2
300 MW 2

Reserve:
Rating Quantity
600 MW 1

Type of fuel:
The fuel selected for this plant will be coal because of its ready supply and
economic benefits.

Coal handling

Unloading:
Coal is unloaded on to the unloading area (coal yard) via trucks.

Conveying:
Conveyer belt transports the coal to the coal bunkers(storage area) from which they
are further sent to the pulverizing plant.

Crushing and pulverizing:

The conveyer belts take the coal to be pulverized. The coal is grounded and crushed
by machines.

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 Figure 12: Journey of Coal

Boiler specifications:

Type:
A high pressure water tube boiler is a type of boiler in which water circulates in
tubes heated externally by the fire. Fuel is burned inside the furnace, creating hot
gas which heats water in the steam-generating tubes.

Working:

The heated water then rises into the steam drum. Here, saturated steam is drawn
off the top of the drum. In some services, the steam will re-enter the furnace
through a super-heater to become superheated. Superheated steam is defined as
steam that is heated above the boiling point at a given pressure. Superheated
steam is a dry gas and therefore used to drive turbines, since water droplets can
severely damage turbine blades.

Reason for selection:

A significant advantage of the water-tube boiler is that there is less chance of a
catastrophic failure: there is not a large volume of water in the boiler nor are there
large mechanical elements subject to failure and it can sustain extreme high
pressures of steam.

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Major Specifications:
Boiler type Water tube, radiant reheat type
Vertical waterfall furnace boiler
Main steam flow rate 1 770 000 Kg/h
Steam pressure at super heater outlet 25.40 MPa
Steam temperature at super heater outlet 604oC
Fuel Coal
Combustion system Circular firing, A-PM burner
Pulverizing system Unit direct pressurizing system
Type of drafting system Balanced draft
Main steam control method Fuel/feed water ratio, spray

Figure 13: Boiler Specifications

Steam turbine
𝐺𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡
𝑇𝑢𝑟𝑏𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡 =
𝐺𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦

So Turbine output = 600/97% and 300/96%=

618 MW and 312.5 MW turbines are used

A suitable turbine for this rating will be the Siemens SST-6000 series turbine.

Major specifications of steam turbine:

Item Specification
Type Tandem compound, double exhaust,
reheat condensing type
Output rated 620 MW and 330 MW
Main steam pressure 24.5 MPa
Main steam temperature 600oC
Reheat steam temperature 600oC
Rotational speed 3000 rpm
Vacuum -962.6 hPa
Last stage blade Length 48 inches
Number of feed water heaters 8
Figure 14: Steam Turbine Specifications

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 Figure 15: SST-600 Turbine

Turbo-Alternator Dimensions:
𝑆 = 10.4 × 10−3 𝐵𝑎𝐷2 𝐿𝑛

For S= 750MVA and 375 MVA because of 0.8 power factor lagging. MVA= MW/pf

Where B= 0.00005 Wb/cm2, a=450, poles=2

And 𝐿 = 𝜋𝐷

So D, diameter = 400 cm and 200 cm for 750 MVA and 375 MVA respectively

And Length, L= 600 cm and 300 cm

Major specifications of Turbo alternator:

Rating Power 750 MVA and 375 MVA
Pf 0.8 lagging
Phase 3 phase
Rated Voltage 11 KV
Rpm 3000
Figure 16: Alternator specs

Cooling water:
Natural Draft cooling towers are used because the plant is located near the load
centers, which means far from the coal source point because this process works
without any rotating equipment (i.e., cooling fans), thereby saving on costly power.

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Water treatment plant:
The following feed water specifications are required.

The water purification is achieved by the following steps of Reverse Osmosis.

1- Filteration
2- 1st pass RO
3- Electro-dionization

Figure 17: Water treatment process

Auxiliaries:
Boiler feed Pumps, induction motors are used.

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Economics of Steam Power Station:
The generation cost of the plant was determined in the present study as per the
following observations and calculations:

Sr. No. Particulars Normative parameters

1 Capacity of plant 2400 MW
2 Capital cost 13936.12 Cr
Debt equity
3 70:30:00
ratio*
Return on
4 15.5% = 648
equity*
5 Interest on loan 800 Cr
6 Working capital 1750 Cr
Interest on
7 12.80% = 250 Cr
working capital
8 Depreciation rate 4.92 % = 684 Cr
Operation and
9 572 Cr
maintenance cost
10 Plant load factor 80
Plant availability
11 85
factor
(*Data as per CERC Tariff Regulations for FY 2014-19)

Capital cost 13936.12 Cr

Debt Equity Ratio 70:30
Equity 30 X 13936.12/100 = 418000.23 Cr
Debt 70 X 13936.12 /100 = 975520 Cr

(a) Return on Equity 15.5% of equity = 648 Cr

(b) Interest on term loan
Interest amount= 200.28 Cr

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 (c) Interest on working
Cost of coal 136.37 Cr
capital Cost of secondary fuel oil 0.89 Cr
Operation and maintenance 11.96 Cr
expenses
Maintenance spares 28.70 Cr
Receivables 261.62 Cr
Total 439.53 Cr

Rate of interest on working capital = 12.80%

Interest on working capital = 56.26 Cr

(d) Depreciation
Table 4. Particulars for calculation of depreciation
Opening capital cost 13936.12 Cr
Additions 0
Closing capital cost 13936.12 Cr
Average capital cost 13936.12 Cr

Rate of depreciation = 4.92%

Depreciation for the year = 684.42 Cr

(a) Operation and maintenance expenses = 28.70 lakh/MW/Yr

= 28.70 X 2400
= 572.50 Cr

Calculation of total fixed:

Sr. No. Particulars Annual Fixed
Chargs
1. Total fixed cost 2932 Cr

To convert MW into MU
1 MU= 1 MW X 365 days X 24 hours X PLF X Availability Factor X 1000/106
2400 MW= 2400 X 365 X 24 X 80 X 85 X 1000/106
=2978.4 MU

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 =2978.4 X 106 Unit

Fixed cost/Unit = 2932 Cr/2978.4 MU.

= Rs. 9.84/unit

Particulars for calculation of variable cost of energy production:

Sr. No. Particulars Value

1. Installed capacity (MW) 2400
2. Normative annual plant 85
availability factor (%)
3. Gross generation (MUs) 15000
4. Auxiliary consumption 8.5
(%)
5. Net generation (MUs) 14898
6. Gross station heat rate 2449.50
(kCal/kWh)
7. Specific fuel oil 0.50
consumption (ml/kWh)
8. Weighted average GCV 10000
of oil (kCal/l)
9. Weighted average GCV 3828.39
of coal (kCal/kg)
10. Weighted average landed 3489.63
cost of coal (Rs/MT)
11. Weighted average price of 35831
oil (Rs/kl)
12. Heat contribution from oil 5.00
(kCal/kWh)
13. Heat contribution from 2444.50
coal (kCal/kWh)
14. Specific coal consumption 0.6385
(kg/kWh)

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 15. Rate of energy charges 0.017
from oil (Rs/unit)
16. Rate of energy charges 2.228
from coal (Rs/unit)
17. Total variable charges 6.984
(Rs/unit)
18. Total variable cost (ex- 6.984
bus) (Rs/unit)

(a) Total variable cost = Cost of specific coal consumption + Cost of specific oil
Consumption
= 6.228 + 0,017
= Rs 6.984 / unit

Generation cost calculation:

Generation cost = (𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐹𝑖𝑥𝑒𝑑 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡/𝑈𝑛𝑖𝑡) + (𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡/𝑈𝑛𝑖𝑡)

= Rs (9.46 + 6.984)/Unit

= Rs. 15.91/Unit

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2D Model:

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3D Model: The following Power Station was then designed on 3D software.

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References:

http://www.ijsret.org/pdf/122143.pdf

https://assets.new.siemens.com/siemens/assets/public.1560517188.c3192f5e-
0979-4c71-9028-45f1913a80f2.steam-turbine-overview-2019.pdf

https://www.mhi.co.jp/technology/review/pdf/e415/e415264.pdf

https://www.ge.com/content/dam/gepower-
pgdp/global/en_US/documents/product/steam%20turbines/Fact%20Sheet/steam-
turbine-fact-sheet-120715.pdf

https://www.usea.org/sites/default/files/Operating%20ratio%20and%20cost%20of
%20coal%20power%20generation%20-%20ccc272-1.pdf

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 Nuclear Power Station
Introduction:
Nuclear power plants are a type of power plant that uses the process of nuclear
fission in order to generate electricity. They do this by using nuclear reactors in
combination with the Rankine cycle, where the heat generated by the reactor
converts water into steam, which spins a turbine and a generator. Nuclear
power provides the world with around 11% of its total electricity, with the largest
producers being the United States and France.

The power plant that is proposed here has a generating capacity of 800MW;
2x300MW and 200MW reactors.

MAIN PARTS OF A NUCLEAR POWER PLANT

The main parts of a nuclear power plant are the nuclear reactor and a heat
exchanger, together with the steam turbine, condenser and generator.

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CANDU Nuclear Reactor:
The reactor is a key component of a power plant, as it contains the fuel and
its nuclear chain reaction, along with all of the nuclear waste products. The reactor
is the heat source for the power plant, just like the boiler is for a coal plant.
Uranium is the dominant nuclear fuel used in nuclear reactors, and its fission
reactions are what produce the heat within a reactor. This heat is
then transferred to the reactor's coolant, which provides heat to other parts of the
nuclear power plant.

For 200 MW, we have chosen Pressurized Heavy Water Reactor or CANDU Reactor.
This was first developed by Canadians. Here heavy water is used as moderator. In
order to get maximum neutron economy, the coolant used is also heavy water.
Hence the name CANDU (Canadian Deuterium Uranium). With this combination and
strict attention to minimizing absorption in core sore structural materials, high burn
up with natural uranium fuel is obtained.

The primary circuit passes through heat exchangers and pumps raising steam from
natural water in the secondary circuit.

Control of the reactor is achieved by varying moderator level. For rapid shut down,
moderator can be dumped through a very large area multiple trap into a tank below
the reactor.

Figure 18: CANDU Reactor

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The main parameters of the reactor are given below:
Fuel material UO2
Can material Zr
Fuel enrichment Natural
Coolant D2O
Pressure (kg/cm2) 95
Inlet/outlet temp °C 250/290
Moderator D2O
Pressure Vessel Zr tubes
Inside dia x ht (m) 0.1m dia
Wall thickness (m) 0.006
Steam Pressure (kg/cm2) 42
Temperature °C 255
Station net thermal efficiency 30%
Figure 19: CANDU specifications

BWRX-300 Reactor
For 300MW, we chose BWRX-300 reactor. It is a ~300 MWe water-cooled, natural
circulation Small Modular Reactor (SMR) with passive safety systems. As the tenth
evolution of the Boiling Water Reactor (BWR), the BWRX-300 represents the
simplest, yet most innovative BWR design since GE began developing nuclear
reactors in 1955.

The fuel used in the reactor is enriched uranium. Water is used as both the
moderator and coolant. The uranium elements are arranged in a particular lattice
form inside a pressure vessel containing water. The heat released by the nuclear
reaction is absorbed by the water and the steam is generated inside the vessel
itself. Feed water enters the reactor tank below to pass through the fuel elements
in the core as coolant and also as moderator. In the boiling water reactor the
cooling system of the pressurized water reactor is eliminated.

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Advantages:

 World class safety: eliminates loss-of-coolant accidents (LOCA) enabling

simpler passive safety.
 Cost competitive: projected to have up to 60% less capital cost per MW
when compared with typical water-cooled SMR.
 Passive cooling: steam condensation and gravity allow BWRX-300 to cool
itself for a minimum of 7 days without power or operator action.
 Quick Deployment: Deployable as early as 2028 thanks to proven know-how
and construction techniques.

Figure 20:BWRX-300 Reactor

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Control Rods:
Control rods are used in nuclear reactors to control the fission rate of uranium.
Their compositions includes chemical elements such as boron, cadmium, silver,
or indium, that are capable of absorbing many neutrons without themselves
fissioning. These elements have different neutron capture cross sections for
neutrons of various energies. Boiling water reactors (BWR), pressurized water
reactors (PWR), and heavy-water reactors (HWR) operate with thermal neutrons.

Fuel handling:
Spent fuel pools (SFP) are storage pools for spent fuel from nuclear reactors. They
are typically 40 or more feet (12 m) deep, with the bottom 14 feet (4.3 m) equipped
with storage racks designed to hold fuel assemblies removed from reactors. A
reactor's local pool is specially designed for the reactor in which the fuel was used
and is situated at the reactor site. Such pools are used for immediate "cooling" of
the fuel rods, which allows short-lived isotopes to decay and thus reduce
the ionizing radiation emanating from the rods. The water cools the fuel and
provides radiological protection shielding from their radiation.

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Steam Turbine:
We use Mitsubishi Hitachi Steam turbines for nuclear power plants employ an
extremely long last stage blade (LSB), with the high pressure (HP) turbine, low
pressure (LP) turbine and generator arranged along a single rotor, generating up to
1,800 MW.

Figure 21:MHST turbine

No. of casings Four casings

Output Up to 1,800 MW

Main steam conditions Up to 7.5 MPa / Up to 290°C

Reheat steam conditions Up to 280°C

Revolutions per minute 1,500 min-1 (50 Hz) / 1,800 min-1 (60
Hz)

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Economics of Nuclear Power Plant

Front end fuel cycle costs of 1 kg of uranium as UO2 fuel

Process Amount required x price* Cost Proportion of total

Uranium 8.9 kg U3O8 x $68 $605 43%

Conversion 7.5 kg U x $14 $105 8%

Enrichment 7.3 SWU x $52 $380 27%

Fuel fabrication per kg $300 22%

Total $1390

At 45,000 MW/t burn-up this gives 360,000 kWh electrical per kg, hence fuel cost =
0.39 ¢/kWh

Therefore, our plant characteristics are given below:

Name plate Capacity, KW 800

Capacity Factor 90%
Operating Time, hr/day 24
Annual electricity generated, KW-h 6,307,000
Fuel cost cents/KW-h 0.47
Operation and Maintenance cost 1.29
cents/KW-h
Investment cost $/KW-h 2000
Plant life 25
Cost of electricity $/KW-h 4.487
Figure 22: Economics of Nuclear Power, and per Unit cost

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3D Model:

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References:

https://www.world-nuclear.org/information-library/nuclear-fuel-cycle/nuclear-
power-reactors/nuclear-power-reactors.aspx

https://www.mhps.com/products/steamturbines/lineup/nuclear-power/

https://nuclear.gepower.com/build-a-plant/products/nuclear-power-plants-
overview/bwrx-300

https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/cost-of-electricity-production

https://energyeducation.ca/encyclopedia/Nuclear_power_plant

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spent_fuel_pool

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