ELECTRICAL POWER TRANSMISSION

COMPLEX ENGINEERING PROBLEM

OBJECTIVE

Design an electric/magnetic field detection circuit, that gives strength of any of

these two values at a particular point. This type of study is carried out during
EIA report preparation of particular transmission project

COURSE ADVISOR
SIR ADNAN

GROUP MEMBERS
MUHAMMAD SALMAN EE-126
HAFIZ KASHAF ZAIN EE-113
MUHAMMAD USAMA KHALID EE-129
SYED ALI RAZA ZAIDI EE-248
 ABSTRACT
Electric Power transmission lines are the unpackaged power carriers which are characterized
by high voltages and currents. These parameters create an electromagnetic environment in the
proximity of transmission lines .These fields can affect the human beings and nearby objects
in the proximity of transmission lines. Hence as part of any transmission line project it is
necessary to conduct EIA (Environmental Impact Assessment) and accordingly plan the ROW
(Right Of Way) for the transmission line projects. As part of EIA report, one of the main
studies relates to Field mapping (electric and magnetic) in the surrounding region of the
transmission lines

Introduction

In general, there are two types of currents with which the electromagnetic fields are created –
direct current (DC) and alternating current (AC). The EMF meters measure the electromagnetic
fields that are produced by AC current. To create it more clearly, it’s the type of current that
surges through electrical devices we use every day, such as the TV and microwave. The main
feature of the alternating current that creates the electromagnetic field that the EMF measures is
that this type of current moves in two directions up to sixty times in a minute, where the direct
current is static and cannot be measured by most of the EMF models industrial workers use.

Circuit Schematics
Components Required:

Hardware: ARDUINO UNO, power supply (5v), 100uF capacitor (2pieces),

49E Hall-Effect Linear Position Sensor, Breadboard.
Software: Arduino IDE.

WORKING DETAILS

Once a magnet is brought near the sensor, the sensor represents a voltage at output proportional
to the field, this value is taken up by UNO and shown in LCD/serial monitor.

HALL SENSOR

Working Principle of Hall Sensor (49E):

Its operating principle is the Hall effect; by circulating an electric current along a semiconductor
in the presence of a magnetic field, the electrons are deflected by the effect of the magnetic field,
giving rise to a voltage perpendicular to the current and the magnetic field.
In order to calculate the magnetic field from the measurement, we first measure the voltage using
an analogue Arduino input. Then we convert the voltage into magnetic flux density using the
formula interpolated (given in the code). Then print the values on the serial monitor or LCD.
Arduino Code:

Why you choose this Circuit?

 Easy to construct.
 Good linearity and high sensitivity.
 Miniature construction.
 Power consumption of 4 mA at 5 V dc for energy efficiency.
 Low-voltage operation down to 2.3 V dc.
 Low noise output virtually eliminates the need for filtering.
 Temperature range of -40 °C to 100 °C.
 Responds to either positive or negative gaussl.

Limitations of Circuit
 Only works on limited distance.
 Noises (unwanted pulses) in arduino.
 Takes time to reach actual value.
 Value does not stabilize, keeps changing.
 Not suitable for real life transmission towers and lines due to distance.
ANALYSIS OF OUTPUT RESULT

OUTPUT

Results From Different Magnets:

Magnets Field -
Strength(Gauss)
Bar Magnet 75 G
Ring Magnet 85.3G
Laptop Charging Cable -11.1G
 CIRCUIT

REFERENCES

1) https://circuitdigest.com/microcontroller-projects/arduino-magnetic-field-measurement
2) https://www.electronoobs.com/eng_arduino_tut82.php
3) https://p.globalsources.com/IMAGES/PDT/SPEC/440/K1139513440.pdf
4) https://www.globalspec.com/learnmore/sensors_transducers_detectors/electrical_electro
magnetic_sensing/magnetic_field_sensors
5) https://www.researchgate.net/publication/328183568_Comparative_study_of_magnetic_f
ields_measurements_with_logger_lite_and_Arduino_on_electronic_devices

6) Fatmaryanti, Siska & Al Hakim, Y & , Ashari. (2018). Comparative study of magnetic
fields measurements with logger lite and Arduino on electronic devices. IOP Conference
Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 403. 012033. 10.1088/1757-
899X/403/1/012033.