Colonial Food (Colonial Quest)

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

FOOD
Verna Fisher
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free ebooks ==> www.ebook777.com


FOOD
Verna Fisher
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Nomad Press
A division of Nomad Communications
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Copyright © 2010 by Nomad Press
All rights reserved.
No part of this book may be reproduced in any form without permission in writing from
the publisher, except by a reviewer who may quote brief passages in a review.
The trademark “Nomad Press” and the Nomad Press logo
are trademarks of Nomad Communications, Inc.
This book was manufactured by

Regal Printing Limited in China
June 2010, Job #1005018
ISBN: 978-1-934670-99-6
Illustrations by Andrew Christensen
Questions regarding the ordering of this book should be addressed to

Independent Publishers Group
814 N. Franklin St.
Chicago, IL 60610
www.ipgbook.com
Nomad Press
2456 Christian St.
White River Junction, VT 05001
www.nomadpress.net
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Contents
Map ~ Timeline
chapter 1
Surviving the Early Years~page 1
chapter 2
New Foods and Farming Techniques~page 5
chapter 3
Different Regions, Different Foods~page 11
chapter 4
At the Table~page 17
chapter 5
Food of the Native americans~page 21
Glossary ~ Further Investigations ~ Index

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Colonial
America
Middle
Colonies:
New York,
New Jersey,
Pennsylvania,
Delaware, and
Maryland.
Southern Colonies:
Virginia, North Carolina,
N
South Carolina, and
Georgia.
W E
S
iii
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New England:
Massachusetts,
1607
New Hampshire, Connecticut, 1. Virginia
and Rhode Island.
2. Massachusetts
3. New York
4. New Hampshire
In the 1600s, people 5. Maryland

began leaving Europe 6. Connecticut
to settle in America.
7. Rhode Island
Some were explorers
searching for gold, while 8. Delaware
others came looking for 9. North Carolina
freedom.
10. South Carolina
Jamestown in Virginia
11. New Jersey
and Plymouth in
Massachusetts were two 12. Pennsylvania
of the earliest settlements 13. Georgia
where these people came
to start a new life. 1733
iv
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Surviving
the Early Years
Can you imagine coming to a completely

strange place with no grocery stores or
restaurants?
1
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Words to
Know
colonist: a person who
came to settle America.
New World: what is
now America. It was called
the New World by people
from Europe because it
was new to them.
What if you had to find or grow all

of your own food? Sounds hard, right?
That’s just what the colonists had to do
when they came to the New World.
2
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The colonists found that many of the

crops they grew in Europe did not grow
well in Colonial America. The climate
and growing seasons were different in the
colonies.
Fruits that grew wild in America, such as
cranberries and blueberries, were new to
the settlers. At first, they
weren’t sure which
were safe to eat.
3
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During the early years, the colonists

even struggled to catch fish. It was a
difficult time. When winter
came along, there
was even less
food. Many
colonists did
not survive
their first
winter in
the New
World.
crops: plants
grown to eat.
Colonial America:
the name given to America
when talking about the
years 1607–1776.
climate: weather Words to
patterns in an area over a
long period of time.
Know
colonies: early
settlements in America.
4
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New Foods and
Farming Techniques
The Pilgrims were a group

of colonists who came to Massachusetts
starting in 1620.
5
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free ebooks ==> Pilgrims: people who came from
England in the 1620s to settle
Massachusetts.
Words to Know
In England,
Pilgrims had
been punished
for their beliefs.
The first Pilgrims arrived on a ship late in

the year. They had very little time to prepare
for the winter. More than half of the Pilgrims
died from the cold and lack of food.
6
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Luckily, the Pilgrims had help from a

Native American man named Tisquantum.
The settlers called him Squanto. He came
from the Wampanoag tribe.
7
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Did You Know?
It took a lot of hard work to
grow corn, harvest it, and grind the
corn into cornmeal. After the colonists
learned how to cook with corn from the
Native Americans, they enjoyed cornmeal
pancakes called johnnycakes.
Wampanoag: the Native American tribe of

Tisquantum. The Wampanoag lived in the area
where the Massachusetts colony was founded.
Words to Know
In the spring, Squanto taught the Pilgrims

how to raise corn. Corn was a crop that
did not grow in England. The colonists had
been trying to grow English wheat, but had
failed. The soil in Massachusetts was not
good for growing wheat.
8
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Squanto saved the lives

of the Pilgrims. In 1621, the
Pilgrims celebrated their good
harvest with a feast. Our
Thanksgiving is based on the
this first harvest feast!
The Pilgrims’ harvest feast
lasted for three days. The Pilgrims
cooked many turkey and geese, while the
Wampanoag brought five deer. The meal
also included fish, clams, corn, carrots,
and onions.
9
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The Native Americans did more

than just teach the colonists how
to grow corn and cook with it.
They also showed the colonists
new hunting techniques and
good places to hunt.
Before the meal, both the Pilgrims and

the Wampanoag gave thanks, each group
in their own way. Afterward, there was
plenty of good food, conversation, music,
and games to enjoy.
10
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Different Regions,
What the colonists ate depended on where

they lived. Colonists who lived along the
coast ate lots of fish, crab, and clams.
11
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Different Foods
Meanwhile, colonists in North and South

Carolina consumed lots of sweet potatoes. Sweet
potatoes grew well in these areas. They made
sweet potato puddings and pancakes, and
mashed sweet potatoes with butter.
12
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Did You Know?

At first, sugar came from England. Later, the
colonists got sugar from the West Indies, where
slaves grew it on large farms called plantations.
Sugar came in solid, cone-shaped loaves.
Colonists had to cut off a lump and grind it up
before they could even measure it!
13
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In colonial times sugar was
Then
and
an expensive luxury. It came by
ship over long distances.
Now Today, sugar is a common ingredient
that we use all the time and can
buy at the store.
In New England, apples grew well.

Colonists brought apple seeds with them
from England in the mid-1600s.
Apples are good to eat straight from the
tree. The settlers also turned ripe apples
into delicious applesauce and apple butter.
Apple butter is applesauce that has been
boiled down for a very long time, so it
becomes thicker and develops a stronger
flavor. Apple butter stays fresh longer than
applesauce.
Words to
Know
plantation: a large farm luxury:
in a hot climate. In colonial something that is
times plantations had slaves not a necessity.
for workers.
14
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The colonists kept livestock,

including cows and pigs. These animals
gave the settlers milk, butter, and meat.
15
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Gristmills were used to grind corn, wheat,

and oats into cornmeal and flour. Mills were
built next to a stream. The flowing water of
the stream turned a large wooden wheel,
connected to a grinding stone inside the
gristmill. As the wheel turned, it transferred
power from the water to the grinding
stone. The grinding stone mashed the corn,
wheat, or oats.
Words to Know
livestock: animals kept
by people to give them
food or to do work.
16
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At the Table
In the early days of Colonial America,

the settlers didn’t have time to make
furniture. They were too busy just trying
to survive!
17
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Colonists ate with knives or

spoons and even their hands.
The knives had pointed tips
for spearing pieces of food.
Dinner tables were very simple. The

colonists might even put wooden planks on
top of two barrels. People sat on stools or
benches.
Children ate their meal standing, while
the men sat in the few chairs.
18
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In colonial times people put
Then
and
their cloth napkins over
their shoulders.
Now Today, napkins are made of

cloth or paper, and we put
our napkins in our laps.
For plates, people used trenchers.

These were squares of wood with hollows
carved in their centers.
In some parts of America, trenchers
and wooden plates and cups were used
until the 1850s! Wealthier families
also used plates and cups made out
of clay or pewter.
Words to Know
trencher: a piece of pewter: a type
wood hollowed out and of metal that is
used instead of a plate. mostly tin.
19
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Did You Know?
Have you ever heard someone call a
kitchen “the heart of a home?” Is the
kitchen a busy place in your house?
In colonial times, the kitchen was even
busier. The kitchen fire was where women
cooked meals and made candles, boiled
water for baths and laundry, and warmed
damp laundry. Something was always
going on there!
20
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Food of the
Native Americans
Native Americans were skilled at living off

of the land. The Iroquois tribe often lived
near rivers. They used spears or nets with
handles to catch fish like salmon, herring,
or trout.
21
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Words to Know
smoking: drying meats
and fish by hanging them in
wood smoke.
preserve: to store food in
a way that protects it from
rotting.
By stringing large nets across a river, the

Iroquois could collect a lot of fish at one
time. The Wampanoag and Narragansett
tribes lived near the ocean and ate clams,
lobsters, and crabs.
At times of the year when fish were
plentiful, many other tribes traveled to the
ocean or rivers to catch fish. They smoked
or dried these fish to preserve them. Then
they brought the fish back to their villages to
eat later.
22
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Native American men were skilled

hunters and trappers. They used spears
or bows and arrows to hunt elk, moose,
deer, ducks, geese, and turkey. The men
also trapped beavers, foxes, rabbits,
raccoons, and squirrels.
The Native Americans
planted many crops. Corn was
a major food source for the
Native Americans.
The Iroquois planted corn,
beans, and squash together.
They called these plants the
Three Sisters, because they
get along well when they
are planted together.
23
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Spear and arrow How do the Three

points were made Sisters get along? As the
from stone, shell, beans grow, they climb
or bone. up the tall corn stalks.
Meanwhile, the squash
grows below the corn and
beans. Its huge leaves shade the ground
and prevent the soil from drying out and
weeds from growing. Corn and beans
together is a dish called succotash.
The Native Americans were grateful for
the food they received from nature. They
held festivals of thanksgiving
many times a year.
trapper: someone
who traps animals.
Words to Know
24
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Glo<<ary
climate: weather patterns plantation: a large farm
in an area over a long in a hot climate. In colonial
period of time. times plantations had slaves
for workers.
Colonial America: the
name given to America preserve: to store food in
when talking about the a way that protects it from
years 1607–1776. rotting.
colonies: early settlements smoking: drying meats and
in America. fish by hanging them in
wood smoke.
colonist: a person who
came to settle America. trapper: someone who
traps animals.
crops: plants grown
to eat. trencher: a piece of wood
hollowed out and used
livestock: animals kept by
instead of a plate.
people to give them food
or to do work. Wampanoag: the
Native American tribe
luxury: something that is
of Tisquantum. The
not a necessity.
Wampanoag lived in
New World: what is now the area where the
America. It was called the Massachusetts colony was
New World by people from founded.
Europe because it was new
to them.
pewter: a type of metal
that is mostly tin.
Pilgrims: people
who came from
England in the
1620s to settle
Massachusetts.
25
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Further Inve<tigation<
Books
Bordessa, Kris. Great Colonial America Projects You Can Build
Yourself. White River Junction, VT: Nomad Press, 2006.
Fisher, Verna. Explore Colonial America! 25 Great Projects,
Activities, Experiments. White River Junction, VT: Nomad Press,
2009.
Museums and Websites

Colonial Williamsburg Native Languages of the
www.history.org Americas
Williamsburg, Virginia www.native-languages.org
National Museum of the Social Studies for Kids
American Indian www.socialstudiesforkids.com
www.nmai.si.edu
Washington, D.C. and New The Mayflower
York, New York www.mayflowerhistory.com
Plimoth Plantation Virtual Jamestown

www.plimoth.org www.virtualjamestown.org
Plymouth, Massachusetts
America’s Library
www.americaslibrary.gov
Jamestown Settlement
www.historyisfun.org
Native American History
www.bigorrin.org
26
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Index
A M
apples/apple butter/ map of colonies, iii
applesauce, 14 meat, 10, 15, 23
animals, 15 milk/milk products, 15
B N
beans, 23–24 napkins, 19
butter, 15 Narragansett tribe, 22
Native Americans, 7–10,
C
21–24
climate, 3
corn/cornmeal, 8, 9, 10, P
16, 23–24 pigs, 15
Pilgrims, 5–10
D
Plymouth, Massachusetts,
dishes, 19
iv, 5–10
F
farming, 2–3, 8, 9, 23–24
S
silverware, 18
fish/fishing/seafood, 4,
Squanto (Tisquantum), 7–9
10, 11, 21–22
squash, 23–24
flour, 16
sugar, 13–14
fruits, 3, 14
sweet potatoes, 12
G
gristmills, 16
T
tables/tableware, 17–19
H Thanksgiving, festivals of,
hunting, 9, 23 9–10, 24
I Three Sisters, 23–24
Iroquois tribe, 21, 23 timeline, iv
J W
Jamestown, Virginia, iv Wampanoag tribe,
johnnycakes, 8 7–10, 22
wheat, 8, 16
K winter, 4, 6
kitchens, 20
knives, 18
27
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Children’s Education Resource
FOOD
What did people eat during colonial times? Did the colonists
buy their food in a store or grow it themselves? Who sat at
the dinner table? How did Native Americans help the colonists?
Colonial Food answers these questions and more.
Compare life today to life in colonial times.
Other Titles in the Series
Guided Reading Level: N

Interest Level: 1–3
$6.95 USA | $7.95 CAN
Did You Know? ISBN: 978-1-934670-99-6
Colonial America is the name

given to America when talking
about the years 1607–1776. Printed in Hong Kong
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free ebooks ==> www.ebook777.

This book was manufactured by

Illustrations by Andrew Christensen

Questions regarding the ordering of this book should be addressed to

Glossary ~ Further Investigations ~ Index

In the 1600s, people 5. Maryland

Can you imagine coming to a completely

What if you had to find or grow all

The colonists found that many of the

During the early years, the colonists

The Pilgrims were a group

The first Pilgrims arrived on a ship late in

Luckily, the Pilgrims had help from a

Wampanoag: the Native American tribe of

In the spring, Squanto taught the Pilgrims

Squanto saved the lives

The Native Americans did more

Before the meal, both the Pilgrims and

What the colonists ate depended on where

Meanwhile, colonists in North and South

Did You Know?

In New England, apples grew well.

The colonists kept livestock,

Gristmills were used to grind corn, wheat,

In the early days of Colonial America,

Colonists ate with knives or

Dinner tables were very simple. The

Now Today, napkins are made of

For plates, people used trenchers.

Native Americans were skilled at living off

By stringing large nets across a river, the

Native American men were skilled

Spear and arrow How do the Three

Museums and Websites

Plimoth Plantation Virtual Jamestown

Compare life today to life in colonial times.

Other Titles in the Series

Guided Reading Level: N

$6.95 USA | $7.95 CAN

Did You Know? ISBN: 978-1-934670-99-6

Colonial America is the name

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