Problem 4: A pipe whose diameter is 5 cm is insulated by asbestos with a thickness of 6.

4 mm
and fiberglass with a thickness of 2.5 cm. The outer temperature of the insulated pipe is 315 C,
The outer temperature of the fiberglass is 38 C. The thermal conductivity of asbestos and
fiberglass are 0.15 W/(m·K) and 0.05 W/(m·K) respectively. Determine the surface temperature
between asbestos and fiberglass.

2.5 cm Asbestos

Fiberglass 6.4 mm
dp = 5 cm
qr
Ti = 315 C r
Tx

Pipe To = 38 C

Known:
Ti = 315 C, To = 38 C, rpipe = 2.50 cm, rasbestos = 3.14 cm, rfiberglass = 5.64 cm,
kasbestos = 0.15 W/(m·K), kfiberglass = 0.05 W/(m·K).
Problem 5: A sphere containing saturated liquid nitrogen at -195 ℃ has an external diameter
of 80 cm. This sphere is insulated with a material whose thermal conductivity is 0.002 W/(m.K).
The thickness of the insulation is 20 mm. The average convection heat transfer coefficient
between sphere and the outside of the sphere is 30 W/(m2.K). What is the amount of vapor
nitrogen that is accumulated in the sphere per a day? (Latent heat of vaporization of nitrogen at
-195 ℃ is L = hlv = 87780 J/kg. The wall thickness of the sphere is neglected so conduction
resistance is neglected as well. The value of the average convection heat transfer is so great that
convection resistance inside of the sphere is neglected.)

𝑇𝑎2 = 35 C
Insulation material
ri
ro qr
𝑇𝑎1 = 195 C
r

Spherical tank

Known:
𝑇𝑎1 = 195 C, 𝑇𝑎2 = 35 C, do = 80 cm, tins = 20 mm, kins = 0.002 W/(m·K), h2 = 30 W/(m2·K),
L = hlv = hv  hl = 87 780 J/kg.
Problem 6: A rod with a diameter of 10 mm is maintained at 200 C because electric current
passes through the rod. The rod immersed in a fluid with a temperature of 25 C is insulated
with bakalite up to the thickness of critical radius. Thermal conductivity of bakalite is 1.4
W/(m·K). The average convection heat transfer coefficient between the rod and the fluid is 140
W/m2.K.

a) Determine the critical radius of bakalite.

b) Determine the heat transfer rate from the rod without insulation and with insulation per unit
length respectively.
c) Determine the thickness of bakalite to decrease the heat transfer rate from the rod without
insulation in the rate of 25%.

Bakalite
Rod
Rod

dr Tr = 200 C
dr Tr = 200 C r
r qr
qr
T∞ = 25 C rb,cr
T∞ = 25 C

Known:
Tr = 200 C, T = 25 C, dr = 10 mm, rr = 5 mm, tb = tb,cr, kb = 1.4 W/(m·K), h = 140 W/(m2·K).