Infection Prevention

in Health Care
Basic Practices
Dr.T.V.Rao MD

Dr.T.V.Rao MD 1
Teaching and Learning Module
ONE
• The Programme Created for
Schedule of training module at
Travancore Medical College, Kollam
Kerala as a part of Infection Control
Programme organised by Infection
Control Committee
Dr.T.V.Rao MD 2
 Nurses Role
in Infection Control
Follow correct
sanitization, disinfection
and sterilization
procedures
Help patient understand
basic disease prevention
Administer
immunizations and
educate patients about
Dr.T.V.Rao MD 3

immunizations
 Three Levels of Infection
Control
Sanitization – cleaning
and scrubbing
instruments and
equipment to remove
contaminated materials
and microorganisms
Disinfection – second
level used on
instruments and
equipments that come
in contact with intact
mucous membrane

Sterilization – complete destruction of all microorganisms-

pathogenic, beneficial, and harmless- surface of instrument
and equipment
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 Sanitization Methods
Collecting instruments – place in
container with water and neutral pH
detergent until you can get to them.
Use utility gloves always and mask,
eye protection and protective clothing
if blood, body fluids or tissue are
present
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 Sanitization Methods (cont.)
 Drain disinfectant or
detergent solution
 Rinse each piece under hot
running water
 Scrub each item using hot,
soapy water and small
plastic brush
 Pay careful attention to
hinges, ratchets and nooks
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 Standard Precautions
• Apply standard precautions to all
patients regardless of their
diagnosis, and to all
contaminated equipments and
materials.
• Use judgment in determining
which protective barriers are
necessary. Dr.T.V.Rao MD 7
 Sanitization Methods (cont.)
Rinse instruments individually and
place each one on a clean towel.
Roll all instruments in the towel to
remove moisture
Place instruments either in trays or
bins for storage or wrap for
sterilization
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 Disinfection
Wear gloves when handling instruments.
Disinfection solution must cover every
surface.
Used if instrument does not penetrate a
patient’s skin or mucous membranes
Enamelware
Endotracheal tubes
Glassware
Laryngoscopes and nasal specula
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 Standard Precautions
1. Hands Hygiene
2. Use Personal protective equipment's
(PPE)
• Gloves
• Gowns
• Masks
• Eye protection
• Face Shields
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 Discard needles and other sharps in
.Discard needles and other sharps in
the sharp containers which are located as
close as possible to the area of use. Don't
recap needles, If any ,use the Scoop
method (one hand method).

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USING “ SCOOP
METHOD’’

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 Never Recap Needle
You are Likely to Injure

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 Sharps containers
• Should be easily accessible
• At or below the level of the eyes
• Kept away from the pathways
• Not to be kept on the grounds.
• Should Not be overfilled more than 3/4
full.
• Never to be shake to get more space
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 CLEANING SPILLS (e.g. Blood & body fluids)
• Wear gloves and other PPE
• Absorb: Wipe up the spill with an
absorbent towel.Clean with detergent.
• Apply disinfectant to the contaminated
area using sodium hypochlorite( Clorox
1: 10= 1 volume+9 water volumes)
contact time 5-10min.
• Absorb Clorox and wash with water.
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 Hand Hygiene
• Alcohol-based Hand Rub
• Use of gloves does NOT
replace hand washing.
• Gloves must be changed in-
between patients.
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 HAND WASHING
• When to wash your hands :
• If hands are visibly dirty .
• Soiled hands with blood or body
fluids.
• After contact with: blood ,body
fluids, secretions or mucus
membranes.
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 When to wash your hands?
• After contact with intact or non-
intact skin.
• After handling items potentially
contaminated (equipments)
• In-between patients .
• After removing gloves.
• After using bathroom.
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 When to wash hands

• Before direct contact with

patient.
• Before donning (sterile) gloves.
• Before preparing or handling
medications.
• Before handling clean dressing.
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 When to use alcohol-based hand
rub
• If hands are NOT visibly soiled
alcohol rub could be used
instead of hand washing.
• If hand are visibly soiled
(contaminated) ,they should be
washed first.
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 PPE: Personal Protective Equipment's:

• Gloves donning & removal

• Other PPE donning &removal
• Donning & removal of N95 mask
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 Transmission-Based Precautions
• Used in addition to Standard
Precautions for Specified Patients
• Designed for the Care of Patients known
or suspected to be infected by
epidemiologically important pathogens
spread by: airborne, droplet, or contact
transmission.
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 Droplet Precautions
• For infectious agents with droplet nuclei > 5
microns, through cough or sneezing:
• Examples:
– Pertussis
– Influenza.
– Meningococcus meningitis.
• Precaution Details:
– Private room
– Surgical Mask if within 1 meter of patient.
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For effective segregation of waste,
provision of different types of waste
containers in all clinical areas, is
necessary.

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Dr.T.V.Rao MD 25
Never Forget Simple Washing
Saves Many Lives

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 • Programme
Created by Dr.T.V.Rao MD for
Benefit of Nursing Staff in Health
Care
• Email
• doctortvrao@gmail.com

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