Adjective

Resource Sir Ajmal

Person: Khan

Tayyba Bashir,
Presented by:
Naila Ghafoor
 Contents
Adjective

Kinds of Adjectives

Formation of Adjectives

Comparison of Adjectives

Formation of Comparative and Superlative

Interchange of the Degrees of Comparison

Position of Adjectives

The correct use of Adjectives

 A word used with a noun to describe or point out

Person Things

Animal

Or to tell the number, quantity or quality, is called

an Adjective.
She is wearing a shiny blue track suit

ADJECTIVES

NOUN
 It’s a bright sunny day.

ADJECTIVES

What is the adjective used in

the sentence?
ADJECTIVE ALSO ASK THE
QUESTIONS:

WHAT KIND? WHICH ONE?

Iqra is a clever girl. I like that boy.

HOW MANY? HOW MUCH?

She gave me five mangoes. He has little
intelligence.
 What kind?

Today is a warm day with hundreds

How many?
of birds chirping in the clear blue
sky.

What kind?
 ADJECTIVES ARE USED IN TWO WAYS:

Attributively Predicatively
 Example:  Example:
The lazy boy was punished. The boy is lazy.

Note
The adjective is used with the The adjective is used with
noun as an epithet or attribute. the verb, and forms part of
the predicate.
 KINDS OF ADJECTIVES
Adjectives of Quality (Descriptive Adjectives)
Adjectives of Quantity
Adjectives of Number
Demonstrative Adjectives
Interrogative Adjectives
Emphasizing Adjectives
Exclamatory Adjectives
It shows the kind or quality of noun.
Example
 He is an honest man.
 This is a grammar of English* language.

* Adjectives formed from proper nouns e.g.,(Turkish

tobacco, French wines, Indian tea.) are sometimes
called Proper Adjectives.
It shows how much of a thing is meant.
Example
He showed much patience.
You have no sense.
He has lost all his wealth.

Adjectives of quantity answer the question : How

much?
 Numeral Adjectives show how many persons or things are meant.

Example
 The hand has five fingers.
 Most boys like cricket.
Numeral adjectives are of three kinds; Cardinals,
a) Definite Numeral adjectives Denote exact number Ordinals
b) Indefinite Numeral adjectives Don’t denote exact number (all, any)
c) Distributive Numeral adjectives Refer to each one of a number.
Example:
1.Every word of it is true.
2.Pakistan expects every man to do his duty.
 Points out which person or thing is meant.

Example

 These mangoes are sour.

 I hate such things.
 Don’t be in such a hurry.

 Demonstrative adjectives answer the question: which?

 What, which, and whose, when they are used with nouns to
ask questions, are called interrogative adjectives.

Example
 What manner of man is he?
 Which way shall we go?
 Whose book is this?
 In the following sentences own and very is used as
emphasizing adjectives:

Example

 I saw it with my own eyes.

 Mind your own business.
 That is the very thing we want.
 The word what is sometimes used as an Exclamatory
Adjectives.
Example

 What an idea!
 What a blessing!
 What genius!
ONE SHOULD NOT USE TOO MANY
ADJECTIVES IN THE SENTENCES:

Example

The fierce ugly old brown

tiger.
x
TO MAKE A PERFECT SENTENCE ONE
SHOULD FOLLOW THE FOLLOWING ORDER:

SIZE

TEXTURE

COLOR

TYPE
The yellow big beach shiny
ball.
x
 The big shiny yellow beach
ball.
 FORMATION OF ADJECTIVES
 Many adjectives are formed from noun.

Noun Adjectives
Boy Boyish
Fool Foolish
Dirt Dirty

 Some adjectives are formed from verbs.

verb Adjectives
Talk Talkative
Move Moveable
tire tireless

cont.…
 FORMATION OF ADJECTIVES
 Some adjectives are formed from adjectives.

Adjective Adjective
Tragic Tragical
Black Blackish
Sick Sickly
Three Threefold
white whitish
 DEGREES OF COMPARISON
There are three degrees of comparison.
1. Positive Degree:
The positive degree of some adjective is the adjective in its simple form. It
denotes the mere existence of some quality. No comparison

Ex. Ayesha’s mango is sweet.

2. Comparative Degree:

It denotes higher a degree of the quality than the positive, and is used when two
things are compared.

Ex. Iqra’s mango is sweeter than Ayesha’s.

 3. Superlative Degree

It denotes the highest degree of quality, and is used when more

than two things are compared.
Ex. Fozia’s mango is sweetest of all.
Note
The superlative with most is sometimes used where is no
comparison, but merely to indicate the possession of a quality in
a very high degree; as
This is most unfortunate.
This usage is called the Superlative of Eminence, or the
Absolute Superlative.
 FORMATION OF COMPARATIVE AND
SUPERLATIVE
1. Most Adjectives of one syllable, and some of more than one, form
the comparative by adding “er” and the superlative by adding “est”
to the positive.

Positive Comparative Superlative

Small smaller smallest

Kind kinder kindest

great greater greatest

bold bolder boldest

 When the positive ends in “e” only “r” or “est” are added.

Positive Comparative Superlative

Brave braver Bravest
fine finer finest
 When the positive ends in “y”, preceded by a consonant, the “y” is changed
into “I” before adding “er” or “est”.
Positive Comparative Superlative
Happy happier Happiest
easy easier easiest
 When the positive ends in a single consonant, preceded by a sort vowel,
this consonant is doubled before adding “er” or “est”.
Positive Comparative Superlative
Red Redder Reddest
Big Bigger Biggest
3.When some word or phrase is joined to the adjective to
explain its meaning, the adjective is placed after its noun; as
He was a man fertile in resource.

4. In certain phrases the adjectives always comes after the

noun; as

God almighty,Time immemorial, lord paramount,

letters patent, Knights temporal etc.
2.Adjectives of more than two syllables form the comparative and the
superlative by putting more and most before the positive.

Positive Comparative Superlative

Beautiful More Beautiful Most Beautiful
Difficult More Difficult Most Difficult

3. When two objects are compared with each other, the latter term of
comparison must exclude the former; as

Iron is more useful than any other metal.

ASSIGNMENT:
Are you a dog lover?

 Say something about these

dogs.
 Compare the two dogs. Use
adjectives in describing each.
Which is which?

 Describe each dog and

compare one from another.
 Which of it do you want to be
your pet? Why?
 INTERCHANGE OF THE DEGREES OF
COMPARISON:
 It is possible to change the degree of comparison of an adjective
in a sentence, without changing the meaning of the sentence:

 Positive He is as wise as Solomon.

 Comparative Solomon was not wiser than he is.

 Positive Some poets are at least as great as Tennyson.

 Comparative Tennyson is not greater than some other poets.
 Superlative Tennyson is not greatest of all poets.
POSITION OF ADJECTIVES
1. An adjective used attributively is generally placed before the noun; as
O captain! My captain! Our fearful trip is done.

2. In poetry , it is frequently placed after the noun; as

Children dear, was it yesterday?
we heard the sweet bells over the bay.
O man with sisters dear!
 THE CORRECT USE OF ADJECTIVES
 Some, any __ some is used in affirmative sentences, any is used in
negative or interrogative sentences.
 I will buy some mangoes.
 I will not buy any mangoes.
 Have you bought any mangoes?
Note
But any can be used after if in affirmative sentences:
 If you need any money I will help you.
Some is used in questions which really offers/requests or expect the answer
“yes”.
Will you have some ice-cream? (offer)
Could you lend me some money? (request)
 Little, a little, the little:
 Little= not much (i.e., hardly any) negative meaning
 A little= some though not much. Positive meaning
 The little= not much , but all there is.

Example

 He showed little concern for his nephew.

 There is a little hope of recovery.
 The little information we had was not quite reliable.