UNITED INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY (UIU)

Dept. Of Electrical & Electronic Engineering (EEE)

Exam: Mid Term 1, Trimester: Summer, Year: 2011
Course: EEE 477 (Sec – A), Title: Power System Protection
Marks: 40, Time: 1:30 Hour

There are four questions. Answer all the questions. Figures in the right-hand margin
indicate full marks.

1. a) List the different errors that occur in a Current Transformer. Differentiate ratio error and [2]
composite error of a CT. What is the composite error for a CT of class 10P?

b) Why air-core CTs are preferred in some applications over iron-core CTs? [2]
c) What is residual PT? What is its application area? [2]

d) Consider a current transformer of nominal rated 200/5A and having secondary winding [2.5]
resistance of 0.25 ohm. Burden connected to secondary and specified as 0.4 ohm at
primary current of 2000A. Also the saturation factor is 15. The magnetization curve of
the CT is as shown in Figure 1. Find the ratio error of the CT.

Figure 1

e) What is Capacitor Voltage Transformer(CVT)? List the advantages and disadvantages of [1.5]
it

2. a) Explain the working of a directional power relay. What is its application area? [3]

b) Drawing the construction of a "Directional overcurrent relay", tell how it can work as a [3]
non-directional overcurrent relay?
c) With the help of torque equation, explain why an attracted armature type relay is [2]
subjected to vibration whereas an induction type relay is not.
d) List the advantages and disadvantages of an induction cup relay. [2]

3. a) What is a protective relay? What are the important qualities of a good protective [2.5]
relaying system?
Consider the following power system (as shown in Figure 3a). If a fault occurs at point F1
and relay associated with CB3 trips because of improper design of overcurrent relay,
improper CT ratio setting or improper time grading, comment on the selectivity of the
relaying system.
 Also consider the basic relaying system as shown in Figure 3b and the rating of relay coil
and CT ratio as described in the figure. Now, if the fault current is 2000A and the
minimum actuating quantity of the relay is 5A, comment on its sensitivity.

Figure 3a

Figure 3b

b) Explain why the operating time of a shaded- pole or watthour meter type relay is [4]
inversely proportional to the actuating quantity?
Determine the time of operation of a 5A, 3 second overcurrent relay having a current
setting of 120% and a time setting multiplier of 0.5 connected to supply circuit through a
300/5A current transformer when the circuit carries a fault current 3000A. Use the curve
shown in Figure 3.
 c) Explain the working of an induction cup relay. State its advantages and disadvantages. [3.5]

4. a) How does Merz-Pierce differential protection scheme works? What are its disadvantages? [4]

b) State the differences between circulating current differential protection and Balanced [4]
voltage differential protection. Indicate polarities of CTs and direction of currents for
internal faults.
c) Why a percentage differential relay is so named? During an internal fault, the secondary [2]
currents on two sides of a percentage differential relay are 5A and 3A. Determine the
current flowing through the relay operating coil and the restraining coil. Also find the
basic setting and the pick up value for the relay.