Professional Documents
Culture Documents
year Corn Wheat Oat Sorghum Soybean Hay Canola yield Sunflower
Yield yield yield yield yield yield (US) yield (US)
0.5
2.5
1.5
1966 82.0 41 60 52 27 2.38
1
1967 104.0 39 58 55 31 2.7
1968 90.0 37 66 60 31.5 2.72 0.5
1969 102.0 38 61 61 34 2.68
0
1970 74.0 37 56 56 31 2.69
1971 106.0 46 60 75 33 2.73
1972 110.0 45 63 70 34.5 2.97
1973 103.0 30 46 61 31.5 2.78
1974 82.0 30 53 45 24.5 2.71
1975 116.0 39 56 68 36 2.84 1117
1976 107.0 39 59 59 33 2.83 1072 1700
1977 105.0 43 61 64 38 3.01 1258
1978 111.0 38 56 68 33.5 3.02 1369 1600
1979 127.0 43 60 68 39 3.19 1350
1980 93.0 49 61 59 33.5 3.07 1019 1500
1981 126.0 50 66 63 38 3.07 1178
1982 131.0 45 59 78 38.5 3.2 1126 1400
f(x) = 5.4
1983 79.0 46 60 56 29.5 2.45 1041 R² = 0.07
1300
1984 114.0 44 69 69 31.5 3.18 1011
1985 135.0 49 78 77 42.5 3.51 1100
1200
1986 135.0 44 72 95 40 3.33 1367
1987 132.0 59 69 86 38 3.17 1473 1100
1988 73.0 54 51 75 27 2.21 921
1989 123.0 59 80 83 40 3.21 988 1000
1990 127.0 48 68 75 39 3.72 1205 0 2
1991 107.0 32 55 80 37.5 3.33 1300 1357
1992 149.0 54 61 103 43 3.1 1286 1249
1993 130.0 44 51 83 43 3.26 1350 1042
1994 156.0 56 61 99 45.5 2.86 1316 1435 1700
1995 113.0 49 67 69 39 3.4 1278 1201
1600
1996 136.0 38 66 84 40.5 3.01 1385 1470
1997 129.0 61 74 91 43 3.26 1237 1350 1500
1998 141.0 48 56 74 44 3.56 1448 1549 1400
1999 140.0 60 71 95 42 3.18 1306 1298 f(x) = 0.139
1300 R² = 0.1730
2000 151.0 57 73 95 44 3.14 1334 1375
1200
2001 152.0 61 80 105 45 3.34 1374 1361
2002 135.0 49 73 83 43 2.97 1197 1144 1100
2003 164.0 65 89 82 37 3.51 1416 1206 1000
2004 180.0 59 70 109 50 3.41 1618 1238 900
2005 143.0 61 79 92 46.5 2.96 1419 1564
800
2006 163.0 67 77 89 48 3.3 1366 1181
0 5
2007 178.0 57 68 44 1250 1454
Yield (bu/ac)
200
Corn Yield
Wheat yield
160 (Wheat
Polynomial f(x) yield)
= 0.00708993885862 x² + 1.06248845899414 x + 26.5883642972976
Oat yield
Sorghum yield
Soybean yield
80
f(x) = − 0.001628728024987 x² + 0.726807276931734 x + 25.5953135033358
60
f(x) = 0.001649164579797 x² + 0.454400782744286 x + 12.4702637106692
20
0
Year
Yield (to ns/ac)
3.5
f(x) = − 0.0002 x² + 0.0478 x + 0.7232
R² = 0.9132
3
2.5
1.5
0.5
2.5
1.5
0.5
0
Year
Chart Title
1700
1600
1500
1400
f(x) = 5.47058823529412 x + 1296.64705882353
R² = 0.079484257540391
1300
1200
1100
1000
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
1700
1600
1500
1400
f(x) = 0.139993900786121 x² + 2.51594266738952 x + 1148.5931085044
1300 R² = 0.173037559968475
1200
1100
1000
900
800
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
If state averages continued growing at the same ra
row new Corn Wheat Oat Sorghum
number years Yield yield yield yield
84 2008 165.2 57.7 79.5 95.3
85 2009 167.4 58.3 80.1 96.3
86 2010 169.7 58.9 80.6 97.2
87 2011 172.0 59.5 81.2 98.1
88 2012 174.2 60.2 81.7 99.1
89 2013 176.5 60.8 82.3 100.0
90 2014 178.9 61.4 82.8 100.9
91 2015 181.2 62.1 83.4 101.8
92 2016 183.5 62.7 83.9 102.7
93 2017 185.9 63.3 84.5 103.7
94 2018 188.3 64.0 85.0 104.6
95 2019 190.6 64.6 85.5 105.5
96 2020 193.0 65.3 86.1 106.4
s continued: ratios
Soybean Hay Canola Sunflower
yield yield yield yield
1.01 1.01 1.00 1.01
1.01 1.01 1.01 1.02
1.02 1.02 1.01 1.03
1.02 1.02 1.02 1.04
1.03 1.03 1.02 1.05
1.03 1.03 1.02 1.05
1.04 1.03 1.03 1.06
1.04 1.04 1.03 1.07
1.05 1.04 1.04 1.09
1.05 1.05 1.04 1.10
1.05 1.05 1.04 1.11
1.06 1.06 1.05 1.12
1.06 1.06 1.05 1.13
Elbehar and Barber 1998 Elbehar and Barber 1999
1997 N-response in Brownstown and Dixon Springs 1998 N-response in Brownstown and Dixon Springs
fall n spring n total n bu/ac % of max yield fall n spring n total n
0 0 0 47.5 65% 0 0 0
0 40 40 52.2 71% 0 40 40
0 80 80 55.3 75% 0 80 80
0 120 120 56.5 77% 0 120 120
20 20 40 52.9 72% 20 40 60
20 60 80 50.4 69% 20 80 100
20 100 120 60.5 82% 20 120 140
40 0 40 54.4 74% 40 40 80
40 40 80 57.5 78% 40 80 120
40 80 120 54.7 74% 40 120 160
60 20 80 56.3 77% 60 40 100
60 60 120 51.8 70% 60 80 140
0 120 120 58.1 79% 0 120 120
20 100 120 56.9 77% 20 100 120
40 80 120 58.7 80% 40 80 120
60 60 120 61.2 83% 60 60 120
40 80 120 56.0 76% 40 80 120
40 80 120 59.8 81% 40 80 120
0 120 120 70.2 96% 0 120 120
20 100 120 67.3 92% 20 100 120
40 80 120 69.1 94% 40 80 120
60 60 120 69.2 94% 60 60 120
40 80 120 65.7 89% 40 80 120
40 80 120 68.8 94% 40 80 120
0 0 0 42.9 58% 0 0 0
0 40 40 56.0 76% 0 40 40
0 80 80 66.6 91% 0 80 80
0 120 120 73.5 100% 0 120 120
20 20 40 48.1 65% 20 40 60
20 60 80 63.8 87% 20 80 100
20 100 120 73.0 99% 20 120 140
40 0 40 49.3 67% 40 40 80
40 40 80 60.2 82% 40 80 120
40 80 120 71.9 98% 40 120 160
60 20 80 59.5 81% 60 40 100
60 60 120 70.6 96% 60 80 140
0 120 120 64.4 88% 0 120 120
20 100 120 63.5 86% 20 100 120
40 80 120 63.3 86% 40 80 120
60 60 120 67.8 92% 60 60 120
40 80 120 65.6 89% 40 80 120
40 80 120 65.0 88% 40 80 120
0 120 120 68.3 93% 0 120 120
20 100 120 66.7 91% 20 100 120
40 80 120 66.7 91% 40 80 120
60 60 120 64.8 88% 60 60 120
40 80 120 67.1 91% 40 80 120
40 80 120 67.2 91% 40 80 120
B ushe ls of w he at pe r acre
combination of both databases
0 65%
40 71%
80 75%
120 77%
100
40 72% Average N-res
80 69% 90
120 82%
80
40 74%
80 78% 70
120 74%
60
80 77%
120 70% 50
120 79%
40
120 77%
120 80% 30
120 83%
20
120 76%
120 81% 10
120 96%
0
120 92% 0 20 40 60 80
120 94% Total pounds of nitro
120 94%
120 89%
120 94%
0 58%
40 76%
80 91%
120 100%
40 65%
80 87%
120 99%
40 67%
80 82%
120 98%
80 81%
120%
120 96%
Combination of % of max yie
% of maximum yield
120 88%
120 86%
120%
120 86%
120 92%
120 89%
120 88%
100%
120 93%
120 91%
120 91%
f(x) = − 0.000011 x² + 0.003381 x + 0.626576
120 88%
80%
120 91%
120 91%
0 74%
40 89%
80 87% 60%
120 83%
60 90%
100 83%
140 76% 40%
80 83%
120 79%
160 76%
100 86% 20%
140 80%
120 86%
120 87%
120 86% 0%
0 20 40 60 80 100
120 92% Total lbs. of nitr
120 89%
120 89%
120 84%
120 85%
120 87%
120 85%
120 87%
120 86%
0 79%
40 85%
80 92%
120 92%
60 87%
100 91%
140 88%
80 91%
120 89%
160 93%
100 89%
140 88%
120 92%
120 96%
120 99%
120 96%
120 99%
120 99%
120 100%
120 97%
120 94%
120 96%
120 99%
120 98%
0 37%
40 49%
80 58%
120 66%
60 53%
100 60%
140 68%
80 65%
120 71%
160 71%
100 69%
140 71%
0 88%
40 93%
80 95%
120 96%
60 95%
100 94%
140 90%
80 90%
120 93%
160 94%
100 91%
140 99%
120 77%
120 77%
120 77%
120 82%
120 79%
120 83%
120 75%
120 79%
120 82%
120 81%
120 83%
120 81%
120 98%
120 95%
120 98%
120 99%
120 93%
120 98%
120 98%
120 100%
120 97%
120 100%
120 96%
120 91%
0 60%
20 67%
25 63%
40 63%
45 69%
50 72%
65 71%
70 76%
75 78%
90 75%
95 78%
100 82%
115 80%
120 83%
125 83%
140 77%
145 88%
150 83%
170 83%
175 90%
190 87%
ehar and Barber 1999 Elbehar and Barber 2000
ownstown and Dixon Springs 1999 N-response in Brownstown and Dixon Springs
bu/ac % of max yield fall n spring n total n bu/ac % of max yield
55.3 74% 0 0 0 32.1 37%
66.1 89% 0 40 40 42.6 49%
64.9 87% 0 80 80 49.8 58%
61.3 83% 0 120 120 57.2 66%
67 90% 20 40 60 45.8 53%
61.3 83% 20 80 100 51.6 60%
56.4 76% 20 120 140 58.3 68%
61.6 83% 40 40 80 56 65%
58.5 79% 40 80 120 61.3 71%
56.8 76% 40 120 160 61.4 71%
63.9 86% 60 40 100 59.7 69%
59.1 80% 60 80 140 61.2 71%
64.1 86% 0 0 0 75.9 88%
64.4 87% 0 40 40 80.3 93%
64 86% 0 80 80 81.8 95%
68.7 92% 0 120 120 83.1 96%
66 89% 20 40 60 82.2 95%
65.8 89% 20 80 100 80.6 94%
62.4 84% 20 120 140 77.4 90%
63.1 85% 40 40 80 78 90%
65 87% 40 80 120 80.2 93%
63.1 85% 40 120 160 81.4 94%
64.6 87% 60 40 100 78.8 91%
64.2 86% 60 80 140 85.1 99%
58.9 79% 0 120 120 66.6 77%
63.1 85% 20 100 120 66.6 77%
68.1 92% 40 80 120 66.7 77%
68.1 92% 60 60 120 70.4 82%
64.7 87% 40 80 120 68.4 79%
67.9 91% 40 80 120 71.6 83%
65.4 88% 0 120 120 64.4 75%
67.6 91% 20 100 120 68 79%
66.3 89% 40 80 120 70.6 82%
69.2 93% 60 60 120 69.4 81%
66 89% 40 80 120 71.4 83%
65.7 88% 40 80 120 70.1 81%
68.7 92% 0 120 120 84.5 98%
71.4 96% 20 100 120 81.7 95%
73.6 99% 40 80 120 84.6 98%
71.5 96% 60 60 120 85 99%
73.8 99% 40 80 120 80.3 93%
73.2 99% 40 80 120 84.7 98%
74.3 100% 0 120 120 84.7 98%
72.4 97% 20 100 120 86.2 100%
69.9 94% 40 80 120 84 97%
71.5 96% 60 60 120 86.2 100%
73.8 99% 40 80 120 83.1 96%
72.5 98% 40 80 120 78.5 91%
1997
Polynomial
(1997)
1998
Polynomial
(1998)
90 82 91%
95 85 94% 80
100 89 99%
115 87 97% 60
120 90 100%
125 90 100%
40
140 84 93%
145 96 107%
150 90 100% 20
170 90 100%
175 98 109% 0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 1
190 95 106% Total lbs. of nitrogen per acre
at 4 test sites
Virginia
Pamunkey sl Conetoe ls Suffolk fsl
N (lbs/ac) yield (bu/ac) % of max yield yield (bu/ac) % of max yield yield (bu/ac) % of max yield
9.8 109.9 87% 54.2 89% 78.1 54%
30.3 119.5 95% 60.5 100% 84.4 58%
50.0 119.5 95% 63.7 105% 97.2 67%
50.0 122.7 97% 54.2 89% 95.6 66%
69.6 119.5 95% 31.9 53% 105.1 73%
69.6 116.3 92% 47.8 79% 103.6 71%
70.5 122.7 97% 52.6 87% 108.3 75%
90.1 117.9 94% 54.2 89% 124.3 86%
90.1 122.7 97% 35.0 58% 116.3 80%
109.7 117.9 94% 43.0 71% 127.5 88%
109.7 119.5 95% 47.8 79% 122.7 85%
110.6 117.9 94% 52.6 87% 135.4 93%
129.4 124.3 99% 49.4 82% 133.8 92%
130.3 119.5 95% 60.5 100% 132.2 91%
149.9 125.9 100% 60.5 100% 141.8 98%
149.9 121.1 96% 41.4 68% 135.4 93%
149.9 111.5 89% 44.6 74% 143.4 99%
169.5 124.3 99% 27.1 45% 138.6 96%
189.1 108.3 86% 44.6 74% 145.0 100%
189.1 116.3 92% 38.2 63% 137.0 95%
40%
20%
0%
0 20 40
Cecil-Appling
Bojac sl Wheeling sl complex
yield (bu/ac) % of max yield yield (bu/ac) % of max yield yield (bu/ac) % of max yield
105.1 67% 82.8 72% 114.7 61%
105.1 67% 73.3 64% 143.4 76%
113.1 72% 98.8 86% 160.9 85%
105.1 67% 92.4 81% 145.0 76%
108.3 69% 100.4 88% 141.8 75%
105.1 67% 94.0 82% 156.1 82%
122.7 78% 100.4 88% 143.4 76%
138.6 88% 106.7 93% 178.4 94%
122.7 78% 106.7 93% 162.5 86%
122.7 78% 109.9 96% 141.8 75%
117.9 75% 98.8 86% 170.5 90%
124.3 79% 106.7 93% 168.9 89%
143.4 91% 82.8 72% 165.7 87%
121.1 77% 100.4 88% 151.4 80%
137.0 87% 114.7 100% 176.8 93%
146.6 93% 113.1 99% 189.6 100%
141.8 90% 108.3 94% 159.3 84%
132.2 84% 106.7 93% 152.9 81%
151.4 96% 87.6 76% 138.6 73%
157.7 100% 84.4 74% 164.1 87%
.73007770
.73007770
tasets 50.0
100.0
87%
94%
150.0 100%
9.8 87%
30.3 95%
50.0 95%
50.0 97%
69.6 95%
69.6 92%
70.5 97%
90.1 94%
90.1 97%
109.7 94%
109.7 95%
110.6 94%
129.4 99%
130.3 95%
149.9 100%
149.9 96%
149.9 89%
169.5 99%
189.1 86%
189.1 92%
9.8 89%
30.3 100%
50.0 105%
50.0 89%
69.6 53%
69.6 79%
70.5 87%
90.1 89%
90.1 58%
109.7 71%
140 160 180 200 109.7 79%
110.6 87%
129.4 82%
130.3 100%
149.9 100%
149.9 68%
149.9 74%
169.5 45%
189.1 74%
189.1 63%
9.8 54%
30.3 58%
50.0 67%
50.0 66%
69.6 73%
69.6 71%
70.5 75%
90.1 86%
90.1 80%
109.7 88%
109.7 85%
110.6 93%
129.4 92%
130.3 91%
149.9 98%
149.9 93%
149.9 99%
169.5 96%
189.1 100%
189.1 95%
9.8 67%
30.3 67%
50.0 72%
50.0 67%
69.6 69%
69.6 67%
70.5 78%
90.1 88%
90.1 78%
109.7 78%
109.7 75%
110.6 79%
129.4 91%
130.3 77%
149.9 87%
149.9 93%
149.9 90%
169.5 84%
189.1 96%
189.1 100%
9.8 72%
30.3 64%
50.0 86%
50.0 81%
69.6 88%
69.6 82%
70.5 88%
90.1 93%
90.1 93%
109.7 96%
109.7 86%
110.6 93%
129.4 72%
130.3 88%
149.9 100%
149.9 99%
149.9 94%
169.5 93%
189.1 76%
189.1 74%
9.8 61%
30.3 76%
50.0 85%
50.0 76%
69.6 75%
69.6 82%
70.5 76%
90.1 94%
90.1 86%
109.7 75%
109.7 90%
110.6 89%
129.4 87%
130.3 80%
149.9 93%
149.9 100%
149.9 84%
169.5 81%
189.1 73%
189.1 87%
9.8 67%
30.3 77%
50.0 70%
50.0 75%
69.6 69%
69.6 100%
70.5 72%
90.1 67%
90.1 79%
109.7 75%
109.7 70%
110.6 72%
129.4 79%
130.3 66%
149.9 80%
149.9 75%
149.9 72%
169.5 62%
189.1 66%
189.1 69%
9.8 79%
30.3 63%
50.0 73%
50.0 77%
69.6 77%
69.6 72%
70.5 79%
90.1 81%
90.1 79%
109.7 72%
109.7 87%
110.6 86%
129.4 72%
130.3 71%
149.9 65%
149.9 100%
149.9 79%
169.5 68%
189.1 86%
189.1 78%
0.0 87%
31.2 91%
62.5 93%
93.7 98%
124.9 100%
0.0 85%
31.2 91%
62.5 96%
93.7 99%
124.9 100%
0.0 82%
31.2 91%
62.5 97%
93.7 99%
124.9 100%
0.0 70%
50.0 87%
100.0 94%
150.0 100%
HOPKINS
6.0
lbs/ac tons/ac grass tons/ac legume and grass
0 1.157 2.7
89 2.4 3.2 5.0 f(x) = − 0.0000143 x² + 0.0154421 x
179 3.3 3.7
345 4.9 4.9
4.0
557 5.3 5.3
0.0
0 100 200
FRAME
lb/ac N ton/ac total ton/ac clover ton/ac grass % legume content
0 3.5 1.8 1.6 58
107 3.9 1.1 2.8 28
214 4.5 0.5 4.0 11
321 5.2 0.2 5.0 4
557 5.3 0.0 5.3 0
MINNESOTA KENTUCKY
LOWER UPPER AVERAGE LOWER
Alfalfa 70 200 135 200
Birdsfoot trefoil 44 150 97 75
Kura clover 17 158 88 75
White clover 115 180 148 100
Cicer milkvetch 140 140 140 75
Red clover 60 200 130 100
Lespedeza - - - 75
Crownvetch 98 98 98 75
Hairy vetch 99 99 99 75
f(x) = − 0.0000143 x² + 0.0154421 x + 1.1446173
Column B
Polynomial
(Column B)
Column C
Polynomial
(Column C)
120%
100%
f(x) = − 2.66325053825406E-06
1.16847458516135E-06 x² + 0.002768860410142
0.001327092980703 x + 0.291834523098855
0.633053745025759
80%
total
Polynomial
60% (total)
clover
grass
40%
20%
0%
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
as % of total fixation
UPPER AVERAGE
10% 6%
23% 23%
26% 24%
18%
fixation (lbs/ac/yr)
600
% o f m ax im u m D M yie ld p e r acr e
Snyder
lbs/ac P % of max yield
0 63
50 87
100 100
150 100 120
Coastal Bermudagrass response to soil P
100
f(x) = − 0.000003 x³ − 0.001800 x² + 0.576667 x + 63.000000
80
60
40
20
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Bray P1 test (lbs P/ac)
45%
Rehm 40%
lbs/ac P % legume f(x) = 0.0025 x + 0.18
35% R² = 1
8 20%
28 25% 30%
48 30% 25%
68 35% 20%
88 40%
15%
10%
5%
0%
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
ponse to soil P
+ 63.000000
0 90 100
PALAZZO
pH ken. Blue. ken blue 2 tall fescue ryegrass1 ryegrass2 ryegrass3 ryegrass4
4 20 3 25 95 90 40 35
5 45 10 50 125 130 80 45
6 62 15 85 160 180 125 66
7 55 14 85 150 160 115 63
8 46 12 70 130 130 90 53
pH ken. Blue. ken blue 2 tall fescue ryegrass1 ryegrass2 ryegrass3 ryegrass4
4 32% 20% 29% 59% 50% 32% 53%
5 73% 67% 59% 78% 72% 64% 68%
6 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
7 89% 93% 100% 94% 89% 92% 95%
8 74% 80% 82% 81% 72% 72% 80%
12% 0%
21% 2%
53% 49%
98% 98%
100% 100% 100%
80%
FORMULAE
a b c
-0.091 1.197 -2.954 60%
40%
60%
-0.084 1.285 -3.924
-0.08 1.046 -2.434
-0.11 1.445 -3.757
-0.086 1.303 -3.92
-0.107 1.52 -4.359 40%
-0.121 1.657 -4.738
-0.082 1.347 -4.426
-0.096 1.306 -3.426
20%
0%
3.5 4 4.5
Forage response to soil pH
All grasses
Polynomial (All grasses
All legumes
Polynomial (All legumes
Ryegrass
Polynomial (Ryegrass)
Kentucky Bluegrass
All grasses
Polynomial (All grasses
All legumes
Polynomial (All legumes
Ryegrass
Polynomial (Ryegrass)
Kentucky Bluegrass
Polynomial (Kentucky
Bluegrass)
Alfalfa
Polynomial (Alfalfa)
Birdsfoot
Polynomial (Birdsfoot)
7.5 8 8.5
N lbs/ac yield lbs/ac % of max yield
0 979 73%
40 1237 93%
P-response
120 1335 100% 120%
100%
P lbs/ac yield lbs/ac % of max yield f(x) = − 0.000180 x² + 0.020688 x + 0.404583
26 1121.4 82% 80% R² = 0.989944
35 1254.9 92%
44 1308.3 95% 60%
53 1370.6 100% 40%
62 1361.7 99%
20%
N lbs/ac Yield lbs/ac % of max yield
0%
0 714 42% 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60
31 1161 68%
63 1473 87%
123 1697 100%
COLLECTION
lbs/ac N % of max yield N-response collection
0 73%
110%
80%
60%
45 50 55 60 65
40%
nse
20%
1159 x − 2.144201
0.9 0%
5 5.5
1.2
siteyear5
mg/ha % of max
0.58 19%
1.734 57%
2.573 85%
3.038 100%
collection
collection
ZUBRISKI
N lbs/ac Yield (lbs/ac) % of max yield
0 1958 72%
50 2537 93%
100 2717 100%
P lbs/ac Yield (lbs/ac) % of max yield
22 2360 96%
40 2449 100%
MASSEY
0 1404 66%
50 1987 93%
100 2132 100%
150 2112 99%
siteyear1
120%
ax yield
% of max yield
72 2.60 100%
4 0.40 19% 100% f(x) = − 0.00025 x² + 0.
R² = 0.89319
28 2.00 95%
siteyear2
56 2.10 100% 80%
92 2.00 95%
4 0.30 14% 60%
28 1.30 62%
siteyear3
52 2.00 95%
40%
82 2.10 100%
4 0.20 13%
20%
19 0.90 60%
siteyear4
34 1.40 93%
0%
55 1.50 100%
0 10 20
22 96%
40 100%
COLLECTION
0 72%
50 93% 110%
100 100%
0 66%
100%
50 93%
f(x) = − 0.000014 x² + 0.003480 x + 0.764742
100 100% R² = 0.330106
150 99%
90%
0 68%
75 100%
150 97% 80%
0 96%
75 100%
150 100% 70%
30 79%
60 92%
90 100% 60%
30 100%
60 98%
90 77% 50%
30 76% 0 20 40 60 80 100
50%
0 20 40 60 80 100
60 100%
90 73%
30 84% ppm soil test k
60 98% 50 100 75
90 100% 50 100 82.5
30 89% 60 120 90
60 96% 60 120 80
90 100% 60 120 75
30 89% 60 120 75
60 99% 60 120 70
90 100% 60 120 55
30 89% 70 140 85
60 84% 70 140 63
90 100% 80 160 83
30 79% 80 160 80
60 85% 90 180 130
90 100% 90 180 120
30 77% 90 180 110
60 89% 90 180 103
90 100% 90 180 95
30 94% 90 180 93
60 100% 90 180 90
90 93% 90 180 85
30 100% 120 240 100
60 90% 130 260 95
90 96% 130 260 80
30 70% 140 280 90
60 89% 150 300 93
90 100% 160 320 95
30 73% 170 340 103
60 89%
90 100%
30 90%
60 100%
90 78%
30 99%
60 100%
90 98%
30 98%
60 76%
90 100%
30 88%
60 94%
90 100%
30 88%
60 96%
90 100%
30 85%
60 88%
90 100%
30 72%
60 83%
90 100%
ow i got my sunflower yields by soiltype
siteyear3 siteyear4
% of max yield yield % of max yield
70% 1.3 68%
72% 1.4 74%
100% 1.9 100%
88% 1.5 79%
P-response of sunflower
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
lbs/ac P
764742
140
120
100
f(x) = − 0.0013 x² + 0.6637 x + 17.6521
R² = 0.3202
80
60
40
20
0
50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400
siteyear6 siteyear7 siteyear8 siteyear9
% of max yield yield (kg/ha) % of max yield yield (kg/ha) % of max yield yield (kg/ha)
89% 1904 89% 1577 79% 1814
99% 1796 84% 1709 85% 2084
100% 2150 100% 2000 100% 2351
350 400
siteyear9 siteyear10 siteyear11 siteyear12
% of max yield yield (kg/ha) % of max yield yield (kg/ha) % of max yield yield (kg/ha)
77% 1711 94% 2070 100% 1426
89% 1812 100% 1856 90% 1798
100% 1678 93% 1984 96% 2027
siteyear12 siteyear13 siteyear14 siteyear15
% of max yield yield (kg/ha) % of max yield yield (kg/ha) % of max yield yield (kg/ha)
70% 773 73% 625 90% 242
89% 943 89% 693 100% 245
100% 1056 100% 543 78% 241
siteyear15 siteyear16 siteyear17 siteyear18
% of max yield yield (kg/ha) % of max yield yield (kg/ha) % of max yield yield (kg/ha)
99% 489 98% 2355 88% 1839
100% 380 76% 2504 94% 1998
98% 497 100% 2675 100% 2080
siteyear18 siteyear19 siteyear20
% of max yield yield (kg/ha) % of max yield yield (kg/ha) % of max yield
88% 1826 85% 1421 72%
96% 1880 88% 1635 83%
100% 2142 100% 1967 100%
LIME RECCOMENDATIONS FOR ROW CROPS FROM ONLINE IAH LIME POWER
soil lime group soil lime group
soil test
A B C D E A B C D E
pH
4 16 11 9 5 7 13% 18% 24% 41% 15%
4.1 15 11 8 5 6 13% 18% 24% 41% 15%
4.2 14 10 8 5 6 13% 18% 24% 41% 15%
4.3 14 10 7 4 5 13% 18% 24% 41% 15%
4.4 13 9 7 4 5 13% 18% 24% 41% 15%
4.5 12 9 7 4 4 13% 18% 24% 41% 15%
4.6 11 8 6 4 4 13% 18% 24% 41% 15%
4.7 11 8 6 4 3 13% 18% 24% 41% 15%
4.8 10 7 6 3 3 13% 18% 24% 41% 15%
4.9 9 7 5 3 2 13% 18% 24% 41% 15%
5 8 6 5 3 2 13% 18% 24% 41% 15%
5.1 8 6 4 3 0 13% 18% 24% 41% 15%
5.2 7 5 4 3 0 13% 18% 24% 41% 15%
5.3 6 5 4 2 0 13% 18% 24% 41% 15%
5.4 5 4 3 2 0 13% 18% 24% 41% 15%
5.5 5 4 3 2 0 13% 18% 24% 41% 15%
5.6 4 3 3 2 0 13% 18% 24% 41% 15%
5.7 3 3 2 2 0 13% 18% 24% 41% 15%
5.8 3 2 2 1 0 13% 18% 24% 41% 15%
5.9 2 2 1 1 0 13% 18% 24% 41% 15%
6 1 1 1 1 0 13% 18% 24% 41% 15%
6.1 0 1 1 1 0 13% 18% 24% 41% 15%
6.2 0 0 0 1 0 13% 18% 24% 41% 15%
6.3 0 0 0 0 0 13% 18% 24% 41% 15%
6.4 0 0 0 0 0 13% 18% 24% 41% 15%
6.5 0 0 0 0 0 13% 18% 24% 41% 15%
6.6 0 0 0 0 0 13% 18% 24% 41% 15%
6.7 0 0 0 0 0 13% 18% 24% 41% 15%
6.8 0 0 0 0 0 13% 18% 24% 41% 15%
6.9 0 0 0 0 0 13% 18% 24% 41% 15%
7 0 0 0 0 0 13% 18% 24% 41% 15%
FINAL pH
soil lime group
A B C D E
160
R² = 0.991262188218427
140
120
corn
R² = 0.802007029927164 Linea
100 r
(corn)
soy
80 R² = 0.92828038624604 Linea
r
(soy)
60 whea
R² = 0.946177666480359
t
40 R² = 0.980168089064775
20
0
40 50 60 70 productivity
Crop 80 90 index
100 110 120 130 140
Table 2. Productivity of Illinois Soils Under Optimum Management, Slightly Eroded, 0% to 2% Slopes (2006)
Crop Crop
productiv productiv
Soybeans ity index
ity index
IL map Corn IL map Wheat
Soil for Soil for
symbol bu/ac bu/ac symbol bu/ac
average average
manage manage
ment ment
R² = 0.861457257439558
5
R² = 0.911313293019293
4
alfalfa
3 Linear (alfalfa)
0
40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140
Crop productivity index
Crop Crop
productiv productiv
ity index
IL map Oats IL map Sorghum ity index
Soil for Soil for
symbol bu/ac symbol bu/ac
average average
manage manage
ment ment
alfalfa
Linear (alfalfa)
Crop Crop
productiv Grass- productiv
Alfalfa ity index
IL map IL map legume ity index
Soil hay for Soil for
symbol symbol hay
tons/ac average average
ton/ac
manage manage
ment ment
180
R² = 0.98927545452917
160
140
corn
120 R² = 0.801577738319922 Linear (cor
soybeans
100 Polynomia
(soybeans
R² = 0.925774755909676 wheat
80 Polynomia
(wheat)
60 R² = 0.946379680802557 oats
Linear (oa
R² = 0.979854094743055 sorghum
40
20
0
40 60 80 100 120 140 160
Crop productivity index
Table 2. Productivity of Illinois Soils Under Optimum Management, Slightly Eroded, 0% to 2% Slopes (2006)
Crop Crop
productiv productiv
ity index ity index
IL map Soil Corn Soybeans IL map Soil Wheat
for for
symbol bu/ac bu/ac symbol bu/ac
average average
manage manage
ment ment
6 R² = 0.873859921386035
corn 5 R² = 0.911177733752724
Linear (corn)
soybeans
Polynomial 4
(soybeans)
wheat
Polynomial 3
(wheat)
oats
Linear (oats)
2
sorghum
0
140 160 40 60 80 100 120 140
Crop productivity index
Crop Crop
productiv productiv
ity index ity index
IL map Soil Oats IL map Soil Sorghum
for for
symbol bu/ac symbol bu/ac
average average
manage manage
ment ment
alfalfa
grass-legume hay
Linear (grass-legume
hay)
Crop Crop
productiv productiv
Grass- ity index
Alfalfa ity index
IL map Soil IL map Soil legume
hay for for
symbol symbol hay
tons/ac average average
ton/ac
manage manage
ment ment
3,757
5,050 13,000 7,200 5,660
3,304 3,000
10,000
6,000 5,860
8,000
7,470 5,680
3,000 4,600 2,300 4,000
16,180
10,426 19,380 11,380 6,440 8,000
5,199
9,900 11,600
KY MISS
11,810
3,933
Dry Matter
BOARD ON
OTHER AVERAGE COLORADO UIUC OREGON ARKANSAS
AGRICULTURE
61% 61%
15% 57% 57%
89% 57% 57%
35% 58%
20% 70%
43% 50% 50% 48%
92% 50% 50% 48%
61% 61%
21% 60% 59%
87% 60% 59%
28% 31% 28% 35% 35%
37% 65%
91% 65%
41% 60%
20% 66%
90% 66%
27% 64%
19% 63% 60%
90% 63% 60%
27% 64%
51% 56% 59%
93% 56% 59%
55% 55%
43% 50% 50% 48%
92% 50% 50% 48%
61% 61%
46% 63% 60% 53% 74%
63% 60% 53% 74%
61% 61%
71% 71%
13% 13%
17% 57% 57%
89% 57% 57%
35% 58%
63% 58% 59% 64% 55% 53%
89% 75% 74% 77% 77% 77%
90% 94% 94%
91% 58% 59% 64% 55% 53%
90% 32%
39% 23%
92% 48% 50% 45% 45%
29% 59% 59% 54% 64%
90% 59% 59% 54% 64%
61% 61%
91% 82%
22% 59%
90% 59%
88% 67%
35% 58%
24% 57%
89% 46%
23% 83%
25% 80%
50% 50%
60% 60%
46% 63% 60% 53% 74%
89% 63% 60% 53% 74%
61% 61%
BOARD ON
OTHER AVERAGE COLORADO UIUC OREGON ARKANSAS
AGRICULTURE
10% 8% 11%
12% 12%
57% 21% 21%
57% 21% 21%
58% 15%
70% 20%
51% 6% 7% 5%
51% 6% 7% 5%
12% 12%
60% 9% 9%
60% 9% 9%
28% 30% 28% 31% 35%
65% 12%
65% 12%
60% 14%
66% 19%
66% 19%
64% 19%
66% 23% 22%
66% 23% 22%
64% 19%
53% 15% 16%
53% 15% 16%
16% 16%
51% 6% 7% 5%
51% 6% 7% 5%
12% 12%
63% 12% 13% 6% 18%
63% 12% 13% 6% 18%
12% 12%
58% 58%
26% 26%
57% 21% 21%
57% 21% 21%
58% 15%
61% 9% 9% 9% 9% 10%
68% 13% 13% 13% 13% 14%
94% 17% 17%
61% 9% 9% 9% 9% 10%
32% 4%
23% 4%
50% 4% 4% 4% 4%
59% 12% 15% 8% 13%
59% 12% 15% 8% 13%
12% 12%
82% 26%
59% 20%
59% 20%
67% 11%
58% 15%
57% 13%
46% 9%
83% 9%
80% 8%
23% 23%
14% 14%
63% 12% 13% 6% 18%
63% 12% 13% 6% 18%
12% 12%
51% 6% 7% 5%
BOARD ON
OTHER
AGRICULTURE
17%
17%
23%
7%
7%
19%
19%
80%
27%
5%
10%
10%
28%
13%
8%
8%
4%
34%
28%
4%
37%
20%
21%
4%
1%
8%
8%
19%
19%
6%
0%
43%
23%
54%
10%
3%
6%
0%
22%
4%
21%
21%
15%
5%
5%
12%
12%
5%
23%
38%
21%
21%
15%
20%
5%
5%
9%
9%
28%
12%
12%
14%
19%
19%
19%
24%
24%
19%
15%
15%
5%
5%
11%
11%
21%
21%
15%
9%
12%
18%
9%
4%
4%
4%
13%
13%
26%
20%
20%
11%
15%
13%
9%
9%
8%
11%
11%
5%
17%
17%
19%
11%
11%
14%
20%
8%
13%
3%
10%
10%
11%
11%
8%
11%
12%
7%
5%
11%
11%
11%
5% 5%
40%
21%
12%
6%
5%
5%
14%
14%
11%
11%
4%
18% 16%
9%
9%
3%
3%
15%
29%
28%
8%
28%
4%
DM TDN CP
Alfalfa forage 23% 51% 16%
Alfalfa hay 90% 51% 16%
Alfalfa meal, dried 90% 59% 17%
Alfalfa silage 40% 55% 16%
Bakery waste 92% 89% 9%
Barley forage 29% 57% 8%
Barley grain 88% 84% 14%
Barley hay 90% 57% 8%
Barley malt sprouts w/ hulls 93% 71% 28%
Barley silage 39% 60% 12%
Barley straw 91% 40% 4%
Bean, dried (navy) 89% 75% 23%
Big bluestem forage 43% 58% 7%
Big bluestem hay 92% 58% 7%
Big bluestem silage 26% 61% 12%
Birdsfoot trefoil forage 24% 63% 19%
Birdsfoot trefoil hay 92% 63% 19%
Birdsfoot trefoil silage 40% 55% 16%
Blood meal 91% 63% 61%
Brewers dried grain 92% 74% 28%
Brewers grains wet 22% 57% 19%
Brewers yeast dried 94% 79% 48%
Browntop millet forage 28% 60% 9%
Browntop millet hay 87% 60% 9%
Browntop millet silage 31% 31% 30%
Buckwheat 88% 72% 13%
Buckwheat forage 22% 54% 8%
Buckwheat hay 88% 54% 8%
Buckwheat silage 31% 31% 30%
Buckwheat straw 90% 40% 4%
Buckwheat hulls 88% 17% 4%
Buckwheat middlings 89% 84% 34%
Cane molasses, dried 42% 73% 8%
Carrot 12% 10% 1%
Caucasian bluestem forage 43% 46% 8%
Caucasian bluestem hay 92% 46% 8%
Caucasian bluestem silage 26% 61% 12%
Chickory forage 9% 66% 19%
Chickory hay 90% 66% 19%
Chickory Silage 35% 22% 6%
Coffee grounds 81% 29% 7%
Corn 87% 88% 16%
Corn Distillers Gr. + Solubles 59% 88% 29%
Corn gluten feed 90% 79% 24%
Corn gluten meal 91% 84% 52%
Corn hominy feed 90% 90% 11%
Corn silage 33% 57% 7%
Corn stover 83% 55% 6%
Corrugated boxes (Ground) 93% 68% 0%
Cottonseed 92% 89% 23%
Cottonseed Hulls 91% 42% 4%
Cottonseed meal 92% 76% 46%
Crownvetch forage 23% 57% 21%
Crownvetch hay 89% 57% 21%
Crownvetch silage 35% 58% 15%
Eastern gammagrass forage 43% 50% 6%
Eastern gammagrass hay 92% 50% 6%
Eastern gammagrass silage 26% 61% 12%
Feather Meal 90% 68% 86%
Festolium forage 28% 61% 10%
Festolium hay 90% 61% 10%
Festolium silage 26% 61% 12%
Fishmeal 90% 73% 68%
Flax straw 90% 40% 5%
Flaxseed (linseed) 91% 72% 23%
Grass hay (purchased, unspecified species) 90% 49% 10%
Grass silage (purchased, unspecified species 26% 61% 12%
Hairy vetch forage 15% 57% 21%
Hairy vetch hay 89% 57% 21%
Hairy vetch silage 35% 58% 15%
Indiangrass forage 43% 50% 6%
Indiangrass hay 92% 50% 6%
Indiangrass silage 26% 61% 12%
Japanese or Pearl millet forage 21% 60% 9%
Japanese or Pearl millet hay 87% 60% 9%
Japanese or Pearl millet silage 31% 31% 30%
Kentucky bluegrass forage 37% 65% 12%
Kentucky bluegrass hay 91% 65% 12%
Kentucky Bluegrass silage 41% 60% 14%
Kura clover forage 20% 66% 19%
Kura clover hay 90% 66% 19%
Kura Clover Silage 27% 64% 19%
Ladino/White Clover forage 19% 63% 23%
Ladino/White Clover hay 90% 63% 23%
Ladino/White Clover silage 27% 64% 19%
Lespedeza forage 51% 56% 15%
Lespedeza hay 93% 56% 15%
Lespedeza silage 40% 55% 16%
Flaxseed (linseed) meal 91% 74% 38%
Little bluestem forage 43% 50% 6%
Little bluestem hay 92% 50% 6%
Little bluestem silage 26% 61% 12%
Meadow bromegrass forage 46% 63% 12%
Meadow bromegrass hay 88% 63% 12%
Meadow bromegrass silage 26% 61% 12%
Meat Meal 95% 71% 58%
Milk 12% 13% 26%
Milkvetch forage 17% 57% 21%
Milkvetch hay 89% 57% 21%
Milkvetch silage 35% 58% 15%
Oat forage 63% 58% 9%
Oat grain 89% 75% 13%
Oat groats or meal 90% 94% 17%
Oat hay 91% 58% 9%
Oat hulls 90% 32% 4%
Oat silage 36% 23% 4%
Oat straw 92% 48% 4%
Orchardgrass forage 29% 59% 12%
Orchardgrass hay 90% 59% 12%
Orchardgrass silage 26% 61% 12%
Peas (field) 91% 82% 26%
Pea forage 22% 59% 20%
Pea hay 90% 59% 20%
Pea pods 88% 67% 11%
Pea silage 35% 58% 15%
Pea vine silage 24% 57% 13%
Pea vines 89% 46% 9%
Potato 23% 83% 9%
Potato silage 25% 80% 8%
Poultry litter, broiler (AR) 79% 50% 23%
Poultry litter, brooder house 80% 60% 14%
Prairie Bromegrass forage 46% 63% 12%
Prairie Bromegrass hay 89% 63% 12%
Prairie Bromegrass silage 26% 61% 12%
Prairie hay (purchased, unspecified species) 91% 50% 6%
Canola pasture 15% 80% 20%
Canola seed (Rapeseed) 92% 76% 21%
Canola meal 92% 71% 40%
Canola straw 80% 19% 4%
Red clover forage 21% 59% 16%
Red clover hay 89% 59% 16%
Red clover silage 27% 64% 19%
Reed canarygrass forage 27% 56% 10%
Reed canarygrass hay 91% 56% 10%
Reed canarygrass silage 26% 61% 12%
Rye pasture 22% 60% 8%
Rye hay 88% 60% 8%
Rye grain 88% 83% 14%
Rye hay 89% 70% 20%
Rye silage 32% 53% 13%
Rye straw 90% 43% 3%
Ryegrass forage 27% 66% 10%
Ryegrass hay 86% 66% 10%
Ryegrass silage 26% 61% 12%
Smooth bromegrass forage 43% 61% 12%
Smooth bromegrass hay 92% 61% 12%
Smooth bromegrass silage 26% 61% 12%
Sorghum forage 34% 60% 8%
Sorghum grain (milo) 89% 84% 12%
Sorghum hay 92% 54% 12%
Sorghum silage 31% 59% 8%
Sorghum stover 87% 54% 5%
Sorghum, steam flaked 70% 88% 12%
Sorghum/Sudangrass hybrid forage 21% 58% 11%
Sorghum/Sudangrass hybrid hay 91% 58% 11%
Sorghum/Sudangrass hybrid silage 28% 56% 11%
Soybean 91% 93% 41%
Soybean hulls 94% 76% 12%
Soybean meal 90% 86% 52%
Soybean silage 27% 55% 17%
Soybean stover 89% 41% 5%
Sunflower hulls 90% 40% 5%
Sunflower meal 92% 64% 39%
Sunflower seeds 91% 81% 21%
Sunflower straw 85% 51% 6%
Sunflower silage 25% 55% 12%
Switchgrass forage 43% 50% 6%
Switchgrass hay 92% 50% 6%
Switchgrass silage 26% 61% 12%
Tall fescue forage 29% 53% 9%
Tall fescue hay 91% 53% 9%
Tall fescue silage 26% 61% 12%
Tallow 99% 177% 0%
Timothy forage 28% 64% 13%
Timothy hay 90% 64% 13%
Timothy silage 38% 22% 4%
Triticale 90% 84% 17%
Triticale forage 21% 55% 9%
Triticale hay 89% 55% 9%
Triticale silage 32% 18% 3%
Triticale straw 90% 44% 3%
Urea 99% 0% 29%
Wheat bran 89% 68% 17%
Wheat forage 22% 73% 29%
Wheat germ 88% 94% 28%
Wheat grain 89% 89% 14%
Wheat hay 88% 62% 8%
Wheat silage 31% 31% 30%
Wheat straw 89% 42% 4%
Whey Acid 7% 78% 14%
RUMINANT SWINE
DE Dry Metab.
SOURCES DM CP Matter Energy
Kcal/lb
% kcal/lb
Alfalfa hay 0.90 1,024 0.16 0.90 800
Alfalfa meal 0.90 1,178 0.17 0.92 791
Alfalfa silage 0.40 1,098 0.16
Animal fat, stabilized 1.00 3,585
Asparagus
Bakery waste 0.92 1,776 0.09 0.91 1,682
Barley grain 0.88 1,676 0.14 0.89 1,398
Barley hay 0.90 1,138 0.08
Barley malt sprouts w/ hulls 0.93 1,417 0.28
Barley silage 0.39 1,197 0.12
Barley straw 0.91 798 0.04
Bean, dried (navy) 0.89 1,497 0.23
Beet
Beet pulp dried 0.91 1,149
Big bluestem hay 0.92 1,160 0.07
Big bluestem silage 0.26 1,217 0.12
Birdsfoot trefoil hay 0.92 1,254 0.19
Birdsfoot trefoil silage 0.40 1,098 0.16
Blood cells, spray dried 0.92 1,124
Blood meal 0.91 1,251 0.61 0.92 1,124
Blood Plasma proteins 0.91 1,630
Brewers dried grain 0.92 1,467 0.28
Brewers grains wet 0.22 1,128 0.19
Brewers yeast dried 0.94 1,577 0.48 0.93 1,380
Broadbean seeds
Broccoli
Browntop millet grain
Browntop millet hay 0.87 1,202 0.09
Browntop millet silage 0.31 626 0.30
Brussels sprout
Buckwheat grain 0.88 1,429 0.13 0.88 1,200
Buckwheat groats
Buckwheat hay 0.88 1,073 0.08
Buckwheat hulls 0.88 331 0.04
Buckwheat middlings 0.89 1,670 0.34
Buckwheat silage 0.31 626 0.30
Buckwheat straw 0.90 798 0.04
Cabbage
Calcium Carbonate 1.00
Cane molasses, dried 0.42 1,457 0.08
Canola meal 0.92 1,420 0.40 0.93 1,210
Canola oil
Canola seed (Rapeseed) 0.92 1,511 0.21
Canola straw 0.80 379 0.04
Carrot
Casein dried 0.91 1,607
Cassava (Tapioca or Manioc) meal 0.88 1,514
Caucasian bluestem hay 0.90 918 0.08
Caucasian bluestem silage 0.26 1,217 0.12
Cauliflower
Celery
Chickory hay 0.90 1,313 0.19
Chickory silage 0.35 440 0.06
Coffee grounds 0.81 579 0.07
Corn 0.87 1,752 0.16 0.89 1,549
Corn distillers grains + solubles 0.59 1,756 0.29 0.91 1,350
Corn gluten feed 0.90 1,577 0.24 0.91 1,201
Corn gluten meal 0.91 1,683 0.52 0.90 1,685
Corn hominy feed 0.90 1,796 0.11 0.90 1,474
Corn oil
Corn silage 0.33 1,138 0.07
Corn starch
Corn stover 0.83 1,098 0.06
Cornmeal
Corrugated boxes (Ground) 0.93 1,357
Cottonseed 0.92 1,776 0.23
Cottonseed Hulls 0.91 828 0.04
Cottonseed meal 0.92 1,507 0.46 0.92 1,164
Cream
Crownvetch hay 0.89 1,141 0.21
Crownvetch silage 0.35 1,158 0.15
Cucumber
Dicalcium-Phospate 1.00 0
Dimono-Phosphate 1.00 0
Eastern gammagrass hay 0.92 992 0.06
Eastern gammagrass silage 0.26 1,217 0.12
Fababean (Broadbean) seeds 0.87 1,384
Feather Meal 0.90 1,357 0.86 0.93 1,130
Festolium hay 0.90 1,210 0.10
Festolium silage 0.26 1,217 0.12
Fish solubles, condensed 0.51 740
Fish meal 0.90 1,457 0.68 0.92 1,411
Flax straw 0.90 798 0.05
Flaxseed (linseed) 0.91 1,437 0.23
Flaxseed (linseed) meal 0.91 1,477 0.38 0.90 1,232
Flaxseed (linseed) oil
Gelatin by-products
Grass hay (purchased, unspecified species) 0.90 978 0.10
Grass silage (purchased, unspecified species 0.26 1,217 0.12
Grease, white 1.00 3,616
Hairy vetch hay 0.89 1,141 0.21
Hairy vetch silage 0.35 1,158 0.15
Indiangrass hay 0.92 992 0.06
Indiangrass silage 0.26 1,217 0.12
Japanese or Pearl Millet grain
Japanese or Pearl millet hay 0.87 1,192 0.09
Japanese or Pearl millet silage 0.31 626 0.30 0.90 1,340
Kentucky bluegrass hay 0.91 1,294 0.12
Kentucky Bluegrass silage 0.41 1,197 0.14
Kura clover hay 0.90 1,312 0.19
Kura clover silage 0.27 1,283 0.19
Lactose 0.92 1,500
Ladino/White clover hay 0.90 1,262 0.23
Ladino/White clover silage 0.27 1,283 0.19
Lespedeza hay 0.93 1,114 0.15
Lespedeza silage 0.40 1,098 0.16
Lettuce
Lima bean
Little bluestem hay 0.92 992 0.06
Little bluestem silage 0.26 1,217 0.12
Livers meal
Lysine 1.00 0
Meadow bromegrass hay 0.88 1,248 0.12
Meadow bromegrass silage 0.26 1,217 0.12
Meat and bone meal 1.00
Meat Meal 0.95 1,417 0.58 0.94 1,180
Melon
Methionine 1.00 0
Milk 0.12 259 0.26 0.95 1,664
Milkvetch hay 0.89 1,141 0.21
Milkvetch silage 0.35 1,158 0.15
Molasses, beet 0.74 1,080
Molasses, cane 0.74 910
Oat grain 0.89 1,489 0.13 0.89 1,237
Oat groats or meal 0.90 1,876 0.17 0.89 1,558
Oat hay 0.91 1,166 0.09
Oat hulls 0.90 629 0.04
Oat silage 0.36 459 0.04
Oat straw 0.92 948 0.04
Onion
Orchardgrass hay 0.90 1,179 0.12
Orchardgrass silage 0.26 1,217 0.12
Pea (canning)
Pea (chickpea, field pea, cowpea) 0.91 1,637 0.26 0.89 1,459
Pea hay 0.90 1,175 0.20
Pea pods 0.88 1,337 0.11
Pea silage 0.35 1,158 0.15
Pea vine silage 0.24 1,138 0.13
Pea vine straw 0.89 918 0.09
Peanut meal 0.92 1,508
Peas (shelled)
Peas (whole pods)
Pepper
Popcorn
Potato 0.23 1,649 0.09
Potato protein concentrate 0.91 1,764
Potato silage 0.25 1,597 0.08
Poultry byproduct meal 0.95 1,270
Poultry fat 1.00 3,718
Poultry litter, broiler (AR) 0.79 998 0.23
Poultry litter, brooder house 0.80 1,197 0.14
Prairie Bromegrass hay 0.89 1,248 0.12
Prairie Bromegrass silage 0.26 1,217 0.12
Prairie hay (purchased, unspecified species) 0.91 992 0.06
Pumpkin
Red clover hay 0.89 1,177 0.16
Red clover silage 0.27 1,283 0.19
Reed canarygrass hay 0.91 1,117 0.10
Reed canarygrass silage 0.26 1,217 0.12
Restaurant grease 1.00 3,730
Rice bran 0.90 1,298
Rice Brewers Grain 0.89 1,523
Rye grain 0.88 1,666 0.14 0.88 1,390
Rye hay 0.89 1,397 0.20
Rye silage 0.32 1,060 0.13
Rye straw 0.90 865 0.03
Ryegrass hay 0.86 1,313 0.10
Ryegrass silage 0.26 1,217 0.12
Safflower meal 0.92 1,155
Safflower seeds
Sesame meal 0.93 1,380
Smooth bromegrass hay 0.92 1,219 0.12
Smooth bromegrass silage 0.26 1,217 0.12
Snap beans
Sorghum grain (milo) 0.89 1,670 0.12 0.89 1,502
Sorghum hay 0.92 1,081 0.12
Sorghum silage 0.31 1,171 0.08
Sorghum stover 0.87 1,083 0.05
Sorghum syrup
Sorghum, steam flaked 0.70 1,756 0.12
Sorghum/Sudangrass hybrid hay 0.91 1,163 0.11
Sorghum/Sudangrass hybrid silage 0.28 1,119 0.11
Soybean 0.91 1,856 0.41 0.90 1,668
Soybean flour by-product
Soybean hulls 0.94 1,507 0.12
Soybean meal 0.90 1,706 0.52 0.90 1,496
Soybean oil 1.00 3,634
Soybean protein concentrate 0.90 1,591
Soybean protein isolate 0.92 1,618
Soybean silage 0.27 1,098 0.17
Soybean stover 0.89 818 0.05
Spinach
Squash
Sugar (sucrose) 1.00 1,527
Sunflower hulls 0.90 798 0.05
Sunflower meal 0.92 1,272 0.39 0.92 1,131
Sunflower oil
Sunflower seeds 0.91 1,607 0.21
Sunflower silage 0.25 1,098 0.12
Sunflower straw 0.85 1,018 0.06
Sweetcorn
Switchgrass hay 0.92 992 0.06
Switchgrass silage 0.26 1,217 0.12
Tall fescue hay 0.91 1,066 0.09
Tall fescue silage 0.26 1,217 0.12
Tallow 0.99 3,533 1.00 3,491
Threonine 1.00 0
Timothy hay 0.90 1,269 0.13
Timothy silage 0.38 439 0.04
Tomato
Torula yeast, dehydrated 0.93 1,257
Triticale 0.90 1,671 0.17 0.90 2,023
Triticale hay 0.89 1,098 0.09
Triticale silage 0.32 352 0.03
Triticale straw 0.90 878 0.03
Tryptophan 1.00 0
Urea 0.99 0 0.29
Wheat bran 0.89 1,350 0.17 0.90 1,017
Wheat flour (white)
Wheat flour by-product
Wheat germ 0.88 1,882 0.28
Wheat grain 0.89 1,781 0.14 0.88 1,462
Wheat hay 0.88 1,236 0.08
Wheat middlings 0.89 1,366
Wheat silage 0.31 626 0.30
Wheat straw 0.89 847 0.04
Whey 0.07 1,557 0.14 0.95 1,358
SWINE POULTRY PEOPLE AVG
Crude PROTIEN
Protien DM Kcal/lb PROTIEN Kcal/lb PROTIEN DM lbs/lb Kcal/lb
lbs/lb
%
0.15 0.90 912 0.16
0.18 0.92 459 0.19 0.91 809 0.18
0.40 1,098 0.16
0.00 1.00 3,585 0.00
88 0.03 88 0.03
0.11 0.92 1,676 0.11 0.92 1,712 0.10
0.12 0.89 1,315 0.11 0.89 1,463 0.12
0.90 1,138 0.08
0.93 1,417 0.28
0.39 1,197 0.12
0.91 798 0.04
0.89 1,497 0.23
1,291 0.02 1,291 0.02
0.09 0.91 1,149 0.09
0.92 1,160 0.07
0.26 1,217 0.12
0.92 1,254 0.19
0.40 1,098 0.16
0.85 0.92 1,124 0.85
0.84 0.94 1,644 0.85 0.92 1,340 0.77
0.75 0.91 1,630 0.75
0.92 0.25 0.92 1,467 0.27
0.22 1,128 0.19
0.45 0.93 1,195 0.44 0.93 1,384 0.46
0.87 1,061 0.24 0.87 1,061 0.24
158 0.03 158 0.03
0.90 1,315 0.12 0.90 1,315 0.12
0.87 1,202 0.09
0.31 626 0.30
177 0.0310 177 0.03
0.11 0.88 1,250 0.11 0.88 1,293 0.11
418 0.03 418 0.03
0.88 1,073 0.08
0.88 331 0.04
0.89 1,670 0.34
0.31 626 0.30
0.90 798 0.04
127 0.02 127 0.02
1.00 0 0.00
0.42 1,457 0.08
0.36 0.93 1,315 0.38
4,002 0.00 4,002 0.00
0.93 939 0.38 0.93 1,225 0.30
0.80 379 0.04
187 0.01 187 0.01
0.89 0.93 1,875 0.86 0.92 1,741 0.87
0.03 0.88 1,514 0.03
0.90 918 0.08
0.26 1,217 0.12
109 0.02 109 0.02
71 0.01 71 0.01
0.90 1,313 0.19
0.35 440 0.06
0.81 579 0.07
0.08 0.89 1,574 0.09 0.88 1,625 0.11
0.27 0.93 1,405 0.27 0.81 1,504 0.28
0.22 0.90 1,011 0.21 0.90 1,263 0.22
0.61 0.90 1,729 0.62 0.90 1,699 0.58
0.10 0.90 1,483 0.10 0.90 1,584 0.11
4,002 0.00 4,002 0.00
0.33 1,138 0.07
1,744 0.00 1,744 0.00
0.83 1,098 0.06
1,643 0.08 1,643 0.08
0.93 1,357 0.00
0.92 1,776 0.23
0.91 828 0.04
0.42 0.91 968 0.42 0.91 1,213 0.43
0.58 1,572 0.02
0.89 1,141 0.21
0.35 1,158 0.15
68 0.65 68 0.65
0.00 1.00 0 0.00
0.00 1.00 0 0.00
0.92 992 0.06
0.26 1,217 0.12
0.25 0.87 1,384 0.25
0.85 0.93 1,486 0.81 0.92 1,324 0.84
0.90 1,210 0.10
0.26 1,217 0.12
0.32 0.72 0.48 0.61 740 0.40
0.65 0.92 338 0.65 0.91 1,068 0.66
0.90 798 0.05
0.91 1,437 0.23
0.34 0.90 1,354 0.36
4,002 0.00 4,002 0.00
0.91 1,374 0.88 0.91 1,374 0.88
0.90 978 0.10
0.26 1,217 0.12
0.00 1.00 3,616 0.00
0.89 1,141 0.21
0.35 1,158 0.15
0.92 992 0.06
0.26 1,217 0.12
0.91 1,527 0.14 0.91 1,527 0.14
0.87 1,192 0.09
0.11 0.61 983 0.21
0.91 1,294 0.12
0.41 1,197 0.14
0.90 1,312 0.19
0.27 1,283 0.19
0.00 0.92 1,500 0.00
0.90 1,262 0.23
0.27 1,283 0.19
0.93 1,114 0.15
0.40 1,098 0.16
64 0.01 64 0.01
448 0.06 448 0.06
0.92 992 0.06
0.26 1,217 0.12
0.92 1,297 0.66 0.92 1,297 0.66
0.96 1.00 0 0.96
0.88 1,248 0.12
0.26 1,217 0.12
0.51 0.93 1,132 0.50 0.97 1,132 0.51
0.54 0.92 0.54 0.94 1,298 0.56
159 0.01 159 0.01
0.00 1.00 0 0.00
0.34 0.93 0.36 0.67 962 0.32
0.89 1,141 0.21
0.35 1,158 0.15
0.07 0.74 1,080 0.07
0.04 0.74 910 0.04
0.12 0.89 1,191 0.11 0.89 1,306 0.12
0.15 0.89 1,717 0.16
0.91 1,166 0.09
0.90 629 0.04
0.36 459 0.04
0.92 0.05 0.92 948 0.04
186 0.01 186 0.01
0.90 1,179 0.12
0.26 1,217 0.12
333 0.04 333 0.04
0.23 0.90 1,204 0.24 0.90 1,433 0.24
0.90 1,175 0.20
0.88 1,337 0.11
0.35 1,158 0.15
0.24 1,138 0.13
0.89 918 0.09
0.46 0.91 1,117 0.46 0.92 1,312 0.46
535 0.08 535 0.08
213 0.04 213 0.04
123 0.01 123 0.01
1,758 0.13 1,758 0.13
0.23 1,649 0.09
0.74 0.91 1,764 0.74
0.25 1,597 0.08
0.65 0.93 1,415 0.60 0.94 1,343 0.63
1.00 3,718 0.00
0.79 998 0.23
0.80 1,197 0.14
0.89 1,248 0.12
0.26 1,217 0.12
0.91 992 0.06
122 0.01 122 0.01
0.89 1,177 0.16
0.27 1,283 0.19
0.91 1,117 0.10
0.26 1,217 0.12
1.00 3,730 0.00
0.14 0.91 1,399 0.13 0.91 1,349 0.13
0.08 0.89 1,604 0.09 0.89 1,563 0.08
0.12 0.88 1,329 0.12 0.88 1,462 0.13
0.89 1,397 0.20
0.32 1,060 0.13
0.90 865 0.03
0.86 1,313 0.10
0.26 1,217 0.12
0.33 0.92 1,155 0.33
0.92 706 0.33 0.92 706 0.33
0.43 0.93 897 0.44 0.93 1,138 0.43
0.92 1,219 0.12
0.26 1,217 0.12
127 0.02 127 0.02
0.09 0.88 1,531 0.10 0.89 1,568 0.10
0.92 1,081 0.12
0.31 1,171 0.08
0.87 1,083 0.05
1,315 0.00 1,315 0.00
0.70 1,756 0.12
0.91 1,163 0.11
0.28 1,119 0.11
0.36 0.90 1,356 0.37 0.90 1,627 0.38
0.89 327 0.13 0.89 327 0.13
0.94 1,507 0.12
0.46 0.90 1,127 0.46 0.90 1,443 0.48
0.00 1.00 3,634 0.00
0.64 0.93 0.84 0.92 1,591 0.74
0.86 0.92 1,618 0.86
0.27 1,098 0.17
0.89 818 0.05
98 0.03 98 0.03
138 0.01 138 0.01
0.00 1.00 1,527 0.00
0.90 798 0.05
0.35 0.92 934 0.39 0.92 1,112 0.37
4,002 0.00 4,002 0.00
0.91 1,607 0.21
0.25 1,098 0.12
0.85 1,018 0.06
379 0.02 379 0.02
0.92 992 0.06
0.26 1,217 0.12
0.91 1,066 0.09
0.26 1,217 0.12
0.00 1.00 3,512 0.00
0.00 1.00 0 0.00
0.90 1,269 0.13
0.38 439 0.04
100 0.01 100 0.01
0.46 0.93 0.47 0.93 1,257 0.47
0.13 0.90 1,426 0.14 0.90 1,707 0.14
0.89 1,098 0.09
0.32 352 0.03
0.90 878 0.03
0.00 1.00 0 0.00
0.99 0 0.29
0.15 0.89 782 0.16 0.89 1,050 0.16
1,651 0.10 1,651 0.10
0.88 1,082 0.16 0.88 1,082 0.16
0.88 1,882 0.28
0.13 0.88 0.13 0.88 1,622 0.13
0.88 1,236 0.08
0.16 0.89 1,366 0.16
0.31 626 0.30
0.89 847 0.04
0.15 0.92 314 0.15 0.65 1,076 0.15
http://www.uaex.edu/Other_Areas/publications/PDF/MP297/11_sorghum_for_forage.pdf
grain yield bu grain yield lbs dm grain lbs dm whole tons dm whole lbs dm stover
51 2856 2542 6.2 12400 9858
99 5544 4934 5.8 11600 6666
80 4480 3987 6.8 13600 9613
107 5992 5333 5.5 11000 5667
73 4088 3638 7.3 14600 10962
89 4984 4436 7.2 14400 9964
45 2520 2243 4.6 9200 6957
53 2968 2642 3.5 7000 4358
sorghum_for_forage.pdf
dm stover % of wet grain
3.45
1.20
2.15
0.95
2.68
2.00
2.76
1.47
2.08
DATA…
gasoline diesel LP gas
shred stalks 1 0.72 1.2
plow 8 inches deep 2.35 1.68 2.82
heavy offset disk 1.33 0.95 1.6
chisel plow 1.54 1.1 1.85
tandem disk, stalks 0.63 0.45 0.76
tandem disk, chiseled 0.77 0.55 0.92
tandem disk, plowed 0.91 0.65 1.09
field cultivate 0.84 0.6 1.01
spring-tooth harrow 0.56 0.4 0.67
spike-tooth harrow 0.42 0.3 0.5
mulch treader 0.42 0.3 0.5
rod weeder 0.42 0.3 0.5
sweep plow 0.84 0.6 1.01
cultivate row crops 0.63 0.45 0.76
rolling cultivator 0.49 0.35 0.59
rotary hoe 0.35 0.25 0.42
anhydrous applicator 0.91 0.65 1.09
planting row crops 0.7 0.5 0.84
no-till planter 0.49 0.35 0.59
till plant (with sweep) 0.56 0.4 0.67
grain drill 0.49 0.35 0.59
combine, small grains 1.4 1 1.68
combine, beans 1.54 1.1 1.85
combine, corn and sorgum 2.24 1.6 2.69
cutterbar mower 0.49 0.35 0.59
mower conditioner 0.84 0.6 1.01
swather 0.77 0.55 0.92
rake, single 0.35 0.25 0.42
rake, tandem 0.21 0.15 0.25
baler 0.63 0.45 0.76
stack wagon 0.7 0.5 0.84
sprayer 0.14 0.1 0.17
rotary mower 1.12 0.8 1.34
haul small grains 0.84 0.6 1.01
grain drying 8.4 6 10.08
forage harvester, green forage 1.33 0.95 1.6
forage harvester, haylage 1.75 1.25 2.1
forage harvester, silage 5.04 3.6 6.05
forage blower, green forage 0.49 0.35 0.59
forage blower, haylage 0.35 0.25 0.42
forage blower, silage 1.96 1.4 2.35
DATA…
Field Operation Gasoline Diesel
FERTILIZATION
Spreading dry fertilizer, bulk cart 0.20 0.15
Anhydrous ammonia (30-inch spacing) 0.80 0.60
TILLAGE
Shreading cornstalks 0.70 0.50
Moldboard plow 2.70 1.90
Chisel plow 1.70 1.20
Offset disk 1.35 0.95
Powered rotary tiller 2.30 1.60
Tandem disk, plowed field 1.00 0.70
Tandem disk, tilled field 0.85 0.60
Tandem disk, cornstalks 0.70 0.50
Field cultivate, plowed field 1.15 0.80
Field cultivate, tilled field 1.00 0.70
Spring-tooth harrow, plowed field 1.00 0.70
Spring-tooth harrow, tilled field 0.85 0.60
Peg-tooth harrow, tilled field 0.45 0.30
PLANTING (30-inch rows)
Planter, seed only, tilled seedbed 0.65 0.45
Planter with fertilizer & pesticide attachments, tilled see 0.85 0.60
Till-planter (sweep) 0.85 0.60
No-till planter (fluted coulter) 0.70 0.50
Harrow-plant combination 1.30 0.90
Rotary strip till-plant 1.50 1.05
Grain drill 0.50 0.35
Broadcast seeder 0.20 0.15
WEED CONTROL (30-inch rows)
Sprayer, trailer type 0.15 0.10
Rotary hoe 0.30 0.20
Sweep cultivator 0.65 0.45
Rolling cultivator 0.60 0.40
Cultivator with disk killers 0.65 0.45
Powered rotary cultivator 1.00 0.70
HARVESTING
Cutterbar mower 0.55 0.35
Mower-conditioner, PTO 0.85 0.60
Self-propelled windrower 0.70 0.50
Rake 0.35 0.25
Baler 0.65 0.45
Stack-forming wagon 0.70 0.50
Forage harvester
Green forage 1.35 0.95
Haylage 1.80 1.25
Corn Silage 5.20 3.60
High-moisture ground ear corn 2.75 1.90
Forage blower
Green forage 0.50 0.35
Haylage 0.35 0.25
Corn silage 2.00 1.40
High-moisture ground ear corn 0.65 0.45
Combine, soybeans 1.70 1.10
Combine, corn 2.35 1.60
Corn picker 1.75 1.15
Grain drying, corn 10.90 7.50
Hauling, field plus 1/2 mile on graveled road
Green forage 0.55 0.35
Haylage 0.30 0.20
Corn silage 2.00 1.40
Corn grain 0.30 0.20
Soybeans 0.12 0.08
Hauling, add to values above for each additional mile on gravel
Green forage 0.20 0.14
Haylage 0.30 0.20
Corn silage 1.30 0.90
Corn grain 0.20 0.15
Soybeans 0.07 0.05
Field Operation Gasoline (IA)
Spreading dry fertilizer, bulk cart 0.20
FERTILIZATION
Anhydrous ammonia (30-inch spacing) 0.80
Shreading cornstalks 0.70
Moldboard plow 2.70
Chisel plow 1.70
sweep plow
Offset disk 1.35
Powered rotary tiller 2.30
Tandem disk, plowed field 1.00
TILLAGE
Tandem disk, tilled field 0.85
Tandem disk, cornstalks 0.70
Field cultivate, plowed field 1.15
Field cultivate, tilled field 1.00
Spring-tooth harrow, plowed field 0.85
Spring-tooth harrow, tilled field 0.85
Peg-tooth harrow, tilled field 0.45
Planter, seed only, tilled seedbed 0.65
Planter with fertilizer & pesticide attachments, tilled seedbed 0.85
Till-planter (sweep) 0.85
No-till planter (fluted coulter) 0.70
PLANTING
Harrow-plant combination 1.30
Rotary strip till-plant 1.50
Grain drill 0.50
Broadcast seeder 0.20
Sprayer, trailer type 0.15
Rotary hoe 0.30
Sweep cultivator 0.65
Rolling cultivator 0.60
WEED CONTROL
Rod weeder
Mulch treader
Cultivator with disk killers 0.65
Powered rotary cultivator 1.00
Cutterbar mower 0.55
Rotary mower
Mower-conditioner, PTO 0.85
Windrower/ Swather 0.70
Rake (single) 0.35
Rake (tandem) 0.35
Baler 0.65
Stack-forming wagon 0.70
Green forage harvester 1.35
HARVESTING
Haylage harvester 1.80
HARVESTING
1
btu/pound average
Corn stover 7,560 8,023 7,593 7,725
Wheat straw 6,840 6,839 7,500 7,375 7,139
Barley straw 6,500 6,500
Switchgrass 7,750 8,183 7,267 7,920 7,780
Oat straw 7,626 7,626
Miscanthus 7,869 7,869
Flax straw 8,587 8,587
Sunflower straw 6,964 6,794 6,879
Rye straw 7,482 7,482
Triticale straw 7,353 7,353
Canola straw 7,353 7,353
Sweet sorghum ethanol MJ/ha MJ/per litre MJ per gallon
Processor loader dies 851 0.59 2.24 0.02 gal dies
Chopper/separator dies 454 0.32 1.19 0.01 gal dies
Screw press dies 567 0.39 1.49 0.01 gal dies
Evaporation gas 9774 6.79 25.69 0.24 therm
Fermentation/distillation gas 20466 14.21 53.80 0.51 therm
Fermentation/distillation elec 6822 4.74 17.93 4.98 kWh
4,834,965,492.00
4,834.97
48,361.20
kg vs/yr lbs vs/yr Head total VS lbs Cubic feet methane per lb of VS
1,971 4344.084 210 912,257.64 5.3
4,834,965.49
REALITY
63.75%
3,082,291
130380.888198645
3,082,290,501
3,082.29
30,830.27
BTU
MBTU
Terms
lb N2O/kg
TRACTORS kg CO2/Tj kg CO2/unit lbs CO2/gal fuel g N2O/kg fuel
fuel
Diesel 74,100 10.9 23.9 0.0800 0.0002
Biodiesel 9.5 20.9
Gasoline 69,300 9.1 20.1 0.0800 0.0002
Ethanol 5.6 12.3
LPG 63,100 6.4 14.0
LIGHT TRUCKS kg CO2/Tj kg CO2/unit lbs CO2/gal fuel g N2O/kg fuel lb N2O/kg
fuel
Diesel 74,100 10.9 23.9 0.3567 0.0008
Biodiesel 9.5 20.9
Gasoline 69,300 9.1 20.1 0.8367 0.0018
Ethanol 5.6 12.3
LPG 63,100 6.4 14.0
MISC kWh
air compressor 2 per hour
Engine heater (tractor or truck) 1.5 per hour
Fence 7 per month
Grian elevator 4 per 1,000 bushels
Motor 1 per hp per hour
Tool grinder 0.5 per hour
Welder 5 per hour
USDA
DAIRY kWh per year
T8 Flourescent 9 per cow
Compact flourescent 13 per cow
T12 Flourescent 12 per cow
High-pressure sodium 15 per cow
Metal halide 16 per cow
Mercury vapor 31 per cow
Halogen 38 per cow
Incandescent 53 per cow
T8 Flourescent (w/ long-day lighting) 24 per cow
Compact flourescent (w/ long-day lighting) 34 per cow
T12 Flourescent (w/ long-day lighting) 32 per cow
High-pressure sodium (w/ long-day lighting) 39 per cow
Metal halide (w/ long-day lighting) 41 per cow
Mercury vapor (w/ long-day lighting) 80 per cow
Halogen (w/ long-day lighting) 98 per cow
Incandescent (w/ long-day lighting) 140 per cow
Ventilation fans in barn (poorly maintained) 140 per cow
Ventilation fans in barn (well-maintained) 83 per cow
Ventilation fans in milking parlor (poorly maintained) 15 per cow
Ventilation fans in milking parlor (well-maintained) 9 per cow
Milk cooling (no pre-cooling, no scroll compressor) 0.01 per lb milk
Milk cooling (with water plate cooler, no scroll compressor) 0.007 per lb milk
Milk cooling (with variable frequency drive water plate cool 0.0058 per lb milk
Milk cooling (no pre-cooling, with scroll compressor) 0.085 per lb milk
Milk cooling (with water plate cooler, with scroll compressor 0.059 per lb milk
Milk cooling (with variable frequency drive water plate cool 0.049 per lb milk
Milk harvest (standard pump) 0.008 per lb milk
Milk harvest (variable frequency drive vacuum pump) 0.0044 per lb milk
Water heating (electric, no heat recovery) 0.01 per lb milk
Water heating (electric, with heat recovery) 0.005 per lb milk
Water heating (natural gas, cubic feet, no heat recovery) 0.04 per lb milk
Water heating (natural gas, cubic feet, with heat recovery) 0.02 per lb milk
Water heating (propane, gallons, no heat recovery) 0.00042 per lb milk
Water heating (propane, gallons, with heat recovery) 0.00021 per lb milk
Water heating (fuel oil, gallons, no heat recovery) 0.00021 per lb milk
Water heating (fuel oil, gallons, with heat recovery) 0.000105 per lb milk
SWINE NURSERY
Incandescent lighting 1.4 kWh per year per pig
T8 Flourescent ligting 0.36 kWh per year per pig
Metal Halide lighting 0.42 kWh per year per pig
Compact flourescent lighting 0.48 kWh per year per pig
Ineffcient ventilation 2.8 kWh per pig per year
Efficient ventilation 1.38 kWh per pig per year
SWINE FINISHING
Inefficient ventilation 5.3 kWh per year per pig
Efficient ventilation 2.7 kWh per year per pig
USA GENERATOR
DAIRY kWh per cow per year
Washers with sprinkler boosters 19
Bucket milker 35
Bucket milker and transfer 80
Parlor pipeline 110
Can cooler 160
Direct expansion bulk tank with precooler 95
Direct expansion bulk tank without precooler 143
Direct expansion bulk tank with heat exchanger 82
Direct expansion bulk tank without heat exchanger 154
Ice bank cooler without heat exchangers 202
Vacuum pump 75
Fast recovery water heater 170
Fast recovery water heater with heat exchangers 151
Silo unloader 26
Above plus feeding system 44.5
Above plus hammer mill 67
Grain grinding, feed mixing 7.35
Gutter cleaner 12
Liquid waste manure handler 26.3
Lighting for milking operations 48.5
Ventilation for milking operations 15
Auto feed grinding 9.43
BEEF
Silo unloaders 2.1
Above plus bunk feeders 4.4
SWINE
Breeding house air conditioning 185
Breeding house fan ventilation with foggers 13.5
Farrowing house air conditioning 93
Farrowing house fan ventilation 44
Brooding, cable in floor 75
400 W per pen
Nursery building total uses 16.8
Finishing house ventilation 10.4
Finishing house feed augers and lights 0.3
Water heating outside 7.5
Water heating inside 2.5
Grinding and mixing feed 2.2
POULTRY
Incandescent lamps 0.64
Controlled light in windowless house 3.28
Controlled light in solar house 1.01
Controlled light in conventional house 0.42
Ventilation 1.5
Water heating 0.09
Auto feeder 0.256
Automatic egg collection 0.173
Automatic egg processing 0.292
Automatic egg washer 0.214
MAINE
kWh per bird per year ventilation
kWh per bird per year lighting
kWh per bird per year feeding
kWh per bird per year manure remove
kWh per bird per year egg collection
kWh per bird per year
kWh per bird per year
kWh per bird per year
kWh per bird per year
kWh per bird per year
Heating Turkey
LP
Lighting
Elec
kWh per dz eggkWh per egg kWh per bird
0.12 0.010 2.1 Ventilation
0.03 0.003 0.5 Elec
0.02 0.002 0.4
0.01 0.001 0.2
0.02 0.002 0.4
ENSave Energy Audit ReporIowa Farm
Meat Turkeys capacity # of birds
b slaughter weight 15,462 201,000
Ventilation
160929 kWh * Low Effc.
Heating Turkey
54911 Gal * Low Effc. & uninsulated
FEEDING
Feed mill 7.2
Silo unloader 25
Silo unload plus feeding system 19.5
Above plus hammer mill 22.5
Grain grinding, feed mixing 7.35
LIGHTING
T8 Flourescent 9
Compact flourescent 13
T12 Flourescent 12
High-pressure sodium 15
Metal halide 16
Mercury vapor 31
Halogen 38
Incandescent 53
T8 Flourescent (w/ long-day lighting) 24
Compact flourescent (w/ long-day lighting) 34
T12 Flourescent (w/ long-day lighting) 32
High-pressure sodium (w/ long-day lighting) 39
Metal halide (w/ long-day lighting) 41
Mercury vapor (w/ long-day lighting) 80
Halogen (w/ long-day lighting) 98
Incandescent (w/ long-day lighting) 140
VENTILATION
Ventilation fans in barn (poorly maintained) 140
Ventilation fans in barn (well-maintained) 83
Ventilation fans in milking parlor (poorly maintained) 15
Ventilation fans in milking parlor (well-maintained) 9
WATER HEATING
Dairy water heater (no reclaimer) 167
Dairy water heater (with reclaimer) 120
Water heating (natural gas, cubic feet, no heat recovery) 720
Water heating (natural gas, cubic feet, with heat recovery) 360
Water heating (propane, gallons, no heat recovery) 8
Water heating (propane, gallons, with heat recovery) 4
Water heating (fuel oil, gallons, no heat recovery) 4
Water heating (fuel oil, gallons, with heat recovery) 2
Sow operation (kWh per sow) MINN. USDA CIPCO
Ventilation 83.3 13.6 3.9
Creep heat (125 w lamps) 83.3 64.4 92.6
Lighting 56.7 17.8 0.0
Power washing 3.3
Feed and water delivery 1.7
Space heating 300
Water heating 30
kWh
kWh
cubic feet
cubic feet
gallons
gallons
gallons
gallons
USA GENERATOR USDA
44.0 LED lighting
3.3 T8 Flourescent lighting
0.3 Compact flourescent lighting
T12 Flourescent lighting
Metal halide lighting
Incandescent lighting
Ineficient ventilation
Efficient ventilation
Heat
Heat with a sealed house
Heat with insulated house
LAYER HOUSE
LED
T8 Flourescent
Compact Flourescent
T12 Flourescent
Metal halide
Lighting, incandescent
Ventilation ineff
Ventilation
Ventilation eff
Water heating
Auto feeder
Automatic egg collection
Automatic egg processing
Automatic egg washer
BROODING HOUSE
LED
T8 Flourescent
Compact Flourescent
T12 Flourescent
Metal halide
Incandescent
Ventilation ineff
Ventilation
Ventilation eff
Brooding house heater
Supplemental space heaters
Feeders
Auto feed grinding
per 20,000 sqft broiler house
4,400 total kWh per year 20%
5,500 total kWh per year 25%
7,700 total kWh per year 35%
7,900 total kWh per year 36%
19,700 total kWh per year 90%
21,900 total kWh per year 100%
18,800 total kWh per year
15,900 total kWh per year
1 units per year
70% portion of default
63% portion of default
% of oil extracted
Expeller/Press 75%
Hexane Solvent 95%
Supercritical Fluid Extraction 100%
40
30
20
10
0
0 50 100 150 200 250
N application (lbs per acre)
P e r ce n t a g e o f N it r a t e -N r e m o v e d
0 0 40
0 0 30
0 0 20
0 0 10
0 0 0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
0 0 Wetland to watershed ratio
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
3 31
3 32
3 33
3 34
3 35
3 43
4 55
4 40
4 34
4 33
6 53
6 52
6 48
6 46
6 37
9 58
9 59
10 70
.1
250
0286761348911
10 12
Estimates of Metabolizable Energy Required per Hen per Day by Chickens in Relation to
2.2
Body Weight and Egg Production (kcal)
Body Weight (lbs) kcal per day 130
2.2 130 192 205 217 229 242 192
3.3 177 239 251 264 276 289 205
4.4 218 280 292 305 317 330 217
5.5 259 321 333 346 358 371 229
6.6 296 358 370 383 395 408 242
Rate of egg production
0 183 219 256 292 329
(eggs per year)
formulas
2.2
kcal per day 2.2 3.3 4.4 5.5 6.6 3.3
130 0 0 0 0 0 4.4
177 0 0 0 0 5.5
192 183 0 0 0 6.6
205 219 0 0 0
217 256 0 0 0
218 0 0 0
229 292 0 0
239 183 0 0 350
242 329 0 0 f(x) = 2.9
300 R² = 0.99
251 329 219 0 0
259 329 0 0 250
264 329 256 0
276 329 292 0 200
280 329 183 0
150
289 329 329 0
292 329 329 219 0 100
296 329 329 0
305 329 329 256 50
317 329 329 292
0
321 329 329 183 120 140
330 329 329 329
333 329 329 329 219
346 329 329 329 256
358 329 329 329 292 183
358 329 329 329
370 329 329 329 219
371 329 329 329 329
383 329 329 329 329 256
395 329 329 329 329 292
408 329 329 329 329 329
2.2 3.3 4.4 5.5 6.6
0 130 0 130 0 259 0 296 0
183 239 183 280 183 321 183 358 183
219 251 219 292 219 333 219 370 219
256 264 256 305 256 346 256 383 256
292 276 292 317 292 358 292 395 292
329 289 329 330 329 371 329 408 329
m b
2.94 -382
2.01 -272
1.55 -213
2.94 -761
2.94 -870
350
f(x) = 2.94073035498056 x − 382.331230216897
300 R² = 0.999944393484738
250
200
150
100
50
0
120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260
Kg of Methane per animal per year
1999 1990
high low high low average
Sheep 17.100 15.390 15.100 13.590 15.30
Dairy 79.000 75.050 76.800 72.960 75.95
Beef 70.800 67.260 67.500 64.125 67.42
Goats 10.500 9.975 10.500 9.975 10.24
61.9%
60.0%
72.8%
84.0%
87.0%
77.0% 82.0%
66.0%
70.0%
78.0%
75.0%
71.0%
72.0%
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0 0 0 0 0
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SOLAR EMOBDIED ENERGY
sq in per panel 1,929
sq meters per SUNPOWER panel 1.24
MJ/sq meter 1,285
BTU/sq meter 1,217,945
kWh/sq meter 357
embodied kWh per SUNPOWER 230 W module 444
embodied kWh per rated watt 1.9
embodied kWh per rated kilowatt 1,931
expected panel life (years) 25
embodied kWh per rated kilowatt per year 77.3
0.806451612903226
Alsema (2000)
Alsema (2006) LCA results for PV modules, last paragraph + Table II: http://www.nrel.gov/pv/thin_film/docs/mrsfall2005alsema.pdf
Alsema (2006) (Figure 3) http://www.nrel.gov/pv/thin_film/docs/mrsfall2005alsema.pdf
Mason et. Al. (2005) Polycrystal big plant on the groudn in the desert: http://www.greenwatts.com/docs/ProgressInPhotovoltaics.pdf
/mrsfall2005alsema.pdf
gressInPhotovoltaics.pdf
INPUT ENERGY (MJ/l) fuel electricity INPUT ENERGY (MJ/gal) fuel
tyson 0.2 0.1 tyson 0.8
sheehan 0.0 0.3 sheehan 0.0
felix 0.2 felix 0.8
avg 0.1 0.2 avg 0.5