EARTHQUAKE

AND LANDSLIDE
Group 1 - STEM 1801
 EARTHQUAKE
Definition:
An earthquake is the sudden movement of the
Earth's tectonic plates, resulting in shaking of the
ground. There is an earthquake that releases energy
in waves that travel through the earth's crust and
cause the shaking that we feel.
CAUSES
VOLANIC
1 ERUPTIONS
4 MAN-MADE

TECTONIC
2 MOVEMENTS 5 MINOR CAUSES

GEOLOGICAL
3 FAULTS
 effects

1 PROPERTY DAMAGES

2 DEATHS AND INJURIES

MENTAL AND
3 EMOTIONAL PROBLEMS
ENVIRONMENTAL
4 EFFECTS
PRECAUTIONARY MEASURES:
EARTHQUAKE
 before

- Make sure you have a fire extinguisher, first aid kit, a

battery-powered radio, a flashlight, and extra batteries
at home.
- Learn first aid.
- Learn how to turn off the gas, water, and electricity.
- Make up a plan of where to meet your family after an
earthquake.
 before

- Don't leave heavy objects on shelves (they'll fall during

a quake).
- Anchor heavy furniture, cupboards, and appliances to
the walls or floor.
- Learn the earthquake plan at your school or workplace.
 during

- Stay calm! If you're indoors, stay inside. If you're

outside, stay outside.

- If you're indoors, stand against a wall near the center

of the building, stand in a doorway, or crawl under
heavy furniture (a desk or table). Stay away from
windows and outside doors.
 during
- If you're outdoors, stay in the open away from power
lines or anything that might fall. Stay away from
buildings (stuff might fall off the building or the building
could fall on you).
- Don't use matches, candles, or any flame. Broken gas
lines and fire don't mix.
- If you're in a car, stop the car and stay inside the car
until the earthquake stops.
- Don't use elevators.
 after
- Check yourself and others for injuries. Provide first aid for
anyone who needs it.
- Check water, gas, and electric lines for damage. If any are
damaged, shut off the valves. Check for the smell of gas. If
you smell it, open all the windows and doors, leave
immediately, and report it to the authorities (use someone
else's phone).
- Turn on the radio. Don't use the phone unless it's an
emergency.
 after
- Stay out of damaged buildings.
- Be careful around broken glass and debris. Wear boots or
sturdy shoes to keep from cutting your feet.
- Be careful of chimneys (they may fall on you).
- Stay away from beaches. Tsunamis and seiches sometimes hit
after the ground has stopped shaking.
- Stay away from damaged areas.
- If you're at school or work, follow the emergency plan or the
instructions of the person in charge.
- Expect aftershocks.
 landslide
Definition:
A landslide is any geologic process in which gravity
causes rock, soil, artificial fill or a combination of the
three to move down a slope.
CAUSES

1 WATER 3 WILDFIRES

2 EARTHQUAKES 4 VOLCANOES
 effects

1 PROPERTY DAMAGES

2 DEATHS AND INJURIES

Affected water supplies,

fisheries, sewage
3 disposals systems, forests,
dams and road ways.
PRECAUTIONARY MEASURES:
landslides
 before
- To begin preparing, you should build an emergency kit and
make a family communications plan.
- Prepare for landslides by following proper land-use
procedures - avoid building near steep slopes, close to
mountain edges, near drainage ways or along natural erosion
valleys.
- Become familiar with the land around you. Learn whether
debris flows have occurred in your area by contacting local
officials. Slopes where debris flows have occurred in the past
are likely to experience them in the future.
 before
- Get a ground assessment of your property.
- Consult a professional for advice on appropriate
preventative measures for your home or business, such as
flexible pipe fittings, which can better resist breakage.
- Protect your property by planting ground cover on slopes
and building retaining walls.
- In mudflow areas, build channels or deflection walls to direct
the flow around buildings. Be aware, however, if you build
walls to divert debris flow and the flow lands on a neighbor's
property, you may be liable for damages.
 during
- Listen to local news stations on a battery-powered radio for
warnings of heavy rainfall.
- Listen for unusual sounds that might indicate moving debris,
such as trees cracking or boulders knocking together.
- Move away from the path of a landslide or debris flow as
quickly as possible. The danger from a mudflow increases
near stream channels and with prolonged heavy rains. - -
Mudflows can move faster than you can walk or run. Look
upstream before crossing a bridge and do not cross the
bridge if a mudflow is approaching.
 during
- Avoid river valleys and low-lying areas.
- If you are near a stream or channel, be alert for any
sudden increase or decrease in water flow and notice
whether the water changes from clear to muddy. Such
changes may mean there is debris flow activity
upstream so be prepared to move quickly.
- Curl into a tight ball and protect your head if escape
is not possible.
 after
- Go to a designated public shelter if you have been told to
evacuate or you feel it is unsafe to remain in your home.
- Stay away from the slide area. There may be danger of
additional slides.
- Listen to local radio or television stations for the latest
emergency information.
Watch for flooding, which may occur after a landslide or
debris flow. Floods sometimes follow landslides and debris
flows because they may both be started by the same event.
 after
- Check for injured and trapped persons near the slide,
without entering the direct slide area. Direct rescuers to
their locations.
- Look for and report broken utility lines and damaged
roadways and railways to appropriate authorities. -
Reporting potential hazards will get the utilities turned
off as quickly as possible, preventing further hazard and
injury.
- Check the building foundation, chimney, and
 after
- Check the building foundation, chimney, and
surrounding land for damage. Damage to foundations,
chimneys, or surrounding land may help you assess the
safety of the area.
- Replant damaged ground as soon as possible since
erosion caused by loss of ground cover can lead to
flash flooding and additional landslides in the near
future.
- Seek advice from a geotechnical expert for evaluating
 after
- Seek advice from a geotechnical expert for evaluating
landslide hazards or designing corrective techniques to
reduce landslide risk. A professional will be able to
advise you of the best ways to prevent or reduce
landslide risk, without creating further hazard.
 THANKYOU!
Group 1 - STEM 1801
Flores, Jazrine Dyllah C.
Aloña, Geralyn Jhayne E.
Anoche, Gabrielle Jerikie D.
Ralleta, Dustin Ryan M.
Sa-onoy, Adrian Rod L.
 references
[Online]. 5 main causes of earthquake. Retrieved on March 3, 2020 from https://www.infocuriosity.com/5-main-
causes-of-earthquake/.

[Online]. Causes of Landslides. Retrieved March 3, 2020 from https://monstrouslandslides.weebly.com/effect-

on-living-things.html.

[Online]. Landslides or debris flow: Before, during, and after. Retrieved March 3, 2020 from
https://www.achievesolutions.net/achievesolutions/en/Content.do?contentId=17630&fbclid=IwAR2jz_38HcOdV
BVh95-CuwRaUCs0lDhankBbpJLleOv0JzxYGfXafqQQ8NU.

[Online]. The impacts of earthquakes - Physical Geology. Retrieved March 3, 2020 from
https://opentextbc.ca/geology/chapter/11-4-the-impacts-of-earthquakes/.

[Online]. What is an earthquake and what causes them to happen? Retrieved March 3, 2020 from
https://www.usgs.gov/faqs/what-earthquake-and-what-causes-them-happen?qt-
news_science_products=0#qt-news_science_products.

[Online]. What should i do before, during, and after an earthquake? Retrieved March 3, 2020 from
http://www.geo.mtu.edu/UPSeis/bda.html?fbclid=IwAR13wMorBgED7kU5hXkdc-
2bRN0PA3yxIJ0t27Ma_hnJ8615SgyXByrTLqo.