Storage

Stand post

Secondary storage
M i line Bran ne

Source
Treatment Pump
Prim torage

Main line
–
 hfd
H md
H stat

Ht
hd
hfs
hs

Datum pump
center line
H ms

Vd2 Vs2
Ht Hm d ( Hm s )
2g 2g

Vd2
Ht H stat hf d hm d hf s hm s
2g
 Vd2 Vs2
Ht Hm d ( Hm s )
2g 2g
 –

1.3.1 Friction losses

a) Darcy – Weisbach equation

nf 8 L L L v2
hf Rf Q 2 5
Q2 5
Q2 hf
gD 12.1D D 2g

b) Colebrook – White equation

1 2.51 k
2 log
Re 3.7 D

1 5.1286 k
2 log 0.89
Re 3.7 D
 λ

Re = vD / u …………..(8)

This empirical formula applies to the transition region, and is given by:

nf 10.68L
hf Rf Q 1.852 4.87
Q1.852
Chw D

d) Manning equation

nf 10.29N 2 L 2
hf Rf Q Q
D16 / 3
º
1.3.2 Minor losses

or hm = ξ

Sometimes K is written as ξ to symbolize the loss coefficient due to pipe appurtenances including bend,
T, Y, elbow etc.). Value of KL can be found in table and for the purpose of this subject they will be
always given.

Minor Loss Coefficient

Type of Component or Fitting
-ξ-
Ht = Hstat + hL

System Curve
70
60

Hstat Shl
50
H (m) 40
30
20
10

0 3 6 9 12 15 18
Q (m3 /hr)
 NPSH - m
6
4
NPSH 2
0
70 Pump Curve 80%
60 70%
50 60%
H (m)

Efficiency
cy
cien
40 50%
effi

40%

%
30
20
10

0 100 200 300 400

Q (m3/hr)

Best efficiency
 NPSH - m
6
4
2
0
70 Pump Curve 70%

Efficiency %
60 60%
50%

ncy
50

cie
H (m) 40%

effi
40 System Curve
30
20
10

0 3 6 9 12 15 18
3
Q (m /hr)

Pump performance curve

±
 ………

…………N =
Pump type N range (Q - l/s, H-m)
s

Centrifugal up to 2600

Mixed flow 2600 to 5000

Axial flow 5000 to 10 000

………to N =
 Patm PS VS2
hS hL
2g
PS VS2 Patm
hS hL
2g
PS VS2 PVapor Patm PVapor
hS hL
2g
Patm PVapor
( NPSH ) A hS hL

Patm Pvapor
( NPSH ) A hs hf s hm s

ɤ ɤ = ρg ………ρ is t he density of the liquid

Thoma’s cavitat ion constant

( NPSH )R
Ht
±
 Manifold

Q
total

Q =Q +Q +Q
total 1 2 3
Pump Pump

j n
Q Q1 Q 2 Q 3 Qn Q
j 1

Hm H m1 H m2 H m3 H mn
 Pump Pump

H =H +H +H
total 1 2 3
 2
Q2 N 2 H2 N2 Pi 2 N2
3

Q1 N1 H1 N1 Pi1 N1

3 2 5
Q2 D2 H2 D2 Pi 2 D2
Q1 D1 H1 D1 Pi1 D1
 3
Discharge (m /min) 0 4.5 9.0 13.5 18.0 22.5

Head (m) 22.5 22.2 21.6 19.5 14.1 0

Vd2
Ht H stat hf d hm d hf s hm s
2g

8 f LQ 2
h fs hms h fd hmd 2
g D5
8 0.024 (69 6) 2
2
Q
g (0.3) 5

2
V d2 1 Q
10.2Q 2
2g 2g A
 Pump and Sytem Curves

28
26
24
22
20
18
Head,Ht (m)

16
14
12
10
8
6
4 Pump Curve
2 System Curve
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24

Discharge, Q (m3/min)
 p2 V22 p1 V12
Hm z 1bar 10.198mof water
g 2g g 2g
p2
0.95 *10.198 9.65m of water
g
V22
V2 3.39m / s; 0.588m
2g
V12
V1 1.91m / s; 0.186m
2g
Then Hm 9.69 0.588 0.2 - (-2.793 0.186) 13.09m
output power gQHm( watts)
Efficiency ( )
input power 3200( watts)
3.2 0.015 13.09
0.602 (60.2 percent)
3.2
 º

0.019 10000 0.85 2

23.32m
0.3 19.62

10 0.624 2
0.2m
19.612
 1000 9.81 0.06 35
38.85kW
0.55 1000

Discharge (l/s) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Total head (m) 45 44.7 43.7 42.5 40.6 38.0 35.0 31.0
Overall efficiency (%) - 35 50 57 60 60 53 40

Discharge (l/s) 0 10 20 30 40 50
Total head (m) 25 23.2 20.8 16.5 12.4 7.3
Efficiency (%) - 45 65 71 65 45