Sumayya Arif

Roll# 19-11120
BIOT 411
Agricultural Biotechnology
Instructor Dr. Aftab Bashir
Final Assignment
“Impact of Plant Biotechnology on Sustainable Agriculture”

Current Plant Biotechnology strategies have played a significant role in invigorating a salubrious environment, booming a reliable
economy, conserving biodiversity, promising socio-economic equity, safeguarding the environmental integrity, and managing
natural resources by maintaining the ecosystem functions to fulfill present-day societal needs as well as those of the coming
times. Advances in next generation high-throughput sequencing technology, Molecular biopharming, Plant genome mapping via
restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), Somatic hybridization, CRISPR/Cas9-induced target mutagenesis, Quantitative
Trait Loci (QTL) mapping, Plant micropropagation, Gene targeting techniques employing engineered nucleases [like zinc finger
nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases(TALENs)], Diect/indirect somatic embryogenesis, Homology-
directed recombination (HDR)-mediated multiplex genome editing, Microtuberization, DNA marker and genomics-assisted
molecular breeding, Cell suspension culture, Intra-chromosomal somatic homologous recombination, Post-transgeneration
enhanced targeting via Molecular breeding, Somoclonal propagation, Biofortification and other more specific, targeted, and cost-
effective nutritional interventions have not only led to the rapid mass production of elite plant varieties with multifarious stacked
traits and top-quality genotypes in order to meet the exigencies of a fast-growing global population in less than no time but also
provided us with surpassing biopharmaceuticals, artificial seeds, plant-derived vaccines, novel antibodies, bio-organic fertilizers,
secondary metabolites, biofuels, high-quality livestock feed, therapeutic proteins, germplasm conservation, soil and microbial
stabilization, careful livestock farming, and rural solid waste disposal and management system. As a further matter, such
diversified applications in Plant Biotechnology have attempted to attain sustainable agricultural productivity, reliable existence of
food security, food safety, and food quality, and have effectively contributed in eradicating poverty, malnutrition, chronic hunger,
and hidden hunger in all its forms. Recent genetic modifications and developments in the field of Plant Biotechnology have
ensured availability, accessibility, and affordability of food to all humans at all times in an adequate amount with its proper
nutritional value (i.e. sufficient enough to meet the basic dietary requirements of each and every individual). Plant Biotechnology
has endeavored to acclimatize the existing food crops to the forthcoming harsh atmospheric conditions and weather patterns,
water scarcity, rising soil salinity, and menasing intrusion of plant pathogens and harmful insects. Practitioners of plant
biotechnology have developed such high-class and top-quality genetically modified transgenic plants that possess the finest
noble genes which bring forth the following beneficial characteristics in plants,
 built-in tolerance to several biotic and abiotic stresses,
 pesticide resistance,
 mineral toxicity resistance,
 herbicide resistance,
 drought tolerance,
 salt stress resistance,
 water-stress resistance, and
 disease resistance
The provision of such a remarkable genetic variability and diversity in these bioengineered [agronomic (staple food) crops,
vegetable crops, fruit crops, edible nuts, medicinal crops, aromatic crops, and ornamental] crops tolerant of diverse stresses has
certainly played a crucial role in upgrading the nutritional value of plants, preventing soil erosion and degradation, improving
grain filling, reducing greenhouse effect, and staving off the loss of valuable fertile land to desertification, and maintaining
healthy soil by mixing macronutrients,mineral ions, and micronutrients evenly throughout the soil. The integration of basic and
advanced concepts of plant biotechnology with recent developments have optimistic future prospects and pragmatic outlook on
sustainable agricultural output on the whole.