School of Civil and Environmental Engineering

A.Y. 2017-18

Prof. R. PAOLUCCI

Homework # 1
(given on March 26th 2018, to be discussed at oral examination)

The 2016-2017 seismic sequence of Central Italy, starting on August 24th 2016, has been recorded by
many instruments in the regions of Umbria, Marche, Abruzzo and Lazio, including several stations in
the epicentral area. Among them, stations NRC (Norcia) and CLO (Castelluccio di Norcia), for instance,
provided records very close to the seismic source.

In this homework, you will consider records from three events of different magnitudes, namely: 30-10-
2016 (06:40, Mw 6.5, E1), 26-10-2016 (17:10, Mw 5.4, E2) and 16-10-2016 (09:32, Mw 4.0, E3). The
time histories, as well as the ground motion parameters, shall be downloaded from ITACA, the Italian
Accelerometric Archive (http://itaca.mi.ingv.it/). The program DEGTRA shall be used for signal
processing, as shown in class works.

1) Table 1 lists a set of stations homogeneously Table 1 - List of stations that have recorded all three
distributed within an epicentral distance of about 30 events.
km from the events. These stations have recorded Site
station lat long
all three events and are characterized by stiff soil classification
conditions (with A or B site classification). Use these IT.ACC 42.696 13.242 A*
stations to prepare a map with the epicenters of all IT.AMT 42.63246 13.28618 B
the three events and the positions of the stations. IT.CLO 42.8294 13.206 A*
Report also on the map the surface projection of the IT.CSC 42.7191 13.01228 B
fault of earthquake E1, as reported in the ITACA IT.MCV 42.9934 13.0013 B*
dataset IT.MMO 42.8993 13.3268 A*
IT.NOR 42.79244 13.09242 B
2) Download from ITACA the peak values of IT.NRC 42.79254 13.09648 B
horizontal ground motion (PGA, PGV, PGD) for the IT.PRE 42.8793 13.0334 B*
stations of point 1 and prepare a table. Plot peak IV.T1201 42.6573 13.2508 B*
values as a function of epicentral distance (Repi) and IV.T1212 42.75156 13.04464 A*
compare results from the three events. IV.T1214 42.75954 13.2087 B*
IV.T1215 42.80188 12.86851 A*
3) Considering the EW components of the IV.T1216 42.89067 13.019 B*
corrected acceleration records at NRC and CLO, for IV.T1217 42.7119 12.93133 B*
events E1, E2 and E3, compute and compare the
Fourier spectra of the mainshock with that of the other events. Based on such comparison, discuss the
effect of magnitude on the spectral components of the ground motion, considering the simple models
illustrated at lesson. For this purpose, consider also the spectral ratios of the corresponding horizontal
components of the mainshock over the two foreshocks, respectively: E1/E2, E1/E3. Use loglog plots for
both spectra and spectral ratios.

Discuss results, in the light of what has been shown at class lessons.
 Engineering Seismology Açıklama

Homework 1 - A.Y. 2017-18 Tolga Yerlikaya 2016-10-30 06:40:18

Fault Surface Projection
Fault Projection Coord.
Stations (15)

➤
N
Data SIO, NOAA, U.S. Navy, NGA, GEBCO 20 km
 PART 2
Download from ITACA the peak values of horizontal ground motion (PGA, PGV, PGD) for
the stations of point 1 and prepare a table. Plot peak values as a function of epicentral
distance (Repi) and compare results from the three events.

EVENT 1 – E1
R epi. PGA PGV PGD
Station Latitude Longitude Classification
[km] [cm/s2] [cm/s] [cm]
IT.ACC 42.696 13.242 A* 18.60 546.896 44.112 14.160
IT.AMT 42.63246 13.28618 B 26.40 521.618 37.915 7.457
IT.CLO 42.8294 13.206 A* 7.80 782.018 66.079 14.916
IT.CSC 42.7191 13.01228 B 14.90 165.312 13.640 9.429
IT.MCV 42.9934 13.0013 B* 20.00 352.260 12.030 2.754
IT.MMO 42.8993 13.3268 A* 19.20 185.324 11.423 9.155
IT.NOR 42.79244 13.09242 B 4.70 305.743 56.240 23.023
IT.NRC 42.79254 13.09648 B 4.60 476.428 48.293 17.978
IT.PRE 42.8793 13.0334 B* 8.20 305.011 14.203 6.159
IV.T1201 42.6573 13.2508 B* 22.60 473.694 83.025 12.333
IV.T1212 42.75156 13.04464 A* 10.50 274.430 27.712 14.851
IV.T1214 42.75954 13.2087 B* 11.40 632.907 53.946 21.284
IV.T1215 42.80188 12.86851 A* 20.10 87.242 6.566 5.048
IV.T1216 42.89067 13.019 B* 9.90 277.299 16.484 5.513
IV.T1217 42.7119 12.93133 B* 19.90 110.075 6.286 4.562

EVENT 2 – E2
R epi. PGA PGV PGD
Station Latitude Longitude Classification
[km] [cm/s2] [cm/s] [cm]
IT.ACC 42.696 13.242 A* 22.500 79.116 2.131 0.335
IT.AMT 42.63246 13.28618 B 30.400 89.016 3.816 0.306
IT.CLO 42.8294 13.206 A* 8.500 134.173 5.242 0.854
IT.CSC 42.7191 13.01228 B 20.200 80.546 6.327 0.676
IT.MCV 42.9934 13.0013 B* 16.300 21.165 6.006 0.502
IT.MMO 42.8993 13.3268 A* 16.400 71.209 2.907 0.403
IT.NOR 42.79244 13.09242 B 10.200 163.185 21.633 4.120
IT.NRC 42.79254 13.09648 B 10.100 294.742 25.763 3.405
IT.PRE 42.8793 13.0334 B* 7.700 233.437 9.497 1.671
IV.T1201 42.6573 13.2508 B* 26.700 150.096 6.535 0.599
IV.T1212 42.75156 13.04464 A* 15.800 191.688 12.262 1.582
IV.T1214 42.75954 13.2087 B* 15.000 174.618 6.604 0.606
IV.T1215 42.80188 12.86851 A* 22.900 31.691 1.129 0.400
IV.T1216 42.89067 13.019 B* 8.900 249.669 17.531 1.492
IV.T1217 42.7119 12.93133 B* 24.600 51.042 2.410 0.382
 EVENT 3 – E3
R epi. PGA PGV PGD
Station Latitude Longitude Classification
[km] [cm/s2] [cm/s] [cm]
IT.ACC 42.696 13.242 A* 7.900 16.6430 0.5020 0.0490
IT.AMT 42.63246 13.28618 B 1.570 11.6990 0.5670 0.0430
IT.CLO 42.8294 13.206 A* 9.400 9.0030 0.2740 0.0230
IT.CSC 42.7191 13.01228 B 13.800 6.9020 0.2150 0.0140
IT.MCV 42.9934 13.0013 B* 30.800 5.8680 0.0980 0.0050
IT.MMO 42.8993 13.3268 A* 20.900 3.3200 0.1150 0.0130
IT.NOR 42.79244 13.09242 B 8.400 8.5700 0.6300 0.0780
IT.NRC 42.79254 13.09648 B 8.200 16.7680 0.5750 0.0500
IT.PRE 42.8793 13.0334 B* 18.700 6.5880 0.1230 0.0130
IV.T1201 42.6573 13.2508 B* 11.800 15.8740 0.5440 0.0370
IV.T1212 42.75156 13.04464 A* 10.700 8.3160 0.2600 0.0320
IV.T1214 42.75954 13.2087 B* 3.000 107.9790 3.7820 0.1900
IV.T1215 42.80188 12.86851 A* 25.900 3.2640 0.0710 0.0080
IV.T1216 42.89067 13.019 B* 20.400 4.9010 0.2170 0.0210
IV.T1217 42.7119 12.93133 B* 20.400 4.5480 0.0860 0.0090

COMMENTS FOR PART 2

According to graph of R-epi vs PGA/PGV/PGD graphs, one can directly conclude that main
event (E1) has the greatest values among all the events. What is more, there is also slight
overall relation that these peak values are getting smaller values when R-epi increase.
 E1 - PGA (cm/s2) vs R-epi (km) E1 - PGV (cm/s) vs R-epi (km) E1 - PGD (cm) vs R-epi (km)
900,0000 90,0000 25,0000
800,0000 80,0000
700,0000 70,0000 20,0000
600,0000 60,0000
15,0000
500,0000 50,0000
400,0000 40,0000
10,0000
300,0000 30,0000
200,0000 20,0000 5,0000
100,0000 10,0000
,0000 ,0000 ,0000
0,00 5,00 10,00 15,00 20,00 25,00 30,00 0,00 5,00 10,00 15,00 20,00 25,00 30,00 0,00 5,00 10,00 15,00 20,00 25,00 30,00
 PART 3
Considering the EW components of the corrected acceleration records at NRC and CLO, for events E1, E2 and E3, compute and compare the Fourier
spectra of the mainshock with that of the other events. Based on such comparison, discuss the effect of magnitude on the spectral components of the
ground motion, considering the simple models illustrated at lesson. For this purpose, consider also the spectral ratios of the corresponding horizontal
components of the mainshock over the two foreshocks, respectively: E1/E2, E1/E3. Use log-log plots for both spectra and spectral ratios. Discuss results, in
the light of what has been shown at class lessons.

Station Latitude Longitude Site Classification

IT.NRC 42.79254 13.09648 B
IT.CLO 42.8294 13.206 A*

FOR E1 – Main shock (EW)- 30-10-2016 (06:40, Mw 6.5)

Station NRC

WAVEFORM INFO AND VISUALIZATION

Instrument code Orientation Location Npt Dt Units Hp Lp PGA PGV PGD Plot

HG East-West 00 10000 0.005 cm/s^2 0.100 50.000 476.428 -48.293 -17.978

Station CLO

WAVEFORM INFO AND VISUALIZATION

Instrument code Orientation Location Npt Dt Units Hp Lp PGA PGV PGD Plot

HG East-West 00 12000 0.005 cm/s^2 0.100 30.000 -418.616 52.230 -14.129

 FOR E2 – Second Foreshock (EW) - 26-10-2016 (17:10, Mw 5.4)

Station NRC

Instrument code Orientation Location Npt Dt Units Hp Lp PGA PGV PGD Plot

HG East-West 00 10588 0.005 cm/s^2 0.070 30.000 294.742 -25.763 -3.405

Station CLO

WAVEFORM INFO AND VISUALIZATION

Instrument code Orientation Location Npt Dt Units Hp Lp PGA PGV PGD Plot

HG East-West 00 6684 0.005 cm/s^2 0.100 60.000 100.479 -5.242 -0.854

FOR E3 – First Foreshock (EW) -16-10-2016 (09:32, Mw 4.0)

Station NRC

WAVEFORM INFO AND VISUALIZATION

Instrument code Orientation Location Npt Dt Units Hp Lp PGA PGV PGD Plot

HG East-West 00 9028 0.005 cm/s^2 0.100 30.000 16.768 -0.575 0.046

Station CLO

WAVEFORM INFO AND VISUALIZATION

Instrument code Orientation Location Npt Dt Units Hp Lp PGA PGV PGD Plot

HG East-West 00 7639 0.005 cm/s^2 0.100 30.000 6.973 -0.170 -0.016

 COMMENTS ABOUT PART 3

One can directly observe that in both station (NRC and CLO), E-W components of
acceleration data of these three events will be presented as in fourier spectrum that main event
(E1), E2 and E3 has fourier amplitudes with less than each other respectively. All in all, event
with higher peak values and affect has greater amplitude in short. In addition, higher
frequency side of fourier spectra for two stations, these three different events can have less
difference between each other. Finally, when looking at the spectral ratio graphs, one can
directly conclude that how does magnitude of earthquake affect ground motion in a very
destructive way.