Specification For Concrete Reservoirs

SPECIFICATION FOR CONCRETE
RESERVOIRS
0 02-02-2002 Approved Issue

rev. date Description/issued for prepared authorised
client: ADWEA
project: STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS FOR WATER WORKS
title: SPECIFICATION FOR CONCRETE RESERVOIRS
tender: project: document: W-C-SS-007 rev: 0 sheet: 1 of: 25

Table of Contents page
1. SCOPE OF WORK ................................................................................4

1.1 General........................................................................................4
1.2 Approval ......................................................................................4
1.3 Sampling and Testing..................................................................4
1.4 Third Party Testing ......................................................................4
1.5 Materials......................................................................................5
2. CODES, STANDARDS AND REFERENCES........................................5
3. SITE CONDITIONS................................................................................8
4. DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS ................................................................8
5. CEMENT ................................................................................................9
5.1 General........................................................................................9
6. ADMIXTURES .....................................................................................10
7. AGGREGATES....................................................................................10
7.1 Aggregate Sources....................................................................10
7.2 Testing - Properties ...................................................................10
7.3 Size of Aggregate ......................................................................11
8. MIXING WATER ..................................................................................11
9. REINFORCEMENT ..............................................................................11
9.1 General......................................................................................11
9.2 Storage......................................................................................12
9.3 Preparation and Fixing of Steel Reinforcement .........................12
9.4 Cover to Reinforcement.............................................................13
9.5 Cast-In Items .............................................................................14
10. CONCRETE .........................................................................................14

10.1 Grades of Concrete ...................................................................14
10.2 Quality of Concrete....................................................................15
10.3 Placing of Concrete ...................................................................15
10.4 Construction Joint......................................................................15
10.5 Expansion and Contraction Joints .............................................16
10.6 Curing and Protection................................................................16
11. FORMWORK .......................................................................................21

11.1 General......................................................................................21
11.2 Categories of Formwork ............................................................22
11.3 Exposed Surfaces .....................................................................22
11.4 Formwork for Vibrated Concrete................................................23
11.5 Preparation of Formwork ...........................................................23
Client ADWEA
Project: STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS FOR WATER WORKS
Title: SPECIFICATION FOR CONCRETE RESERVOIRS

11.6 Removal of Formwork ...............................................................23
12. LIST OF SPECIFIC TESTS AND PROCEDURES...............................24
13. USE AND CONTROL OF REINFORCING BARS ...............................24

13.1 Bending and Fabrication Of Reinforcement...............................24
13.2 Rejection ...................................................................................24
13.3 Product Handling .......................................................................24
13.4 Storage......................................................................................24
14. LIST OF SPECIFIC TESTS AND PROCEDURES...............................24

14.1 Access Manholes and Ladders..................................................24
14.2 External Works ..........................................................................25
Client ADWEA

1. SCOPE OF WORK
1.1 General
This specification covers minimum requirements for design and construction of reinforced
concrete reservoirs.
The scope of work shall consist of, but not necessarily limited to, the following:
a) Site survey and soil investigation at the proposed location of reinforced concrete
reservoir. This shall include cone penetration tests, boreholes etc. complete with report
and recommendations.
b) Excavation for reservoir foundation to remove unsuitable material to the level required as
per survey/soil investigation recommendations and according to the instructions of
ADWEA/ENGINEER.
c) Design, supply, construction and curing of reinforced concrete reservoir upto top of base
slab and shear key including all excavation dewatering where required, pipe sleeves and
built in pipe work, expansion and contraction joints, underground protection work etc.
including external finishes for the reservoir.
d) Design, supply, construction and curing of reinforced concrete reservoir walls and roof
slab including shuttering, pipe sleeves and build in of pipes and fittings such as level
indicators, drain pipe, pressure relief return, future service outlets, level indicator pipe,
overflow and inlet pipes, service pipe for altitude pipe, balancing line for future reservoir,
manholes, expansion and contraction joints etc. including external and internal finishes.
e) Complete supply and installation of inserts for walls and roof slab.
1.2 Approval
Where ADWEA/ENGINEER's approvals are required in this document, it shall mean that
ADWEA/ENGINEER reserves the right to approve. However ADWEA/ENGINEER may elect
to waive approval of certain aspects as will be informed in writing by ADWEA/ENGINEER.
1.3 Sampling and Testing
All sampling and testing etc., carried out in the field and/or in the laboratory will be in
accordance with the approved QA/QC procedures. The CONTRACTOR, at his cost, will be
responsible for full assistance as referred to elsewhere for personnel, transport, materials,
small tools etc. Such assistance shall be at the full time disposal of ADWEA/ENGINEER.
1.4 Third Party Testing
All testing shall be performed by an independent (third party) organisation to be approved by

ADWEA.
Client ADWEA

1.5 Materials
The CONTRACTOR shall submit comprehensive details of all materials and their
manufacturers/suppliers and working methods that he proposes to use on the works for
approval to ADWEA/ENGINEER.
The CONTRACTOR shall provide evidence that the materials proposed have proved
successful in use in conditions equal to those prevailing in the United Arab Emirates.
The CONTRACTOR shall not change from an approved manufacturer/supplier without

approval of ADWEA/ENGINEER.
All materials shall be delivered with appropriate documentation/ certificates.
If not documented properly the materials shall be rejected and shall removed from the site or
sorted in a clearly marked area for rejected materials.
Materials shall be clearly marked for identification.
Any modification of the requirements listed for the different materials shall be subject
ADWEA/ENGINEER's approval.
All materials that are rejected by the ADWEA shall be forthwith removed from the site.
2. CODES, STANDARDS AND REFERENCES
In addition to the requirements contained in these Specifications and subject to any variations
which may be required by the local Authorities, all design, materials and workmanship shall
conform to the latest edition of the following documents or equivalent.
British Standards
BS 12 Standard specifications for Portland Cement.
BS 63 Specification for single sized aggregate for surface dressing.
BS 410 Specifications for test sieves.
BS 812 Methods for the sampling and testing of mineral aggregates, sands and
fillers.
BS 882 Aggregates from natural sources for concrete (including granolithic).
BS 1052 Specification for mild steel wire for general engineering purposes.
BS 1200 Building sands from natural sources.
BS 1305 Specification for batch type concrete mixers.
BS 1370 Specification for low heat Portland cement.
Client ADWEA

BS 1377 Method of test for soils for civil engineering purposes.
BS 1881 Methods of testing concrete.
BS 3148 Methods of tests for water for making concrete.
BS 4027 Specification for sulphate resisting Portland cement.
BS 4449 Specification for carbon steel bars for the reinforcement of concrete.
BS 4483 Specification for steel fabric for the reinforcement of concrete.
BS 4550 Methods of testing cement.
BS 4551 Method of testing mortars, screeds and plasters.
BS 5075 Concrete admixtures.
BS 5328 Methods for specifying concrete including ready mixed concrete.
BS 5628 Code of practice for use of masonry.
BS 5975 Code of practice for false work.
BS 6399 Parts 1&2 - Loadings for buildings.
BS 8004 Foundations.
BS 8007 The structural use of concrete for retaining aqueous liquids.
BS 8110 The structural use of concrete.
BS EN 196 Methods of Testing Cement.
BS EN 10244-2 Specification for testing zinc coatings on steel wire and for quality
requirements.
BS EN ISO 4066 Specification for scheduling, dimensioning, bending and cutting of steel
reinforcement for concrete.
American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)
A 615 M Standard specification for deformed and plain billet-steel bars for concrete
reinforcement (METRIC).
C 31 Standard method of making and curing concrete test specimens in the

field.
C 33 Standard Specifications for concrete aggregates.
Client ADWEA

C 39 Standard test method for compressive strength of cylindrical concrete
specimens.
C 88 Soundness test by use of Sodium Sulphate or Magnesium Sulphate.
C127/C128 Specification for specific gravity of aggregates.
C 131 Test method for resistance to degradation of small size coarse aggregate.
C 150 Standard Specifications for Portland Cement.
C 172 Standard method of sampling fresh concrete.
C 192 Standard method of making and curing concrete test specimens in the
Laboratory.
C 227 Test method for potential alkaline reactivity of cement aggregate

combinations.
C 230 Specification for flow and workability of mortars.
C 260 Specification for air-entraining admixtures for concrete.
C 309 Specification for membrane - forming compounds for curing concrete.
C 494 Chemical Admixtures for concrete.
C 617 Standard method of capping cylindrical concrete specimens.
C 1152 Test method for acid soluble chloride.
D 1751 Fibre impregnated board.
D 2419 Standard test method for sand equivalent value.
American Concrete Institute
ACI 305 Recommended Practice for hot weather concreting.
ACI 308 Recommended Practice for curing concrete.
American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO)
AASHTO T-277 Rapid Chloride Permeability.
German Institute of Standardization (DIN)
DIN 1048 Water impermeability test on concrete cubes.
Client ADWEA

Reunion Internationale Des Laboratoiries
D'essais Et De Recherches Sur Les Materiaux
Et Les Constructions (Rilem)
C.P.C 11.3 Water absorption under vacuum proposity.
Construction Industry Research and Information Association (CIRIA)
CIRIA SP1/1984 The CIRIA Guide to Concrete Construction in the Gulf Region.
European Standards
DD ENV 197 Cement Composition, Specifications and Conformity Criteria
3. SITE CONDITIONS
Refer Clause 3.0 in Specification for General Technical Requirements.
4. DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
The quality of concrete, other materials and workmanship shall be adequate for safety,
serviceability and durability.
The concrete reservoir shall be designed in such a manner that it sustains all loads and
deformations of normal construction and use and has adequate durability and resistance to
the effects of arid desert conditions and winds.
The grade of concrete shall be based on strength requirements for structures/items. However,
the lowest grade of concrete used for structural purposes shall be C40 i.e. concrete having a
2
28 days cube compressive strength of 40N/mm .
The service reservoir is an integral part of the distribution system and the same shall be
designed to balance the daily fluctuation of demand on the one hand and the pumped delivery
on the other.
The reservoirs shall be designed in accordance with BS 8007, BS 8110 and ADWEA's design
guidelines and standards of water supply systems, and to the approval of the
ADWEA/ENGINEER.
Reservoirs shall generally enable be covered ground level reservoirs divided into suitable
compartments if required, to cleaning requirements. Compartments shall be made with a full
height dividing wall.
The dividing wall shall be designed such that either compartment may remain full of water to
under roof soffit whilst the other compartment is empty.
The minimum free board (top water level) shall be 300 mm to roof soffit.
Client ADWEA

The reservoir roof shall be designed for the dead load from the concrete roof, live loads from
the roof protection system and an allowance for personnel working on the roof as approved
by ADWEA/EGINEER.
Thermal effects due to temperature variations shall also be considered in the design.
All components of reservoir structures shall be constructed of reinforced concrete and their
form shall be determined by the allocated site dimensions and the need to allow for future
storage and downstream distribution facilities.
2
Reinforcement shall be steel reinforcing bars of minimum yield stress = 460 N/mm and
conforming to BS 4449.
Detailed design calculations shall be provided for the approval of ADWEA/ENGINEER.
The reservoir shall be founded on 50 mm screed over bituminous membrane laid over 75 mm
thick blinding. The blinding in turn shall be laid over a granular sub-base at least 300 mm
thick. Subgrade shall be thoroughly compacted.
To avoid possibility of sliding of any walls from expansion joints, polythene sheet shall not be
placed below blinding layer and the base shall be keyed to the ground below.
Joints in reservoirs may be used in conjunction with a corresponding proportion of

reinforcement, to control the concrete crack widths arising from shrinkage and thermal
changes to within acceptable limits. Provision of expansion joints shall be made with caution
and an absolutely minimum number of expansion joints are recommended. Calculations
showing justification for the provision of joints shall be submitted for approval of
ADWEA/ENGINEER.
Joints in the floor slab of the reservoir shall be repeated on the screed below to avoid non
uniform movement.
PVC waterbars of approved size and make shall be provided at all joints.
Contractors may submit alternative designs of the reservoirs which provide enhanced safety
and economy. These will be approved by ADWEA/ENGINEER based on the merit of the
design.
Roof slabs shall be generally designed as flat slabs whereby all interior joints should be
construction joints so that the slab is structurally monolithic. Where roof and walls are
monolithic, movement joints in roof shall correspond with those in the walls to avoid the
possibility of sympathetic cracking.
5. CEMENT
5.1 General
The cement to be used throughout the works shall be ASTM Type II cement obtained from
manufacturers approved in writing by the ADWEA/ENGINEER.
Client ADWEA

The cement type specification is:
Cement complying with ASTM C150 Type II, with C3A content of approx. 7%. Unless
otherwise approved by the ADWEA/ENGINEER, all cement shall comply with all of the
following requirements:
A) The acid soluble alkali level measured as (Na20 + 0.658 K20) shall not exceed 0.6% by
weight (see cement test proforma).
B) The fineness rating shall have a specific surface of not greater than 400 m²/kg and not
less than 225m²/kg when tested as described in BS 4550 Part 3 Section 3.3.
C) The temperature of the cement shall not exceed 65°C at the time of incorporation into a
concrete mix.
When on arrival at the job site, the temperature of the cement is above 65°C, the
CONTRACTOR must have a false-setting test carried out.
D) One brand of cement shall be used throughout the work to maintain uniform colour and
to establish undivided responsibility
E) The cement used in the work shall be the same as that upon which the selection of
concrete proportion was based
For detailed cement specifications reference may be made to specification for concrete.
6. ADMIXTURES
Refer Specification for Concrete.
7. AGGREGATES
7.1 Aggregate Sources
Aggregates shall be comply with clause 6.2.2 of B.S. 8007.
Aggregates for concrete shall be obtained from mountain crushed rock selected by
CONTRACTOR and are to be approved for this purpose by the ADWEA/ENGINEER. The
CONTRACTOR shall be responsible for selecting suitable aggregates, and samples of and
sand and coarse aggregate are to be obtained for specified tests to be carried out before any
arrangements for obtaining aggregates from new or alternative sources are approved by the
ADWEA/ENGINEER. Laboratory check tests shall be made of the aggregate at regular
intervals to confirm their suitability for concrete and the consistency of the grading.
For detailed specifications refer Specification for Concrete.
7.2 Testing - Properties
Client ADWEA

7.3 Size of Aggregate
7.3.1 Grading
While tested in accordance with BS 812 Part 1, grading shall, except with written consent of
the ADWEA/ENGINEER be in accordance with Table 1 and Table 2 of BS 882 Part 2, for 40
mm, 20 mm and 10 mm nominal size etc.
For detailed specifications refer Specification for Concrete.
8. MIXING WATER
The CONTRACTOR shall make his own arrangements for the provision of fresh water for the
manufacture and curing of concrete which shall be subject to the approval of the
ADWEA/ENGINEER.
Initial curing shall be carried out within 10 minutes of completion and total curing established
at the earliest practical time from completion, all to the satisfaction of the
ADWEA/ENGINEER.
In general water to be used for the production and curing of concrete shall conform to the
standards stated in the Specification for Concrete.
9. REINFORCEMENT
9.1 General
Steel reinforcement, used in reinforced concrete, shall comply with the appropriate standards.
For each reinforcement steel delivery, the CONTRACTOR shall provide the
ADWEA/ENGINEER with one copy of the delivery voucher, specifying weights, diameters,
grades, categories, original and guarantees as to the compliance of the steel bars with the
appropriate standards.
Reinforcement to be used:
2
A) High tensile steel will have a minimum characteristic strength of 460 N/mm , with bond
classification corresponding to type 2 all in accordance with BS 4449.
2
B) Mild steel will have a minimum characteristic strength of 250 N/mm .
In conformity with BS 4449 and BS 4483, test certificates by a recognised authority shall be
supplied by the CONTRACTOR.
The reinforcement bars must be straight, with no bends or twists, with no dirt or other defects.
Procurement of steel thicker than 6 mm in coils will not be authorized, unless the
CONTRACTOR has suitable straightening equipment on the job site, and unless coil diameter
is at least 200 times the bar diameter.
Client ADWEA

Steel fabric (mesh) reinforcement shall comply with the requirements of BS 4483. It shall be
supplied in flat sheets. Rolled fabric will not be permitted.
Steel delivered shaped and assembled shall be carried in a way that ensures that no element
undergoes permanent deformation.
On request of the ADWEA/ENGINEER the CONTRACTOR shall additionally provide

independent test results obtained from an approved laboratory.
9.2 Storage
The steel reinforcement shall be stored near the site and adequately protected from the
elements. Storage shall be organized so that steel is not in contact with the ground. It must
be such that steel with different diameters or different grades cannot get mixed together and
can be retrieved easily.
Both ends of each bar must bear a painted mark identifying its grade.
9.3 Preparation and Fixing of Steel Reinforcement
Steel rod reinforcement shall be cut, bent and fixed in accordance with BS 8110 Part 1.
Generally it shall be bent cold in a manner which will not damage the material.
Bends, cranks or other labours on reinforcing bars shall be carefully, formed in accordance
with BS 4466 "Specification for scheduling, dimensioning, bending and cutting of steel
reinforcement for concrete", with BS 8110 and with the working drawings.
The length of laps shall be calculated in accordance with BS 8110. As a minimum for
reinforcement bars standard bar lap shall be 45 times bar diameter.
The number, size, form and position of all steel reinforcing bars, ties, links, stirrups and other
parts of the reinforcement are to be in according with the Drawings and kept in the correct
position in the forms without displacement during the process of vibrating, tamping and
ramming the concrete in place. The CONTRACTOR shall provide all necessary distance
pieces and spacer bars at his own cost to maintain the reinforcement in the correct position.
Any ties, links or stirrups connecting the bars shall be taut so that the bars are properly
braced and the inside of their curved parts shall be in actual contact with the bars. All inter
sections of bars shall be secured by wrapping around the best black annealed mild steel wire
as per BS 1052 approximately 1.5 mm diameter and hot dipped galvanised in accordance
with BS EN 10244-2 or other approved binders. Wire binding shall be twisted tight with proper
pliers. The free ends of the binding wire shall be bent inwards.
Tack welding to bind the bars together is prohibited.
Tolerances for reinforcement positioning shall be as follows:
A) Reinforcement on concrete facing - increase of up to 1/10 of minimum coverage, but not

more than 5mm. No reduction in minimum cover is permitted.
Client ADWEA

B) Other cases - 6 mm.
Spacers shall be made of mortar, concrete. The mortar or concrete they are made of
must have at least the same quality as the concrete to be poured, low porosity and an
identical colour to that of the construction if the spacers are to be visible on the outside.
The CONTRACTOR shall submit to the ADWEA/ENGINEER the type of spacers he

intends to use. The ADWEA/ENGINEER may suggest a different type of spacer if he
considers that those proposed by the CONTRACTOR do not fulfill the required
conditions, and no extra payment may be requested in this connection.
Before any steel reinforcement is embedded in the concrete any rust, oil, grease, salt
contamination, products and causes of pitting, or other deleterious matter shall be
removed, by grit blasting. Sand containing silica is prohibited for use in grit-blasting.
The CONTRACTOR shall provide at his own cost bar bending schedules. The
ADWEA/ENGINEER may request the CONTRACTOR to submit bar bending schedules
for review and approval.
Reinforcement temporarily left projecting from the concrete at construction or other

joints, shall not be bent out of position during the period in which concreting is
suspended, except with the approval of the ADWEA/ENGINEER. When such approval
is given the reinforcement shall bent out over a suitably sized former to prevent any
damage or over-stressing of the reinforcement.
Prior to placing concrete, the reinforcement shall be washed liberally with water, of equal
quality to that used for mixing the concrete, to remove wind blown dust, salts or other
contamination. Excess water shall be removed from the forms prior to placing the
concrete.
Welding
No welding of reinforcement will be allowed.
Sleeves
Joining bars by means of sleeve nuts or crimped sleeves is authorized as a rule, subject
to the ADWEA/ENGINEER approval of the type of sleeve and fitting method.
9.4 Cover to Reinforcement
The following minimum concrete cover to reinforcement shall be observed unless otherwise
shown on the drawings:
A) Concrete against earth 75 mm.
B) Concrete exposed to weather 50 mm.
C) Concrete exposed to liquids 75 mm.
Client ADWEA

The concrete cover to the reinforcement shall not exceed 80 mm (where 75 mm is specified)
unless particularly otherwise specified. Cover is measured as the minimum distance between
the outside face of the outer layer of reinforcement, main or secondary, and the nearest
permanent surface of the concrete element, excluding finishes.
9.5 Cast-In Items
All cast-in items shall be either galvanised to BS 729 or stainless steel or painted as per
directions of ADWEA/ENGINEER.
10. CONCRETE
All concrete for incorporation in the works shall be ready mixed concrete obtained from a
reputable supplier to be approved by the ADWEA/ENGINEER.
10.1 Grades of Concrete
Concrete for construction shall be as detailed in the Table of Concrete Mixes and as shown
by cylinder test results as specified. This list may be extended from time to time by the
addition of other mixes as required and to the approval of the ADWEA/ENGINEER.
The criteria stated in the Table of Concrete Mixes are designed to produce concrete of the
required strength and durability. The criteria may be altered during the trial mix stage at the
discretion of the ADWEA/ENGINEER. Type of cement used for concrete mixes is to be
selected as per relevant soil condition.
TABLE OF CONCRETE MIXES
Concrete Type of Max. Min & Max. Max. free Characteristic

Grade Cement size Qty. of water cube strength
Type II Agg. mm cement cement 28 days
3
ASTM C150 per m ratio N/mm²
40/20/S MSRPC 20 Max 420 0.42 40
Min 350
Mass/20 MSRPC 20 Max 250 0.5 20
The characteristic strengths specified are for concrete which has been cured at a temperature
of 23°C + 2°C in the Laboratory.
The term "Characteristic strength" is defined as the mean value of the cube or cylinder test
results (obtained with a significant sample) minus 1.64 times the standard deviation as
described in BS 5328 or ACI 214.
Sampling of concrete for test purposes shall be carried out in accordance with the
requirements of ASTM C31 - C192 - C617, or BS 1881 if cube test results are required.
Client ADWEA

Concrete specimens shall be manufactured and cured in accordance with the requirements of
ASTM C31 - C 192 - C617, or BS 1881 if cube test results are required.
The mixes shall be designed to have mean strengths that are greater than the specified
characteristic strength by a margin of 1.64 times the standard deviation expected from the
concreting plant, except that no standard deviation less than 3.5 N/mm² shall be used as a
basis for designing a mix.
For details of grades of concrete refer Specification for Concrete.
10.2 Quality of Concrete
10.3 Placing of Concrete
10.3.1 General
Concrete shall be placed in the positions and sequences indicated on the drawings or in the
Specification. All concrete, except blinding concrete shall be placed in forms unless
specifically approved otherwise by the ADWEA/ENGINEER.
For details refer Specification for Concrete.
10.4 Construction Joint
Concreting shall be carried out continuously upto construction joints, the position and
arrangement of which shall be as indicated on the Drawings or as previously approved by the
ADWEA/ ENGINEER.
The CONTRACTOR is to allow for working beyond the ordinary working hours where
necessary in order that each section of concrete may be completed without any lapse while
the work is in hand. All construction joints are to be formed square to the work. Key ways are
to be formed in all horizontal and vertical construction joints except where ordered to be
omitted by the ADWEA/ENGINEER.
Construction and expansion joints shall be located and the sequence of concreting arranged
to minimise the effect of shrinkage and thermal strains in the setting and hardened concrete
and in subsequent pours.
When work is resumed on a surface which has set the whole surface shall be thoroughly
roughened or scabbled with suitable tools so that no smooth skin of concrete that may be left
from the previous work is visible and that all aggregates and solid matrix around them are
exposed. If in the opinion of the ADWEA/ENGINEER any deleterious materials have come
into contact with the concrete of the construction joint the concrete shall be cut back to such
depth the ADWEA/ENGINEER shall order and the roughened surfaces shall be thoroughly
cleaned by compressed air and water jets or other approved means and brushed and watered
immediately before depositing concrete. If so ordered the roughened surface shall be coated
with a layer of stiff neat cement grout of adequate thickness prior to placing the new concrete.
Client ADWEA

Immediately after striking the formwork the construction joint shall be examined to ensure that
the integrity of structure has been maintained. If in the opinion of the ADWEA/ENGINEER
doubt exists over the soundness of the joint, then the CONTRACTOR shall take all steps
considered necessary to investigate and remedy any defects, to the approval of the
ADWEA/ENGINEER.
In water retaining structures all construction joints shall require the use of an approved type of
water bar and the joint shall be sealed at the liquid face(s) where no special seal coating of
that face is specified by a water proof sealant.
Pipe support pedestals on slabs shall have reinforcement firmly anchored into the supporting
slab and shall have carefully prepared construction joints to assure adequate bond and
connection.
10.5 Expansion and Contraction Joints
Expansion and contraction joints shall be positioned as shown on the drawings and based on
the guidelines as mentioned in BS 8007 section no.5.
No construction joint shall be formed between a slab or beam and a wall on the plane of wall
face but shall be set into the wall to a depth of a fifth of the overall wall thickness. Joints in
walls shall be positioned as agreed by ADWEA/ENGINEER before concreting commences.
Where a design joint occurs in a water retaining structure, or where otherwise ordered, the
joint shall be made watertight by the provision of a continuous waterstop strip of copper,
rubber, rubber and steel, or plastic (such as PVC) as specified by the ADWEA/ENGINEER
fixed across the joint where shown on the Drawings.
Special care shall be taken to ensure that the concrete is well worked against the embedded
parts of the strips and is free from honeycombing. Precautions are to be taken to protect any
projecting portions of the strips from damage during the progress of the Works and in the
case of rubber and plastic from light and heat.
In the case of copper waterstops, where directed, bituminous painting shall be applied to the
lips of the loops and the loop shall be fitted with a bituminous compound, these applications
being made before the strip is buried in the concrete. The method of jointing waterstops shall
be in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions and to the approval of the
ADWEA/ENGINEER.
10.6 Curing and Protection
10.6.1 Curing
Immediately after compaction and for 10 days thereafter all concrete shall be protected
against harmful effects of sunshine, drying winds, cold, rain or running water to the
satisfaction of the ADWEA/ENGINEER. During this period, the measures given in paragraph
A.4 of this clause shall be taken to prevent the loss of moisture from the concrete and to
minimise thermal stresses caused by the difference in temperature between the surface of the
Client ADWEA

concrete and the core of the concrete mass. No other methods shall be employed except
with the ADWEA/ENGINEER's approval.
Where water is to be used for curing concrete it shall be fresh water in accordance with ACI
305 and this specification and in addition:
A) Horizontal surfaces
1. Polyethylene sheeting shall be placed and sealed immediately after finishing.
2. After final set has taken place, the polyethylene sheet shall be replaced by wet
hessian which is then to be immediately recovered with polyethylene sheet and
sealed.
3. Measures must be taken to ensure that the hessian is always damp.
4. After 10 days the hessian and polytheylene sheet may be removed and an
approved aluminised or white pigmented resin based curing compound sprayed on
the surface. The rate of application should be strictly in accordance with the
manufacturer's recommendations. The particular compound and method of
application are to be approved by the ADWEA/ENGINEER.
5. Concrete shall be shaded as approved by the ADWEA/ENGINEER.
B) Vertical surfaces
1. Immediately after stripping the member should be wrapped with wet hessian and
then covered with polyethylene sheet which is to be held firmly in place and sealed.
The hessian must not be allowed to dry out.
2. After an initial curing period of 10 days the hessian and polyethylene sheet may be
removed and the concrete surface sprayed with an approved aluminised or white
pigmented resin based curing compound as an alternative to retaining the hessian
and polyethylene sheet in place for at least another 10 days.
Where timber or other insulating formwork is used it shall be left in place for 72 hours after
casting or until such time after the temperature peak of the concrete is reached as the
ADWEA/ENGINEER may direct.
Air circulation shall be prevented as far as possible along the exposed faces of concrete
during the curing period.
All joints which have to be filled with sealing compound, or surfaces formed as construction
joints, are to be protected in a manner which will ensure that no curing compound is placed
on the bonding surface e.g. by placing wet hessian. The protection shall be such as will
ensure proper curing of the joint surfaces and adjacent concrete and is to remain in place
until the joint surface is sealed for the period specified.
Client ADWEA

All concrete shall be protected from anything likely to interfere with the process of setting. No
load of any kind shall be imposed upon any concrete members after the removal of the struts
until the concrete is thoroughly set and hardened.
The surfaces of the concrete shall be protected from contamination of any sort for a period of
not less than 30 days from the date of pouring.
Where curing membranes are used (e.g. pavement) they shall be compatible with
waterproofing or other materials that may subsequently be applied to the surface of the
concrete.
Curing compounds shall comply with the requirements of ASTM C309.
10.6.2 Surface coating
10.6.2.1 General
The application of the total coating system shall fully comply with the recommendations of the
manufacturer.
If so required by the ADWEA/ENGINEER the manufacturer shall train and instruct the
CONTRACTOR's labour in the application techniques of the coating system.
Coating systems as well as application methods shall be guaranteed by both CONTRACTOR

and manufacturer. For this reason the CONTRACTOR shall furnish the ADWEA/ENGINEER
with two signed copies of the mutual CONTRACTOR/manufacturers guarantees and a
method statement signed by the manufacturer for approval.
The CONTRACTOR shall issue full details of the coating procedures, coating materials, repair
procedure etc. to the ADWEA/ENGINEER for his approval.
All coatings shall be properly cured before handling, backfilling, overcoating,

filling/recommissioning etc.
Low viscosity primer, filler, levelling compound and coating shall be of one brand and shall
belong to one coating system.
Unless stated otherwise the coating shall be applied by airless spray or brush to the thickness
required and in the number of layers required.
The applied coating layer shall be protected from direct sunrays by means of shading for at
least 48 hours or more if so specified by the manufacturer.
A) Below ground level
Structural concrete surfaces below ground level shall be protected by the application of
the following surface coating system:
1. Filler.
Client ADWEA

2. Primer.
3. Two coats of coal tar epoxy of a dry film thickness (DFT) of min. 500 microns.
Application strictly according with the manufacturer's data sheets.
During hot seasons the coating time shall be approved by the ADWEA/ENGINEER.
Prior to coating the concrete surface shall be in good sound conditions free from
loose materials, grease, dust, etc. The cement laitance shall be removed by grit
blasting, wet grit blasting or mechanical cleaning, and the method of surface
preparation shall be approved by the ADWEA/ENGINEER for each circumstance.
The coating shall be protected by minimum 12 mm thick impregnated fibre board in

compliance with ASTM D 1751.
B) Above ground level
Structural concrete surface exposed to atmospheric conditions shall be protected by

application of an epoxy system with a polyurethene resin top coating. The coating
system to be used shall be submitted by the Contractor for approval of
ADWEA/ENGINEER.
Filling of blow holes and irregularities of concrete surfaces shall be carried out with one
coat of an approved mortar. Afterwards 2 coats of epoxy and one top coat of
polyurethane resin shall be applied.
1. The 2nd coat of epoxy paint shall be applied after the 1st coat has cured sufficiently
- if 1st coat is cured too long to a glass hard surfaces, it must be roughened with
glass paper before applying the 2nd coat.
2. During hot seasons the coating time shall be approved by the ADWEA/ENGINEER.
The coating systems shall fulfil the following requirements:
a. Total oxygen diffusion resistance value shall be at least 200 m.
b. The crack bridging properties of the polyurethene coat shall be sufficient to cover a
0.2 mm crack with 0.2 mm movement.
c. The top coat shall be non-reflective.
d. Not more than 1 pinhole per square meter is acceptable.
e. Total dry film thickness of the coating system shall be not less than 0.4 mm.
f. Coating shall be applied in no less than 3 layers.
g. The bond strength of the coating system to the concrete as well as the bond
strength of the coating to the hardened coating shall be at least 1.5 N/mm 2.
Client ADWEA

h. Coating system shall be alkali-resistant.
i. Subsequent applied layers within one coating system shall have a different colour.
j. The colour and gloss of the top-coat shall be to ADWEA/ENGINEER approval, and
shall not be subject to 'chalking' or discolouration on ageing.
k. Be resistant to ultra-violet rays and hydro-carbons.
l. Be suitable for both above and below ground application.
C) Surface Preparation of Concrete
Prior to coating the concrete surface shall be in good sound conditions free from loose
materials, grease, dust, etc. The cement laitance shall be removed by grit blasting, wet
grit blasting or mechanical cleaning, and the method of surface preparation shall be
approved by the ADWEA/ENGINEER for each circumstance.
The coating system shall be applied to concrete as soon as possible in strict accordance
to the manufacturers recommendations and product data.
10.6.2.2 Coating material requirements
Before starting the coating operations test samples shall be produced to establish the amount
of coating material required per square metre for the required dry film thickness.
A base material for the samples, 100 mm square calcium silicate cement plates shall be used
with and (when applicable) without a thin layer of sprayed concrete.
The CONTRACTOR shall establish the moisture content of the concrete substrate by taking
one dust sample per 50 m² or one dust sample per foundation and determine the moisture
content of this dust with a "speedy moisture tester".
The dry film thickness on the actual surface shall be checked by measuring the amount of
coating material used and by measurement of the thickness.
The CONTRACTOR shall keep records of coating operations indicating at least date and
place of application, amount of coating material used for each layer, surface area covered
and calculated dry film thickness. This record shall be part of the as-built documentation.
The average of a series of calculated film thicknesses shall be not less than the specified
thickness.
No individual calculated thickness shall be less than 80% of the specified thickness.
Containers with coating material shall be measured by weight to establish the amount of coat
material used.
Client ADWEA

The bond strength of the coating system shall be tested by means of the pull-off strength test.
The number of tests shall be at least one test per 50 m², with a minimum of one test per daily
production. The test shall be taken at places indicated by the ADWEA/ENGINEER.
The average value of three consecutive pull-off strength tests shall at least meet the
requirements. No value however shall be below 80% of the required value.
When a coating system is not complying with the requirements, all coating applied during the
time span between the previous test showing acceptable results and the test showing non-
acceptable results shall be rejected.
The number of pinholes shall be determined on locations approved by the

ADWEA/ENGINEER.
Testing shall be performed by a high-voltage coating tester on those locations where this is
allowed for in the safety regulations.
In areas where this testing method is prohibited the coated areas shall be checked visually.
The primer shall be considered part of the coating system, therefore the primer shall not be
tested independently but in combination with the applied coating system.
11. FORMWORK
11.1 General
Design calculations for form work and its supporting arrangement both for the walls and the
roof of the storage tank shall be submitted by the CONTRACTOR for approval of
ADWEA/ENGINEER.
The CONTRACTOR shall submit for the approval of the ADWEA/ENGINEER details of the
methods and materials proposed for the formwork to each section of the work. Details of
formwork to produce special finishes are to be submitted for approval in writing to the
ADWEA/ENGINEER before any materials are brought on to the site.
Forms shall be constructed from sound material of sufficient strength, properly braced,
strutted and shored to ensure rigidity throughout the placing and compaction of the concrete
without visible deflection. Forms shall be so constructed that they can be removed without
shock or vibration to the concrete.
Internal ties shall be of metal and shall be either capable of complete removal without
permanent injury to the concrete or if remaining permanently embedded in the concrete shall
be no nearer than 75 mm to any finished surface and the cavity shall be so formed as to
permit satisfactory filling by using a pre-packed cementitious non-shrink grout.
All joints shall be close fitting to prevent leakage of grout and cement water and at
construction joints the formwork shall be tightly secured against previously cast or hardened
concrete to prevent stepping or ridges to exposed surfaces.
Client ADWEA

Formwork shall be constructed to provide the correct shape, lines and dimensions of the
concrete shown on the Drawings. Due allowance shall be made for any deflection which will
occur during the placing of concrete within the forms.
Panels shall have true edges to permit accurate alignment and provide a neat line with
adjacent panels and at all construction joints. All panels shall be fixed with their joints either
vertical or horizontal, unless otherwise specified or approved. When chamfers are to be
formed the fillets shall be accurately cut to size to provide a smooth and continuous chamfer.
The category of formwork to be used for each concrete item will be indicated on the drawings.
If no mention is made, it is assumed that category 1 formwork will be used.
11.2 Categories of Formwork
3 categories of formwork are specified.
11.2.1 Wrought formwork (category 1)
Where wrought (wrot) formwork is specified, the forms shall be of steel or properly seasoned
plywood and shall be such as to produce perfectly finished concrete surfaces, smooth
throughout with no unevenness or overlap. The finished surface must be even enough for a 2
m ruler applied in any direction on the flat faces, never to reveal a dip or bulge exceeding 5
mm.
The CONTRACTOR shall make due allowance for the renewal and/or repair of formwork for
which more than one use is intended.
11.2.2 Ordinary formwork (category 2)
It must have true inside surface, with no local unevenness.
11.2.3 Rough formwork (category 3) for hidden surfaces
Where rough formwork is specified, the forms may be constructed of plain, butt-jointed
properly seasoned sawn timer unless otherwise instructed by the ADWEA/ENGINEER.
The tolerances for the finished concrete dimensions shall not be exceeded and the minimum
specified cover to the reinforcement shall be maintained at all points.
11.3 Exposed Surfaces
The finished faces of all concrete work shall be sound, solid and free from defects. All
arrisses are to have a 25 x 25 mm chamfer unless otherwise specified. No rendering of
imperfect concrete faces will be allowed and any concrete that is defective in any way
including colour is to be cut out and replaced to such depths or be made good in such manner
as the ADWEA/ENGINEER may direct.
Client ADWEA

11.4 Formwork for Vibrated Concrete
Where concrete is vibrated into position the formwork shall be so designed to withstand the
forces from such vibrations. Internal vibrators only shall normally be permissible, and if
external vibrators are required to be used the type of vibrator, design of the formwork and the
method of fixing the vibrators shall all be to the approval of the ADWEA/ENGINEER.
11.5 Preparation of Formwork
The formwork shall be coated with an approved mould release agent and all excess shall be
carefully removed. Mould release agent shall not be allowed to come into contact with
concrete already placed or with reinforcement.
Before concrete is placed, all formwork and supports shall be thoroughly cleaned. Temporary
openings shall be provided where necessary to drain away water and rubbish.
Concrete shall not be placed until the relevant formwork has been inspected and approved by
the ADWEA/ENGINEER though this shall not relieve the CONTRACTOR from the
requirements as to soundness, finish and accuracy specified elsewhere.
A period not less than 24 hours notice shall be given to the ADWEA/ENGINEER to allow for
the examination and approval of the formwork and reinforcement by the ADWEA/ENGINEER
prior to placing concrete.
11.6 Removal of Formwork
Forms shall be removed in such a manner as to not damage the concrete. No forms shall be
removed until the concrete has gained sufficient strength to support itself. Centres and props
may be removed when the member being supported has gained sufficient strength to carry
itself and the load to be imposed on it with a reasonable factor of safety. The following table
is a guide to the minimum periods which must elapse between the completion of the
concreting operations and the removal of formwork. Notwithstanding this table no prop or
formwork shall be removed without the permission of the ADWEA/ENGINEER and such
permission shall not relieve the CONTRACTOR of his responsibility for the safety of the
structure.
Vertical sides of beams, walls,

columns - lift not exceeding 1.2 m 12 hrs.
Vertical sides of beams, walls, columns

lift exceeding 1.2 m 36 hrs.
Soffits of slabs 8 days.
Removal of props for slabs 14 days.
Soffits of beams 8 days.
Removal of props for beams 21 days.
Client ADWEA

After removal of formwork no remedial works shall be attempted until the work has been
inspected by the ADWEA/ENGINEER. If, in his opinion, any defect cannot be made good
satisfactorily he may direct the CONTRACTOR to replace such work at the CONTRACTOR's
expense.
12. LIST OF SPECIFIC TESTS AND PROCEDURES
13. USE AND CONTROL OF REINFORCING BARS
13.1 Bending and Fabrication Of Reinforcement
Steel reinforcement required to be bent shall be bent cold and such a manner and using
plastic or rubber coated formers that there is no direct steel/rebar contact and that bar is not
in any way damaged. Standard radii shall be according to BS EN ISO 4066 unless ordered
otherwise by the ADWEA/ENGINEER. After cutting and bending, each bar shall be
thoroughly inspected and any damage repaired.
13.2 Rejection
The ADWEA/ENGINEER may reject any reinforcement steel as the result of any test thereof
not withstanding the manufacturer's or coating applicator's certificates.
The CONTRACTOR shall remove all rejected reinforcing steel from the site without delay at
his own expense.
13.3 Product Handling
Bars shall be handled and stored in a manner to prevent damage. Bars damaged in handling
or other operations shall be satisfactorily repaired at no additional cost to the
ADWEA/ENGINEER.
13.4 Storage
All bars for reinforcement and steel fabric reinforcement shall be stored on the site under
cover on timber or concrete supports suitably spaced and of sufficient height to keep the steel
not less than 150 mm clear of the ground.
14. LIST OF SPECIFIC TESTS AND PROCEDURES
14.1 Access Manholes and Ladders
Access manholes, 1500 mm x 1500 mm clear opening shall be provided on the roof of the
reservoirs with modified glass reinforced plastic access ladders and safety cages provided at
each opening.
External access shall be provided by galvanised mild steel ladders, 450 mm wide, butted
against the wall. Galvanised mild steel safety cages shall be provided for the ladders.
Client ADWEA

14.2 External Works
Around the reservoirs and associated pumpstation plot, a boundary chain link fence shall be
provided.
For details of fencing refer specification for fencing.
Client ADWEA

Specification For Concrete Reservoirs

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Specification For Concrete Reservoirs

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SPECIFICATION FOR CONCRETE

0 02-02-2002 Approved Issue

tender: project: document: W-C-SS-007 rev: 0 sheet: 1 of: 25

1. SCOPE OF WORK ................................................................................4

2. CODES, STANDARDS AND REFERENCES........................................5

4. DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS ................................................................8

8. MIXING WATER ..................................................................................11

10. CONCRETE .........................................................................................14

11. FORMWORK .......................................................................................21

tender: project: document: W-C-SS-007 rev: 0 sheet: 2 of: 25

12. LIST OF SPECIFIC TESTS AND PROCEDURES...............................24

13. USE AND CONTROL OF REINFORCING BARS ...............................24

14. LIST OF SPECIFIC TESTS AND PROCEDURES...............................24

tender: project: document: W-C-SS-007 rev: 0 sheet: 3 of: 25

1.3 Sampling and Testing

1.4 Third Party Testing

All testing shall be performed by an independent (third party) organisation to be approved by

tender: project: document: W-C-SS-007 rev: 0 sheet: 4 of: 25

The CONTRACTOR shall not change from an approved manufacturer/supplier without

All materials shall be delivered with appropriate documentation/ certificates.

Materials shall be clearly marked for identification.

2. CODES, STANDARDS AND REFERENCES

BS 12 Standard specifications for Portland Cement.

BS 63 Specification for single sized aggregate for surface dressing.

BS 410 Specifications for test sieves.

BS 882 Aggregates from natural sources for concrete (including granolithic).

BS 1200 Building sands from natural sources.

BS 1305 Specification for batch type concrete mixers.

BS 1370 Specification for low heat Portland cement.

tender: project: document: W-C-SS-007 rev: 0 sheet: 5 of: 25

BS 1881 Methods of testing concrete.

BS 3148 Methods of tests for water for making concrete.

BS 4027 Specification for sulphate resisting Portland cement.

BS 4483 Specification for steel fabric for the reinforcement of concrete.

BS 4550 Methods of testing cement.

BS 4551 Method of testing mortars, screeds and plasters.

BS 5075 Concrete admixtures.

BS 5328 Methods for specifying concrete including ready mixed concrete.

BS 5628 Code of practice for use of masonry.

BS 5975 Code of practice for false work.

BS 6399 Parts 1&2 - Loadings for buildings.

BS 8007 The structural use of concrete for retaining aqueous liquids.

BS 8110 The structural use of concrete.

BS EN 196 Methods of Testing Cement.

American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)

C 31 Standard method of making and curing concrete test specimens in the

C 33 Standard Specifications for concrete aggregates.

tender: project: document: W-C-SS-007 rev: 0 sheet: 6 of: 25

C 88 Soundness test by use of Sodium Sulphate or Magnesium Sulphate.

C127/C128 Specification for specific gravity of aggregates.

C 150 Standard Specifications for Portland Cement.

C 172 Standard method of sampling fresh concrete.

C 227 Test method for potential alkaline reactivity of cement aggregate

C 230 Specification for flow and workability of mortars.

C 260 Specification for air-entraining admixtures for concrete.

C 309 Specification for membrane - forming compounds for curing concrete.

C 494 Chemical Admixtures for concrete.

C 617 Standard method of capping cylindrical concrete specimens.

C 1152 Test method for acid soluble chloride.

D 1751 Fibre impregnated board.

D 2419 Standard test method for sand equivalent value.

American Concrete Institute

ACI 305 Recommended Practice for hot weather concreting.